Startseite Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
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Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report

  • Kunliang Guo , Yang Li und Jian Chen EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 18. August 2025
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Open Life Sciences
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Life Sciences Band 20 Heft 1

Abstract

This report presents a case of solitary pulmonary metastasis from colon cancer, characterized by cystic airspaces, which can mimic a second primary lung cancer (LC). Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography in a patient with colon cancer revealed a pulmonary micronodule with a cystic cavity in the right upper lobe. The patient subsequently underwent left-sided hemicolectomy followed by six cycles of chemotherapy. During follow-up, computed tomography demonstrated resolution of the right upper lobe nodule. However, 36 months after chemotherapy, a solid nodule with cystic airspaces appeared in the right upper lobe, exhibiting marginal spiculation, traversing vessels, and enhancement, suggestive of cystic LC. Intraoperative frozen section analysis indicated features of intestinal adenocarcinoma. A right upper lobe wedge resection was performed, and postoperative histopathology confirmed the lesion as metastatic colon adenocarcinoma with cystic airspaces. Solitary pulmonary metastasis from colon cancer is relatively uncommon, particularly with cystic presentation. Clinicians and radiologists should maintain heightened suspicion in such atypical cases to avoid missed or delayed diagnoses.

Keywords: case report; pulmonary metastasis; cystic airspaces; colorectal cancer

1 Introduction

This work has been reported following the SCARE 2020 guideline [1]. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignancy globally [2] and the second most common cancer in China [3]. It is also a leading cause of cancer-related mortality [4]. The lungs are the second most frequent site of metastasis after the liver [5]. Solitary pulmonary metastasis is infrequent and occurs more commonly in patients with rectal cancer [6]. This report presents dynamic radiological findings from chest computed tomography (CT) of a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) in a patient with colon cancer. The images illustrate the lesion’s evolution from an early microcystic nodule to a solid nodule with cystic cavities. Final histopathological analysis confirmed the nodule as metastatic colon adenocarcinoma with cystic airspaces, rather than primary lung malignancy.

In November 2020, a 62-year-old Chinese male presented with abdominal distension and pain without an apparent cause. Following inadequate symptomatic management at a local hospital, he was admitted to our general surgery department 3 months later. The patient had a 2-year history of hypertension, treated with oral amlodipine 5 mg once daily, with good blood pressure control. The patient’s blood pressure was 130/75 mmHg prior to colon cancer surgery. He had a 40-year smoking history averaging 20 cigarettes per day, an appendectomy performed 20 years prior, and an inguinal hernia repair over 10 years ago. The patient denied weight loss, pallor, chills, fever, nausea, or vomiting, reported normal urination, but experienced frequent constipation. He denied any family history of malignancy. The general physical examination, including chest and abdomen, was unremarkable except for an old surgical scar on the abdomen. Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and serum ferritin (SF) levels were within normal limits. Upper abdominal magnetic resonance imaging suggested the possibility of colon cancer. Chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a micronodule in the right upper lobe, measuring 3 mm in diameter, with a central cystic cavity (Figure 1a). The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the left hemicolon. Histopathology documented moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma without vascular invasion or perineural infiltration. The postoperative diagnosis was stage IIA adenocarcinoma of the left hemicolon. One month after surgery (December 16, 2020), SF and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were elevated, while other tumor markers (including CEA and CA19-9) remained negative. Chest CECT revealed a cystic small nodular opacity in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe, measuring 3 mm in diameter, with well-defined borders and a uniformly thick cyst wall (∼1 mm), without evident mural nodularity (Figure 1b). The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine. During the second cycle, he experienced gastrointestinal adverse effects and could not tolerate capecitabine, thus discontinuing treatment. Subsequently, he received four cycles of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and raltitrexed. Throughout chemotherapy, serological tumor markers remained within normal limits. Before the sixth chemotherapy cycle, chest CECT demonstrated resolution of the lesion in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe (Figure 1c). However, 36 months after chemotherapy completion, chest CECT revealed a solid nodule in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe, approximately 10 mm in diameter, with shallow lobulation, fine spiculation, and marginal cystic formation. Traversing vessels and enhancement were noted within the nodule (Figure 1d). Lung metastatic tumors typically appear on imaging as well-defined solid nodules, with spiculated borders rarely observed. Additionally, all serum tumor markers in the current patient were negative. Taking this into consideration, along with the patient’s medical history, the radiologist diagnosed the tumor as primary cystic lung cancer (LC). The patient and his family declined a preoperative biopsy. Following a multidisciplinary team discussion regarding the malignant potential and resectability of the lung lesion, surgical intervention was recommended. An experienced thoracic surgeon and the surgical team performed a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery wedge resection of the right upper lung and lymph node biopsy on April 9, 2024. Intraoperative frozen section analysis indicated invasive adenocarcinoma, characterized by columnar cancer cell nuclei without a peripheral lepidic growth pattern. Given the patient’s medical history, metastasis could not be excluded. Consequently, the thoracic surgeons proceeded with the wedge resection.

Figure 1 CT scan showing the presence of a cystic airspace in the right upper lobe of the lung on November 18, 2020, (a) and December 17, 2020 (b), the disappearance of the cysts on April 7, 2021 (c), and the presence of a 10-mm-diameter mass with a cystic airspace on April 5, 2024 (d).
Figure 1

CT scan showing the presence of a cystic airspace in the right upper lobe of the lung on November 18, 2020, (a) and December 17, 2020 (b), the disappearance of the cysts on April 7, 2021 (c), and the presence of a 10-mm-diameter mass with a cystic airspace on April 5, 2024 (d).

Postoperative histopathology revealed irregular large clefts within the cancerous lesion (Figure 2a). The neoplastic cells exhibited columnar morphology with nuclear pseudostratification, arranged in glandular, papillary, or solid patterns. Necrotic debris and nuclear fragmentation were noted within the glandular lumens, consistent with morphological features of colorectal adenocarcinoma. No lepidic growth pattern of adenocarcinoma in situ was identified in the surrounding lung parenchyma (Figure 2b). Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CDX-2 (Figure 2c), CK20 (Figure 2d), and SATB-2 (Figure 2e), with membranous expression of β-catenin. TTF-1 (Figure 2f), Napsin-A, and CK7 were negative. Considering the patient’s prior surgical history, these histopathological findings supported metastatic colon adenocarcinoma in the lung, without evidence of vascular invasion, neural involvement, pleural infiltration, or positive surgical margins. No lymph node metastases were detected. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 7 days after surgery. He remained disease-free at the 60-day follow-up (from April 9, 2024). The chronology of the patient major health events is summarized (Figure 3).

Figure 2 Histopathologic images. The tumor contains a cystic space (a) black line marking; hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification (×1), with columnar cells, arranged in irregular acinar or sieve-like patterns, with extensive central necrosis (b), hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification (×10). Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for tumor protein CDX-2 (c) EnVision method; magnification (×10), CK-20 (d) EnVision method; magnification (×10), and SATB2 (e) EnVision method; magnification (×10). The tumor was negative for tumor protein TTF-1 (f) EnVision method; magnification (×10).
Figure 2

Histopathologic images. The tumor contains a cystic space (a) black line marking; hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification (×1), with columnar cells, arranged in irregular acinar or sieve-like patterns, with extensive central necrosis (b), hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification (×10). Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for tumor protein CDX-2 (c) EnVision method; magnification (×10), CK-20 (d) EnVision method; magnification (×10), and SATB2 (e) EnVision method; magnification (×10). The tumor was negative for tumor protein TTF-1 (f) EnVision method; magnification (×10).

Figure 3 Chronology of patient’s major health events.
Figure 3

Chronology of patient’s major health events.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies and in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethical Committee of Anqing Municipal Hospital (2024 No. 147).

2 Discussion

Solitary pulmonary metastasis from CRC is uncommon. Data from a large cohort in Singapore showed that the incidence of solitary pulmonary metastasis was 12% in patients with rectal cancer and 6% in those with colon cancer [7]. When an SPN is detected in patients with CRC, it is critical to differentiate between primary LC and solitary pulmonary metastasis (LM) to ensure effective treatment planning and prognostic assessment [8]. Primary LC typically presents radiologically with marginal spiculation, subsolid components, bronchial inflation signs, and pleural changes [9]. In this case, serological tumor markers remained stable. Serial CT scans demonstrated that the SPN, located in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe, initially appeared as a small cystic airspace lesion prior to colon cancer surgery (first and second CT). After five cycles of chemotherapy, the nodule resolved. However, 36 months after completion of the sixth chemotherapy cycle, a solid nodule with cystic airspaces re-emerged in the same location. The radiologist diagnosed the lesion as cystic LC (LC associated with cystic airspaces [LCCA]). Nevertheless, histopathological analysis revealed features characteristic of intestinal adenocarcinoma. Lung-derived markers (TTF-1, Napsin-A, CK7) were negative, whereas gastrointestinal-derived markers (CDX-2, CK20, SATB-2) were positive, and β-catenin showed membranous expression [10,11,12]. The final histopathological diagnosis confirmed metastatic colon adenocarcinoma in the lung.

The term “cystic airspaces” was introduced in 1996 as an expanded peripheral air-containing lung unit surrounded by walls of variable thickness [13]. This definition was refined in 2009 [14]. Pulmonary diseases associated with cystic airspaces include emphysematous bullae, congenital or fibrotic cysts, subpleural blebs, bronchiectatic airways, distal airspace enlargement [15], and the rare entity of primary LCCA [16]. Cavitation in metastatic lung tumors is extremely rare, occurring in only about 4% of cases [17]. Of these, approximately 70% of cases are associated with squamous cell carcinomas originating from the head and neck or cervical regions [17,18]. Adenocarcinomas may arise from various organs, including the pancreas [19], prostate [20], and breast cancers [21]. To date, only four cases of multiple cavitary lung metastases originating from CRC have been reported [22]. In this case, the CT appearance of solitary pulmonary metastasis from colon cancer evolved with disease progression. We hypothesize that two mechanisms may contribute to the formation of early microcystic lesions. One mechanism posits that due to the dual blood supply from pulmonary and bronchial arteries and relatively low blood pressure, a small number of cancer cells shed from the primary tumor disseminate into the pulmonary capillary bed. Some of these cells may evade host defenses, penetrate pulmonary capillaries, and proliferate along the lung septa. Another mechanism suggests that cystic airspaces result from a check-valve phenomenon associated with microscopic malignant lesions [23]. As postoperative chemotherapy progressed, neoplastic cells in the metastatic lesion were significantly reduced by chemotherapeutic agents but not completely eradicated, leading to the temporary disappearance of the lesion on CT. After completing chemotherapy, residual viable cancer cells continued to proliferate, gradually forming invasive growths characterized by intestinal glandular structures of varying sizes. Necrotic material and nuclear debris within these glandular lumens were expelled along the respiratory tract, gradually enlarging the cavity (Figure 2a). This enlarged cavity appeared as a cystic airspace on CT (Figure 1d), leading to misdiagnosis as primary cystic LC by the radiologist.

It is important to note that the occurrence of cavitation in metastatic lung tumors following chemotherapy for CRC is relatively common, which can complicate the diagnostic process. For instance, anti-angiogenic therapies can influence the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting angiogenesis around the tumor, while simultaneously promoting vascularization of the existing tumor vessels. This results in reduced blood flow to the tumor, which lowers the tumor density, thus facilitating the formation of cavitary lesions [24]. However, in this case, when the isolated 3 mm lung nodule was first discovered, the patient had not undergone chemotherapy. Over the course of six cycles of chemotherapy, the lesion disappeared. Thirty-six months after completing chemotherapy, a chest CT scan showed a 10 mm cystic lung nodule in the right lung. The chemotherapy regimen included capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and raltitrexed. The half-life of capecitabine and its metabolites is approximately 45–60 min, oxaliplatin has a half-life of around 240 h, and raltitrexed’s half-life is approximately 198 h. Since the effects of these drugs do not persist for more than 12 months, we conclude that the cavitation of the metastatic lung tumor in this case is unrelated to chemotherapy and is instead a result of the abnormal tumor progression.

Several national and international guidelines (AIOM [25], ESMO [4], and NCCN [26]) recommend surgical resection as the most effective curative treatment for lung metastasis from CRC. The fundamental principle involves completely excising the metastatic lesion while preserving as much healthy lung tissue as possible, to improve patient survival and quality of life. In this case, the intraoperative pathologist identified the distinctive intestinal adenocarcinoma morphology of the lung lesion. Following consultation between thoracic surgeons and pathologists, and considering the patient’s history of colon cancer, they concluded the lesion was more likely metastatic rather than primary pulmonary intestinal adenocarcinoma, prompting a decision to perform wedge resection of the right upper lobe. If the lesion had been misidentified as a second primary cancer and treated by immediate lobectomy, subsequent histopathology confirming metastasis could have led to physician liability and potential medical disputes.

Solitary pulmonary metastasis from colon cancer is rare, particularly when presenting with cystic airspaces, posing a potential diagnostic pitfall. For patients initially diagnosed with CRC, routine chest CT examinations are essential. Furthermore, when cystic lesions are detected on chest CT, especially in patients with prior malignancy, metastatic tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis and management plan, with regular follow-up. Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention remain critical to improving patient prognosis.

# These authors contributed equally to this work.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the reviewer’s valuable comments that improved the manuscript.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted the responsibility for the content of this manuscript and consented to its submission to the journal, reviewed all the results, and approved the final version of the manuscript. KLG prepared the manuscript. KLG and YL prepared Figures 1, 2, and 3. KLG, YL, and JC critically reviewed the drafts.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2025-02-25
Revised: 2025-06-03
Accepted: 2025-06-11
Published Online: 2025-08-18

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  91. Artesunate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through OGA-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ZEB1
  92. Endovascular management of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report and review of the literature
  93. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis
  94. SATB2 promotes humeral fracture healing in rats by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
  96. Understanding risk factors and prognosis in diabetic foot ulcers
  97. Atractylenolide I alleviates the experimental allergic response in mice by suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signalling
  98. FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells
  99. Immune molecule diagnostics in colorectal cancer: CCL2 and CXCL11
  100. Inhibiting CXCR6 promotes senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells with limited proinflammatory SASP to attenuate hepatic fibrosis
  101. Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents
  102. Pulmonary cryptococcosis with headache as the first presentation: A case report
  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
  104. RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization
  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
  106. The NuA4/TIP60 histone-modifying complex and Hr78 modulate the Lobe2 mutant eye phenotype
  107. Experimental study on salmon demineralized bone matrix loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: In vitro and in vivo study
  108. A case of IgA nephropathy treated with a combination of telitacicept and half-dose glucocorticoids
  109. Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich Moroccan Cannabis sativa L. (Khardala variety) extract: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico study
  110. Wound healing and signaling pathways
  111. Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study
  112. To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome
  113. Research progress on the impact of curcumin on immune responses in breast cancer
  114. Biogenic Cu/Ni nanotherapeutics from Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl seeds for the treatment of lung cancer
  115. Dapagliflozin attenuates atrial fibrosis via the HMGB1/RAGE pathway in atrial fibrillation rats
  116. Glycitein alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via ROS-associated PI3K–Akt signalling pathway
  117. Ecology and Environmental Science
  118. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  119. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  120. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  121. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  122. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  123. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  124. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  125. Agriculture
  126. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  127. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  128. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  129. Animal Science
  130. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  131. Plant Sciences
  132. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  133. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  134. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  135. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  136. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  137. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  138. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  139. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  140. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  141. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  142. Food Science
  143. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  144. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  145. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  146. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  147. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  148. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  149. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  150. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  151. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  152. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  153. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  154. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  155. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  156. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  157. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  158. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  159. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  160. Corrigendum
  161. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1149
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
case report; pulmonary metastasis; cystic airspaces; colorectal cancer
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Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Mechanism of triptolide regulating proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway
  3. Maslinic acid improves mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress and autophagy in human gastric smooth muscle cells
  4. Comparative analysis of inflammatory biomarkers for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: IL-6, IL-8, SAA, CRP, and PCT
  5. Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency
  6. Proteome differences of dental stem cells between permanent and deciduous teeth by data-independent acquisition proteomics
  7. Optimizing a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide protocol for fungal DNA extraction: Insights from multilocus gene amplification
  8. Preliminary analysis of the role of small hepatitis B surface proteins mutations in the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B infection via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced UPR-ERAD pathway
  9. Efficacy of alginate-coated gold nanoparticles against antibiotics-resistant Staphylococcus and Streptococcus pathogens of acne origins
  10. Battling COVID-19 leveraging nanobiotechnology: Gold and silver nanoparticle–B-escin conjugates as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
  11. Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation-induced apoptosis
  12. Impact of fracture fixation surgery on cognitive function and the gut microbiota in mice with a history of stroke
  13. COLEC10: A potential tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of EMT and PI3K-AKT pathways
  14. High-temperature requirement serine protease A2 inhibitor UCF-101 ameliorates damaged neurons in traumatic brain-injured rats by the AMPK/NF-κB pathway
  15. SIK1 inhibits IL-1β-stimulated cartilage apoptosis and inflammation in vitro through the CRTC2/CREB1 signaling
  16. Rutin–chitooligosaccharide complex: Comprehensive evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vitro and in vivo
  17. Knockdown of Aurora kinase B alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast cells damage and inflammation during gestational diabetes
  18. Calcium-sensing receptors promoted Homer1 expression and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
  19. ABI3BP can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells
  20. Changes in blood glucose and metabolism in hyperuricemia mice
  21. Rapid detection of the GJB2 c.235delC mutation based on CRISPR-Cas13a combined with lateral flow dipstick
  22. IL-11 promotes Ang II-induced autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction in atrial fibroblasts
  23. Short-chain fatty acid attenuates intestinal inflammation by regulation of gut microbial composition in antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  24. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of pathogens in patients with diabetes complicated by community-acquired pneumonia
  25. NAT10 promotes radiotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating KPNB1-mediated PD-L1 nuclear translocation
  26. Phytol-mixed micelles alleviate dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish: Activation of the MMP3–OPN–MAPK pathway-mediating bone remodeling
  27. Association between TGF-β1 and β-catenin expression in the vaginal wall of patients with pelvic organ prolapse
  28. Primary pleomorphic liposarcoma involving bilateral ovaries: Case report and literature review
  29. Effects of de novo donor-specific Class I and II antibodies on graft outcomes after liver transplantation: A pilot cohort study
  30. Sleep architecture in Alzheimer’s disease continuum: The deep sleep question
  31. Ephedra fragilis plant extract: A groundbreaking corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments – electrochemical, EDX, DFT, and Monte Carlo studies
  32. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult patient with upper jaw and pulmonary involvement: A case report
  33. Inhibition of mast cell activation by Jaranol-targeted Pirin ameliorates allergic responses in mouse allergic rhinitis
  34. Aeromonas veronii-induced septic arthritis of the hip in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  35. Clusterin activates the heat shock response via the PI3K/Akt pathway to protect cardiomyocytes from high-temperature-induced apoptosis
  36. Research progress on fecal microbiota transplantation in tumor prevention and treatment
  37. Low-pressure exposure influences the development of HAPE
  38. Stigmasterol alleviates endplate chondrocyte degeneration through inducing mitophagy by enhancing PINK1 mRNA acetylation via the ESR1/NAT10 axis
  39. AKAP12, mediated by transcription factor 21, inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis in lung squamous cell carcinoma
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  41. A case of bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  42. Case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis complicated with cervical lymph node and pulmonary tuberculosis
  43. p-Cymene inhibits pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mediators to prevent hepatic dysfunction
  44. GFPT2 promotes paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activating NF-κB signaling pathway
  45. Transfer RNA-derived fragment tRF-36 modulates varicose vein progression via human vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling
  46. RTA-408 attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice possibly by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
  47. Decreased serum TIMP4 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
  48. Sirt1 protects lupus nephritis by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway in human glomerular mesangial cells
  49. Sodium butyrate aids brain injury repair in neonatal rats
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  51. Convallatoxin inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis of glioma cells via regulating JAK/STAT3 pathway
  52. The effect of the PKR inhibitor, 2-aminopurine, on the replication of influenza A virus, and segment 8 mRNA splicing
  53. Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans
  54. Small cell lung cancer with small intestinal metastasis: Case report and literature review
  55. GRB14: A prognostic biomarker driving tumor progression in gastric cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with COBLL1
  56. 15-Lipoxygenase-2 deficiency induces foam cell formation that can be restored by salidroside through the inhibition of arachidonic acid effects
  57. FTO alleviated the diabetic nephropathy progression by regulating the N6-methyladenosine levels of DACT1
  58. Clinical relevance of inflammatory markers in the evaluation of severity of ulcerative colitis: A retrospective study
  59. Zinc valproic acid complex promotes osteoblast differentiation and exhibits anti-osteoporotic potential
  60. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in the bronchial cavity: A case report
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid improves the detection of pulmonary infection
  62. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report
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  68. Research on individualized drug sensitivity detection technology based on bio-3D printing technology for precision treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
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  91. Artesunate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through OGA-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ZEB1
  92. Endovascular management of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report and review of the literature
  93. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis
  94. SATB2 promotes humeral fracture healing in rats by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
  96. Understanding risk factors and prognosis in diabetic foot ulcers
  97. Atractylenolide I alleviates the experimental allergic response in mice by suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signalling
  98. FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells
  99. Immune molecule diagnostics in colorectal cancer: CCL2 and CXCL11
  100. Inhibiting CXCR6 promotes senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells with limited proinflammatory SASP to attenuate hepatic fibrosis
  101. Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents
  102. Pulmonary cryptococcosis with headache as the first presentation: A case report
  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
  104. RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization
  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
  106. The NuA4/TIP60 histone-modifying complex and Hr78 modulate the Lobe2 mutant eye phenotype
  107. Experimental study on salmon demineralized bone matrix loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: In vitro and in vivo study
  108. A case of IgA nephropathy treated with a combination of telitacicept and half-dose glucocorticoids
  109. Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich Moroccan Cannabis sativa L. (Khardala variety) extract: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico study
  110. Wound healing and signaling pathways
  111. Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study
  112. To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome
  113. Research progress on the impact of curcumin on immune responses in breast cancer
  114. Biogenic Cu/Ni nanotherapeutics from Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl seeds for the treatment of lung cancer
  115. Dapagliflozin attenuates atrial fibrosis via the HMGB1/RAGE pathway in atrial fibrillation rats
  116. Glycitein alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via ROS-associated PI3K–Akt signalling pathway
  117. Ecology and Environmental Science
  118. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  119. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  120. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  121. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  122. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  123. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  124. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  125. Agriculture
  126. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  127. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  128. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  129. Animal Science
  130. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  131. Plant Sciences
  132. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  133. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  134. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  135. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  136. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  137. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  138. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  139. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  140. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  141. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  142. Food Science
  143. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  144. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  145. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  146. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  147. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  148. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  149. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  150. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  151. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  152. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  153. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  154. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  155. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  156. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  157. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  158. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  159. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  160. Corrigendum
  161. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
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