Home Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency
Article Open Access

Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency

  • Yaguang Han , Yang Dai , Kexin Wang , Xin Zhang , Zishen Shao and Xiaolin Zhu EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: January 28, 2025
Download Article (PDF)
Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This overview examines the possible interactions between COVID-19 and POI, while also suggesting preventive measures. The viral infection’s inflammatory response and immune dysregulation may adversely affect ovarian tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. Additionally, alterations in vascular function could impair ovarian blood flow and hormonal imbalances may disrupt normal ovarian function. Long-term health effects, such as “long COVID,” may exacerbate these issues through chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction. Public health measures, such as vaccination and home isolation, may indirectly protect ovarian health by reducing systemic inflammation. Vaccines could mitigate the severity of COVID-19’s impact on ovarian function, while isolation may reduce stress and inflammation. However, further research is needed to validate these mechanisms.

Keywords: COVID-19; premature ovarian insufficiency; immune dysregulation; clinical prevention; public health

1 Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a significant impact on global health. Extensive research has been conducted to examine its effects on various organs. However, its potential impact on reproductive health, particularly ovarian function and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), remains inadequately explored. POI, characterized by the cessation of normal ovarian activity before the age of 40, can lead to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and an increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease [1].

COVID-19 triggers robust inflammatory and immune responses, which may directly and indirectly affect ovarian health [2]. Systemic inflammation associated with COVID-19 involves a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, known as a cytokine storm [3]. This heightened inflammatory state can extend to various organs, including the ovaries, potentially leading to tissue damage [4]. Ovarian tissues are sensitive to inflammatory insults, which can disrupt the delicate processes of folliculogenesis – the development and maturation of ovarian follicles necessary for ovulation [5]. Prolonged inflammation could result in a reduction of the ovarian reserve, the number of viable eggs within the ovaries, ultimately impairing overall ovarian function [6]. The immune dysregulation caused by COVID-19 may further complicate ovarian health [7]. The virus can disrupt the balance of the immune system, occasionally triggering autoimmune reactions. Autoimmune oophoritis, where the immune system mistakenly attacks ovarian tissue, is a recognized cause of POI. In the context of COVID-19, the hyperactivity of the immune system may similarly target ovarian tissues, leading to inflammation, follicular destruction, and compromised ovarian function [7].

Additionally, vascular complications associated with COVID-19, such as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis, could disrupt blood flow to the ovaries [8]. The endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels, can be severely affected by the virus, leading to dysfunction and an increased risk of clot formation [9]. Adequate blood flow is crucial for delivering oxygen and nutrients to ovarian tissues [10]. Any impairment in vascular function could result in hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, further compromising ovarian health and function.

Endocrine disruptions linked to COVID-19 might also affect ovarian hormone regulation [11]. The hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, which regulates reproductive hormones, can be influenced by systemic diseases like COVID-19 [12,13]. Disruptions in this axis may alter the secretion of hormones such as gonadotropins (LH and FSH), estradiol, and progesterone, all of which are essential for regular menstrual cycles and ovarian function. These hormonal imbalances can lead to menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and a reduced ovarian reserve, thereby affecting fertility [14].

The phenomenon of “long COVID,” characterized by persistent symptoms and chronic inflammation, poses additional risks to ovarian health [15]. Long-term inflammation and immune dysregulation can create an environment of continuous stress on ovarian tissues. Chronic exposure to inflammatory cytokines and immune cells can lead to sustained ovarian damage, fibrosis, and even premature ovarian failure [16]. Long COVID may also exacerbate endocrine dysfunctions, further disrupting the HPO axis and ovarian hormone regulation, potentially leading to lasting damage to ovarian function. Public health measures, including vaccination campaigns and social distancing policies, may indirectly influence ovarian health [17]. Vaccination can mitigate systemic inflammation, while social distancing can reduce stress-related impacts on reproductive health [18]. However, these interventions must be balanced to protect both overall and reproductive health effectively.

Despite these considerations, the relationship between COVID-19 and POI remains speculative due to the limited direct evidence available. Comprehensive research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which COVID-19 may affect ovarian function and to develop strategies to mitigate these effects. This review seeks to synthesize current knowledge regarding the potential interactions between COVID-19 and ovarian function, highlighting the necessity for further investigation to guide clinical practices and safeguard women’s reproductive health during and after the pandemic.

2 Impact of COVID-19-induced inflammation on ovarian health and POI

Following COVID-19 infection, the body initiates a cascade of inflammatory and immune responses, including the release of cytokines, leading to what is referred to as a “cytokine storm.” This systemic inflammatory response may have both direct and indirect effects on ovarian health [19]. First, inflammatory mediators may indirectly affect ovarian tissue through the bloodstream, initiating inflammatory responses that result in subsequent damage to the ovarian tissue [20]. The ovaries, being metabolically active organs, are particularly sensitive to tissue inflammation, which can lead to abnormal follicle development and depletion, thereby affecting ovarian reserve and function. Second, COVID-19-induced immune dysregulation may exacerbate this process. The virus can disrupt immune system balance, potentially triggering autoimmune reactions [21]. Autoimmune ovarian inflammation is a recognized cause of POI, in which the immune system erroneously targets ovarian tissue as though it were a foreign invader [22]. In the context of COVID-19 infection, the overactivity of the immune system may similarly lead to inflammation and damage to ovarian tissue [23].

Interventions targeting these mechanisms can be implemented through various approaches. First, controlling and alleviating systemic inflammation is crucial. By reducing the severity of the cytokine storm, direct damage to ovarian tissue caused by inflammation can be minimized. Anti-inflammatory drugs may provide a potential solution, although their use during pregnancy necessitates careful consideration [24]. Regulating the activity of the immune system is also important [25]. Modulating the immune response following viral infection to prevent overactivation may help mitigate the development of autoimmune ovarian inflammation. Ensuring an adequate blood supply to ovarian tissue is also crucial. By preserving vascular function and preventing clot formation, sufficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the ovaries can be maintained, thereby minimizing tissue damage.

The inflammatory and immune responses triggered by COVID-19 involve various cytokines and immune cells, including but not limited to interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) [26–29]. IL-6, as a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, may trigger inflammatory responses in ovarian tissue [30]. TNF-α’s excessive release may lead to cell damage and tissue inflammation, affecting ovarian health [31]. Aberrant expression of IL-1β may result in tissue inflammation and damage, further impacting ovarian tissue [32]. Additionally, other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, and the anti-viral cytokine IFN-γ, may also influence ovarian health through different pathways [33]. The excessive release of these cytokines can lead to cell and tissue damage in the ovaries, potentially inducing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Additionally, they may affect ovarian vascular permeability and stability, resulting in vascular damage, blood flow obstruction, and, consequently, impairing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to ovarian tissue. Controlling these cytokines may involve the use of specific inhibitors or antagonists targeting them. For instance, drugs such as IL-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab), TNF-α antagonists (infliximab), and IL-1β inhibitors (anakinra) may be used to alleviate inflammation and protect tissue health [34,35]. Figure 1 shows the impact of Covid-19 on the ovarian immune microenvironment.

Figure 1 Effects of COVID-19 on the ovarian immune microenvironment. When COVID-19 infection occurs, the body triggers a cascade of inflammatory and immune responses, including a “cytokine storm,” which can directly and indirectly impact ovarian health. Inflammatory mediators may reach ovarian tissue through the bloodstream, causing damage due to inflammation. The highly metabolically active ovaries are sensitive to such inflammation, potentially leading to abnormal follicle development and decreased ovarian reserve. Additionally, COVID-19-induced immune dysregulation can exacerbate this process, potentially leading to autoimmune ovarian inflammation, a known cause of POI. To mitigate these effects, interventions may focus on controlling systemic inflammation, regulating immune activity, and maintaining good blood supply to ovarian tissue. Various cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, among others, play roles in the inflammatory response and can affect ovarian health by causing tissue damage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and vascular issues. Specific inhibitors or antagonists targeting these cytokines, such as IL-6 inhibitors (e.g., tocilizumab), TNF-α antagonists (e.g., infliximab), and IL-1β inhibitors (e.g., anakinra), may be utilized to reduce inflammation and protect ovarian tissue.
Figure 1

Effects of COVID-19 on the ovarian immune microenvironment. When COVID-19 infection occurs, the body triggers a cascade of inflammatory and immune responses, including a “cytokine storm,” which can directly and indirectly impact ovarian health. Inflammatory mediators may reach ovarian tissue through the bloodstream, causing damage due to inflammation. The highly metabolically active ovaries are sensitive to such inflammation, potentially leading to abnormal follicle development and decreased ovarian reserve. Additionally, COVID-19-induced immune dysregulation can exacerbate this process, potentially leading to autoimmune ovarian inflammation, a known cause of POI. To mitigate these effects, interventions may focus on controlling systemic inflammation, regulating immune activity, and maintaining good blood supply to ovarian tissue. Various cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, among others, play roles in the inflammatory response and can affect ovarian health by causing tissue damage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and vascular issues. Specific inhibitors or antagonists targeting these cytokines, such as IL-6 inhibitors (e.g., tocilizumab), TNF-α antagonists (e.g., infliximab), and IL-1β inhibitors (e.g., anakinra), may be utilized to reduce inflammation and protect ovarian tissue.

3 Understanding the vascular impact of COVID-19 on ovarian health and POI

In addition to triggering inflammation and immune responses, COVID-19 infection may also lead to various vascular complications. The virus can induce thrombosis and vascular dysfunction, which may adversely affect ovarian health. A significant association exists between COVID-19 infection and thrombosis, with some patients developing abnormal blood clot formation, leading to thrombotic complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) [36,37]. Thrombus formation could lead to insufficient blood supply to the ovaries. As highly metabolically active organs, the ovaries require an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to maintain their function [38]. Insufficient vascular supply may damage ovarian tissue, impairing follicular development and growth, ultimately leading to ovarian dysfunction. Furthermore, COVID-19 may induce vascular dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated that COVID-19 infection can cause endothelial cell damage and vascular dysfunction. Endothelial cells, which are critical components of the vascular wall, play a vital role in maintaining vascular function and blood circulation [39]. Endothelial cell damage triggered by COVID-19 may lead to abnormalities in vascular tone regulation, increased vascular permeability, and consequently affect ovarian blood supply and nutrient delivery [40]. These vascular complications could directly affect ovarian health and function. Thrombus formation and vascular dysfunction may lead to ovarian tissue ischemia and hypoxia, disrupting cellular metabolism and function within the ovaries [41].

In addition to affecting ovarian blood supply, these vascular complications may exacerbate ovarian dysfunction by disrupting hormonal balance within the ovaries. Endothelial cells not only regulate vascular tone and permeability but also play a role in the synthesis and release of hormones. Therefore, COVID-19-induced vascular damage may impair hormonal balance in the ovaries, further compromising reproductive function.

Consequently, preventing and treating vascular complications is essential for protecting ovarian function. This includes regular monitoring of patients’ coagulation status, careful attention to vascular function, and the implementation of measures to prevent thrombosis. Moreover, actively managing underlying conditions in COVID-19 patients, such as hypertension and diabetes, may help reduce the incidence of vascular complications. The influence of COVID-19-induced ovarian vascular complications is depicted in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Impact of COVID-19-induced vascular complications on ovarian health. COVID-19 infection can lead to vascular complications, including thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction, which adversely affect ovarian health. The virus may induce abnormal blood clot formation, resulting in thrombotic events like DVT and PE, potentially leading to insufficient blood supply to the ovaries. As highly metabolically active organs, the ovaries require a robust blood flow for optimal function. Reduced vascular supply can damage ovarian tissue, impair follicular development, and cause ovarian dysfunction. Additionally, COVID-19 may cause endothelial cell damage, disrupting vascular tone regulation and increasing vascular permeability, thereby compromising ovarian blood supply and nutrient delivery. These vascular issues can result in ovarian tissue ischemia, hypoxia, and long-term consequences such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Vascular complications may also affect hormonal balance within the ovaries, further impacting reproductive function. Preventive measures, including monitoring coagulation function, managing underlying conditions, and preventing thrombosis, are essential for protecting ovarian health.
Figure 2

Impact of COVID-19-induced vascular complications on ovarian health. COVID-19 infection can lead to vascular complications, including thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction, which adversely affect ovarian health. The virus may induce abnormal blood clot formation, resulting in thrombotic events like DVT and PE, potentially leading to insufficient blood supply to the ovaries. As highly metabolically active organs, the ovaries require a robust blood flow for optimal function. Reduced vascular supply can damage ovarian tissue, impair follicular development, and cause ovarian dysfunction. Additionally, COVID-19 may cause endothelial cell damage, disrupting vascular tone regulation and increasing vascular permeability, thereby compromising ovarian blood supply and nutrient delivery. These vascular issues can result in ovarian tissue ischemia, hypoxia, and long-term consequences such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Vascular complications may also affect hormonal balance within the ovaries, further impacting reproductive function. Preventive measures, including monitoring coagulation function, managing underlying conditions, and preventing thrombosis, are essential for protecting ovarian health.

4 Interplay of COVID-19, endocrine dysregulation, and POI

COVID-19 is closely associated with endocrine dysregulation [42], potentially exerting adverse effects on ovarian function and consequently leading to POI. Endocrine dysregulation is a significant factor contributing to POI, potentially induced by the inflammatory and immune responses triggered by COVID-19, as well as its direct impact on the HPO axis [43].

COVID-19 infection may primarily trigger systemic inflammation and immune responses, which could directly impact the function of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thereby disrupting the normal regulation of the HPO axis [43]. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland act as central regulators of the endocrine system, and any dysfunction in these structures may result in irregular hormone levels, thereby impacting ovarian function [44]. This inflammation-induced endocrine dysregulation may intensify inflammatory responses in ovarian tissue, further compromising ovarian function. Moreover, the inflammatory and immune responses triggered by COVID-19 may directly damage ovarian tissue, impairing its sensitivity and responsiveness to hormones [45]. The ovaries, being highly metabolically active organs, are particularly sensitive to inflammation. Inflammatory states can interfere with follicular development and reduce ovarian reserve and function. These inflammatory mediators may directly impact ovarian tissue via the bloodstream, thereby exacerbating ovarian dysfunction [46].

The prolonged presence of COVID-19 further heightens the risk to ovarian health. Persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation may contribute to ongoing ovarian damage and premature ovarian failure. In this context, the ovaries may be subjected to prolonged inflammatory effects, leading to structural and functional impairment. Chronic immune dysregulation could exacerbate this process, increasing the ovaries’ vulnerability to damage and disrupting their normal physiological functions [47]. Such prolonged damage and dysfunction could have irreversible effects on reproductive capacity, potentially leading to reduced fertility or even complete infertility. Additionally, long-term COVID-19 may exacerbate endocrine imbalances, further compromising ovarian function. Instability within the endocrine system can cause abnormal fluctuations in hormone levels, disrupting normal ovarian processes such as follicular development and ovulation.

Consequently, the endocrine dysregulation induced by COVID-19 may accelerate the onset of POI. This dysregulation may manifest as irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, and reduced ovarian reserve, ultimately resulting in the premature decline of ovarian function. As ovarian function declines, fertility may diminish, menstrual cycles may become irregular or cease altogether, with significant implications for women’s reproductive health. Figure 3 illustrates the impact of COVID-19-related ovarian dysregulation.

Figure 3 Impact of COVID-19-induced endocrine dysregulation on ovarian function. COVID-19 is associated with endocrine dysregulation, which can adversely affect ovarian function and potentially lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The infection may induce systemic inflammation and immune responses, disrupting the HPO axis and affecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, key regulators of the endocrine system. This disruption can lead to irregular hormone levels, further impacting ovarian function. Inflammatory responses triggered by COVID-19 can also directly damage ovarian tissue, affecting its sensitivity to hormones and impairing follicular development. Prolonged COVID-19 infection exacerbates these effects, potentially resulting in sustained ovarian damage, structural and functional impairment, and premature ovarian failure. Persistent immune dysregulation may increase susceptibility to ovarian damage, leading to decreased fertility, irregular menstrual cycles, and reduced ovarian reserve. The cumulative impact of these factors underscores the significant implications of endocrine dysregulation on women’s reproductive health.
Figure 3

Impact of COVID-19-induced endocrine dysregulation on ovarian function. COVID-19 is associated with endocrine dysregulation, which can adversely affect ovarian function and potentially lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The infection may induce systemic inflammation and immune responses, disrupting the HPO axis and affecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, key regulators of the endocrine system. This disruption can lead to irregular hormone levels, further impacting ovarian function. Inflammatory responses triggered by COVID-19 can also directly damage ovarian tissue, affecting its sensitivity to hormones and impairing follicular development. Prolonged COVID-19 infection exacerbates these effects, potentially resulting in sustained ovarian damage, structural and functional impairment, and premature ovarian failure. Persistent immune dysregulation may increase susceptibility to ovarian damage, leading to decreased fertility, irregular menstrual cycles, and reduced ovarian reserve. The cumulative impact of these factors underscores the significant implications of endocrine dysregulation on women’s reproductive health.

5 Interplay between COVID-19 public health measures and ovarian health

Public health initiatives designed to curb the transmission of COVID-19, including extensive vaccination campaigns and social isolation policies, carry implications for ovarian health [11]. Vaccination against COVID-19 has emerged as a crucial strategy in combating the pandemic. Studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccines not only prevent severe illness and mortality but also alleviate the overall burden of the disease. By reducing the severity of COVID-19 infections, vaccines may indirectly contribute to the preservation of ovarian health [48]. COVID-19 is known to induce systemic inflammation, which can adversely affect ovarian function. Vaccination, by reducing the severity of the disease and mitigating inflammatory responses, may help protect ovarian function and reduce the risk of conditions such as POI. However, while vaccines may offer protective benefits, the potential negative effects on ovarian health warrant further investigation [49]. For instance, some individuals may experience transient side effects following vaccination, such as fever, fatigue, or muscle pain. While these side effects are typically mild and short-lived, their potential impact on ovarian function has not been extensively studied [50]. Additionally, there may be concerns about the long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccines on reproductive health, including ovarian function, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes [51].

Conversely, while long-term social isolation measures are essential for controlling viral transmission, they may have unintended consequences on reproductive health, including ovarian function. Prolonged periods of social isolation can lead to heightened psychological stress, disruptions in daily routines, altered sleep patterns, and changes in lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity [52]. These stressors and lifestyle changes have the potential to disrupt hormonal balance and adversely affect ovarian function. Chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the HPO axis, resulting in disturbances in menstrual cycles, ovulation, and overall ovarian function [13]. Additionally, changes in lifestyle habits during periods of isolation, such as increased sedentary behavior and poor dietary choices, may further exacerbate the risk of reproductive health issues.

Striking a balance between mitigating viral transmission and safeguarding reproductive health presents a significant challenge for public health authorities. Strategies designed to promote overall health and well-being, including mental health support, access to nutritional resources, and opportunities for physical activity, are critical in alleviating the potential negative effects of social isolation on ovarian health. Moreover, continuous research and monitoring are essential to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on ovarian function and to implement targeted interventions addressing any identified risks or concerns. Figure 4 illustrates the effects of COVID-19 public health measures on ovarian health.

Figure 4 Impact of public health measures on ovarian health. Public health initiatives to control COVID-19, such as extensive vaccination campaigns and social isolation measures, have implications for ovarian health. Vaccination against COVID-19 plays a crucial role in reducing severe illness and disease burden. By minimizing the severity of infections and associated systemic inflammation, vaccines may indirectly protect ovarian function and reduce the risk of conditions like premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, potential short-term side effects of vaccination, such as fever and fatigue, and long-term impacts on reproductive health remain under investigation. Additionally, prolonged social isolation, while crucial for reducing viral transmission, can lead to increased psychological stress, lifestyle changes, and disruptions in hormonal balance, which may adversely affect ovarian function. Chronic stress and altered lifestyle habits during isolation can disrupt the HPO axis, impacting menstrual cycles and ovarian health. Balancing the need to control the virus with protecting reproductive health requires comprehensive strategies, including mental health support, nutritional resources, and physical activity. Ongoing research is essential to understand the full impact of these public health measures on ovarian health and to develop interventions to address any potential risks.
Figure 4

Impact of public health measures on ovarian health. Public health initiatives to control COVID-19, such as extensive vaccination campaigns and social isolation measures, have implications for ovarian health. Vaccination against COVID-19 plays a crucial role in reducing severe illness and disease burden. By minimizing the severity of infections and associated systemic inflammation, vaccines may indirectly protect ovarian function and reduce the risk of conditions like premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, potential short-term side effects of vaccination, such as fever and fatigue, and long-term impacts on reproductive health remain under investigation. Additionally, prolonged social isolation, while crucial for reducing viral transmission, can lead to increased psychological stress, lifestyle changes, and disruptions in hormonal balance, which may adversely affect ovarian function. Chronic stress and altered lifestyle habits during isolation can disrupt the HPO axis, impacting menstrual cycles and ovarian health. Balancing the need to control the virus with protecting reproductive health requires comprehensive strategies, including mental health support, nutritional resources, and physical activity. Ongoing research is essential to understand the full impact of these public health measures on ovarian health and to develop interventions to address any potential risks.

6 Discussion

While elucidating the complex relationship between COVID-19 and ovarian health underscores the potential risks to women’s reproductive well-being, it is crucial to explore proactive measures to mitigate these effects. Gaining an understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which COVID-19 impacts ovarian function provides a foundation for developing targeted interventions aimed at preserving reproductive health amidst the challenges posed by the pandemic.

A key approach for intervention involves modulating the inflammatory response triggered by COVID-19 [53]. Given the pivotal role of systemic inflammation in causing ovarian damage, strategies aimed at attenuating the severity of the cytokine storm merit careful consideration. Although the use of anti-inflammatory agents during pregnancy requires thorough evaluation, they may offer potential in mitigating the detrimental effects of inflammation on ovarian tissue [54]. Furthermore, immune modulation offers a promising strategy for mitigating autoimmune reactions that could contribute to ovarian inflammation and dysfunction. When carefully managed under the supervision of healthcare professionals, immunosuppressive therapies may alleviate immune-mediated ovarian pathology.

Maintaining vascular integrity is another critical aspect of safeguarding ovarian health in the context of COVID-19-induced vascular complications. Diligent monitoring of coagulation parameters, along with close attention to vascular function, can help prevent thrombotic events that may compromise ovarian blood supply [55]. Furthermore, the proactive management of comorbidities that increase susceptibility to vascular dysfunction, such as hypertension and diabetes, is essential for reducing the incidence of vascular complications and mitigating their impact on ovarian function.

Addressing endocrine dysregulation induced by COVID-19 necessitates targeted interventions to restore hormonal balance within the ovaries. Strategies to address disruptions in the HPO axis may include pharmacological treatments specifically designed to correct hormonal imbalances [12]. Furthermore, lifestyle modifications that support hormonal balance – such as implementing stress management techniques, maintaining a balanced diet, and adhering to a regular exercise regimen – can serve as valuable complements to pharmacological treatments in the restoration of ovarian function.

Vaccination campaigns and social distancing policies must be carefully calibrated to achieve effective viral containment while safeguarding reproductive health. COVID-19 vaccination demonstrates potential in reducing systemic inflammation and lowering the risk of ovarian pathology. Nevertheless, ongoing surveillance is critical to detect and address any potential adverse effects of vaccination on ovarian health, necessitating close collaboration between public health authorities and reproductive health specialists.

Conversely, prolonged social isolation measures underscore the need for proactive strategies to mitigate their potential impact on ovarian health. Offering mental health support, access to nutritional resources, and opportunities for physical activity can help address the stressors associated with social isolation, thereby minimizing its detrimental effects on reproductive health [56]. Furthermore, implementing targeted interventions aimed at restoring hormonal balance and addressing lifestyle factors disrupted by social isolation may play a critical role in supporting ovarian health during the challenges posed by pandemic containment measures.

In conclusion, addressing the multifaceted relationship between COVID-19 and ovarian health necessitates a comprehensive approach. This includes the development of targeted strategies to mitigate the underlying mechanisms by which COVID-19 impacts ovarian function. Leveraging insights into the interplay between COVID-19 and ovarian health enables healthcare professionals to design proactive measures to safeguard reproductive health amidst the unprecedented challenges of the pandemic.

Acknowledgements

Figures were created with Biorender.com.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (JJ2023LH0081 and LH2023H060) and Heilongjiang Province Higher Education Teaching Reform Project (SJGY20220383).

  2. Author contributions: Yaguang Han: conceptualization, methodology, data collection, writing original draft, writing review & editing; Yang Dai: conceptualization, literature review, writing original draft, writing review & editing; Kexin Wang: data collection, writing original draft, writing review & editing; Xin Zhang: data analysis, writing review & editing; Zishen Shao: literature review, writing review & editing; Xiaolin Zhu: supervision, validation, writing review & editing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

References

[1] Ishizuka B. Current understanding of the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment options in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:626924.10.3389/fendo.2021.626924Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[2] Saadedine M, El Sabeh M, Borahay MA, Daoud G. The influence of COVID-19 infection-associated immune response on the female reproductive systemdagger. Biol Reprod. 2023;108(2):172–82.10.1093/biolre/ioac187Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[3] Hu B, Huang S, Yin L. The cytokine storm and COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):250–6.10.1002/jmv.26232Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[4] Chen L, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, et al. Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget. 2018;9(6):7204–18.10.18632/oncotarget.23208Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[5] Lliberos C, Liew SH, Zareie P, La Gruta NL, Mansell A, Hutt K. Evaluation of inflammation and follicle depletion during ovarian ageing in mice. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):278.10.1038/s41598-020-79488-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[6] Zhu Q, Li Y, Ma J, Ma H, Liang X. Potential factors result in diminished ovarian reserve: a comprehensive review. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):208.10.1186/s13048-023-01296-xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[7] Ding T, Wang T, Zhang J, Cui P, Chen Z, Zhou S, et al. Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: an observational study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:635255.10.3389/fmed.2021.635255Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[8] Canale MP, Menghini R, Martelli E, Federici M. COVID-19-associated endothelial dysfunction and microvascular injury: from pathophysiology to clinical manifestations. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2022;14(1):21–8.10.1016/j.ccep.2021.10.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[9] Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Thangavel J, Nishigaki Y, Sakthisekaran D, Sethi G, et al. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. Int J Biol Sci. 2013;9(10):1057–69.10.7150/ijbs.7502Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[10] Fraser HM. Regulation of the ovarian follicular vasculature. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2006;4:18.10.1186/1477-7827-4-18Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[11] Pourmasumi S, Kounis NG, Naderi M, Hosseinisadat R, Khoradmehr A, Fagheirelahee N, et al. Effects of COVID-19 infection and vaccination on the female reproductive system: a narrative review. Balk Med J. 2023;40(3):153–64.10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2023.2023-3-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[12] Mikhael S, Punjala-Patel A, Gavrilova-Jordan L. Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders impacting female fertility. Biomedicines. 2019;7(1):5.10.3390/biomedicines7010005Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[13] Vigil P, Melendez J, Soto H, Petkovic G, Bernal YA, Molina S. Chronic stress and ovulatory dysfunction: implications in times of COVID-19. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022;3:866104.10.3389/fgwh.2022.866104Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[14] Szukiewicz D, Trojanowski S, Kociszewska A, Szewczyk G. Modulation of the inflammatory response in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-searching for epigenetic factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23):14663.10.3390/ijms232314663Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[15] Negrut N, Menegas G, Kampioti S, Bourelou M, Kopanyi F, Hassan FD, et al. The multisystem impact of long COVID: a comprehensive review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(3):244.10.3390/diagnostics14030244Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[16] Huang Y, Hu C, Ye H, Luo R, Fu X, Li X, et al. Inflamm-aging: a new mechanism affecting premature ovarian insufficiency. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:8069898.10.1155/2019/8069898Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[17] Maher M, Owens L. SARS-CoV-2 infection and female reproductive health: a narrative review. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;37(4):101760.10.1016/j.beem.2023.101760Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[18] Madison AA, Shrout MR, Renna ME, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Psychological and behavioral predictors of vaccine efficacy: considerations for COVID-19. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021;16(2):191–203.10.1177/1745691621989243Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[19] Nazerian Y, Ghasemi M, Yassaghi Y, Nazerian A, Hashemi SM. Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in multi-organ failure: molecular pathways and potential therapeutic options. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;113(Pt B):109428.10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109428Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[20] Duffy DM, Ko C, Jo M, Brannstrom M, Curry TE. Ovulation: parallels with inflammatory processes. Endocr Rev. 2019;40(2):369–416.10.1210/er.2018-00075Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[21] Mobasheri L, Nasirpour MH, Masoumi E, Azarnaminy AF, Jafari M, Esmaeili SA. SARS-CoV-2 triggering autoimmune diseases. Cytokine. 2022;154:155873.10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155873Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[22] Chen J, Wu S, Wang M, Zhang H, Cui M. A review of autoimmunity and immune profiles in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(51):e32500.10.1097/MD.0000000000032500Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[23] Sapir T, Averch Z, Lerman B, Bodzin A, Fishman Y, Maitra R. COVID-19 and the immune response: a multi-phasic approach to the treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(15):8606.10.3390/ijms23158606Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[24] Clemente-Suarez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Ruisoto P, Mielgo-Ayuso J. Inflammation in COVID-19 and the effects of non-pharmacological interventions during the pandemic: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(24):15584.10.3390/ijms232415584Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[25] Catanzaro M, Fagiani F, Racchi M, Corsini E, Govoni S, Lanni C. Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):84.10.1038/s41392-020-0191-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[26] Ghanbari Naeini L, Abbasi L, Karimi F, Kokabian P, Abdi Abyaneh F, Naderi D. The important role of interleukin-2 in COVID-19. J Immunol Res. 2023;2023:7097329.10.1155/2023/7097329Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[27] Yin JX, Agbana YL, Sun ZS, Fei SW, Zhao HQ, Zhou XN, et al. Increased interleukin-6 is associated with long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty. 2023;12(1):43.10.1186/s40249-023-01086-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[28] Zhao Y, Sui L, Wu P, Wang W, Wang Z, Yu Y, et al. A dual-role of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in regulating innate immune response. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6(1):331.10.1038/s41392-021-00742-wSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[29] Samuel CE. Interferon at the crossroads of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. J Biol Chem. 2023;299(8):104960.10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104960Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[30] Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(5):448–57.10.1038/ni.3153Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] Jang DI, Lee AH, Shin HY, Song HR, Park JH, Kang TB, et al. The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in autoimmune disease and current TNF-alpha inhibitors in therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2719.10.3390/ijms22052719Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[32] Aggeletopoulou I, Kalafateli M, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Exploring the role of IL-1beta in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1307394.10.3389/fmed.2024.1307394Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[33] A. Rahman NA, Balasubramaniam V, Yap WB. Potential of interleukin (IL)-12 group as antivirals: severe viral disease prevention and management. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(8):7350.10.3390/ijms24087350Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[34] Emery P, Keystone E, Tony HP, Cantagrel A, van Vollenhoven R, Sanchez A, et al. IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(11):1516–23.10.1136/ard.2008.092932Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[35] Mitoma H, Horiuchi T, Tsukamoto H, Ueda N. Molecular mechanisms of action of anti-TNF-alpha agents – comparison among therapeutic TNF-alpha antagonists. Cytokine. 2018;101:56–63.10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.014Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[36] Sutanto H, Soegiarto G. Risk of thrombosis during and after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, and management. Hematol Rep. 2023;15(2):225–43.10.3390/hematolrep15020024Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[37] Martin AI, Rao G. COVID-19: a potential risk factor for acute pulmonary embolism. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2020;16(2):155–7.10.14797/mdcj-16-2-155Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[38] Al-Alphachmar SN, Stavrou S, Protopapas A, Drakakis P, Siemou P, Chatzipapas I. Ovarian vein thrombosis after total laparoscopic hysterectomy with unilateral adnexectomy: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;41:1–4.10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.09.022Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[39] Pelisek J, Reutersberg B, Greber UF, Zimmermann A. Vascular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: update on SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells and the role of long non-coding RNAs. Clin Sci (Lond). 2022;136(21):1571–90.10.1042/CS20220235Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[40] Tarnawski AS, Ahluwalia A. Endothelial cells and blood vessels are major targets for COVID-19-induced tissue injury and spreading to various organs. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(3):275–89.10.3748/wjg.v28.i3.275Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[41] Evans CE. Hypoxia and HIF activation as a possible link between sepsis and thrombosis. Thromb J. 2019;17:16.10.1186/s12959-019-0205-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[42] Pal R, Joshi A, Bhadada SK, Banerjee M, Vaikkakara S, Mukhopadhyay S. Endocrine follow-up during post-acute COVID-19: practical recommendations based on available clinical evidence. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(4):425–32.10.1016/j.eprac.2022.02.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[43] Jensterle M, Herman R, Janez A, Mahmeed WA, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, et al. The relationship between COVID-19 and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: a large spectrum from glucocorticoid insufficiency to excess – the CAPISCO international expert panel. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(13):7326.10.3390/ijms23137326Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[44] Smith SM, Vale WW. The role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(4):383–95.10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/ssmithSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[45] Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(3):133–46.10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[46] Orisaka M, Mizutani T, Miyazaki Y, Shirafuji A, Tamamura C, Fujita M, et al. Chronic low-grade inflammation and ovarian dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1324429.10.3389/fendo.2023.1324429Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[47] Agarwal A, Aponte-Mellado A, Premkumar BJ, Shaman A, Gupta S. The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012;10:49.10.1186/1477-7827-10-49Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[48] Huang J, Guan T, Tian L, Xia L, Xu D, Wu X, et al. Impact of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination on female ovarian reserve: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1198051.10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198051Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[49] Yildiz E, Timur B, Guney G, Timur H. Does the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine damage the ovarian reserve? Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(20):e33824.10.1097/MD.0000000000033824Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[50] Amer SA, Al-Zahrani A, Imam EA, Ishteiwy EM, Djelleb IF, Abdullh LR, et al. Exploring the reported adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines among vaccinated Arab populations: a multi-national survey study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):4785.10.1038/s41598-024-54886-0Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[51] Lam ICH, Zhang R, Man KKC, Wong CKH, Chui CSL, Lai FTT, et al. Persistence in risk and effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long-term health consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1716.10.1038/s41467-024-45953-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[52] Al-Bdairi AA, Makki HA, Shawki O, Alkhudair SH, Al-Hilli NM, Alkhalidi BA, et al. The multi-faceted effects of COVID-19 on female reproductive health: an updated narrative review. Cureus. 2024;16(4):e57944.10.7759/cureus.57944Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[53] Jiang Y, Zhao T, Zhou X, Xiang Y, Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Ma X. Inflammatory pathways in COVID-19: mechanism and therapeutic interventions. MedComm. 20202022;3(3):e154.10.1002/mco2.154Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[54] Mor G, Cardenas I, Abrahams V, Guller S. Inflammation and pregnancy: the role of the immune system at the implantation site. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1221(1):80–7.10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05938.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[55] Harris K, Mehta S, Iskhakov E, Chalhoub M, Maniatis T, Forte F, et al. Ovarian vein thrombosis in the nonpregnant woman: an overlooked diagnosis. Ther Adv Hematol. 2012;3(5):325–8.10.1177/2040620712450887Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[56] Baheiraei A, Mirghafourvand M, Mohammadi E, Charandabi SM, Nedjat S. Social support for women of reproductive age and its predictors: a population-based study. BMC Womens Health. 2012;12:30.10.1186/1472-6874-12-30Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2024-10-23
Revised: 2024-11-25
Accepted: 2024-11-28
Published Online: 2025-01-28

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Mechanism of triptolide regulating proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway
  3. Maslinic acid improves mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress and autophagy in human gastric smooth muscle cells
  4. Comparative analysis of inflammatory biomarkers for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: IL-6, IL-8, SAA, CRP, and PCT
  5. Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency
  6. Proteome differences of dental stem cells between permanent and deciduous teeth by data-independent acquisition proteomics
  7. Optimizing a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide protocol for fungal DNA extraction: Insights from multilocus gene amplification
  8. Preliminary analysis of the role of small hepatitis B surface proteins mutations in the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B infection via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced UPR-ERAD pathway
  9. Efficacy of alginate-coated gold nanoparticles against antibiotics-resistant Staphylococcus and Streptococcus pathogens of acne origins
  10. Battling COVID-19 leveraging nanobiotechnology: Gold and silver nanoparticle–B-escin conjugates as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  11. Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis
  12. Impact of fracture fixation surgery on cognitive function and the gut microbiota in mice with a history of stroke
  13. COLEC10: A potential tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of EMT and PI3K-AKT pathways
  14. High-temperature requirement serine protease A2 inhibitor UCF-101 ameliorates damaged neurons in traumatic brain-injured rats by the AMPK/NF-κB pathway
  15. SIK1 inhibits IL-1β-stimulated cartilage apoptosis and inflammation in vitro through the CRTC2/CREB1 signaling
  16. Rutin–chitooligosaccharide complex: Comprehensive evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vitro and in vivo
  17. Knockdown of Aurora kinase B alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast cells damage and inflammation during gestational diabetes
  18. Calcium-sensing receptors promoted Homer1 expression and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
  19. ABI3BP can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells
  20. Changes in blood glucose and metabolism in hyperuricemia mice
  21. Rapid detection of the GJB2 c.235delC mutation based on CRISPR-Cas13a combined with lateral flow dipstick
  22. IL-11 promotes Ang II-induced autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction in atrial fibroblasts
  23. Short-chain fatty acid attenuates intestinal inflammation by regulation of gut microbial composition in antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  24. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of pathogens in patients with diabetes complicated by community-acquired pneumonia
  25. NAT10 promotes radiotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating KPNB1-mediated PD-L1 nuclear translocation
  26. Phytol-mixed micelles alleviate dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish: Activation of the MMP3–OPN–MAPK pathway-mediating bone remodeling
  27. Association between TGF-β1 and β-catenin expression in the vaginal wall of patients with pelvic organ prolapse
  28. Primary pleomorphic liposarcoma involving bilateral ovaries: Case report and literature review
  29. Effects of de novo donor-specific Class I and II antibodies on graft outcomes after liver transplantation: A pilot cohort study
  30. Sleep architecture in Alzheimer’s disease continuum: The deep sleep question
  31. Ephedra fragilis plant extract: A groundbreaking corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments – electrochemical, EDX, DFT, and Monte Carlo studies
  32. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult patient with upper jaw and pulmonary involvement: A case report
  33. Inhibition of mast cell activation by Jaranol-targeted Pirin ameliorates allergic responses in mouse allergic rhinitis
  34. Aeromonas veronii-induced septic arthritis of the hip in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  35. Clusterin activates the heat shock response via the PI3K/Akt pathway to protect cardiomyocytes from high-temperature-induced apoptosis
  36. Research progress on fecal microbiota transplantation in tumor prevention and treatment
  37. Low-pressure exposure influences the development of HAPE
  38. Stigmasterol alleviates endplate chondrocyte degeneration through inducing mitophagy by enhancing PINK1 mRNA acetylation via the ESR1/NAT10 axis
  39. AKAP12, mediated by transcription factor 21, inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis in lung squamous cell carcinoma
  40. Association between PAX9 or MSX1 gene polymorphism and tooth agenesis risk: A meta-analysis
  41. A case of bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  42. Case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis complicated with cervical lymph node and pulmonary tuberculosis
  43. p-Cymene inhibits pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mediators to prevent hepatic dysfunction
  44. GFPT2 promotes paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activating NF-κB signaling pathway
  45. Transfer RNA-derived fragment tRF-36 modulates varicose vein progression via human vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling
  46. RTA-408 attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice possibly by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
  47. Decreased serum TIMP4 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
  48. Sirt1 protects lupus nephritis by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway in human glomerular mesangial cells
  49. Sodium butyrate aids brain injury repair in neonatal rats
  50. Interaction of MTHFR polymorphism with PAX1 methylation in cervical cancer
  51. Convallatoxin inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis of glioma cells via regulating JAK/STAT3 pathway
  52. The effect of the PKR inhibitor, 2-aminopurine, on the replication of influenza A virus, and segment 8 mRNA splicing
  53. Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans
  54. Small cell lung cancer with small intestinal metastasis: Case report and literature review
  55. GRB14: A prognostic biomarker driving tumor progression in gastric cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with COBLL1
  56. 15-Lipoxygenase-2 deficiency induces foam cell formation that can be restored by salidroside through the inhibition of arachidonic acid effects
  57. FTO alleviated the diabetic nephropathy progression by regulating the N6-methyladenosine levels of DACT1
  58. Clinical relevance of inflammatory markers in the evaluation of severity of ulcerative colitis: A retrospective study
  59. Zinc valproic acid complex promotes osteoblast differentiation and exhibits anti-osteoporotic potential
  60. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in the bronchial cavity: A case report
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid improves the detection of pulmonary infection
  62. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report
  63. Genomic analysis of a novel ST11(PR34365) Clostridioides difficile strain isolated from the human fecal of a CDI patient in Guizhou, China
  64. Effects of tiered cardiac rehabilitation on CRP, TNF-α, and physical endurance in older adults with coronary heart disease
  65. Changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with colorectal cancer before and after acupoint catgut embedding acupuncture observation
  66. Modulating the tumor microenvironment: The role of traditional Chinese medicine in improving lung cancer treatment
  67. Alterations of metabolites related to microbiota–gut–brain axis in plasma of colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer patients
  68. Research on individualized drug sensitivity detection technology based on bio-3D printing technology for precision treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  69. CEBPB promotes ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by stimulating tumor growth and activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway
  70. Oncolytic bacteria: A revolutionary approach to cancer therapy
  71. A de novo meningioma with rapid growth: A possible malignancy imposter?
  72. Diagnosis of secondary tuberculosis infection in an asymptomatic elderly with cancer using next-generation sequencing: Case report
  73. Hesperidin and its zinc(ii) complex enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
  74. Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines
  75. Anti-arthritic, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory regulation by the benzimidazole derivative BMZ-AD: Insights from an FCA-induced rat model
  76. Immunoassay for pyruvate kinase M1/2 as an Alzheimer’s biomarker in CSF
  77. The role of HDAC11 in age-related hearing loss: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
  78. Evaluation and application analysis of animal models of PIPNP based on data mining
  79. Therapeutic approaches for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by targeting pyroptosis
  80. Fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ruellia tuberosa leaf extract induces apoptosis through P53 and STAT3 signalling pathways in prostate cancer cells
  81. Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
  82. Modulation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway by Erianin: A novel approach to reduce psoriasiform inflammation and inflammatory signaling
  83. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and clinical pathological features in breast cancer patients
  84. Innovations in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Bridging modern diagnostics and historical insights
  85. BAP1 complexes with YY1 and RBBP7 and its downstream targets in ccRCC cells
  86. Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
  87. Electroacupuncture alleviates sciatic nerve injury in sciatica rats by regulating BDNF and NGF levels, myelin sheath degradation, and autophagy
  88. Polydatin prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating cholesterol metabolism via PPAR-γ signaling
  89. RNF144A and RNF144B: Important molecules for health
  90. Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in the healthy population
  91. Artesunate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through OGA-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ZEB1
  92. Endovascular management of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report and review of the literature
  93. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis
  94. SATB2 promotes humeral fracture healing in rats by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
  96. Understanding risk factors and prognosis in diabetic foot ulcers
  97. Atractylenolide I alleviates the experimental allergic response in mice by suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signalling
  98. FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells
  99. Immune molecule diagnostics in colorectal cancer: CCL2 and CXCL11
  100. Inhibiting CXCR6 promotes senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells with limited proinflammatory SASP to attenuate hepatic fibrosis
  101. Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents
  102. Pulmonary cryptococcosis with headache as the first presentation: A case report
  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
  104. RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization
  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
  106. The NuA4/TIP60 histone-modifying complex and Hr78 modulate the Lobe2 mutant eye phenotype
  107. Experimental study on salmon demineralized bone matrix loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: In vitro and in vivo study
  108. A case of IgA nephropathy treated with a combination of telitacicept and half-dose glucocorticoids
  109. Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich Moroccan Cannabis sativa L. (Khardala variety) extract: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico study
  110. Wound healing and signaling pathways
  111. Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study
  112. To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome
  113. Ecology and Environmental Science
  114. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  115. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  116. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  117. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  118. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  119. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  120. Agriculture
  121. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  122. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  123. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  124. Animal Science
  125. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  126. Plant Sciences
  127. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  128. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  129. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  130. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  131. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  132. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  133. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  134. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  135. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  136. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  137. Food Science
  138. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  139. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  140. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  141. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  142. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  143. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  144. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  145. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  146. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  147. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  148. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  149. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  150. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  151. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  152. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  153. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  154. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  155. Corrigendum
  156. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-1028
Keywords for this article
COVID-19; premature ovarian insufficiency; immune dysregulation; clinical prevention; public health
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Mechanism of triptolide regulating proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway
  3. Maslinic acid improves mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress and autophagy in human gastric smooth muscle cells
  4. Comparative analysis of inflammatory biomarkers for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: IL-6, IL-8, SAA, CRP, and PCT
  5. Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency
  6. Proteome differences of dental stem cells between permanent and deciduous teeth by data-independent acquisition proteomics
  7. Optimizing a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide protocol for fungal DNA extraction: Insights from multilocus gene amplification
  8. Preliminary analysis of the role of small hepatitis B surface proteins mutations in the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B infection via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced UPR-ERAD pathway
  9. Efficacy of alginate-coated gold nanoparticles against antibiotics-resistant Staphylococcus and Streptococcus pathogens of acne origins
  10. Battling COVID-19 leveraging nanobiotechnology: Gold and silver nanoparticle–B-escin conjugates as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  11. Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis
  12. Impact of fracture fixation surgery on cognitive function and the gut microbiota in mice with a history of stroke
  13. COLEC10: A potential tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of EMT and PI3K-AKT pathways
  14. High-temperature requirement serine protease A2 inhibitor UCF-101 ameliorates damaged neurons in traumatic brain-injured rats by the AMPK/NF-κB pathway
  15. SIK1 inhibits IL-1β-stimulated cartilage apoptosis and inflammation in vitro through the CRTC2/CREB1 signaling
  16. Rutin–chitooligosaccharide complex: Comprehensive evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vitro and in vivo
  17. Knockdown of Aurora kinase B alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast cells damage and inflammation during gestational diabetes
  18. Calcium-sensing receptors promoted Homer1 expression and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
  19. ABI3BP can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells
  20. Changes in blood glucose and metabolism in hyperuricemia mice
  21. Rapid detection of the GJB2 c.235delC mutation based on CRISPR-Cas13a combined with lateral flow dipstick
  22. IL-11 promotes Ang II-induced autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction in atrial fibroblasts
  23. Short-chain fatty acid attenuates intestinal inflammation by regulation of gut microbial composition in antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  24. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of pathogens in patients with diabetes complicated by community-acquired pneumonia
  25. NAT10 promotes radiotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating KPNB1-mediated PD-L1 nuclear translocation
  26. Phytol-mixed micelles alleviate dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish: Activation of the MMP3–OPN–MAPK pathway-mediating bone remodeling
  27. Association between TGF-β1 and β-catenin expression in the vaginal wall of patients with pelvic organ prolapse
  28. Primary pleomorphic liposarcoma involving bilateral ovaries: Case report and literature review
  29. Effects of de novo donor-specific Class I and II antibodies on graft outcomes after liver transplantation: A pilot cohort study
  30. Sleep architecture in Alzheimer’s disease continuum: The deep sleep question
  31. Ephedra fragilis plant extract: A groundbreaking corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments – electrochemical, EDX, DFT, and Monte Carlo studies
  32. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult patient with upper jaw and pulmonary involvement: A case report
  33. Inhibition of mast cell activation by Jaranol-targeted Pirin ameliorates allergic responses in mouse allergic rhinitis
  34. Aeromonas veronii-induced septic arthritis of the hip in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  35. Clusterin activates the heat shock response via the PI3K/Akt pathway to protect cardiomyocytes from high-temperature-induced apoptosis
  36. Research progress on fecal microbiota transplantation in tumor prevention and treatment
  37. Low-pressure exposure influences the development of HAPE
  38. Stigmasterol alleviates endplate chondrocyte degeneration through inducing mitophagy by enhancing PINK1 mRNA acetylation via the ESR1/NAT10 axis
  39. AKAP12, mediated by transcription factor 21, inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis in lung squamous cell carcinoma
  40. Association between PAX9 or MSX1 gene polymorphism and tooth agenesis risk: A meta-analysis
  41. A case of bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  42. Case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis complicated with cervical lymph node and pulmonary tuberculosis
  43. p-Cymene inhibits pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mediators to prevent hepatic dysfunction
  44. GFPT2 promotes paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activating NF-κB signaling pathway
  45. Transfer RNA-derived fragment tRF-36 modulates varicose vein progression via human vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling
  46. RTA-408 attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice possibly by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
  47. Decreased serum TIMP4 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
  48. Sirt1 protects lupus nephritis by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway in human glomerular mesangial cells
  49. Sodium butyrate aids brain injury repair in neonatal rats
  50. Interaction of MTHFR polymorphism with PAX1 methylation in cervical cancer
  51. Convallatoxin inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis of glioma cells via regulating JAK/STAT3 pathway
  52. The effect of the PKR inhibitor, 2-aminopurine, on the replication of influenza A virus, and segment 8 mRNA splicing
  53. Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans
  54. Small cell lung cancer with small intestinal metastasis: Case report and literature review
  55. GRB14: A prognostic biomarker driving tumor progression in gastric cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with COBLL1
  56. 15-Lipoxygenase-2 deficiency induces foam cell formation that can be restored by salidroside through the inhibition of arachidonic acid effects
  57. FTO alleviated the diabetic nephropathy progression by regulating the N6-methyladenosine levels of DACT1
  58. Clinical relevance of inflammatory markers in the evaluation of severity of ulcerative colitis: A retrospective study
  59. Zinc valproic acid complex promotes osteoblast differentiation and exhibits anti-osteoporotic potential
  60. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in the bronchial cavity: A case report
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid improves the detection of pulmonary infection
  62. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report
  63. Genomic analysis of a novel ST11(PR34365) Clostridioides difficile strain isolated from the human fecal of a CDI patient in Guizhou, China
  64. Effects of tiered cardiac rehabilitation on CRP, TNF-α, and physical endurance in older adults with coronary heart disease
  65. Changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with colorectal cancer before and after acupoint catgut embedding acupuncture observation
  66. Modulating the tumor microenvironment: The role of traditional Chinese medicine in improving lung cancer treatment
  67. Alterations of metabolites related to microbiota–gut–brain axis in plasma of colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer patients
  68. Research on individualized drug sensitivity detection technology based on bio-3D printing technology for precision treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  69. CEBPB promotes ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by stimulating tumor growth and activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway
  70. Oncolytic bacteria: A revolutionary approach to cancer therapy
  71. A de novo meningioma with rapid growth: A possible malignancy imposter?
  72. Diagnosis of secondary tuberculosis infection in an asymptomatic elderly with cancer using next-generation sequencing: Case report
  73. Hesperidin and its zinc(ii) complex enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
  74. Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines
  75. Anti-arthritic, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory regulation by the benzimidazole derivative BMZ-AD: Insights from an FCA-induced rat model
  76. Immunoassay for pyruvate kinase M1/2 as an Alzheimer’s biomarker in CSF
  77. The role of HDAC11 in age-related hearing loss: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
  78. Evaluation and application analysis of animal models of PIPNP based on data mining
  79. Therapeutic approaches for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by targeting pyroptosis
  80. Fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ruellia tuberosa leaf extract induces apoptosis through P53 and STAT3 signalling pathways in prostate cancer cells
  81. Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
  82. Modulation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway by Erianin: A novel approach to reduce psoriasiform inflammation and inflammatory signaling
  83. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and clinical pathological features in breast cancer patients
  84. Innovations in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Bridging modern diagnostics and historical insights
  85. BAP1 complexes with YY1 and RBBP7 and its downstream targets in ccRCC cells
  86. Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
  87. Electroacupuncture alleviates sciatic nerve injury in sciatica rats by regulating BDNF and NGF levels, myelin sheath degradation, and autophagy
  88. Polydatin prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating cholesterol metabolism via PPAR-γ signaling
  89. RNF144A and RNF144B: Important molecules for health
  90. Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in the healthy population
  91. Artesunate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through OGA-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ZEB1
  92. Endovascular management of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report and review of the literature
  93. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis
  94. SATB2 promotes humeral fracture healing in rats by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
  96. Understanding risk factors and prognosis in diabetic foot ulcers
  97. Atractylenolide I alleviates the experimental allergic response in mice by suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signalling
  98. FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells
  99. Immune molecule diagnostics in colorectal cancer: CCL2 and CXCL11
  100. Inhibiting CXCR6 promotes senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells with limited proinflammatory SASP to attenuate hepatic fibrosis
  101. Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents
  102. Pulmonary cryptococcosis with headache as the first presentation: A case report
  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
  104. RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization
  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
  106. The NuA4/TIP60 histone-modifying complex and Hr78 modulate the Lobe2 mutant eye phenotype
  107. Experimental study on salmon demineralized bone matrix loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: In vitro and in vivo study
  108. A case of IgA nephropathy treated with a combination of telitacicept and half-dose glucocorticoids
  109. Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich Moroccan Cannabis sativa L. (Khardala variety) extract: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico study
  110. Wound healing and signaling pathways
  111. Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study
  112. To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome
  113. Ecology and Environmental Science
  114. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  115. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  116. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  117. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  118. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  119. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  120. Agriculture
  121. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  122. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  123. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  124. Animal Science
  125. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  126. Plant Sciences
  127. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  128. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  129. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  130. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  131. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  132. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  133. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  134. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  135. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  136. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  137. Food Science
  138. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  139. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  140. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  141. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  142. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  143. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  144. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  145. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  146. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  147. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  148. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  149. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  150. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  151. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  152. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  153. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  154. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  155. Corrigendum
  156. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 16.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-1028/html
Scroll to top button