Home Life Sciences Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
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Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report

  • Yanting Gao , Yun Zhang , Hong Wang , Jingjing Xiang , Xiangping Wu and Qinghong Yu EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 11, 2025
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are two different diseases and are life-threatening if left untreated. The co-occurrence of SAA and NPC is rare and presents a complex therapeutic paradox. This study reports a unique case of a patient diagnosed with both SAA and NPC. The patient initially underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to achieve rapid hematologic recovery, followed by nimotuzumab + radiotherapy for carcinoma treatment. This case suggests that sequential haploidentical HSCT and radiotherapy may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with coexisting SAA and NPC.

Keywords: severe aplastic anemia; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; nimotuzumab; radiotherapy

1 Introduction

Acquired aplastic anemia is a rare hematological disorder characterized by hypocellular bone marrow (significantly reduced number of cells) and pancytopenia (deficiency of blood cell components, i.e., white cells, red cells, and platelets) due to autoimmune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. Aplastic anemia constitutes a potentially fatal bone marrow failure syndrome, often leading to early mortality if untreated. Management strategies for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) as the two principal modalities [1].

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct and aggressive malignancy of the head and neck region originating from the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx. Therapeutic interventions for NPC typically include brachytherapy, nasopharyngectomy, radiosurgery, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, or combinations of radiotherapy and surgery, sometimes in conjunction with chemotherapy [2].

Concurrent presentation of SAA and NPC poses significant therapeutic challenges due to the inherent risks associated with treatment modalities for each condition. This study reports a uniquely rare case of successful sequential therapy with haploidentical HSCT followed by radiotherapy in a 28-year-old male patient diagnosed with both SAA and NPC at the same time.

2 Case report

Thirteen years ago, at 15 years of age, a man presented with pancytopenia was diagnosed with aplastic anemia based on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The patient was initially treated with cyclosporine A (CSA) for 3 months, which was discontinued due to lack of response. He required frequent blood transfusions and maintained a stable but severe cytopenic condition over the ensuing 13 years: white blood cell (WBC) counts between 0.8 × 109 and 1.2 × 109/L, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) between 0.3 × 109 and 0.7 × 109/L, hemoglobin between 30 and 40 g/L, and platelet counts between 10 × 109 and 18 × 109/L.

In February 2021, he was admitted to the Department of Hematology with progressive pancytopenia, showing WBC 0.7 × 109/L, ANC 0.1 × 109/L, hemoglobin 48 g/L, platelets 5 × 109/L, and absolute reticulocyte count 6.7 × 109/L. Blood Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus nucleic acids were tested negative. Chromosome breakage testing excluded Fanconi anemia, and fluorescence-labeled aerolysin assay by flow cytometry revealed no paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone. Bone marrow karyotype was normal (46, XY), and aspiration and biopsy revealed a hypocellular marrow (<10%) without cytogenetic abnormalities (Figure 1). A diagnosis of SAA was confirmed.

Figure 1 Bone marrow biopsy: marrow cellularity is low to 10% with a few erythroblasts and bone marrow megakaryocytes(hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200×).
Figure 1

Bone marrow biopsy: marrow cellularity is low to 10% with a few erythroblasts and bone marrow megakaryocytes(hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200×).

The patient was restarted on CSA combined with testosterone undecanoate. After 2 months, red cell and platelet transfusion dependence persisted, and the patient developed intractable epistaxis (nose bleeding). Nasal sinus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a soft tissue mass (Figure 2a). The endoscopic biopsy of the lesion confirmed a diagnosis of NPC (Figure 3). He has no smoking history and no family history of NPC [3]. He has no history of hepatitis B. As severe pancytopenia is a contraindication for tumor therapy, a rescue strategy was designed: initial hematopoietic reconstitution through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), followed by definitive cancer therapy.

Figure 2 MRI scans before and after treatment. (a) The arrow shows a soft tissue mass at the right pharyngeal recess (2021.5.3). (b) The arrow shows that the mass significantly shank at 1 month posttranspantation (2021.7.8). (c) The arrow shows that the mass enlarged again at 1.5 months posttranspantation. (d) The arrow shows that the mass was disappeared at 11.5 months post-transplantation (6 months after immunoradiotherapy).
Figure 2

MRI scans before and after treatment. (a) The arrow shows a soft tissue mass at the right pharyngeal recess (2021.5.3). (b) The arrow shows that the mass significantly shank at 1 month posttranspantation (2021.7.8). (c) The arrow shows that the mass enlarged again at 1.5 months posttranspantation. (d) The arrow shows that the mass was disappeared at 11.5 months post-transplantation (6 months after immunoradiotherapy).

Figure 3 Right nasal cavity mass biopsy. Histology slide confirming NPC (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200×).
Figure 3

Right nasal cavity mass biopsy. Histology slide confirming NPC (hematoxylin and eosin stain, 200×).

A haploidentical donor was arranged for the transplant, but the patient exhibited donor-specific anti-HLA antibody (DSA) positivity (anti-DQB1*06:09, mean fluorescence intensity [MFI] = 11518.4). A desensitization protocol combining plasmapheresis, rituximab, and bortezomib was initiated. Preconditioning consisted of fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day for 5 days, cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg/day, and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin 2.5 mg/kg/day for 4 days. For graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, CSA (target level 150–250 ng/mL), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 0.5 g twice daily), and methotrexate (15 mg/m2 on day +1 and 10 mg/m2 on days +3, +6, and +11) were administered. Stem cells were harvested from bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Neutrophil engraftment (>0.5 × 109/L) was achieved by day +15, and platelet engraftment (>20 × 109/L without transfusion) by day +24. Short tandem repeat testing at day +30 confirmed 97.4% donor chimerism. Remarkably, complete remission of intractable epistaxis was achieved post-transplantation, and slight tumor regression in the nose was observed by MRI (Figure 2b). Two months later, peripheral blood counts improved: WBC 3.6 × 109/L, ANC 2 × 109/L, hemoglobin 80 g/L, and platelets 60 × 109/L. Neither GVHD nor infections were observed. However, the nasal mass showed slight enlargement on MRI (Figure 2c).

Staging according to the International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) Tumor-Node-Metastasis system revealed stage II disease (T2N1M0). The patient then underwent radical radiotherapy: IMRT using 6-MV X-rays was delivered to the gross tumor volume of NPC (GTVnx; 70.4 Gy/32 fractions), gross cervical lymph node metastasis (GTVnd; 66 Gy/32 fractions), and primary clinical target volume (PTV-CTV1; 60 Gy/32 fractions). Nimotuzumab (200 mg/week on weeks 1–3) were successfully administered concurrent with IMRT, based on the immunohistochemistry results that the EGFR expression was positive.

Transient interruptions of radiotherapy occurred due to treatment-related thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, which were managed with platelet transfusions, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. Post-transplantation complications included hypertension and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, secondary to CSA therapy, which was resolved by switching to etanercept and MMF. Eight months post-transplantation, the graft continued to produce red blood cells successfully. The patient remained healthy without GVHD or severe infections. Complete remission of NPC was still maintained at 6 months after immunoradiotherapy and 2.5 years post-transplantation (Figures 2d, 4 and 5).

Figure 4 Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans. The arrow shows that the mass significantly shrank.
Figure 4

Positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans. The arrow shows that the mass significantly shrank.

Figure 5 Timeline of treatment.
Figure 5

Timeline of treatment.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the First affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (No. 2024-KLS-457-01).

3 Discussion

This case highlights the successful management strategy for acquired bone marrow failure syndrome and carcinoma, involving sequential radiotherapy following HSCT.

The diagnosis of SAA in the patient is clear. In previous treatment experience, ATG + CsA or allo-HSCT is preferred for this type of patient. The patient also has NPC, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent nasal bleeding. The median onset time after ATG treatment is at least 4–6 months, which may delay the treatment of NPC.

Idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia is a sporadic, life-threatening disease that is predominantly immune-mediated. IST is the first-line treatment for SAA patients without an HLA-matched sibling donor or those older than 40 years [4]. The standard IST (ATG + CSA) leads to hematologic responses in about two-thirds of patients and provides overall survival rates >80–85% [5,6,7]. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (Tpo-RAs) are considered salvage options for SAA patients unresponsive to IST. In a Phase I/II study, eltrombopag monotherapy achieved an overall hematologic response rate of 40% (17 of 43 patients) in relapsed or refractory SAA [8]. Additional clinical data confirmed that eltrombopag is effective as salvage therapy, with overall response rates ranging from 40 to 50% [9]. Based on these outcomes, a three-drug regimen of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), CSA, and eltrombopag has been employed as frontline therapy. In a prospective study evaluating horse-ATG/CSA combined with eltrombopag, 92 consecutive, initially untreated SAA patients were enrolled and divided into three cohorts: cohort 1 received eltrombopag from day 14 to 6 months; cohort 2 from day 14 to 3 months; and cohort 3 from day 1 to 6 months. Eltrombopag dosing was adjusted by age: 150 mg for patients ≥12 years, 75 mg for patients aged 6–11 years, and 2.5 mg/kg for patients aged 2–5 years. Participants of East or Southeast Asian ethnicity received half the standard dose. The complete and overall response rates surpassed those of previous cohorts, with a 58% complete response rate at 6 months and a 97% 2-year survival rate in cohort 3 [10].

The patient, in this case, was 28 years old and lacked an HLA-matched sibling donor; his elder brother was HLA-haploidentical. Although the combination of ATG/CSA and eltrombopag was appropriate, the patient accepted CSA and testosterone undecanoate therapy, declining ATG and eltrombopag due to economic limitations. CSA was initiated at 4 mg/kg/day, adjusted to a target trough level of 150–250 ng/mL, and testosterone undecanoate was administered at 80 mg twice daily. Unfortunately, NPC was diagnosed 2 months after initiation of SAA therapy.

NPC arises from the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx. In 2018, over 129,000 new NPC cases were reported worldwide, with more than 70% occurring in East and Southeast Asia [11,12]. The global age-standardized incidence rate was 3.0 per 100,000 in China compared to 0.4 per 100,000 in white populations [10]. In 2015, the male-to-female incidence ratio in China was approximately 2.5 [13]. Non-keratinizing NPC, which is closely associated with EBV infection, accounts for more than 95% of cases in China [10]. In this case, the tumor was a non-keratinizing subtype and positive for EBV-encoded small RNAs. The overall 5-year survival rate in the 15–45-year age group is approximately 72% [14]. Given the stage II (T2N1M0) classification, the disease was managed as a locoregional malignancy. Radiotherapy remains the primary curative-intent modality for non-disseminated NPC; however, severe cytopenia prohibited immediate initiation. Following multidisciplinary team consultation, the treatment strategy prioritized rapid hematopoietic recovery through HSCT, followed by definitive carcinoma therapy.

SAA can be treated with either allo-HSCT or IST. Allo-HSCT is considered the preferred treatment for SAA. Although long-term overall survival rates are comparable between patients undergoing IST and allo-HSCT, event-free survival is significantly better among those receiving allo-HSCT [15,16]. Importantly, allo-HSCT offers the advantage of more rapid blood cell count recovery compared to IST. Patients younger than 40 years with SAA and a fully HLA-matched sibling donor are recommended to undergo allo-HSCT as first-line therapy [17]. Fully matched unrelated donor (MUD) HSCT has also been adopted as frontline therapy for patients younger than 20 years [18]. Haploidentical HSCT using novel conditioning regimens overcomes disadvantages, including higher risks of graft rejection, severe GVHD, and reduced survival outcomes. Huang et al. conducted a registry-based multicenter study comparing upfront haploidentical HSCT (n = 89) and matched sibling donor HSCT (n = 69) in SAA. The study reported similar 3-year overall survival (86.1 vs 91.3%, P = 0.358) and failure-free survival (85.0 vs 89.8%, P = 0.413) between the two groups [19]. In China, the probability of finding an appropriate unrelated donor remains low (∼11%), and donor searches typically require 3–6 months [20]. Approximately 40 years ago, Hattori reported that one of two NPC patients remained healthy for 2 years following autologous bone marrow transplantation in unmaintained remission [21]. Considering these factors, haploidentical HSCT was the most rational and feasible choice for this patient.

A major concern before transplantation was the presence of DSA in the patient’s serum [22,23]. Chang et al. reported that among 345 HSCT recipients, 87 (25.2%) were positive for anti-HLA antibodies, including 39 (11.3%) with DSA. The results showed that the cumulative incidence of primary graft failure (PGF) was 6.4 ± 1.3%. DSA with MFI ≥10,000 was strongly associated with PGF (P < 0.001), and DSA MFI ≥2,000 was linked to a significantly higher incidence of graft failure (P = 0.005) [22]. The patient’s DSA MFI exceeded 10,000, indicating a significant risk of graft rejection. Although selecting an alternative donor would have been preferable, none was available. Therefore, desensitization was performed concurrently with conditioning therapy according to the MD Anderson Cancer Center protocol [24]. Successful engraftment for leukocytes and platelets was achieved within 1-month post-transplantation. Intractable epistaxis is a common clinical symptom in NPC. In the treatment of NPC, different treatment plans are formulated according to the different stages of development of NPC and the patient’s own tolerance. Clinically, the principles of early- and long-term, positive and rational, comprehensive treatment and individualized treatment measures are mainly followed, and they are treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical treatment, etc. Tumor immunotherapy may represent a promising therapeutic approach in NPC [11]. Complete remission of epistaxis was observed immediately after conditioning. Furthermore, slight tumor shrinkage was observed on MRI within 2 months following HSCT. However, carcinoma progression was observed 3 months post-transplantation, suggesting a weak graft-versus-tumor effect and/or suppression by post-transplant IST.

Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an independent adverse prognostic factor in NPC [25]. Nimotuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR, has demonstrated good tolerability and may improve radiocurability in unresectable advanced head and neck carcinomas [26]. Several small prospective and multiple retrospective trials have supported its clinical benefit [27]. For example, a retrospective study of 257 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC treated with nimotuzumab (h-R3) plus IMRT, with or without chemotherapy, reported estimated 5-year local recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates of 94.3 and 86.2%, respectively [28]. Another retrospective study suggested that nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy could be a treatment option for stage II NPC patients older than 60 years and intolerant to cisplatin [29]. Although IMRT (II, A) or IMRT combined with chemotherapy (II, B) is the standard recommendation for stage II NPC according to the ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines [2], this patient represented a special case characterized by poor tolerance to radiochemotherapy and a high recurrence risk due to transplantation and prolonged immunosuppression for GVHD control. Therefore, a synchronous treatment regimen with nimotuzumab and IMRT was successfully administered.

4 Conclusion

In 2024, evidence-based guidelines for SAA allo-HSCT were proposed [30]; SAA coexisting with NPC can be successfully managed through sequential HSCT and radiotherapy. Haploidentical HSCT may serve as a feasible and effective alternative when matched sibling donors and MUD are unavailable, even when DSA is positive.

Acknowledgments

Authors thank the patient for consenting to us to publish his case data to write this article.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Author contributions: QY contributed to the conception of the study and wrote, reviewed, and revised the manuscript. XW was responsible for the analysis and interpretation of pathology and preparation of pathological data. YG, YZ, HW, and JX contributed significantly to the analysis and preparation of clinical data.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2025-01-08
Revised: 2025-05-09
Accepted: 2025-05-22
Published Online: 2025-07-11

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  81. Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
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  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
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  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
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  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
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  113. Research progress on the impact of curcumin on immune responses in breast cancer
  114. Biogenic Cu/Ni nanotherapeutics from Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl seeds for the treatment of lung cancer
  115. Dapagliflozin attenuates atrial fibrosis via the HMGB1/RAGE pathway in atrial fibrillation rats
  116. Glycitein alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via ROS-associated PI3K–Akt signalling pathway
  117. ADH5 inhibits proliferation but promotes EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cell through activating Smad2/Smad3
  118. Apoptotic efficacies of AgNPs formulated by Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract on 32D-FLT3-ITD human leukemia cell line with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  119. Novel cuproptosis-related genes C1QBP and PFKP identified as prognostic and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma
  120. Bee venom promotes exosome secretion and alters miRNA cargo in T cells
  121. Treatment of pure red cell aplasia in a chronic kidney disease patient with roxadustat: A case report
  122. Comparative bioinformatics analysis of the Wnt pathway in breast cancer: Selection of novel biomarker panels associated with ER status
  123. Kynurenine facilitates renal cell carcinoma progression by suppressing M2 macrophage pyroptosis through inhibition of CASP1 cleavage
  124. RFX5 promotes the growth, motility, and inhibits apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells through the SIRT1/AMPK axis
  125. ALKBH5 exacerbates early cardiac damage after radiotherapy for breast cancer via m6A demethylation of TLR4
  126. Phytochemicals of Roman chamomile: Antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening activities of distillation residues
  127. Circadian gene Cry1 inhibits the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma by the BAX/BCL2-mediated apoptosis pathway
  128. The TNFR-RIPK1/RIPK3 signalling pathway mediates the effect of lanthanum on necroptosis of nerve cells
  129. Longitudinal monitoring of autoantibody dynamics in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing surgery
  130. The potential role of rutin, a flavonoid, in the management of cancer through modulation of cell signaling pathways
  131. Construction of pectinase gene engineering microbe and its application in tobacco sheets
  132. Construction of a microbial abundance prognostic scoring model based on intratumoral microbial data for predicting the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma
  133. Sepsis complicated by haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human herpesvirus 8 in an immunocompromised elderly patient: A case report
  134. Sarcopenia in liver transplantation: A comprehensive bibliometric study of current research trends and future directions
  135. Advances in cancer immunotherapy and future directions in personalized medicine
  136. Can coronavirus disease 2019 affect male fertility or cause spontaneous abortion? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
  137. Heat stroke associated with novel leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor gene variant in a Chinese infant
  138. PSME2 exacerbates ulcerative colitis by disrupting intestinal barrier function and promoting autophagy-dependent inflammation
  139. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state with severe hypernatremia coexisting with central diabetes insipidus: A case report and literature review
  140. Efficacy and mechanism of escin in improving the tissue microenvironment of blood vessel walls via anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects: Implications for clinical practice
  141. Merkel cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of three patients and literature review
  142. Genetic variants in VWF exon 26 and their implications for type 1 Von Willebrand disease in a Saudi Arabian population
  143. Lipoxin A4 improves myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the Notch1-Nrf2 signaling pathway
  144. High levels of EPHB2 expression predict a poor prognosis and promote tumor progression in endometrial cancer
  145. Knockdown of SHP-2 delays renal tubular epithelial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis
  146. Exploring the toxicity mechanisms and detoxification methods of Rhizoma Paridis
  147. Concomitant gastric carcinoma and primary hepatic angiosarcoma in a patient: A case report
  148. Ecology and Environmental Science
  149. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  150. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  151. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  152. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  153. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  154. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  155. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  156. Fungal and bacterial pathogenic co-infections mainly lead to the assembly of microbial community in tobacco stems
  157. Influencing of coal industry related airborne particulate matter on ocular surface tear film injury and inflammatory factor expression in Sprague-Dawley rats
  158. Temperature-dependent development, predation, and life table of Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson) (Diptera: Syrphidae) feeding on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
  159. Eleonora’s falcon trophic interactions with insects within its breeding range: A systematic review
  160. Agriculture
  161. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  162. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  163. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  164. Molecular mechanism of follicular development in laying hens based on the regulation of water metabolism
  165. Animal Science
  166. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
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  168. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
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  171. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
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  173. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  174. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  175. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  176. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  177. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  178. Using plant electrical signals of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for water pollution monitoring
  179. Food Science
  180. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  181. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  182. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
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  184. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  185. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  186. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  187. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  188. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  189. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  190. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  191. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  192. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  193. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  194. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  195. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  196. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  197. Corrigendum
  198. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
  199. Corrigendum to “Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans”
  200. Retraction
  201. Retraction of “Down-regulation of miR-539 indicates poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1134
Keywords for this article
severe aplastic anemia; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; nimotuzumab; radiotherapy
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

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  49. Sodium butyrate aids brain injury repair in neonatal rats
  50. Interaction of MTHFR polymorphism with PAX1 methylation in cervical cancer
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  52. The effect of the PKR inhibitor, 2-aminopurine, on the replication of influenza A virus, and segment 8 mRNA splicing
  53. Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans
  54. Small cell lung cancer with small intestinal metastasis: Case report and literature review
  55. GRB14: A prognostic biomarker driving tumor progression in gastric cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with COBLL1
  56. 15-Lipoxygenase-2 deficiency induces foam cell formation that can be restored by salidroside through the inhibition of arachidonic acid effects
  57. FTO alleviated the diabetic nephropathy progression by regulating the N6-methyladenosine levels of DACT1
  58. Clinical relevance of inflammatory markers in the evaluation of severity of ulcerative colitis: A retrospective study
  59. Zinc valproic acid complex promotes osteoblast differentiation and exhibits anti-osteoporotic potential
  60. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in the bronchial cavity: A case report
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid improves the detection of pulmonary infection
  62. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report
  63. Genomic analysis of a novel ST11(PR34365) Clostridioides difficile strain isolated from the human fecal of a CDI patient in Guizhou, China
  64. Effects of tiered cardiac rehabilitation on CRP, TNF-α, and physical endurance in older adults with coronary heart disease
  65. Changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with colorectal cancer before and after acupoint catgut embedding acupuncture observation
  66. Modulating the tumor microenvironment: The role of traditional Chinese medicine in improving lung cancer treatment
  67. Alterations of metabolites related to microbiota–gut–brain axis in plasma of colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer patients
  68. Research on individualized drug sensitivity detection technology based on bio-3D printing technology for precision treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  69. CEBPB promotes ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by stimulating tumor growth and activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway
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  71. A de novo meningioma with rapid growth: A possible malignancy imposter?
  72. Diagnosis of secondary tuberculosis infection in an asymptomatic elderly with cancer using next-generation sequencing: Case report
  73. Hesperidin and its zinc(ii) complex enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
  74. Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines
  75. Anti-arthritic, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory regulation by the benzimidazole derivative BMZ-AD: Insights from an FCA-induced rat model
  76. Immunoassay for pyruvate kinase M1/2 as an Alzheimer’s biomarker in CSF
  77. The role of HDAC11 in age-related hearing loss: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
  78. Evaluation and application analysis of animal models of PIPNP based on data mining
  79. Therapeutic approaches for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by targeting pyroptosis
  80. Fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ruellia tuberosa leaf extract induces apoptosis through P53 and STAT3 signalling pathways in prostate cancer cells
  81. Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
  82. Modulation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway by Erianin: A novel approach to reduce psoriasiform inflammation and inflammatory signaling
  83. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and clinical pathological features in breast cancer patients
  84. Innovations in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Bridging modern diagnostics and historical insights
  85. BAP1 complexes with YY1 and RBBP7 and its downstream targets in ccRCC cells
  86. Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
  87. Electroacupuncture alleviates sciatic nerve injury in sciatica rats by regulating BDNF and NGF levels, myelin sheath degradation, and autophagy
  88. Polydatin prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating cholesterol metabolism via PPAR-γ signaling
  89. RNF144A and RNF144B: Important molecules for health
  90. Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in the healthy population
  91. Artesunate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through OGA-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ZEB1
  92. Endovascular management of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report and review of the literature
  93. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis
  94. SATB2 promotes humeral fracture healing in rats by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
  96. Understanding risk factors and prognosis in diabetic foot ulcers
  97. Atractylenolide I alleviates the experimental allergic response in mice by suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signalling
  98. FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells
  99. Immune molecule diagnostics in colorectal cancer: CCL2 and CXCL11
  100. Inhibiting CXCR6 promotes senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells with limited proinflammatory SASP to attenuate hepatic fibrosis
  101. Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents
  102. Pulmonary cryptococcosis with headache as the first presentation: A case report
  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
  104. RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization
  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
  106. The NuA4/TIP60 histone-modifying complex and Hr78 modulate the Lobe2 mutant eye phenotype
  107. Experimental study on salmon demineralized bone matrix loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: In vitro and in vivo study
  108. A case of IgA nephropathy treated with a combination of telitacicept and half-dose glucocorticoids
  109. Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich Moroccan Cannabis sativa L. (Khardala variety) extract: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico study
  110. Wound healing and signaling pathways
  111. Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study
  112. To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome
  113. Research progress on the impact of curcumin on immune responses in breast cancer
  114. Biogenic Cu/Ni nanotherapeutics from Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl seeds for the treatment of lung cancer
  115. Dapagliflozin attenuates atrial fibrosis via the HMGB1/RAGE pathway in atrial fibrillation rats
  116. Glycitein alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via ROS-associated PI3K–Akt signalling pathway
  117. ADH5 inhibits proliferation but promotes EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cell through activating Smad2/Smad3
  118. Apoptotic efficacies of AgNPs formulated by Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract on 32D-FLT3-ITD human leukemia cell line with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  119. Novel cuproptosis-related genes C1QBP and PFKP identified as prognostic and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma
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  121. Treatment of pure red cell aplasia in a chronic kidney disease patient with roxadustat: A case report
  122. Comparative bioinformatics analysis of the Wnt pathway in breast cancer: Selection of novel biomarker panels associated with ER status
  123. Kynurenine facilitates renal cell carcinoma progression by suppressing M2 macrophage pyroptosis through inhibition of CASP1 cleavage
  124. RFX5 promotes the growth, motility, and inhibits apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells through the SIRT1/AMPK axis
  125. ALKBH5 exacerbates early cardiac damage after radiotherapy for breast cancer via m6A demethylation of TLR4
  126. Phytochemicals of Roman chamomile: Antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening activities of distillation residues
  127. Circadian gene Cry1 inhibits the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma by the BAX/BCL2-mediated apoptosis pathway
  128. The TNFR-RIPK1/RIPK3 signalling pathway mediates the effect of lanthanum on necroptosis of nerve cells
  129. Longitudinal monitoring of autoantibody dynamics in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing surgery
  130. The potential role of rutin, a flavonoid, in the management of cancer through modulation of cell signaling pathways
  131. Construction of pectinase gene engineering microbe and its application in tobacco sheets
  132. Construction of a microbial abundance prognostic scoring model based on intratumoral microbial data for predicting the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma
  133. Sepsis complicated by haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human herpesvirus 8 in an immunocompromised elderly patient: A case report
  134. Sarcopenia in liver transplantation: A comprehensive bibliometric study of current research trends and future directions
  135. Advances in cancer immunotherapy and future directions in personalized medicine
  136. Can coronavirus disease 2019 affect male fertility or cause spontaneous abortion? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
  137. Heat stroke associated with novel leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor gene variant in a Chinese infant
  138. PSME2 exacerbates ulcerative colitis by disrupting intestinal barrier function and promoting autophagy-dependent inflammation
  139. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state with severe hypernatremia coexisting with central diabetes insipidus: A case report and literature review
  140. Efficacy and mechanism of escin in improving the tissue microenvironment of blood vessel walls via anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects: Implications for clinical practice
  141. Merkel cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of three patients and literature review
  142. Genetic variants in VWF exon 26 and their implications for type 1 Von Willebrand disease in a Saudi Arabian population
  143. Lipoxin A4 improves myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the Notch1-Nrf2 signaling pathway
  144. High levels of EPHB2 expression predict a poor prognosis and promote tumor progression in endometrial cancer
  145. Knockdown of SHP-2 delays renal tubular epithelial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis
  146. Exploring the toxicity mechanisms and detoxification methods of Rhizoma Paridis
  147. Concomitant gastric carcinoma and primary hepatic angiosarcoma in a patient: A case report
  148. Ecology and Environmental Science
  149. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  150. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  151. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  152. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  153. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  154. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  155. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  156. Fungal and bacterial pathogenic co-infections mainly lead to the assembly of microbial community in tobacco stems
  157. Influencing of coal industry related airborne particulate matter on ocular surface tear film injury and inflammatory factor expression in Sprague-Dawley rats
  158. Temperature-dependent development, predation, and life table of Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson) (Diptera: Syrphidae) feeding on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
  159. Eleonora’s falcon trophic interactions with insects within its breeding range: A systematic review
  160. Agriculture
  161. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  162. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  163. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  164. Molecular mechanism of follicular development in laying hens based on the regulation of water metabolism
  165. Animal Science
  166. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  167. Plant Sciences
  168. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  169. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  170. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  171. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  172. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  173. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  174. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  175. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  176. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  177. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  178. Using plant electrical signals of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for water pollution monitoring
  179. Food Science
  180. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  181. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  182. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  183. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  184. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  185. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  186. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  187. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  188. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  189. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  190. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  191. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  192. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  193. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  194. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  195. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  196. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  197. Corrigendum
  198. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
  199. Corrigendum to “Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans”
  200. Retraction
  201. Retraction of “Down-regulation of miR-539 indicates poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer”
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