Home Life Sciences Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
Article Open Access

Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity

  • Fanglu Lv EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 4, 2023
Download Article (PDF)
Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 18 Issue 1

Abstract

The occurrence pattern of stereotypic behavior in high-parity confined sows is still unclear. We continually observed the behavioral changes in activity-restricted sows from the first mating to the end of the third parity. The results showed that the second- or third-parity weaned sows exhibited more vacuum chewing and total oral behavior than the first-parity sows. The vacuum chewing of sows in the second and third pregnancies was significantly more than that of the first-pregnancy sows at each stage of pregnancy, and the total oral behavior changed similarly. The sitting of sows in the second and third pregnancies was significantly more than that of the first-pregnancy sows in the early stage of pregnancy, whereas sitting behavior in the third pregnancy was significantly more than that in the middle stages of the first and second pregnancies. Vacuum chewing or sitting was positively correlated with confinement duration. In summary, vacuum chewing and sitting behaviors in sows confined from the first mating were significantly affected by parity. From the late stage of the first pregnancy to the middle stage of the second pregnancy is the key period of stereotypic behavior development for low-parity sows.

Keywords: stereotypic behavior; confinement duration; parity; sow; activity restriction

1 Introduction

Stereotypic behavior is a type of abnormal behavior with a single performance that is caused by a poor environment and has no obvious function [1,2] and is a chronic stress response [3]. Stereotypic behavior mainly manifests itself as increases in oral behaviors and abnormal postures. There are many tissue lesions [4] and abnormal protein expression in the brains of abnormal sows in movement-limited environments [5].

Although some factors involve body weight [6], sow age [7,8], and the shape or size of farrowing crates [6] can cause stereotypic behavior, a confined environment is a more important factor affecting the stereotypic behavior of sows [9]. On the one hand, oral stereotypies may be caused by food restrictions and confinement [6]. Research shows that food-restricted sows housed in an enriched free pen may not perform vacuum chewing [10,11]. On the other hand, posture changes are mostly caused by physical confinement [12].

Early studies found that confinement can lead to high-parity sows with pupil rigidity [13], vacuum chewing, and other stereotypic behaviors [14,15]. Recent research has shown that short-term space restriction can also cause behavioral changes and that the effects of short-term and long-term restrictions are different [16,17]. For the short-term physical confinement of sows in the lactation stage, stereotypic behavior increased slightly; however, the removal of confinement might have minor short-term positive effects on behavior [18,19,20].

Although there is abundant evidence that a confined environment can lead to the formation of stereotypic behavior, previous studies have only compared sows of different parities [13,21] or sows of different pregnancy stages [17]. These cross-sectional studies showed that confinement duration could affect the stereotypic behavior of sows but could not be used to establish long-term trends in stereotypic behavior. Additionally, there are few studies on the stereotypic behavior of lower-parity sows or the process of behavioral change with confinement time.

Therefore, to explore the occurrence pattern of stereotypic behavior, the present study tracked the behavioral changes in activity-restricted sows from the first mating to the end of the third parity. This longitudinal study will help establish the mechanism of stereotypical behavior and improve management systems to elevate the welfare of sows.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Animals and treatment

From April 2016 to July 2017, the experiment was conducted in a grandparent pig breeding farm, Pan Swine Farm, located in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China. The farm had more than 300 breeding sows and implemented batch farrowing. There was no environmental enrichment for the pigs. Normal ventilation and lighting were used in the houses. During the experiment, the average temperature was 18.0°C (10.2–25.5°C), and the average humidity was 56.2% (35.4–78.9%).

The sows were housed in activity-restricted crates (2.1 m long and 0.6 m wide) with a solid floor throughout their pregnancy. During the lactation stage, sows were housed in farrowing crates (2.15 m long and 1.8 m wide, 0.3 m above the ground). The width of the sows’ stalls was 0.6 m. All crates were made with metal bars so that the sows could see their neighbors. During the weaned stage, each of the four sows were housed in a free pen (3.2 m long and 3.2 m wide) with a solid floor and walls. Four individual feeding stalls were used to prevent fighting. The pregnant sows were fed a gestation diet (before day 84 of gestation) or lactation diet (beginning on day 84 of gestation) at 5:30 and 18:00 daily. The lactating and weaned sows were fed a lactation diet at 5:30, 13:00, and 18:00 daily. All diets were pellet shaped and met the nutrient requirements of swine of National Research Council (NRC) [22] (2012) as shown in Table 1. Water was continuously available from an automatic drinking system. The crates were cleaned daily at 6:00. All management, immune procedures, and disease treatments were are implemented in accordance with the standards of this farm.

Table 1

Nutrient composition of the diet of sows (%)

CP CA CF Ca TP NaCl Lys ME (MJ/kg)
Pregnant diet ≥15.0 ≤12.0 ≤12 0.5–1.3 ≥0.4 0.3–1.0 ≥0.6 ≥13.32
Lactation diet ≥16.0 ≤10.0 ≤9 0.6–1.3 ≥0.4 0.3–1.0 ≥0.9 ≥13.75

The nutrient concentration was calculated from the nutrient composition of the raw materials in the NRC (2012). CP, crude protein; CF, crude fat; CA, crude ash; Ca, calcium; TP, total phosphorus; NaCl, sodium chloride; Lys, lysine.

Fifteen healthy Yorkshire gilts (10 months old, 90–100 kg) of the same batch were housed in the same area of gestation crates from the first mating. The physiological status of each sow was maintained as consistently as possible. They were transferred to the farrowing crates 4 days before the expected parturition day. After 28 days of lactation, sows were transferred to free pens. Subsequently, within 6 days, estrus sows were artificially inseminated and then moved back to gestation crates. Estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination were used to ensure batch production. Sows were always in the production cycle synchronously until the end of the third parity. Other management practices were conducted following the uniform standards for commercial pig farms. Some sows were culled because of litter size, illness, dystocia, failing to come into estrus within 7 days after weaning or failing to confirm pregnancy. Thus, only six sows were observed throughout the experiment.

  1. Ethical approval: The research related to animal use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies for the care and use of animals and has been approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Animal Science and Veterinary College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University.

2.2 Behavioral observation

Beginning on the day when the gilts were transferred to the activity-restricted crates, a video recording system was used for 3 consecutive days (if there was something disturbing the sows’ behavior or the video recording, videos from that day were eliminated and recording was extended for 1 day). This observation stage, named stage 0, was used as the baseline. At 1-month intervals, we continuously recorded 7 days during the pregnancy and chose the videos from three of those days for observation by eliminating any disturbed recordings. Behaviors were recorded continuously during the weaning stage. The confinement duration was measured by the 37-day period. All observation stages are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

The full name and the corresponding abbreviation of each stage type of the confinement duration

Confinement period Observing stage Abbreviation
0 Baseline
1 Early stage of the first pregnancy EF
2 Middle stage of the first pregnancy MF
3 Late stage of the first pregnancy LF
4 Weaned stage of the first parity FP
5 Early stage of the second pregnancy ES
6 Middle stage of the second pregnancy MS
7 Late stage of the second pregnancy LS
8 Weaned stage of the second parity SP
9 Early stage of the third pregnancy ET
10 Middle stage of the third pregnancy MT
11 Late stage of the third pregnancy LT
12 Weaned stage of the third parity TP

The setting of the behavior parameters in this study referred to the standard described by Zhang et al. [17]. Behavioral categories were classified as oral behavior and posture. The oral behaviors were vacuum-chewing and bar-biting; the postures were lying, standing, and sitting; and the behavioral categories and their corresponding definitions are shown in Table 3. Scan sampling method was used to sample the behaviors at 1 min interval over a 2 h observation period. The duration of each behavior occurring for longer than 5 s was recorded. The total duration of each behavior between 7:00 and 9:00 was recorded with 3 days that we chose above.

Table 3

The behavioral categories and the corresponding definitions of this paper

Behavioral categories Definitions
Bar-biting Licking, or biting any metal bar of the stall (nosing or rubbing with the stall are elided)
Vacuum chewing Continuous chewing while no feed is present in the mouth
Lying Sleep lying and non-sleeping lying
Standing Sow standing on all fours
Sitting The forelimbs are upright, and the hindquarters are seated on the floor.

The pre-analysis showed that sows were more active before feeding, but there were few oral behaviors observed. Although the sows were more active after feeding, we chose another peak period of activity for behavioral observation because of the difficulty in distinguishing chewing with or without food in the mouth. The total duration of each behavior between 7:00 and 9:00 was recorded for analysis.

2.3 Statistical analysis

SPSS Statistics 20 was used for data analysis. After the data were collected, the normal distribution test and the homogeneity test of variance were performed. A new category of behavior called “total oral behavior” which included bar-biting and vacuum chewing was created for the analysis.

The paired sample t-test was used to compare the behaviors of the weaned sows in different parities. As there were different behavioral expressions between sows at different pregnancy stages [17,23], the behaviors of gestating sows in different parities were split into three groups (early stage, middle stage, and late stage) and then analyzed by paired t-test. The relationship between confinement duration and behavioral changes was analyzed using a general linear model, and the differences among different stages were analyzed with covariance. The total duration of each behavior is expressed as “mean ± SD”. “P < 0.05” was considered significant difference and “P < 0.01” was considered extremely significant difference.

3 Results

3.1 Behaviors of the weaned sows in different parities

As shown in Figure 1a, the vacuum chewing of the second-and-third parity sows (340.33 ± 54.98 and 376.67 ± 80.15, respectively) was significantly more than that of the first-parity sows (193.50 ± 41.11) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in vacuum chewing between the second- and third-parity sows (P > 0.05) nor in the bar-biting behavior of weaned sows in different parities (P > 0.05, Figure 1b). The total oral behavior of the second-parity (394.67 ± 60.43) and third-parity sows (394.67 ± 60.43 and 437.00 ± 85.43, respectively) was significantly more than that of the first-parity sows (254.17 ± 43.30) (P < 0.01, Figure 1c).

Figure 1 The duration of oral behaviors of the weaned sows. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. The lines indicate changes in oral behaviors of each sow at different parities.
Figure 1

The duration of oral behaviors of the weaned sows. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. The lines indicate changes in oral behaviors of each sow at different parities.

3.2 Behaviors of gestating sows in different parities

3.2.1 Behaviors of sows in the early pregnancy stage in different parities

As shown in Figure 2a, sows in the early stage of their second (ES) and third (ET) pregnancies (256.16 ± 21.43 and 363.83 ± 27.49, respectively) exhibited vacuum chewing significantly more than sows in the early stage of their first pregnancy (EF) (134.01 ± 14.5) (P < 0.05), and vacuum chewing of the ET sows showed a tendency to be greater than that of the ES sows (P = 0.062). There was no significant difference in bar-biting among sows during early pregnancy in different parities (P > 0.05, Figure 2b). The total oral behavior of ES and ET sows (314.17 ± 57.44 and 420.00 ± 64.69, respectively) was significantly more than that of EF sows (211.17 ± 29.52) (P < 0.01, Figure 2c).

Figure 2 The duration of behaviors of sows in the early pregnancy. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Early stage of first pregnancy (EF), early stage of second pregnancy (ES), and early stage of third pregnancy (ET). The lines indicate changes in behaviors of each sow in the early pregnancy at different parities.
Figure 2

The duration of behaviors of sows in the early pregnancy. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Early stage of first pregnancy (EF), early stage of second pregnancy (ES), and early stage of third pregnancy (ET). The lines indicate changes in behaviors of each sow in the early pregnancy at different parities.

There was no significant difference in lying or standing among sows in early pregnancy in different parities (P > 0.05, Figure 2d and e). The sitting of ES and ET sows (111.17 ± 6.45 and 113.33 ± 10.41, respectively) was significantly more than that of EF sows (66.17 ± 4.85) (P < 0.05, Figure 2f).

3.2.2 Behaviors of sows in the middle pregnancy stage in different parities

As shown in Figure 3a, the vacuum chewing of sows in the middle stage of their second (MS) and third (MT) pregnancies (340.01 ± 28.33 and 352.17 ± 21.83, respectively) was significantly more than that of sows in the middle stage of their first pregnancy (MF) (134.01 ± 14.5) (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference between the MS and MT sows (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in bar-biting behavior among sows in the middle pregnancy stage in different parities (P > 0.05, Figure 3b). The total oral behavior of MS and MT sows (388.67 ± 74.86 and 414.00 ± 67.06, respectively) was significantly more than that of MF sows (199.00 ± 40.05) (P < 0.05, Figure 3c). There was no significant difference in postures among sows in the middle pregnancy stage in different parities (P > 0.05, Figure 3d–f).

Figure 3 The duration of behaviors of sows in the middle pregnancy. *P < 0.05. Middle stage of first pregnancy (MF), middle stage of second pregnancy (MS), and middle stage of third pregnancy (MT). The lines indicate changes in behaviors of each sow in the middle pregnancy at different parities.
Figure 3

The duration of behaviors of sows in the middle pregnancy. *P < 0.05. Middle stage of first pregnancy (MF), middle stage of second pregnancy (MS), and middle stage of third pregnancy (MT). The lines indicate changes in behaviors of each sow in the middle pregnancy at different parities.

3.2.3 Behaviors of sows in the late pregnancy stage in different parities

As shown in Figure 4a, the vacuum chewing of sows in the late stage of their second (LS) and third (LT) pregnancies (331.83 ± 19.22 and 370.33 ± 32.25, respectively) was significantly more than that of sows in the late stage of their first pregnancy (LF) (214.17 ± 13.31) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bar-biting among sows in late pregnancy in different parities (P > 0.05, Figure 4b). As shown in Figure 4c, the total oral behavior of LS sows (385.50 ± 53.91) was significantly more than that of LF sows (273.67 ± 38.41) (P < 0.05), and the total oral behavior of LT sows (429.00 ± 80.67) was significantly more than that of LF sows (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in posture among sows in late pregnancy in different parities (P > 0.05, Figure 4d–f).

Figure 4 The duration of behaviors of sows in the late pregnancy. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Late stage of first pregnancy (LF), late stage of second pregnancy (LS), and late stage of third pregnancy (LT). The lines indicate changes in behaviors of each sow in the late pregnancy at different parities.
Figure 4

The duration of behaviors of sows in the late pregnancy. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Late stage of first pregnancy (LF), late stage of second pregnancy (LS), and late stage of third pregnancy (LT). The lines indicate changes in behaviors of each sow in the late pregnancy at different parities.

4 Relationship between confinement duration and behavioral changes

The regression analysis showed that only vacuum chewing and sitting had a strong correlation with the confinement duration (R = 0.988, R = 0.978, respectively; P < 0.01).

As shown in Figure 5, the regression equation between vacuum chewing and confinement duration was Y = 0.1127X 4 − 2.9589X 3 + 23.552X 2 − 30.73X + 145.43. The duration of vacuum chewing significantly increased in the LF and MS stages compared with that in the previous stage (P < 0.05), and there were no significant changes at other stages (P > 0.05).

Figure 5 The vacuum-chewing duration time by confinement duration. The lactation period is also included (4, 8). There are significant differences among different stages when marked a, b, and c (P < 0.05).
Figure 5

The vacuum-chewing duration time by confinement duration. The lactation period is also included (4, 8). There are significant differences among different stages when marked a, b, and c (P < 0.05).

As shown in Figure 6, the regression equation between sitting and confinement duration was Y = 0.319X 4 − 0.651X 3 + 3.6763X 2 + 1.9325X + 64.27. The duration of sitting significantly increased in the ES stage (P < 0.05) and was significantly longer in the MT and LT stages than in the MS stage (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes among the stages of the same pregnancy (P > 0.05).

Figure 6 The sitting duration time by confinement duration. The lactation period is also included (4, 8). There are significant differences among different stages when marked a, b, and c (P < 0.05).
Figure 6

The sitting duration time by confinement duration. The lactation period is also included (4, 8). There are significant differences among different stages when marked a, b, and c (P < 0.05).

5 Discussion

In this study, the vacuum chewing of the second- and third- parity sows was significantly more than that of the first-parity sows at each stage of pregnancy, as well as that in the weaned stage. This is consistent with the effect of parity on vacuum chewing in previous studies [21,24,25,26]. A study by Sekiguchi and Koketsu [27] showed that multiparous sows also had a higher percentage of vacuum chewing than gilts. Thus, the impact of parity on vacuum chewing in low-parity sows was as evident as that on high-parity sows. The reason for the occurrence and increase in vacuum chewing may be the inability to adapt to the high stress caused by confinement. However, there are other possible factors, such as food restriction, feeding methods, and breed [6]. In the present study, the vacuum chewing of sows increased sharply starting with MF sows and changed less drastically from MS to LT sows. Zhang et al. [28] found that the vacuum chewing of gilts increased significantly on the 40th day of pregnancy and then slowed down after the 70th day, which is similar to our results. However, we did not find significant decrease in vacuum chewing after the transfer of sows into the free environment as shown by Zhang et al. [28]. The reason for the conflicting results may be that they provided a more enriched environment for weaned sows. At the same time, their definitions of the pregnancy stages and feeding methods also differ from those of the present study.

Bar-biting might be induced by limited exploratory behavior in a poor environment. Fraser [12] found that bar-biting decreased when straw was provided to sows. However, in the present tracking study, the confinement duration and parity had no significant effect on bar-biting. Some studies showed that there was no difference in bar-biting between the first and second parity, but this behavior increased from the third to the fifth parity [16,28]. In the present study, vacuum chewing was the main form of stereotypical behavior. Although bar-biting of sows did not change significantly, the total oral behavior of the second- and third-parity sows was significantly more than that of the first-parity sows in each stage. Zhang et al. [28] found that the stereotypic behavior of sows increased with parity. Increased vacuum chewing might lead to a maintenance or decrease in bar-biting. Rushen [14] found that tethered sows showed bar-biting and drinking behavior immediately, but vacuum chewing occurred over an extended period of time. Therefore, the mechanism of bar-biting may be different from that of vacuum chewing.

The sitting behavior in the present study increased mainly in the early stage of the second pregnancy, and there was an increasing trend in this behavior during the third pregnancy. Previous studies have found that the sow’s hind limb weight-bearing capacity is negatively correlated with parity [4]. A limited environment leads to reduced movement, increased body fat, and weakened leg muscles, which can increase the frequency of sitting [29]. However, Sekiguchi and Koketsu [27] found no relationship between parity and sitting position. The sitting of low-parity sows suggests that it is caused by additional factors to those above, and the reason may be more complicated. In the present study, the sitting posture was accompanied by vacuum chewing. The sitting of sows might be accompanied by depression, frustration, and other negative psychological reactions [30].

Our results show that lying and standing did not change significantly with parity. However, Zhang et al. [17] found that there was a significant difference in standing and lying among different parity sows without strong regularity. Chapinal et al. [21] also found that standing could be affected by the restriction duration, whereas lying was not affected. Zhang et al. [17] found that the standing of gilts was significantly more than that of high-parity sows on the 25th day of pregnancy. Thus, lying and standing may not be affected by the confinement duration in low-parity sows. These conflicting results may be attributable to the floor, which is important for the posture of the sow [31].

6 Conclusions

In summary, vacuum chewing and sitting were significantly affected by the parity of the confined sows. Vacuum chewing was positively correlated with the confinement duration. Sitting also showed a strong correlation with the duration of confinement. Although there are many other factors that may affect stereotypic behavior, we believe that the confinement duration is the leading cause of stereotypic behavior in confined sows, and the period from the late stage of the first pregnancy to the middle stage of the second pregnancy is the key period of stereotypic behavior development in low-parity sows.

Acknowledgments

Author would like to thank the Heilongjiang Animal Science Institute for providing the experimental animals. Author would also like to thank Guoan Yin, Xiaotong Liu, Langchao Yu, and Dongsheng Quan for their assistance with the experiments.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 31402114 and 31972607.

  2. Conflict of interest: Author states no conflict of interest.

  3. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

[1] Schouten WGP, Wiepkema PR. Coping styles of tethered sows. Behav Processes. 1991;25(2–3):125–32.10.1016/0376-6357(91)90015-RSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[2] van der Beek EM, Wiegant VM, Schouten WG, van Eerdenburg FJ, Loijens LW, van der Plas C, et al. Neuronal number, volume, and apoptosis of the left dentate gyrus of chronically stressed pigs correlate negatively with basal saliva cortisol levels. Hippocampus. 2004;14(6):688–700.10.1002/hipo.10213Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Dantzer R. Behavioral, physiological and functional aspects of stereotyped behavior: a review and a re-interpretation. J Anim Sci. 1986;62(6):1776–86.10.2527/jas1986.6261776xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] Fang-lu Lv, Xiang Li, Jian-hong Li, Shi-quan Cui, Hong-gui Liu, Bao Jun. Morphological changes in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of confined sows with prolonged pupillary light reflex. J Northeast Agric Univ. 2016;23(3):39–46.10.1016/S1006-8104(16)30057-5Search in Google Scholar

[5] De Vry J, Prickaerts J, Jetten M, Hulst M, Steinbusch HWM, van den Hove DLA, et al. Recurrent long-lasting tethering reduces BDNF protein levels in the dorsal hippocampus and frontal cortex in pigs. J Northeast Agric Univ. 2012;62(1):10–7.10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.04.019Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Terlouw EMC, Wiersma A, Lawrence A, Macleod H. Ingestion of food facilitates the performance of stereotypies in sows. Anim Behav. 1993;46(5):939–50.10.1006/anbe.1993.1275Search in Google Scholar

[7] Cronin GM, Wiepkema PR, van Ree JM. Endogenous opioids are involved in abnormal stereotyped behaviours of tethered sows. Neuropeptides. 1985;6(6):527–30.10.1016/0143-4179(85)90114-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[8] Mason GJ. Stereotypies: a critical review. Animal Behaviour. 1991;41(6):1015–37.10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80640-2Search in Google Scholar

[9] Gilmer WS, Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, Luther JF, Howland RH, et al. Factors associated with chronic depressive episodes: A preliminary report from the STAR-D project. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;112(6):425–33.10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00633.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] Frank AM. The importance of straw for pig and cattle welfare: A review. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2005;92(3):261–82.10.1016/j.applanim.2005.05.007Search in Google Scholar

[11] Weerd HA, Day J. A review of environmental enrichment for pigs housed in intensive housing systems. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2009;116(1):1–20.10.1016/j.applanim.2008.08.001Search in Google Scholar

[12] Fraser D. The effect of straw on the behaviour of sows in tether stalls. Anim Sci. 1975;21(1):59–68.10.1017/S0003356100030415Search in Google Scholar

[13] Stolba A, Wood-Gush DGM, Baker N. The characterisation of stereotyped behaviour in stalled sows by informational redundancy. Behaviour. 1983;87(3–4):157–82.10.1163/156853983X00417Search in Google Scholar

[14] Rushen J. Stereotypies, aggression and the feeding schedules of tethered sows. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1985;14(2):137–47.10.1016/0168-1591(85)90025-5Search in Google Scholar

[15] Arellano PE, Pijoan C, Jacobson LD, Algers B. Stereotyped behaviour, social interactions and suckling pattern of pigs housed in groups or in single crates. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 1992;35(2):157–66.10.1016/0168-1591(92)90006-WSearch in Google Scholar

[16] Jarvis S, Death RB, Robson SK, Lawrence A. The effect of confinement during lactation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behaviour of primiparous sows. Physiol Behav. 2006;87(2):345–52.10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.10.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[17] Zhang M, Li X, Zhang X, Liu H, Li J, Bao J. Effects of confinement duration and parity on behavioural responses and the degree of psychological fear in pregnant sows. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2017;193:21–8.10.1016/j.applanim.2017.03.016Search in Google Scholar

[18] Hales J, Moustsen VA, Nielsen MBF, Hansen CF. The effect of temporary confinement of hyperprolific sows in Sow Welfare and Piglet protection pens on sow behaviour and salivary cortisol concentrations. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2016;183:19–27.10.1016/j.applanim.2016.07.008Search in Google Scholar

[19] Goumon S, Leszkowova I, Simeckova M, Illmann G. Sow stress levels and behavior and piglet performances in farrowing crates and farrowing pens with temporary crating. J Anim Sci. 2018;96(11):4571–8.10.1093/jas/sky324Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[20] Liu H, Yi R, Wang C, Zhao P, Zhang M, Xu S, et al. Behavior and physiology of two different sow breeds in a farrowing environment during late 35-day lactation. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0197152.10.1371/journal.pone.0197152Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[21] Chapinal N, La Torre JLRD, Cerisuelo A, Gasa J, Baucells MD, Coma J, et al. Evaluation of welfare and productivity in pregnant sows kept in stalls or in 2 different group housing systems. J Vet Behav-Clin Appl Res. 2010;5(2):82–93.10.1016/j.jveb.2009.09.046Search in Google Scholar

[22] National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 11th ed. Washington, DC, USA; National Academies Press; 2012.Search in Google Scholar

[23] Yi R, Zhang R, Liu H, Li X, Bao J. PSV-21 The behavior, physiology and immunity of pregnant sows housed in individual crate with different frequency of sham-chewing. J Anim Sci. 2020;98(Supplement_4):223–4.10.1093/jas/skaa278.411Search in Google Scholar

[24] Den Hartog LA, Backus GBC, Vermeer HM. Evaluation of housing systems for sows. J Anim Sci. 1993;71(5):1339–44.10.2527/1993.7151339xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[25] Arey DS, Edwards SA. Factors influencing aggression between sows after mixing and the consequences for welfare and production. Livest Prod Sci. 1998;56(1):61–70, Washington D C.10.1016/S0301-6226(98)00144-4Search in Google Scholar

[26] Anil L, Anil SS, Deen J, Baidoo SK, Walker RD. Effect of group size and structure on the welfare and performance of pregnant sows in pens with electronic sow feeders. Can J Vet Res-Rev Can Rech Vet. 2006;70(2):128–36.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Sekiguchi T, Koketsu Y. Behavior and reproductive performance by stalled breeding females on a commercial swine farm. J Anim Sci. 2004;82(5):1482–7.10.2527/2004.8251482xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[28] Zhang M, Li X, Zhang X, Liu H, Li J, Bao J. Effects of confinement duration and parity on stereotypic behavioral and physiological responses of pregnant sows. Physiol Behav. 2017;179:369–76.10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.015Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[29] Mcglone JJ, Morrowtesch J. Productivity and behavior of sows in level vs. sloped farrowing pens and crates. J Anim Sci. 1990;68(1):82–7.Search in Google Scholar

[30] McGlone JJ. Updated scientific evidence on the welfare of gestating sows kept in different housing systems. Prof Anim Sci. 2013;29(3):189–98.10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30224-2Search in Google Scholar

[31] Elmore MRP, Garner JP, Johnson AK, Richert BT, Pajor EA. A flooring comparison: the impact of rubber mats on the health, behavior, and welfare of group-housed sows at breeding. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2010;123(1–2):7–15.10.1016/j.applanim.2009.11.012Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2023-04-10
Revised: 2023-05-26
Accepted: 2023-06-10
Published Online: 2023-08-04

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0653
Keywords for this article
stereotypic behavior; confinement duration; parity; sow; activity restriction
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2026 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 27.1.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0653/html
Scroll to top button