Home Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report
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Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report

  • Rumeng Yang and Liwei Liu EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: May 20, 2025
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare uterine mesenchymal tumor, which is classified as a tumor with uncertain malignant potential. In this case report, we reported a 52-year-old woman who was diagnosed with UTROSCT through pathological examination of uterine intramural nodules. We reported the diagnosis and treatment process, aiming to provide new evidence and insights for the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.

Keywords: uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor; striated muscle; ESR1-NCOA3; fusion gene; pathology

1 Introduction

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) was first reported by Clement and Scully in 1976, which was a rare mesenchymal tumor of the uterus, mainly affecting perimenopausal and postmenopausal women [1]. UTROSCT exhibits diverse tissue morphology, including nest-like, cord-like, sheet-like, trabecular, or reticular structure. It usually shows varying degrees of expression of epithelial, sex cord, smooth muscle, and endometrial stromal markers [1]. The tissue origin of UTROSCT remains unclear, and it typically lacks JAZF-1-SUZ12 gene fusion. A recent study has revealed that most UTROSCT cases have a unique NCOA1-3 gene rearrangement, offering a new approach for clinical diagnosis [2]. Although most UTROSCTs have a favorable prognosis, there are still a few cases of recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, UTROSCT is classified as a tumor with uncertain malignant potential [3].

UTROSCT is relatively rare, and the current number of reports is still insufficient. As a result, its diagnosis and treatment still require further investigation. This study reported a case of UTROSCT with significant rhabdoid differentiation. We discussed the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of this tumor in combination with the literature, with the hope of contributing new evidence and perspectives to its diagnosis and treatment.

2 Case report

A 52-year-old female patient underwent a B-ultrasound examination in June 2021. The results showed that nodules measuring 4.1 × 3.4 cm and 4.9 × 3.6 cm were present on the posterior and anterior walls of the uterus, respectively. The uterine cavity was centered, and a mixed echo with a visible range of 6.1 × 4.9 × 1.5 cm was detected, while the adnexa showed no abnormalities. Subsequent pathological examination suggested endometrial stromal nodules with slightly active cells, and follow-up was recommended.

In July 2021, due to “endometrial hyperplasia”, the patient underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy at a local hospital. During the operation, intramural nodules were observed. The section of the nodules was grayish-yellow, without necrosis. The postoperative pathology indicated epithelioid leiomyoma.

Subsequently, the patient came to our hospital for a pathological consultation. The results were as follows: (1) Most rhabdoid cells with abundant cytoplasm were diffusely distributed, and pseudoglandular structures were observed in focal areas (Figure 1a). Normal smooth muscle was interspersed among the tumor cells (Figure 1b). (2) The tumor cells had a mild appearance, abundant cytoplasm, large nucleoli (Figure 1c), and occasional mitotic figures (Figure 1d). (3) Short spindle cells formed a whorled structure (Figure 1e), and in focal areas, there was a diffuse whorled tumor (Figure 1f).

Figure 1 Pathological examination results (HE staining). (a) Pseudoadenoid structure; (b) normal smooth muscle interpenetration among tumor cells; (c) tumor cells showed a rhabdoid pattern, with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, vacuoles, and prominent nucleoli; (d) occasional mitosis; (e) short spindle cells and vortex structure; (f) tumor tissues around the endometrial glands were arranged in a cord-like manner.
Figure 1

Pathological examination results (HE staining). (a) Pseudoadenoid structure; (b) normal smooth muscle interpenetration among tumor cells; (c) tumor cells showed a rhabdoid pattern, with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, vacuoles, and prominent nucleoli; (d) occasional mitosis; (e) short spindle cells and vortex structure; (f) tumor tissues around the endometrial glands were arranged in a cord-like manner.

The immunohistochemical results were as follows: (1) Vimentin, pancytokeratin (PCK), and cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18) were positive, while epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was negative. (2) Sex cord markers, including Calretinin (Figure 2a), CD56 (Figure 2b), CD99, and Wilms tumor 1 protein (WT-1) (Figure 2c), were positive. (3) Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), inhibin, and Melan-A were negative. (4) Desmin (DES) and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were focally positive (Figure 2d). (5) Caldesmon, CD10, human placental lactogen (HPL), p63, p40, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3), inhibin, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), S100 protein, human melanoma antigen (HMB45), and paired box gene 8 were negative.

Figure 2 Immunohistochemical results of the tumor: (a) sex cord markers Calretinin, (b) CD56, (c) WT-1, and (d) SMA.
Figure 2

Immunohistochemical results of the tumor: (a) sex cord markers Calretinin, (b) CD56, (c) WT-1, and (d) SMA.

Next-generation sequencing of soft tissue tumors (covering 507 genes) detected an ESR1-NCOA3 gene fusion mutation in the patient’s tumor tissue.

Combining the results of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetic testing, the patient was finally diagnosed with UTROSCT with extensive rhabdoid differentiation. The patient’s general condition was good after the surgery, and no additional treatment was administered. As of the follow-up in October 2021, the patient had no discomfort, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis was detected.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Tongji Hospital.

3 Discussion

UTROSCT commonly occurs in middle-aged women (with a median age of 50 years). The main clinical symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain [1]. Most patients present with an enlarged uterus or an obvious uterine mass, although some UTROSCT cases may be incidentally discovered [1]. Grossly, most UTROSCTs appear as intramural nodules, with a few located in the submucosa and protruding into the uterine cavity. The average diameter of the tumor is approximately 6 cm, and the section is yellow or brown. UTROSCTs are mainly solid, and a few can be cystic-solid. They usually have clear boundaries, while a few have irregular edges. Microscopically, most UTROSCTs show diffuse growth, and a few can be nodular. Tumor cells are often arranged in a variety of mixed patterns, including sheet-like, cord-like, nest-like, island-like, trabecular, tubular, or reticular growth. The tumor cells have a mild morphology, often a mixture of spindle or epithelioid shapes, and exhibit diverse nuclear and cytoplasmic features. The tumor cells usually contain a small amount or abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Transparent, vacuolar, lipid-like, and signet ring-like changes can also be observed. In rare cases, they may show a rhabdoid pattern [2]. Mitotic figures are generally rare (<5/10 high-power fields), but there are occasional cases with a significant increase. In recurrent cases, the number of mitotic figures can be significantly elevated, but no pathological mitotic figures are observed [4]. The tumor stroma is scanty, showing hyalinization and collagenization. In some cases, it can be loose and edematous or undergo mucinous degeneration. In a few cases, obvious lymphocyte infiltration can be seen [2]. In this case, the UTROSCT mainly presented in a rare rhabdoid pattern, with spindle-shaped tumor cells and few typical sex cord-like components. This significantly increased the difficulty of diagnosis.

UTROSCT has various immunohistochemical expression patterns and usually expresses some sex cord markers. Stewart et al. [5] suggested that Calretinin is the most sensitive marker for UTROSCT, but it is often focally expressed. In contrast, SF-1 has the highest specificity. Recent studies have proposed that Calretinin, inhibin, CD99, Melan-A, and WT-1 can be used as a group of detection markers. The positive expression of Calretinin and at least one of the above markers is a necessary condition for the diagnosis of UTROSCT [6]. In this case, Calretinin, CD56, CD99, and WT-1 were mainly expressed, which is consistent with its immunohistochemical characteristics.

The extensive rhabdoid differentiation in this UTROSCT case is an extremely rare feature. In comparison with most reported UTROSCT cases, which usually present with more typical sex cord-like components and growth patterns, this case stands out. This unique feature significantly impacts the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Morphologically, the dominance of rhabdoid cells and the scarcity of typical sex cord-like structures make it challenging to diagnose this case as a UTROSCT based on traditional morphological criteria alone. In routine practice, the presence of rhabdoid cells might lead to misdiagnosis as other tumors with rhabdoid features, such as rhabdomyosarcoma or epithelioid malignancies. Immunohistochemistry becomes crucial in this situation. Although the immunophenotype of this case is consistent with UTROSCT in terms of positive expression of sex cord markers like Calretinin, CD56, CD99, and WT-1, the presence of rhabdoid cells requires a more comprehensive immunohistochemical panel to rule out other differential diagnoses.

Recent studies have elucidated the molecular genetic characteristics of UTROSCT through next-generation sequencing. Goebel et al.’s study showed that NCOA1-3 gene rearrangement was found in 81.8% (18/22) of cases [2]. The most common was the ESR1-NCOA3 gene fusion, and a few cases showed GREB1-NCOA1, ESR1-NCOA2, and GREB1-NCOA2 gene fusions. Additionally, several studies have confirmed that UTROSCT lacks the characteristic JAZF-1-SUZ12 gene fusion [7] or PHF1 gene rearrangement [8] of endometrial stromal tumors and does not have the FOXL2 and DICER1 gene mutations unique to ovarian sex cord stromal tumors [9]. The next-generation sequencing results of this case showed an ESR1-NCOA3 gene fusion, which is consistent with its molecular genetic characteristics. In several other reports of UTROSCT with a rhabdomyoid morphology, the tumor tissues showed an ESR1-NCOA3 gene fusion [4], which is also consistent with the results of this study. This case emphasized the importance of comprehensive diagnosis for UTROSCT. When dealing with uterine mesenchymal tumors with complex tissue structures and a lack of classical morphology, relying solely on histological appearance is insufficient. Molecular genetic testing, such as detecting the ESR1-NCOA3 gene fusion in this case, is essential for accurate diagnosis. In addition, a wide range of immunohistochemical markers should be used to exclude other similar tumors.

The differential diagnosis of this case mainly involves tumors with epithelioid features, and immunohistochemistry can assist in the identification: (1) Epithelial-derived tumors: true epithelial tumors are EMA-positive, while mesenchymal tumors with an epithelioid morphology are EMA-negative. PCK and CK8/18 have no differential value. (2) Malignant melanoma is positive for S100, HMB45, and Melan-A. (3) Rhabdomyoma is positive for DES, MyoD1, and Myogenin. (4) Epithelioid leiomyoma: DES, SMA, and Caldesmon are positive, and epithelial markers such as PCK can be focally positive. (5) Trophoblastic tumors also have the characteristic of positive broad-spectrum epithelial expression but negative EMA. However, trophoblastic cell markers such as HPL, P63, GATA-3, and HCG are positive to varying degrees. (6) Epithelioid hemangiopericytoma contains blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat in different proportions. Immunohistochemically, HMB45 and Melan-A are positive. (7) Endometrial stromal-derived tumors: low-grade endometrial sarcoma shows invasive growth. The tumor cells are generally relatively uniform oval or short spindle-shaped, similar to endometrial stromal cells, and CD10 staining is strongly positive. In addition, most low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas have a JAZF1-SUZ12 gene fusion or PHF1 gene rearrangement.

The treatment of UTROSCT is mostly hysterectomy, with or without bilateral salpingectomy and oophorectomy. Currently, there have been reports of successful pregnancies in UTROSCT patients who underwent fertility-sparing treatment [10]. Therefore, for young patients with fertility needs, fertility-sparing treatment can be considered after a comprehensive evaluation of the tumor’s characteristics. However, due to the uncertain malignant potential of UTROSCT, close follow-up is necessary regardless of the treatment method chosen. In addition, in terms of treatment, emerging targeted therapies are being explored. Given the specific gene rearrangements in UTROSCT, drugs targeting the related signaling pathways might be developed in the future. For example, drugs targeting the ESR1-NCOA3-related pathway could potentially be used to treat UTROSCT. However, these are still in the experimental stage, and more research is needed to evaluate their efficacy and safety.

Although the vast majority of UTROSCTs have a good prognosis, there are still a few cases of recurrence and metastasis. Thus, UTROSCT is classified as a tumor with uncertain malignant potential. Moore and McCluggage [3] followed up and analyzed the prognosis of 34 patients with UTROSCT. Among them, eight patients had extrauterine metastasis and three patients died of the tumor. Analysis of clinicopathological features showed that an increased number of tumor mitotic figures (≥2/10 high-power fields) and necrosis were associated with a poor prognosis. Goebel et al. [2] collected the follow-up information of 11 patients with UTROSCT. Only one case relapsed after the initial diagnosis, and this case had a GREB1-NCOA2 gene rearrangement. Although UTROSCT is generally considered to have a relatively good prognosis, a small number of cases do experience metastasis. The most common metastatic sites include the pelvic lymph nodes, lungs, and abdominal cavity. However, the exact mechanisms of metastasis and the factors influencing it are still under investigation. Regarding prognosis, while the long-term impact of extensive rhabdoid differentiation remains unclear, some studies suggest a potential association with a different prognosis. Some reports indicate that tumors with rhabdoid features might have a more aggressive behavior. However, in this case, the patient has not shown recurrence or metastasis during the short-term follow-up. It is possible that the extensive rhabdoid differentiation in this UTROSCT might represent a distinct biological subtype. If so, it could potentially have unique responses to treatment and recurrence patterns. Future research with a larger sample size and longer follow-up periods is needed to clarify this relationship.

In summary, this study reported a rare case of UTROSCT. The tumor tissue in this case was mainly characterized by a rare rhabdoid pattern, with fewer typical sex cord-like components, which posed challenges to the diagnosis. When dealing with uterine mesenchymal tumors with complex tissue structures and a lack of classical morphology, active molecular testing is not only beneficial for a clear diagnosis but also provides a basis for further exploring the potential relationship between different tissue morphologies and molecular characteristics. Moreover, some studies have suggested that UTROSCT with a rhabdoid pattern is closely related to late recurrence in patients [4]. Therefore, long-term follow-up of such patients is essential.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Author contributions: RY contributed to the study design, data acquisition and analysis, interpretation of results, and writing and revising the manuscript. LL contributed to data acquisition, data analysis, and reviewing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2024-11-12
Revised: 2025-03-07
Accepted: 2025-03-21
Published Online: 2025-05-20

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  128. The TNFR-RIPK1/RIPK3 signalling pathway mediates the effect of lanthanum on necroptosis of nerve cells
  129. Longitudinal monitoring of autoantibody dynamics in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing surgery
  130. The potential role of rutin, a flavonoid, in the management of cancer through modulation of cell signaling pathways
  131. Construction of pectinase gene engineering microbe and its application in tobacco sheets
  132. Construction of a microbial abundance prognostic scoring model based on intratumoral microbial data for predicting the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma
  133. Sepsis complicated by haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human herpesvirus 8 in an immunocompromised elderly patient: A case report
  134. Sarcopenia in liver transplantation: A comprehensive bibliometric study of current research trends and future directions
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  136. Can coronavirus disease 2019 affect male fertility or cause spontaneous abortion? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
  137. Heat stroke associated with novel leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor gene variant in a Chinese infant
  138. PSME2 exacerbates ulcerative colitis by disrupting intestinal barrier function and promoting autophagy-dependent inflammation
  139. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state with severe hypernatremia coexisting with central diabetes insipidus: A case report and literature review
  140. Efficacy and mechanism of escin in improving the tissue microenvironment of blood vessel walls via anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects: Implications for clinical practice
  141. Merkel cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of three patients and literature review
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  144. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  145. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
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  148. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  149. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  150. Fungal and bacterial pathogenic co-infections mainly lead to the assembly of microbial community in tobacco stems
  151. Influencing of coal industry related airborne particulate matter on ocular surface tear film injury and inflammatory factor expression in Sprague-Dawley rats
  152. Temperature-dependent development, predation, and life table of Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson) (Diptera: Syrphidae) feeding on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
  153. Eleonora’s falcon trophic interactions with insects within its breeding range: A systematic review
  154. Agriculture
  155. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  156. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  157. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  158. Molecular mechanism of follicular development in laying hens based on the regulation of water metabolism
  159. Animal Science
  160. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
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  163. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  164. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
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  167. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  168. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  169. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  170. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  171. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  172. Using plant electrical signals of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for water pollution monitoring
  173. Food Science
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  175. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  176. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  177. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  178. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  179. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  180. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  181. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  182. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  183. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  184. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  185. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  186. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  187. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  188. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  189. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  190. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  191. Corrigendum
  192. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
  193. Corrigendum to “Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1104
Keywords for this article
uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor; striated muscle; ESR1-NCOA3; fusion gene; pathology
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  144. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  145. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  146. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  147. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  148. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  149. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  150. Fungal and bacterial pathogenic co-infections mainly lead to the assembly of microbial community in tobacco stems
  151. Influencing of coal industry related airborne particulate matter on ocular surface tear film injury and inflammatory factor expression in Sprague-Dawley rats
  152. Temperature-dependent development, predation, and life table of Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson) (Diptera: Syrphidae) feeding on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
  153. Eleonora’s falcon trophic interactions with insects within its breeding range: A systematic review
  154. Agriculture
  155. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  156. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  157. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  158. Molecular mechanism of follicular development in laying hens based on the regulation of water metabolism
  159. Animal Science
  160. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  161. Plant Sciences
  162. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  163. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  164. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  165. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  166. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  167. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  168. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  169. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  170. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  171. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  172. Using plant electrical signals of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for water pollution monitoring
  173. Food Science
  174. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  175. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  176. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  177. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  178. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  179. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  180. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  181. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  182. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  183. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  184. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  185. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  186. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  187. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  188. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  189. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  190. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  191. Corrigendum
  192. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
  193. Corrigendum to “Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans”
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