Startseite Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
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Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis

  • Yufen Peng , Qi Tu , Yao Han , Liang Gao und Chenyi Wan EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 12. Dezember 2023
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Abstract

Neurologists have a difficult time identifying sporadic cerebellar ataxia. Multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type (MSA-C), spontaneous late cortical cerebellar atrophy, and prolonged alcohol use are a few possible causes. In a group of people with sporadic cerebellar ataxia that was not MSA-C, an autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) mutation was recently discovered. Chinese single-hospital cohort will be used in this study to genetic screen for SCA-related genes. One hundred forty individuals with CA were monitored over 8 years. Thirty-one individuals had familial CA, 109 patients had sporadic CA, 73 had MSA-C, and 36 had non-MSA-C sporadic CA. In 28 of the 31 non-MSA-C sporadic patients who requested the test, we carried out gene analysis, including SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA8, SCA12, SCA17, SCA31, and dentatorubro-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). The control group consisted of family members of the patients. In 57% of the instances with spontaneous CA that were not MSA-C, gene abnormalities were discovered. The most frequent exception among individuals with sporadic CA was SCA6 (36%), followed by monsters in SCA1, 2, 3, 8, and DRPLA. In contrast, 75% of the patients with familial CA had gene abnormalities, the most frequent of which was SCA6 abnormality. The age of 69 vs 59 was higher, and the CAG repeat length was a minor age of 23 vs 25 in the former instances compared to the last one among individuals with SCA6 anomalies that were sporadic as opposed to familial cases. In sporadic CA, autosomal-dominant mutations in SCA genes, notably in SCA6, are common. Although the cause of the increased incidence of SCA6 mutations is unknown, it may be related to a greater age of onset and varied penetrance of SCA6 mutations.

Keywords: spinal cerebellar ataxia; heredity; sporadic; genetic diagnosis

1 Introduction

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a distinct autosomal dominantly inherited neurological disease category. Nearly 50 subtypes have now been identified. In advance of this, a systematic study indicated 2.7 incidences of SCA per 100,000 people worldwide [1]. Cerebellar atrophy is a key pathological feature of SCAs, and ataxia gait is often the first symptom, according to clinical and pathological research. Cerebellar symptoms such as stumbling gait, slurred speech, and nystagmus are the usual clinical signs of SCAs. Various non-cerebellar symptoms, including extrapyramidal symptoms, dystonia, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and Parkinsonian syndromes, may also be present in SCAs [2]. Clinical variation exists in many SCA subtypes and within a single subtype. Any reliable biomarker cannot yet determine the disease state of SCA. The most typical sign that SCAs are beginning is abnormal gait. The most often used metrics for judging the clinical gaits of SCA patients are ataxia measures, specifically semi-quantitative scales [3].

Given that over 60% of the world’s population resides on the Asian continent, most SCA patients are either of Asian ancestry or residents of the Asian continent. Despite this, Asian nations provide a disproportionately small amount of scientific evidence on SCA. A few nations account for the bulk of research, whereas many other nations currently need to be represented in the literature [4]. This indicates that for many Asian nations, information about the frequency of SCA, genetic subgroups, and illness symptoms is lacking. It is becoming more crucial than ever for SCA patients to be identified early on and for a specific SCA genotype to be determined since novel treatment options for SCAs are on the horizon, some of which are very selective for certain genotypes [5]. In Asia, especially China, where Friedreich’s ataxia is uncommon, 17.3% of 237 individuals in sporadic cerebellar ataxia had a dominant SCA mutation that causes the condition [6]. These mutations include 23 SCA3, 9 SCA2, 6 SCA1, and 3 SCA6 mutations. Given that SCA6 seems to present later than other forms of SCA, nine it is possible that people with sporadic cerebellar ataxia are more likely to have mutations in the CACNA1A gene, which causes SCA 6 [7]. To support this theory, we genetically tested SCA genes in a group of Chinese patients from a single hospital.

2 Analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis in SCA

Ghorbani et al. [8] included cerebellar ataxia patients sent to the University Medical Center Groningen for SCA genetic tests. The Infinium Global Screening Array has been employed to carry out genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. After processing the data, genotyping data were input into the NxClinical application to conduct Copy number variant (CNV) assessment for each patient and to demonstrate CNVs in 36 genes with assigned SCA symbols. Using data from research that uses PubMed searches in the literature for comparable CNVs and phenotypic characteristics, the clinical significance of discovered CNVs was established. Yang et al. [9] assessed the levels of neurofilament light (NfL) in SCA type 2 (SCA2) patients and confirmed if these levels are related to the severity of the condition. Patients having SCA2 were genetically identified, and participants were drawn from one Chinese medical facility. The single molecule array technique was used to measure NfL levels. Patients having SCA2 were genetically determined, and participants were removed from one Chinese medical facility. The single molecule array technique was used to measure NfL levels.

Arias [10] analyzed the most prevalent autosomal recessive SCA types. A comprehensive evaluation of the clinical phenotype, lab tests, nerve conduction investigations, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination may aid in making a preliminary diagnosis that should be verified by identifying the underlying genetic mutation. For prognosis, good genetic counseling, and certain entities’ proper treatment, a positive genetic test result is required. It can only conduct fundamental research or clinical trials with a genetic diagnosis. Giardina et al. [11] described an instance of late-onset oro-facial dyskinesia of an older patient with SCA2 as a genetic diagnosis. Huntington’s disease is often the only genetic condition that causes oro-facial dyskinesia; other states are frequently overlooked or underappreciated. SCA2 is one of the potential reasons for adult-onset orofacial dyskinesia, mainly if there is evidence from the family history of an inherited cerebellar condition. Clinical features like Parkinsonism and motor neuron disease could be relevant indicators for a prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. Agarwal et al. [12] assessed the level of cognitive impairment in people with SCA type 12 (SCA12) diseases. Patients with several SCAs are now known to have cognitive impairment. Patients having SCA12 have not yet been studied for cognitive impairment and conducted cross-sectional research, enrolling 30 SCA12 patients with genetic confirmation and 30 healthy, age-, gender-, and∼education-matched controls. Several established neurocognitive tests were used to evaluate various cognitive areas.

Starting in November 2019, individuals from Huashan Hospital and the CABLE project were recruited one after the other for the research [13]. Patients diagnosed with spinal cord atrophy (SCA) were genetically analyzed, ranked according to the severity of their ataxia, and contrasted with patients diagnosed with multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type (MSA-C). Healthy older persons were also included in the comparison. Simoa performed tests on all subjects to determine the plasma NfL, GFAP, p-tau, and A levels. To investigate potential indicators associated with SCA, we used a study of covariance findings, a Spearman correlation, and a multivariable regression. van Prooije et al. [14] provided a synopsis of three primary characteristics of SCA in Asian populations. A meticulous examination of epidemiological research was carried out. In general, SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6 are the most prevalent subtypes, although the exact incidence of all of these SCA subtypes varies significantly among the nations of Asia. They provided a synopsis of the phenotypic manifestations associated with SCA patients of Asian descent. One such symptom is the frequent co-occurrence of Parkinsonism in specific SCA subtypes.

In conclusion, exploratory survey research was conducted to map SCA-specific skills, resources, and management across various Asian nations. Schmitz‐Hübsch et al. [15] investigated data on the brain’s neurological, cognitive, and imaging properties that were prospectively collected from 33 individuals with the protein kinase C gamma (PRKCG) variation. The use of protein modeling as criteria for categorization in interpretations of uncertain significance (VUS) was recently implemented. In the most significant cohort studied to date, SCA-PRKCG was found to be a cerebellar syndrome that progressed slowly over time and had specific clinical and imaging symptoms indicative of a developmental illness. The cerebellar disease is likely the cause of the reported non-ataxia movement abnormalities and cognitive-affective disturbance.

Chiu et al. [16] identified two spinocerebellar ataxia type 16 (SCAR16) pedigrees from 512 cerebellar ataxia-afflicted Taiwanese households. Regarding their clinical conditions, the three individuals from the two SCAR16 families all had cerebellar ataxia alone or in conjunction with cognitive impairment. The patient’s cerebellar atrophy was seen on the brain MRIs. Rentiya et al. [17] examined the most common SCA subtypes according to their genetic origin, etiology, neurological manifestations, additional presenting symptoms, and diagnostic workup. The quest for a treatment for SCA, which is now incurable, should be one of the other research objectives in this area. Saucier et al. [18] analyzed the typical beginning age was 59.1 years old, with symptoms including dysarthria and ataxia that developed gradually over time. Coulometer malfunction, dysphagia or hypoalgesia, vibratory hypoesthesia, and dysreflexia were typical clinical characteristics. Abnormal movements, extrapyramidal symptoms, and cognitive impairment may sometimes be noted in patients with this condition. Radiological examinations will likely reveal a high incidence of atrophy affecting the cerebellum, which may sometimes be accompanied by atrophy affecting the brainstem and the cortices.

Alshimemeri et al. [19] discussed the prevalence of autosomal dominant (AD) SCA and its distribution and clinical features. It identified significant differences in most frequent SCA among all three investigated provinces. This conclusion shows the diverse character of Canada’s population reflected in its heterogeneity. Ghorbani [20] examined a group of patients who had yet to be solved to search for genetic variants in all genes known to have a role in the development of SCA. They were able to identify the genetic root of 22 individuals’ conditions. The fact that geneticists can identify gene variation without determining its cause is a significant obstacle for diagnostics [21].

3 Materials and methods

One hundred forty individuals with CA remained after the initial assessment. Based on a thorough history encompassing 4 generations, 140 individuals with the condition were divided into 31 individuals with hereditary CA and 109 people with sporadic CA (Figure 1).

Figure 1 The process of patient recruiting.
Figure 1

The process of patient recruiting.

Only one patient with spontaneous CA had consanguinity (his parents are relatives). We eliminated 73 individuals with an MSA-C diagnosis using the established criteria. When sleep apnea/nocturnal stridor was indicated, we conducted head-up tilt tests, urodynamics accompanied by sphincter electromyography, and sleep studies. Of the remaining 67 individuals, 31 had familial CA, and 36 had sporadic non-MSA-C cerebellar ataxia. Twenty-eight individuals (80%) of the 36 people with sporadic non-MSA cerebellar ataxia asked for gene testing. Of the 31 individuals with familial CA, 24 (or 77%) asked to have their genes examined. The patients with familial CA served as the controls in the current investigation, including 52 individuals. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient∼test and the Student’s t-test were used for the statistical study.

3.1 Inclusion criteria

All patients with CA referred to our neurology clinic throughout 8 years were the original inclusion criteria. Each patient was followed up for 5 years to determine the clinical diagnosis. The “Mini-Mental State Examination (0-30) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (0-18)” were used as cognitive screening tests, along with “MRI and single-photon emission computed tomography” used L-ethyl cysteine dimer, on all patients as part of the initial workup.

3.2 Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria included chronic CNS infections, hepatic encephalopathy, immune-mediated inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, Wernicke encephalopathy, regular alcohol use, diphenylhydantoin intoxication, superficial siderosis, and drug abuse, which were identified through a thorough nerve conduction study, examination, history taking, and blood tests.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies, and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the authors’ institutional review board or equivalent committee.

4 Results and discussion

4.1 Patient demographics

Imaging studies on 52 patients with CA revealed that 39% had cortical atrophy. Sixteen of these people had a genetic form of CA, whereas the remaining 23 cases were sporadic. According to the results of the neurological exams and tests, the patients had no signs of other CA.

The cerebellar hemisphere/vermis was the only part of the brain that showed any shrinkage or aberrant signals in any of the patients’ MRI studies. Thirteen individuals (sporadic 5, familial 8) had no history of CCA. Thirteen of the patients presented with various neurological disorders, including three with abnormal extraocular motion, two with extrapyramidal symptoms, six with pyramidal symptoms, three with peripheral neuropathy, one with myoclonus, one with epilepsy, and one with impaired vision. One patient had white matter lesions, and ten others had pontine atrophy, as seen on brain MRI images (Tables 1–4). Ten genes, SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA8, SCA12, SCA17, SCA31, and dentatorubro-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), along with the CAG and TGGAA repeat length, were the focus of our gene analysis.

Table 1

Gene analysis results for sporadic cases

Gene analysis result
Patient Sex No. of repeat Inheritance Age (years) Disease duration (years) AAO (years)
S1 M ND Sporadic 39 31 8
S2 M ND Sporadic 55 10 45
S3 M ND Sporadic 59 6 53
S4 F ND Sporadic 63 1 62
S5 M ND Sporadic 66 4 62
S6 M ND Sporadic 66 18 48
S7 F ND Sporadic 68 5 63
S8 F ND Sporadic 69 5 64
S9 M ND Sporadic 75 23 52
S10 M ND Sporadic 75 13 62
S11 F ND Sporadic 76 2 74
S12 F ND Sporadic 80 1 79
S13 M SCA1 Sporadic 65 55 10
S14 M SCA1 Sporadic 77 2 75
S15 M SCA2 Sporadic 56 10 46
S16 F SCA3 Sporadic 71 5 66
S17 F SCA6 Sporadic 58 14 44
S18 M SCA6 Sporadic 65 18 47
S19 M SCA6 Sporadic 65 25 41
S20 M SCA6 Sporadic 65 22 43
S21 M SCA6 Sporadic 69 15 54
S22 F SCA6 Sporadic 72 22 50
S23 M SCA6 Sporadic 73 17 56
S24 F SCA6 Sporadic 73 8 65
S25 F SCA6 Sporadic 75 6 69
S26 F SCA6 Sporadic 80 16 66
S27 M SCA8 Sporadic* 58 12 46
S28 F DRPLA Sporadic 16 16 0

Sporadic* in the notation is often used as a symbol to denote additional information or special circumstances.

Table 2

Clinical-imaging features of SCA for sporadic cases

Neurological examination Neuroimaging
Patient AbNL EOM Personality Cbll ataxia Epilepsy Postural hypotension Other Cerebellar atrophy Neuropathy PA Others
S1 − − + − − − + − − −
S2 − − + − − − + − − −
S3 − − + − − − + − − −
S4 − − + − − − + − − −
S5 − − + − − − + − − −
S6 − − + − − − + − − −
S7 − − + − − − + − − −
S8 − − + − − − + − − −
S9 − − + − − − + − − −
S10 − − + − − − + − − −
S11 − − + − − − + − − −
S12 − − + − − − + − + −
S13 − − + − − − + + + −
S14 + − + − − − + − + −
S15 + − + − − − + + + −
S16 − − + − − − + − − −
S17 − − + − − − + − − −
S18 − − + − − − + − − −
S19 − − + − − − + − − −
S20 − − + − − − + − − −
S21 − − + − − − + − − −
S22 − − + − − − + − − −
S23 − − + − − − + − − −
S24 − − + − − − + − − −
S25 − − + − − − + − − −
S26 − − + − − Vertigo − −
S27 − Loss of VS
S28 Decreased

“+” indicates presence of the feature. “−” indicates absence of the feature.

Table 3

Gene analysis results for familial cases

Gene analysis result
Patient No. of repeat Inheritance Age (years) Disease duration (years) Sex AAO (years)
F1 ND AD 38 17 F 21
F2 ND AD 59 11 M 48
F3 ND AD 65 25 M 40
F4 ND AD 76 7 M 69
F5 ND AD 79 3 M 76
F6 ND AD 79 7 M 72
F7 SCA2 37 AD 60 6 F 54
F8 SCA3 80 AD 32 14 F 18
F9 SCA3 71 AD 44 10 M 3,441
F10 SCA3 NA AD 54 13 M 64
F11 SCA3 61 AD 70 620 M 51
F12 SCA3 64 AD 71 2 M 29
F13 SCA6 27 AD 31 13 F 36
F14 SCA6 NA AD 49 20 M 41
F15 SCA6 24 AD 61 18 M 45
F16 SCA6 26 AD 63 19 F 60
F17 SCA6 22 AD 64 11 M 70
F18 SCA31 positive AD 71 5 F 50
F19 SCA31 positive AD 75 20 F 50
F20 SCA31 positive AD 70 20 M 66
F21 SCA31 positive AD 70 7 M 67
F22 SCA31 positive AD 74 7 M 74
F23 SCA31 positive AD 74 1 M 52
F24 SCA31 positive AD 75 1 F 74

Sporadic* in the notation is often used as a symbol to denote additional information or special circumstances.

Table 4

Clinical-imaging features of SCA for familial cases

Neurological examination Neuroimaging
Patient AbNL EOM Personality Neuropathy Epilepsy Cbll ataxia Other Postural hypotension PA Cerebellar atrophy Others
F1 − − − − + − − − + −
F2 − − − − + − − − + −
F3 − − − − + − − − + −
F4 − − − − + − − − + −
F5 − − − − + − − − + −
F6 − − − − + − − − + −
F7 − − − − + − − − + −
F8 − − − − + − − − + −
F9 − − − − + − − − + −
F10 − − − − + − − − + −
F11 − − − − + − − − + −
F12 − − − − + − − + + −
F13 + − + − + − − + + −
F14 + − − − + − − + + −
F15 − − + − + − − + + −
F16 − − − − + − − − + −
F17 − − − − + − − − + −
F18 − − − − + − − − + −
F19 − − − − + − − − + −
F20 − − − − + − − − + −
F21 − − − − + − − − + −
F22 − − − − + − − − + −
F23 − − − − + − − − + −
F24 − − − − + − − − + −

“+” indicates presence of the feature. “−” indicates absence of the feature.

Of the 52 individuals with CA, 34 (65%) gene abnormalities were present. In the study, it was found that the most common type of SCA among the patients was SCA1 in 2 patients (3.8%), SCA2, followed by SCA3 in 6 patients (11.5%), SCA6 was observed in 17 patients (32.7%), SCA8 in 1 patient (1.9%), SCA31 in 5 patients (9.6%), and DRPLA in 1 patient (1.9%). No genetic abnormalities were found in the remaining cases. Gene abnormalities were identified in 11 out of 13 (85%) non-CCA cases when clinical-imaging subgroups broke down the results. Compared to CCA patients, where it was seen in just 23 of 39 (59%; p < 0.05), this is much higher. Patients with CCA had a greater average age of onset (55 years) compared to patients without CCA (40 years), while CCA patients had a shorter average duration of illness (12 years) compared to non-CCA patients (15 years).

Of the 28 people diagnosed with sporadic non-MSA-C cerebellar ataxia, 15 (56%) had underlying genetic disorders. There were 36.0% of instances involving SCA6 (10 individuals), 7.1% involving SCA1, 3.6% involving “SCA2, 3.6% involving SCA3, 3.6% involving SCA8, and 3.6%” involving DRPLA. There was no atypicality in the SCA31 gene. The remaining patients’ genomes had no anomalies found. Clinical imaging subtype analysis revealed that 5/5 (100%) of non-CCA patients had gene abnormalities. More than this was seen in CCA patients, which is to say 10/23 individuals (47.8%) with CCA had SCA6 anomalies; this was not statistically significant. Of the 24 individuals with familial CA, 18 (or 75%) had gene abnormalities. The most frequently mutated gene was SCA6, which was found in 8 patients (30%) and was “followed by SCA3 (4 patients, 20.9%), SCA31 (4 patients, 20.9 percent), SCA1 (1 patient, 3.6%), and SCA2 (1 patient, 3.6%).” In the remaining cases, there were no signs of gene abnormalities. There may be AD heredity in all familial CA cases.

Clinical imaging subtype analysis revealed that 5 out of 7 (71%) non-CCA patients had gene abnormalities. Similar results were shown in CCA patients, where 13/17 (76%) had abnormalities. If we examine age at onset and CAG repeat length (23 vs 25 years), one of them with SCA6 (17 patients), sporadic (10 patients) vs familial instances (7 patients), there was a greater age at onset (not statistically significant) and shorter CAG repeat length (23 vs 25 years) (Table 5).

Table 5

A contrast between sporadic and familial cases of SCA6

Patient Age of onset (years) Sex Age (years) Duration of disease (years) Result of gene analysis (SCA6)
No. of repeat Familiarity No (×) Yes (✓)
SP1 44 F 58 14 26 ×
SP2 47 M 65 18 23 ×
SP3 41 M 65 25 23 ×
SP4 43 M 65 22 NA ×
SP5 54 M 69 15 26 ×
SP6 50 F 72 22 21 ×
SP7 56 M 73 17 21 ×
SP8 65 F 73 8 22 ×
SP9 69 F 75 6 22 ×
SP10 66 F 80 16 23 ×
F1 29 F 31 2 27 ✓
F2 36 M 49 13 NA ✓
F3 41 M 61 20 24 ✓
F4 45 F 63 18 26 ✓
F5 45 M 64 19 NA ✓
F6 60 F 71 11 26 ✓
F7 70 F 75 5 22 ✓

5 Discussion

The most significant conclusions from this study are as follows: 57% of those with sporadic CA other than MSA-C have genetic abnormalities. Most prevalent were SCA6 gene anomalies (36%), then “SCA1 (7.1%), SCA2 (3.6%), SCA3 (3.6%), SCA8 (3.6%), and DRPLA (3.6%).” The SCA7, SCA12, and SCA31 genes were all normal. Thus, mutations in autosomal-dominant SCAs, especially SCA6, are not uncommon in sporadic CA [22,23]. “There were no statistically significant variations between sporadic and familial SCA6 cases in terms of maturity at onset (69 vs 59), disease duration (17 vs 13), or CAG repeat length (23 vs 25).” There were a total of 17 people with SCA6. This study is the first to examine ten genes for mutations associated with AD SCA in sporadic CA. Although the genetic component of sporadic CA has been underreported, we present evidence of a high-frequency rate (57%). Earlier studies only found a frequency of 2.8–18.8%. Thus, these new findings are striking. The gene testing method may have been different, albeit this cannot be confirmed. For instance, we examined ten genes to boost the likelihood of spotting genetic anomalies.

Furthermore, our individuals may have underreported their family dynamics. This cohort’s older time of commencement and varying penetrance of SCA6 anomalies may further account for the disease’s disproportionate prevalence [24]. This might be due to the families’ same cultural background or their tendency to live near one another [25]. In China, people with SCA6 are the norm. “Mutations in the gene responsible for SCA6 may be more common in sporadic CA since SCA6” appears to have the later clinical onset of all kinds of CA [26,27]. It was hypothesized that SCA6 is the most extraordinarily prevalent dominant SCA mutation in sporadic CA, and the current investigation verified this hypothesis.

For those affected by SCA6, a comparison between sporadic and familial instances reveals that the former has a later onset age (69 vs 59) and a shorter CAG repeat length (23 vs 25). As a result, sporadic instances of SCA6 may share less severe clinical-genetic characteristics with their relatives than do familial cases. But this must be sorted out with a more significant sample of patients. The idea that a novel mutation, mistaken paternity, incomplete penetrance, or the transmission’s demise of the parent before the start of clinical symptoms might all contribute to the development of SCA6 without a hereditary component seems consistent with these findings. Consistent with the results of the current investigation, it has been hypothesized that SCA6 and sporadic CCA share several clinical features. This is due to the localization of imaging findings and pathologic substrate in SCA6 to the cerebellar cortex.

6 Conclusion

In conclusion, sporadic CA is frequently caused by autosomal-dominant SCA mutations, notably SCA6. The precise cause is yet unknown. However, it is likely due to a greater age at the start and varied SCA6 penetrance. The amount of triplet repeats is absent from our study since some of our patients had their genes examined at other facilities. This may affect how the clinical-genetic connection turns out. Additional SCA genes, such as SCA11, were also inaccessible for analysis. The difference in the incidence of gene abnormalities between the current research and previous studies may be due to selection bias, including uncertainty about inclusion or exclusion and the lack of genetic history. Our study’s findings unambiguously show that autosomal-dominant SCA mutations, notably SCA6, are common in SCA despite the modest number of study participants. This discovery clarifies the need for appropriate patient care and the potential for future early treatment of this condition.

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission: Study on the mechanism of gap junction participating in the synchronization of epileptic neuronal network and secondary cell death after injury (No. 202130140).

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  3. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-08-20
Revised: 2023-09-23
Accepted: 2023-10-03
Published Online: 2023-12-12

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0762
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
spinal cerebellar ataxia; heredity; sporadic; genetic diagnosis
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BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Biomedical Sciences
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  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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Heruntergeladen am 4.11.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0762/html?lang=de
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