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Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations

  • Alexander Darmonkow , Zoë E. M. Rowe and Scott V. Harding EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: July 18, 2025
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Here, we provide a current review of strategies aimed at improving the bioavailability of curcuminoids, a group of compounds with therapeutic potential. This review discusses formulations from the traditional supplementation approaches to the innovative methods to enhance solubility and bioavailability, including cyclodextrins and hydrophilic carriers. Additionally, colloidal delivery strategies, such as micelles, liposomes, solid lipid particles, and emulsions, are examined as promising vehicles for curcuminoid delivery. The review underscores the importance of clinical trials in assessing the efficacy of these formulations and highlights a pivotal yet frequently neglected factor in curcuminoid research: the differentiation between total and free curcuminoid quantification. In summary, this concise review evaluates existing curcuminoid formulations and explores innovative approaches to improve their bioavailability.

Keywords: curcumin; bioavailability; dietary supplement; functional food

1 Introduction

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), is a popular spice, medicinal herb, and pigment originating from Southeast Asia and India, which now has a large and rapidly growing global market [1]. In addition to its popularity in food preparation, turmeric’s long history and growing popularity can be attributed to a wide range of reported medicinal benefits, many of which have now been extensively studied. The pharmacological effects of turmeric are due to its main group of bioactive compounds, curcuminoids, and lipophilic polyphenols which include curcumin and related compounds dimethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin [2,3]. The curcuminoids (and their derivatives) have been reported to exhibit numerous therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects, and therefore have received significant attention as a therapy for a wide variety of diseases [2]. Despite the exhaustive list of potential therapeutic effects, a commonly cited limitation of curcumin supplementation is its low bioavailability due to chemical instability during digestion and its pharmacokinetics [4]. This has led to recent research efforts to develop formulations of curcumin that enhance its bioavailability by way of increased free curcuminoid or curcuminoid metabolite levels, and, in turn, increasing the curcumin therapeutic effect [5]. This review introduces the curcuminoids and their chemical/metabolic by-products, briefly comparing their therapeutic potential, then examines current formulations that show promise for unlocking the full potential of this herbal treatment.

2 Chemical structure

Turmeric contains between 2 and 9% total curcuminoids, by weight which further breaks down to approximately 75% curcumin, 20% demethoxycurcumin, and 5% bisdemethoxycurcumin [6]. The lipophilic polyphenol structure of the curcuminoids (Figure 1) – two benzomethoxy rings joined by an unsaturated carbon chain – gives curcuminoids very low water solubility at neutral or acidic pH, but good solubility in solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone [2]. Curcumins structurally symmetrical hydroxyl groups contribute to their hydrophobicity resulting in relatively poor solubility (0.6 µg/mL) and therefore low bioavailability in the digestive tract [7]. The unsaturated carbon chain of the curcuminoids contains a diketone moiety, which exhibits keto-enol tautomerism that favors the enol form when dissolved in solution [8]. This moiety can act as a metal chelator and composes one of three primary reactive sites on curcuminoids, including a nucleophile acceptor on the carbon chain double bond, and a hydrogen atom donor on the aromatic ring’s hydroxyl group [1].

Figure 1 Chemical structures of the three major curcuminoids found in turmeric. Structures were extracted from PubChem [20]: (a) Curcumin, PubChem compound ID 969516, (b) Demethoxycurcumin, PubChem ID 5469424, (c) Bisdemethoxycurcumin, PubChem ID 5315472. Structural differences between curcumin and demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are noted with blue circles on the differing reactive functional groups.
Figure 1

Chemical structures of the three major curcuminoids found in turmeric. Structures were extracted from PubChem [20]: (a) Curcumin, PubChem compound ID 969516, (b) Demethoxycurcumin, PubChem ID 5469424, (c) Bisdemethoxycurcumin, PubChem ID 5315472. Structural differences between curcumin and demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin are noted with blue circles on the differing reactive functional groups.

3 Products and metabolites

Curcumin undergoes chemical degradation at physiological pH, which increases in rate as pH increases [6]. The degradation is due to an alkaline hydrolysis reaction, which results in products such as ferulic acid, vanillin, ferulaldehyde, and feruloyl methane [9]. Autooxidative cyclization, an alternate and less recognized pathway, produces a deoxygenated dicyclopentadiene an alternate, but less recognized pathway, is that of autoxidative cyclization which produces a deoxygenated dicyclopentadiene [4,10].

Ferulic acid and vanillin show the most therapeutic potential of the chemical degradants and are therefore the most studied, supported by numerous in vitro studies showing antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and anticancer activity in prostate and colorectal cell lines, respectively [8,11]. However, cancer cell line studies show that the effect of the degradation products is reduced in comparison to the parent curcuminoid compounds [8]. There are very few in vivo studies that examine the effect of either curcuminoid parent compounds or their degradation products [12–14].

One double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) by Bumrungpert et al. [15] found ferulic acid to have a significant effect versus placebo in improving lipid profiles and oxidative stress levels in hyperlipidemic subjects. This study shows promise for the degradation products of curcuminoids as interventional therapies, which could also have other desirable pharmacological effects in vivo. In summary, it appears the chemical degradation products of the curcuminoids, especially ferulic acid and vanillin, could be contributing to some of the observed pharmacological effects of curcuminoids both in vitro and in vivo, though not as powerful as free curcuminoids themselves. Further inquiry into their greatest application is a potential future research pathway.

The metabolic processing of curcuminoids leads to the formation of distinct products, with the possibility of generating chemical degradants in vivo. Once absorbed, curcuminoids follow either of two primary metabolic pathways, resulting in Phase I reduction or Phase II conjugation metabolites. Phase I metabolites encompass dihydrocurcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin, and hexahydrocurcumin, while Phase II metabolites include curcumin sulfate and curcumin glucuronide [16]. Notably, in both rats and humans, phase II glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are the most prevalent metabolites in the bloodstream. As discussed earlier, the detection of free curcuminoids is minimal [8]. Unfortunately, research suggests that these available metabolites exhibit significantly lower therapeutic potential compared to curcuminoids themselves, particularly in terms of in vitro chemopreventive effects [17,18].

In a separate in vitro study, Choudhury et al. [19] investigated the antioxidant activity of two curcumin glucuronides (monoglucuronide and diglucuronide) in comparison to curcumin, utilizing free radical DPPH scavenging and an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. The results indicated a ten-fold reduction in antioxidant activity for monoglucuronide, while the antioxidant activity of diglucuronide was entirely insignificant when compared to curcumin. In summary, existing literature suggests that these metabolic products also exhibit diminished therapeutic potential compared to free curcuminoids.

4 Signaling pathways

Curcumin is a potent bifunctional antioxidant that directly and indirectly scavenges reactive oxygen species and there is great potential in minimizing age-related cellular damage. In addition to the presence of phenolic groups that serve as hydrogen donors, curcumin can also activate the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway [21]. Nrf2 is an important transcription factor that protects cells from endogenous and exogenous stressors. Under oxidative stress, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), cytoplasmic protein, senses redox imbalances and dissociates from Nrf2. Subsequently, Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of several antioxidant enzymes such as thioredoxin reductase, Hsp70, heme oxygenase, and sirtuins [22]. The enzymes are known to inhibit oxidative stress and serve as a major defense system against cellular stress and oxidative damage [23]. The exact mechanism of curcumin interaction with the Nrf2/ARE pathway remains unclear, and further investigation may provide a clear understanding of curcumin health benefits.

5 Absorption and excretion

Curcumin absorption is generally characterized by poor bioavailability which can be explained, in part, by its instability in aqueous environments resulting in rapid hydrolysis and low absorption rates at intestinal pH. Additionally, a significant portion of curcumin is metabolized in the intestines and liver, reducing the amount of curcumin in its active form. These factors, along with its hydrophobic nature and fast excretion in the feces, contribute to low serum concentrations. In a bolus dose-escalation study conducted by Lao et al. [24], using a standardized powder extract (95% curcuminoids) and were unable to detect any curcumin in participant serum samples at lower physiological doses. They were able to detect serum curcumin in the two highest dose levels provided; 10,000 and 12,000 mg but even at the largest dose detected levels were still quite low, reaching a maximum of 57.6 ng/ml 2 hours after consumption of 12,000 mg. However, the absence of any severe adverse effects – dose-independent diarrhea was observed – demonstrates a safe tolerance to large doses of curcuminoids.

Similarly, Vareed et al. [25] administered 10 and 12 g doses of a standardized extract, employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analysis. They detected free curcumin in only one out of twelve participants’ serum samples, while curcumin glucuronides and sulfates were detected in all cases. Additionally, Holder et al. [26], using radioactive labeling, observed that a significant portion of a standard extract curcumin dose is excreted in rat feces. The major biliary metabolites included glucuronides of tetrahydrocurcumin and hexahydrocurcumin, along with chemical degradants such as dihydroferulic acid and trace ferulic acid. The almost negligible levels of free curcumin in the serum, coupled with detectable metabolite levels (glucuronides and sulfates) and a substantial concentration in the feces, collectively affirm the widely accepted notion of low curcuminoid bioavailability. The majority of a curcumin dose undergoes either metabolism or excretion very quickly following digestion and absorption.

6 Formulations

Curcumin and its analogues exhibit low solubility in physiological conditions and face challenges in absorption within the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the absorbed curcumin undergoes rapid metabolism, yielding comparatively fewer active products and displaying chemical instability. These inherent characteristics of curcuminoid compounds, coupled with their extensive therapeutic potential, have prompted the development of numerous technologies and formulations aimed at enhancing the bioavailability of orally administered curcuminoids.

One of the initial and widely adopted strategies to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin involves its co-administration with piperine, an alkaloid found in black pepper. Piperine exhibits the ability to inhibit hepatic/intestinal glucuronidation and p-glycoprotein-mediated intestinal excretion [27]. In a human study, the administration of a 2 g dose of curcumin with 20 mg piperine resulted in a significant increase in serum levels within the first hour, boosting bioavailability by 2,000% compared to curcumin alone [27]. Recent research further supports the efficacy of this formulation in a clinical context. Panahi et al. [28] conducted a study involving 70 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients who were randomly assigned to receive either a 500 mg curcuminoid with 5 mg piperine or a placebo. The piperine group exhibited significant decreases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferases, and cholesterol, along with a notable improvement in NAFLD severity. Tabanelli et al. [29] used a different approach to achieve higher curcumin bioavailability, combining curcuminoids with non-curcuminoid components of turmeric, such as essential oils and/or powder. These formulations, containing lipophilic turmeromes, have been shown to enhance curcuminoid absorption and inhibit p-glycoprotein, akin to the effects of piperine [29]. In human volunteers, a patented formulation known as BCM-95®CG (Biocurcumax™) demonstrated a 6.93-fold increase in bioavailability compared to standard curcumin powder and a 6.3-fold increase compared to a piperine formulation [30]. These findings underscore the effectiveness of combining piperine or turmeric components with curcuminoids in significantly increasing bioavailability and subsequently, demonstrating clinical significance.

While the above-mentioned approaches aim to improve the absorption of curcuminoids by influencing the gastrointestinal tract, more innovative formulations leverage adsorptive properties and/or inclusion complexes to boost solubility and consequently enhance the bioavailability of curcuminoids. Cyclodextrins, such as connected cyclic oligosaccharides with hydrophilic glucose units on the exterior, exemplify this concept. These cyclodextrins can form complexes with fat-soluble compounds within an interior lipophilic cavity [29]. In a study conducted by Purpura et al. [31], the bioavailability of curcuminoids from a g-cyclodextrin formulation was compared to that of a standardized extract, phytosome, and turmeric essential oil formulation in healthy volunteers. The cyclodextrin formulation demonstrated the most significant increase in total curcuminoid bioavailability, elevating plasma levels by 39-fold compared to the standard curcuminoid extract. Another formulation within this category involves hydrophilic carriers consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), cellulose derivatives, antioxidants, and small amounts of fat, which disperse curcuminoids to overcome low solubility in physiological conditions [5]. Indeed, this particular formulation has been directly proven to enhance bioavailability over all other discussed formulations. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted by Jäger et al. [32], which compared the effects of multiple formulations on curcuminoid blood levels using HPLC and mass spectrometry, the hydrophilic carrier formulation exhibited significantly increased absorption compared to a phytosome formula (5.8-fold), an essential oil formula (34.9-fold), and a standard extract (45.9-fold). When examining clinical studies for a g-cyclodextrin formulation patent (Cavacurmin®) and a hydrophilic carrier patent (Curcuwin®), a remarkable 85-fold and 136-fold increase in total curcumin, respectively, was observed [29]. Collectively, this body of research underscores the effectiveness of the hydrophilic carrier formulation in enhancing curcumin bioavailability in humans.

7 Enhancement strategies

In addition to the previously discussed formulations, researchers are exploring various colloidal delivery strategies to enhance the bioavailability of curcuminoids. These strategies involve the encapsulation of curcuminoids in edible micro- or nanoparticles within micelles, liposomes, solid lipid particles, and emulsions, among others [33]. Encapsulation techniques involve entrapping bioactive substances (i.e., polyphenols) within small particles dispersed in water. This delivery system isolates the particles from the environment and protects them from degradation within the digestive tract [33]. These different colloidal transport mediums naturally find varying applications, each suitable or less fitting as therapeutic interventions. Overall, however, they constitute highly effective formulations for curcuminoids.

In a human RCT, Fança-Berthon et al. [16] evaluated the total absorption of curcuminoids using a dried colloidal suspension (composed of standard turmeric extract, quillaja extract, sunflower oil, and acacia gum), alongside a standardized turmeric extract, liquid micelle, piperine, and phytosome formulation. Employing HPLC and mass spectrometry, the study revealed that both the dried colloidal suspension and the micellar preparation produced the highest levels of total curcuminoids. After dose-normalization, both formulations resulted in significantly higher levels compared to the standardized extract, with the dried colloidal suspension exhibiting a notable increase relative to the phytosome and piperine formulation as well [16].

However, a noteworthy observation emerged when the researchers specifically compared the levels of unconjugated plasma curcuminoids; in this aspect, no significant differences between the formulations were observed. This underscores a crucial consideration in studies focusing on curcuminoid bioavailability and formulation.

8 Considerations and conclusions

As observed earlier, numerous studies gauge blood or plasma levels of total curcuminoids to assess the impact of different formulations on bioavailability. However, certain studies, including some referenced in this article, treat plasma samples with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase enzymes during analysis, enabling the measurement of these conjugates as “free” curcuminoids [34]. Under this methodology, the term “total curcuminoids” encompasses not only free curcuminoids but also the conjugate products resulting from curcumin metabolism. It is noteworthy that these conjugates generally exhibit lower bioactivity compared to free curcuminoids. Consequently, an increase in total curcuminoid plasma levels may not necessarily translate to heightened free curcuminoid bioavailability and clinical efficacy.

In their methodology, Fança-Berthon et al. [16] explicitly specified the extraction of plasma with or without deconjugation, subsequently reporting results for both extraction methods. However, as highlighted by Stohs et al. [34], numerous studies omit providing such clarity in their information. This omission can obscure the genuine value of a specific formulation, as it might seem to significantly enhance bioavailability but ultimately provide limited clinical value due to an abundance of conjugated, rather than free, curcuminoids. This aspect introduces a considerable “grey area” in studies on curcumin formulations. Future research on bioavailability should, therefore, distinctly distinguish between total and free curcuminoid measurements to facilitate a more precise evaluation of formulations. Even with a clear description of curcuminoid measurement, a clinical trial would still be necessary to assess the therapeutic potential of a formulation demonstrating increased free curcuminoid bioavailability. Despite the demonstrated potential, it appears that straightforward yet thorough research remains the primary constraint in fully understanding the effects of curcuminoids.

Other non-nutritive components of foods have a similar research limitation, very rapid conjugation and excretion from the body. This creates a very difficult situation for researchers looking to examine the biological and physiological effects of compounds like curcuminoids. Opportunities exist with the advancement of computational methodologies for those researchers looking at direct interactions with enzymes or other compounds in the body. Advanced pre-clinical or clinical techniques that use stably labelled isotopes also offer a potential advantage over the methods used to date for determining the function and fate of curcuminoids in humans. Hopefully, this research will continue to advance our understanding of these compounds and provide consumers with confidence in their purchasing of the nutraceutical and supplement formulations of these turmeric-derived products.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Memorial University.

  2. Author contributions: First draft of manuscript, initial research, conception: Alexander Darmonkow; manuscript editing, additional research for final draft: Zoe Rowe; funding, conception, writing, and interpretation: Scott Harding. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Received: 2024-06-20
Revised: 2025-03-22
Accepted: 2025-04-16
Published Online: 2025-07-18

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  42. Case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis complicated with cervical lymph node and pulmonary tuberculosis
  43. p-Cymene inhibits pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mediators to prevent hepatic dysfunction
  44. GFPT2 promotes paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activating NF-κB signaling pathway
  45. Transfer RNA-derived fragment tRF-36 modulates varicose vein progression via human vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling
  46. RTA-408 attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice possibly by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
  47. Decreased serum TIMP4 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
  48. Sirt1 protects lupus nephritis by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway in human glomerular mesangial cells
  49. Sodium butyrate aids brain injury repair in neonatal rats
  50. Interaction of MTHFR polymorphism with PAX1 methylation in cervical cancer
  51. Convallatoxin inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis of glioma cells via regulating JAK/STAT3 pathway
  52. The effect of the PKR inhibitor, 2-aminopurine, on the replication of influenza A virus, and segment 8 mRNA splicing
  53. Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans
  54. Small cell lung cancer with small intestinal metastasis: Case report and literature review
  55. GRB14: A prognostic biomarker driving tumor progression in gastric cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with COBLL1
  56. 15-Lipoxygenase-2 deficiency induces foam cell formation that can be restored by salidroside through the inhibition of arachidonic acid effects
  57. FTO alleviated the diabetic nephropathy progression by regulating the N6-methyladenosine levels of DACT1
  58. Clinical relevance of inflammatory markers in the evaluation of severity of ulcerative colitis: A retrospective study
  59. Zinc valproic acid complex promotes osteoblast differentiation and exhibits anti-osteoporotic potential
  60. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in the bronchial cavity: A case report
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid improves the detection of pulmonary infection
  62. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report
  63. Genomic analysis of a novel ST11(PR34365) Clostridioides difficile strain isolated from the human fecal of a CDI patient in Guizhou, China
  64. Effects of tiered cardiac rehabilitation on CRP, TNF-α, and physical endurance in older adults with coronary heart disease
  65. Changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with colorectal cancer before and after acupoint catgut embedding acupuncture observation
  66. Modulating the tumor microenvironment: The role of traditional Chinese medicine in improving lung cancer treatment
  67. Alterations of metabolites related to microbiota–gut–brain axis in plasma of colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer patients
  68. Research on individualized drug sensitivity detection technology based on bio-3D printing technology for precision treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  69. CEBPB promotes ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by stimulating tumor growth and activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway
  70. Oncolytic bacteria: A revolutionary approach to cancer therapy
  71. A de novo meningioma with rapid growth: A possible malignancy imposter?
  72. Diagnosis of secondary tuberculosis infection in an asymptomatic elderly with cancer using next-generation sequencing: Case report
  73. Hesperidin and its zinc(ii) complex enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
  74. Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines
  75. Anti-arthritic, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory regulation by the benzimidazole derivative BMZ-AD: Insights from an FCA-induced rat model
  76. Immunoassay for pyruvate kinase M1/2 as an Alzheimer’s biomarker in CSF
  77. The role of HDAC11 in age-related hearing loss: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
  78. Evaluation and application analysis of animal models of PIPNP based on data mining
  79. Therapeutic approaches for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by targeting pyroptosis
  80. Fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ruellia tuberosa leaf extract induces apoptosis through P53 and STAT3 signalling pathways in prostate cancer cells
  81. Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
  82. Modulation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway by Erianin: A novel approach to reduce psoriasiform inflammation and inflammatory signaling
  83. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and clinical pathological features in breast cancer patients
  84. Innovations in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Bridging modern diagnostics and historical insights
  85. BAP1 complexes with YY1 and RBBP7 and its downstream targets in ccRCC cells
  86. Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
  87. Electroacupuncture alleviates sciatic nerve injury in sciatica rats by regulating BDNF and NGF levels, myelin sheath degradation, and autophagy
  88. Polydatin prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating cholesterol metabolism via PPAR-γ signaling
  89. RNF144A and RNF144B: Important molecules for health
  90. Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in the healthy population
  91. Artesunate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through OGA-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ZEB1
  92. Endovascular management of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report and review of the literature
  93. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis
  94. SATB2 promotes humeral fracture healing in rats by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
  96. Understanding risk factors and prognosis in diabetic foot ulcers
  97. Atractylenolide I alleviates the experimental allergic response in mice by suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signalling
  98. FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells
  99. Immune molecule diagnostics in colorectal cancer: CCL2 and CXCL11
  100. Inhibiting CXCR6 promotes senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells with limited proinflammatory SASP to attenuate hepatic fibrosis
  101. Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents
  102. Pulmonary cryptococcosis with headache as the first presentation: A case report
  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
  104. RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization
  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
  106. The NuA4/TIP60 histone-modifying complex and Hr78 modulate the Lobe2 mutant eye phenotype
  107. Experimental study on salmon demineralized bone matrix loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: In vitro and in vivo study
  108. A case of IgA nephropathy treated with a combination of telitacicept and half-dose glucocorticoids
  109. Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich Moroccan Cannabis sativa L. (Khardala variety) extract: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico study
  110. Wound healing and signaling pathways
  111. Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study
  112. To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome
  113. Research progress on the impact of curcumin on immune responses in breast cancer
  114. Biogenic Cu/Ni nanotherapeutics from Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl seeds for the treatment of lung cancer
  115. Dapagliflozin attenuates atrial fibrosis via the HMGB1/RAGE pathway in atrial fibrillation rats
  116. Glycitein alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via ROS-associated PI3K–Akt signalling pathway
  117. ADH5 inhibits proliferation but promotes EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cell through activating Smad2/Smad3
  118. Apoptotic efficacies of AgNPs formulated by Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract on 32D-FLT3-ITD human leukemia cell line with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  119. Novel cuproptosis-related genes C1QBP and PFKP identified as prognostic and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma
  120. Bee venom promotes exosome secretion and alters miRNA cargo in T cells
  121. Treatment of pure red cell aplasia in a chronic kidney disease patient with roxadustat: A case report
  122. Comparative bioinformatics analysis of the Wnt pathway in breast cancer: Selection of novel biomarker panels associated with ER status
  123. Kynurenine facilitates renal cell carcinoma progression by suppressing M2 macrophage pyroptosis through inhibition of CASP1 cleavage
  124. RFX5 promotes the growth, motility, and inhibits apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells through the SIRT1/AMPK axis
  125. ALKBH5 exacerbates early cardiac damage after radiotherapy for breast cancer via m6A demethylation of TLR4
  126. Phytochemicals of Roman chamomile: Antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening activities of distillation residues
  127. Circadian gene Cry1 inhibits the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma by the BAX/BCL2-mediated apoptosis pathway
  128. The TNFR-RIPK1/RIPK3 signalling pathway mediates the effect of lanthanum on necroptosis of nerve cells
  129. Longitudinal monitoring of autoantibody dynamics in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing surgery
  130. The potential role of rutin, a flavonoid, in the management of cancer through modulation of cell signaling pathways
  131. Construction of pectinase gene engineering microbe and its application in tobacco sheets
  132. Construction of a microbial abundance prognostic scoring model based on intratumoral microbial data for predicting the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma
  133. Sepsis complicated by haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human herpesvirus 8 in an immunocompromised elderly patient: A case report
  134. Sarcopenia in liver transplantation: A comprehensive bibliometric study of current research trends and future directions
  135. Advances in cancer immunotherapy and future directions in personalized medicine
  136. Can coronavirus disease 2019 affect male fertility or cause spontaneous abortion? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
  137. Heat stroke associated with novel leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor gene variant in a Chinese infant
  138. PSME2 exacerbates ulcerative colitis by disrupting intestinal barrier function and promoting autophagy-dependent inflammation
  139. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state with severe hypernatremia coexisting with central diabetes insipidus: A case report and literature review
  140. Efficacy and mechanism of escin in improving the tissue microenvironment of blood vessel walls via anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects: Implications for clinical practice
  141. Merkel cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of three patients and literature review
  142. Genetic variants in VWF exon 26 and their implications for type 1 Von Willebrand disease in a Saudi Arabian population
  143. Lipoxin A4 improves myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the Notch1-Nrf2 signaling pathway
  144. High levels of EPHB2 expression predict a poor prognosis and promote tumor progression in endometrial cancer
  145. Knockdown of SHP-2 delays renal tubular epithelial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis
  146. Exploring the toxicity mechanisms and detoxification methods of Rhizoma Paridis
  147. Concomitant gastric carcinoma and primary hepatic angiosarcoma in a patient: A case report
  148. Ecology and Environmental Science
  149. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  150. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  151. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  152. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  153. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  154. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  155. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  156. Fungal and bacterial pathogenic co-infections mainly lead to the assembly of microbial community in tobacco stems
  157. Influencing of coal industry related airborne particulate matter on ocular surface tear film injury and inflammatory factor expression in Sprague-Dawley rats
  158. Temperature-dependent development, predation, and life table of Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson) (Diptera: Syrphidae) feeding on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
  159. Eleonora’s falcon trophic interactions with insects within its breeding range: A systematic review
  160. Agriculture
  161. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  162. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  163. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  164. Molecular mechanism of follicular development in laying hens based on the regulation of water metabolism
  165. Animal Science
  166. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  167. Plant Sciences
  168. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  169. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  170. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  171. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  172. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  173. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  174. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  175. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  176. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  177. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  178. Using plant electrical signals of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for water pollution monitoring
  179. Food Science
  180. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  181. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  182. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  183. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  184. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  185. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  186. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  187. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  188. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  189. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  190. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  191. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  192. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  193. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  194. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  195. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  196. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  197. Corrigendum
  198. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
  199. Corrigendum to “Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans”
  200. Retraction
  201. Retraction of “Down-regulation of miR-539 indicates poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1112
Keywords for this article
curcumin; bioavailability; dietary supplement; functional food
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

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  2. Mechanism of triptolide regulating proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma cells by inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway
  3. Maslinic acid improves mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress and autophagy in human gastric smooth muscle cells
  4. Comparative analysis of inflammatory biomarkers for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: IL-6, IL-8, SAA, CRP, and PCT
  5. Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency
  6. Proteome differences of dental stem cells between permanent and deciduous teeth by data-independent acquisition proteomics
  7. Optimizing a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide protocol for fungal DNA extraction: Insights from multilocus gene amplification
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  10. Battling COVID-19 leveraging nanobiotechnology: Gold and silver nanoparticle–B-escin conjugates as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors
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  12. Impact of fracture fixation surgery on cognitive function and the gut microbiota in mice with a history of stroke
  13. COLEC10: A potential tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of EMT and PI3K-AKT pathways
  14. High-temperature requirement serine protease A2 inhibitor UCF-101 ameliorates damaged neurons in traumatic brain-injured rats by the AMPK/NF-κB pathway
  15. SIK1 inhibits IL-1β-stimulated cartilage apoptosis and inflammation in vitro through the CRTC2/CREB1 signaling
  16. Rutin–chitooligosaccharide complex: Comprehensive evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vitro and in vivo
  17. Knockdown of Aurora kinase B alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast cells damage and inflammation during gestational diabetes
  18. Calcium-sensing receptors promoted Homer1 expression and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
  19. ABI3BP can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells
  20. Changes in blood glucose and metabolism in hyperuricemia mice
  21. Rapid detection of the GJB2 c.235delC mutation based on CRISPR-Cas13a combined with lateral flow dipstick
  22. IL-11 promotes Ang II-induced autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial dysfunction in atrial fibroblasts
  23. Short-chain fatty acid attenuates intestinal inflammation by regulation of gut microbial composition in antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  24. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of pathogens in patients with diabetes complicated by community-acquired pneumonia
  25. NAT10 promotes radiotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by regulating KPNB1-mediated PD-L1 nuclear translocation
  26. Phytol-mixed micelles alleviate dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish: Activation of the MMP3–OPN–MAPK pathway-mediating bone remodeling
  27. Association between TGF-β1 and β-catenin expression in the vaginal wall of patients with pelvic organ prolapse
  28. Primary pleomorphic liposarcoma involving bilateral ovaries: Case report and literature review
  29. Effects of de novo donor-specific Class I and II antibodies on graft outcomes after liver transplantation: A pilot cohort study
  30. Sleep architecture in Alzheimer’s disease continuum: The deep sleep question
  31. Ephedra fragilis plant extract: A groundbreaking corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments – electrochemical, EDX, DFT, and Monte Carlo studies
  32. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult patient with upper jaw and pulmonary involvement: A case report
  33. Inhibition of mast cell activation by Jaranol-targeted Pirin ameliorates allergic responses in mouse allergic rhinitis
  34. Aeromonas veronii-induced septic arthritis of the hip in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  35. Clusterin activates the heat shock response via the PI3K/Akt pathway to protect cardiomyocytes from high-temperature-induced apoptosis
  36. Research progress on fecal microbiota transplantation in tumor prevention and treatment
  37. Low-pressure exposure influences the development of HAPE
  38. Stigmasterol alleviates endplate chondrocyte degeneration through inducing mitophagy by enhancing PINK1 mRNA acetylation via the ESR1/NAT10 axis
  39. AKAP12, mediated by transcription factor 21, inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis in lung squamous cell carcinoma
  40. Association between PAX9 or MSX1 gene polymorphism and tooth agenesis risk: A meta-analysis
  41. A case of bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  42. Case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis complicated with cervical lymph node and pulmonary tuberculosis
  43. p-Cymene inhibits pro-fibrotic and inflammatory mediators to prevent hepatic dysfunction
  44. GFPT2 promotes paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells via activating NF-κB signaling pathway
  45. Transfer RNA-derived fragment tRF-36 modulates varicose vein progression via human vascular smooth muscle cell Notch signaling
  46. RTA-408 attenuates the hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice possibly by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
  47. Decreased serum TIMP4 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
  48. Sirt1 protects lupus nephritis by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway in human glomerular mesangial cells
  49. Sodium butyrate aids brain injury repair in neonatal rats
  50. Interaction of MTHFR polymorphism with PAX1 methylation in cervical cancer
  51. Convallatoxin inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis of glioma cells via regulating JAK/STAT3 pathway
  52. The effect of the PKR inhibitor, 2-aminopurine, on the replication of influenza A virus, and segment 8 mRNA splicing
  53. Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans
  54. Small cell lung cancer with small intestinal metastasis: Case report and literature review
  55. GRB14: A prognostic biomarker driving tumor progression in gastric cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by interacting with COBLL1
  56. 15-Lipoxygenase-2 deficiency induces foam cell formation that can be restored by salidroside through the inhibition of arachidonic acid effects
  57. FTO alleviated the diabetic nephropathy progression by regulating the N6-methyladenosine levels of DACT1
  58. Clinical relevance of inflammatory markers in the evaluation of severity of ulcerative colitis: A retrospective study
  59. Zinc valproic acid complex promotes osteoblast differentiation and exhibits anti-osteoporotic potential
  60. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in the bronchial cavity: A case report
  61. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid improves the detection of pulmonary infection
  62. Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor with extensive rhabdoid differentiation: A case report
  63. Genomic analysis of a novel ST11(PR34365) Clostridioides difficile strain isolated from the human fecal of a CDI patient in Guizhou, China
  64. Effects of tiered cardiac rehabilitation on CRP, TNF-α, and physical endurance in older adults with coronary heart disease
  65. Changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with colorectal cancer before and after acupoint catgut embedding acupuncture observation
  66. Modulating the tumor microenvironment: The role of traditional Chinese medicine in improving lung cancer treatment
  67. Alterations of metabolites related to microbiota–gut–brain axis in plasma of colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer patients
  68. Research on individualized drug sensitivity detection technology based on bio-3D printing technology for precision treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  69. CEBPB promotes ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by stimulating tumor growth and activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway
  70. Oncolytic bacteria: A revolutionary approach to cancer therapy
  71. A de novo meningioma with rapid growth: A possible malignancy imposter?
  72. Diagnosis of secondary tuberculosis infection in an asymptomatic elderly with cancer using next-generation sequencing: Case report
  73. Hesperidin and its zinc(ii) complex enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
  74. Research progress on the regulation of autophagy in cardiovascular diseases by chemokines
  75. Anti-arthritic, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory regulation by the benzimidazole derivative BMZ-AD: Insights from an FCA-induced rat model
  76. Immunoassay for pyruvate kinase M1/2 as an Alzheimer’s biomarker in CSF
  77. The role of HDAC11 in age-related hearing loss: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
  78. Evaluation and application analysis of animal models of PIPNP based on data mining
  79. Therapeutic approaches for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by targeting pyroptosis
  80. Fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Ruellia tuberosa leaf extract induces apoptosis through P53 and STAT3 signalling pathways in prostate cancer cells
  81. Haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunoradiotherapy for severe aplastic anemia complicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
  82. Modulation of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway by Erianin: A novel approach to reduce psoriasiform inflammation and inflammatory signaling
  83. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and clinical pathological features in breast cancer patients
  84. Innovations in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Bridging modern diagnostics and historical insights
  85. BAP1 complexes with YY1 and RBBP7 and its downstream targets in ccRCC cells
  86. Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
  87. Electroacupuncture alleviates sciatic nerve injury in sciatica rats by regulating BDNF and NGF levels, myelin sheath degradation, and autophagy
  88. Polydatin prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by regulating cholesterol metabolism via PPAR-γ signaling
  89. RNF144A and RNF144B: Important molecules for health
  90. Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in the healthy population
  91. Artesunate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion through OGA-mediated O-GlcNAcylation of ZEB1
  92. Endovascular management of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage caused by a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: Case report and review of the literature
  93. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in patients with relapsed refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A meta-analysis
  94. SATB2 promotes humeral fracture healing in rats by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
  95. Overexpression of the ferroptosis-related gene, NFS1, corresponds to gastric cancer growth and tumor immune infiltration
  96. Understanding risk factors and prognosis in diabetic foot ulcers
  97. Atractylenolide I alleviates the experimental allergic response in mice by suppressing TLR4/NF-kB/NLRP3 signalling
  98. FBXO31 inhibits the stemness characteristics of CD147 (+) melanoma stem cells
  99. Immune molecule diagnostics in colorectal cancer: CCL2 and CXCL11
  100. Inhibiting CXCR6 promotes senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells with limited proinflammatory SASP to attenuate hepatic fibrosis
  101. Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents
  102. Pulmonary cryptococcosis with headache as the first presentation: A case report
  103. Solitary pulmonary metastasis with cystic airspaces in colon cancer: A rare case report
  104. RUNX1 promotes denervation-induced muscle atrophy by activating the JUNB/NF-κB pathway and driving M1 macrophage polarization
  105. Morphometric analysis and immunobiological investigation of Indigofera oblongifolia on the infected lung with Plasmodium chabaudi
  106. The NuA4/TIP60 histone-modifying complex and Hr78 modulate the Lobe2 mutant eye phenotype
  107. Experimental study on salmon demineralized bone matrix loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: In vitro and in vivo study
  108. A case of IgA nephropathy treated with a combination of telitacicept and half-dose glucocorticoids
  109. Analgesic and toxicological evaluation of cannabidiol-rich Moroccan Cannabis sativa L. (Khardala variety) extract: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico study
  110. Wound healing and signaling pathways
  111. Combination of immunotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy on prognosis of patients with multiple brain metastases: A retrospective cohort study
  112. To explore the relationship between endometrial hyperemia and polycystic ovary syndrome
  113. Research progress on the impact of curcumin on immune responses in breast cancer
  114. Biogenic Cu/Ni nanotherapeutics from Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl seeds for the treatment of lung cancer
  115. Dapagliflozin attenuates atrial fibrosis via the HMGB1/RAGE pathway in atrial fibrillation rats
  116. Glycitein alleviates inflammation and apoptosis in keratinocytes via ROS-associated PI3K–Akt signalling pathway
  117. ADH5 inhibits proliferation but promotes EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cell through activating Smad2/Smad3
  118. Apoptotic efficacies of AgNPs formulated by Syzygium aromaticum leaf extract on 32D-FLT3-ITD human leukemia cell line with PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  119. Novel cuproptosis-related genes C1QBP and PFKP identified as prognostic and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma
  120. Bee venom promotes exosome secretion and alters miRNA cargo in T cells
  121. Treatment of pure red cell aplasia in a chronic kidney disease patient with roxadustat: A case report
  122. Comparative bioinformatics analysis of the Wnt pathway in breast cancer: Selection of novel biomarker panels associated with ER status
  123. Kynurenine facilitates renal cell carcinoma progression by suppressing M2 macrophage pyroptosis through inhibition of CASP1 cleavage
  124. RFX5 promotes the growth, motility, and inhibits apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma cells through the SIRT1/AMPK axis
  125. ALKBH5 exacerbates early cardiac damage after radiotherapy for breast cancer via m6A demethylation of TLR4
  126. Phytochemicals of Roman chamomile: Antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening activities of distillation residues
  127. Circadian gene Cry1 inhibits the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma by the BAX/BCL2-mediated apoptosis pathway
  128. The TNFR-RIPK1/RIPK3 signalling pathway mediates the effect of lanthanum on necroptosis of nerve cells
  129. Longitudinal monitoring of autoantibody dynamics in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer undergoing surgery
  130. The potential role of rutin, a flavonoid, in the management of cancer through modulation of cell signaling pathways
  131. Construction of pectinase gene engineering microbe and its application in tobacco sheets
  132. Construction of a microbial abundance prognostic scoring model based on intratumoral microbial data for predicting the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma
  133. Sepsis complicated by haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and human herpesvirus 8 in an immunocompromised elderly patient: A case report
  134. Sarcopenia in liver transplantation: A comprehensive bibliometric study of current research trends and future directions
  135. Advances in cancer immunotherapy and future directions in personalized medicine
  136. Can coronavirus disease 2019 affect male fertility or cause spontaneous abortion? A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
  137. Heat stroke associated with novel leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor gene variant in a Chinese infant
  138. PSME2 exacerbates ulcerative colitis by disrupting intestinal barrier function and promoting autophagy-dependent inflammation
  139. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state with severe hypernatremia coexisting with central diabetes insipidus: A case report and literature review
  140. Efficacy and mechanism of escin in improving the tissue microenvironment of blood vessel walls via anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects: Implications for clinical practice
  141. Merkel cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of three patients and literature review
  142. Genetic variants in VWF exon 26 and their implications for type 1 Von Willebrand disease in a Saudi Arabian population
  143. Lipoxin A4 improves myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through the Notch1-Nrf2 signaling pathway
  144. High levels of EPHB2 expression predict a poor prognosis and promote tumor progression in endometrial cancer
  145. Knockdown of SHP-2 delays renal tubular epithelial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis
  146. Exploring the toxicity mechanisms and detoxification methods of Rhizoma Paridis
  147. Concomitant gastric carcinoma and primary hepatic angiosarcoma in a patient: A case report
  148. Ecology and Environmental Science
  149. Optimization and comparative study of Bacillus consortia for cellulolytic potential and cellulase enzyme activity
  150. The complete mitochondrial genome analysis of Haemaphysalis hystricis Supino, 1897 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications
  151. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis population in Huzhou City, Eastern China
  152. Indices of human impacts on landscapes: How do they reflect the proportions of natural habitats?
  153. Genetic analysis of the Siberian flying squirrel population in the northern Changbai Mountains, Northeast China: Insights into population status and conservation
  154. Diversity and environmental drivers of Suillus communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of Inner Mongolia
  155. Global assessment of the fate of nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems: Insights from 15N tracer studies
  156. Fungal and bacterial pathogenic co-infections mainly lead to the assembly of microbial community in tobacco stems
  157. Influencing of coal industry related airborne particulate matter on ocular surface tear film injury and inflammatory factor expression in Sprague-Dawley rats
  158. Temperature-dependent development, predation, and life table of Sphaerophoria macrogaster (Thomson) (Diptera: Syrphidae) feeding on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
  159. Eleonora’s falcon trophic interactions with insects within its breeding range: A systematic review
  160. Agriculture
  161. Integrated analysis of transcriptome, sRNAome, and degradome involved in the drought-response of maize Zhengdan958
  162. Variation in flower frost tolerance among seven apple cultivars and transcriptome response patterns in two contrastingly frost-tolerant selected cultivars
  163. Heritability of durable resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
  164. Molecular mechanism of follicular development in laying hens based on the regulation of water metabolism
  165. Animal Science
  166. Effect of sex ratio on the life history traits of an important invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda
  167. Plant Sciences
  168. Hairpin in a haystack: In silico identification and characterization of plant-conserved microRNA in Rafflesiaceae
  169. Widely targeted metabolomics of different tissues in Rubus corchorifolius
  170. The complete chloroplast genome of Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass., 1820 (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis
  171. Field trial to correlate mineral solubilization activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and biochemical content of groundnut plants
  172. Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study
  173. Plasticity of the anatomical traits of Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae) leaves and its implications in adaptation to the plateau environment
  174. Effects of Piriformospora indica and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on growth and physiology of Moringa oleifera under low-temperature stress
  175. Effects of different sources of potassium fertiliser on yield, fruit quality and nutrient absorption in “Harward” kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
  176. Comparative efficiency and residue levels of spraying programs against powdery mildew in grape varieties
  177. The DREB7 transcription factor enhances salt tolerance in soybean plants under salt stress
  178. Using plant electrical signals of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for water pollution monitoring
  179. Food Science
  180. Phytochemical analysis of Stachys iva: Discovering the optimal extract conditions and its bioactive compounds
  181. Review on role of honey in disease prevention and treatment through modulation of biological activities
  182. Computational analysis of polymorphic residues in maltose and maltotriose transporters of a wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
  183. Optimization of phenolic compound extraction from Tunisian squash by-products: A sustainable approach for antioxidant and antibacterial applications
  184. Liupao tea aqueous extract alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by modulating the gut microbiota
  185. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review
  186. Polyphenolic spectrum of cornelian cherry fruits and their health-promoting effect
  187. Optimizing the encapsulation of the refined extract of squash peels for functional food applications: A sustainable approach to reduce food waste
  188. Advancements in curcuminoid formulations: An update on bioavailability enhancement strategies curcuminoid bioavailability and formulations
  189. Impact of saline sprouting on antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds in chia seeds
  190. The dilemma of food genetics and improvement
  191. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  192. Impact of hyaluronic acid-modified hafnium metalorganic frameworks containing rhynchophylline on Alzheimer’s disease
  193. Emerging patterns in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis spanning two decades
  194. Application of CRISPR/Cas gene editing for infectious disease control in poultry
  195. Preparation of hafnium nitride-coated titanium implants by magnetron sputtering technology and evaluation of their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility
  196. Preparation and characterization of lemongrass oil nanoemulsion: Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer activities
  197. Corrigendum
  198. Corrigendum to “Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells”
  199. Corrigendum to “Effects of Ire1 gene on virulence and pathogenicity of Candida albicans”
  200. Retraction
  201. Retraction of “Down-regulation of miR-539 indicates poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer”
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