Home Life Sciences TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
Article Open Access

TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats

  • Haixia Shi EMAIL logo , Yongfeng Zhao , Su Li , Haitao Wu , Dehua Ma and Chenchen Wan
Published/Copyright: July 27, 2023
Download Article (PDF)
Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 18 Issue 1

Abstract

The expression status of proinflammatory cytokines in high-altitude pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been well studied. However, the changes in interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) during the reversible changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) in PAH after detaching from a hypobaric hypoxic environment have not been elucidated. This investigation elucidated a high-altitude PAH rat model. Then, PAH rats in the high-altitude group were maintained in the high-altitude area, and rats in the low-altitude group returned to the low-altitude area. After 0, 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) were assessed. Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy was reflected by the ratio of RV/[left ventricle + interventricular septum (S)]. Pathological changes in PVR were accessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and medial wall thickness (WT%) and medial wall area (WA%) were measured. TNF-α and IL-8 levels in pulmonary artery tissues and blood were measured with Western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Our results showed that PAH rats exhibited a substantial increase in RVSP and mPAP, RV hypertrophy, PVR, and enhanced generation of TNF-α and IL-8. Then, we found that these pathological changes were gradually aggravated and TNF-α and IL-8 levels were increased in rats in the high-altitude group after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling. In contrast, the mPAP was decreased and PVR was alleviated in rats in the low-altitude group, accompanying with reduced TNF-α and IL-8 production. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the generation of TNF-α and IL-8 was also reversible during the reversible changes in PVR after detaching from a hypobaric hypoxic environment. Thus, proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with PVR severity.

Keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension; TNF-α; mean pulmonary arterial pressure; pulmonary vascular remodeling

1 Introduction

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and extremely harmful cardiovascular disorder, which is considered cancer in the cardiovascular system [1]. PAH is classified by vascular stenosis and increased resistance in small pulmonary arteries, eventually causing right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, afterload, and failure [2]. It is generally known that adverse pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) is a critical pathological feature contributed to the increased vascular resistance in PAH, which is a complex pathophysiological process manifested by pulmonary vascular proliferation, thrombosis inflammation, and fibrosis [3,4]. So far, multifarious advanced pharmacological therapies have been developed for the PAH treatment. However, the long-term prognosis of PAH patients is still unsatisfactory [5,6]. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of PVR during PAH have not been well understood.

Qinghai province in China is a high-altitude region with an average elevation of above 3,000 m. It has a special climate with low pressure, low oxygen, high radiation, and high cold environments, which is significantly different from low altitude and plain regions. It was found that individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who have been residing at high-altitude areas for a prolonged time had higher morbidity and mortality than those living at lower altitude or plain region [7]. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of PVR in high-altitude PAH. It is generally known that inflammatory cells play an essential role in hypoxic PVR. Multiple advanced research has proved that a variety of inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the process of hypoxic PVR [8,9,10]. Interleukin (IL)-8 is an inflammatory cytokine and also a chemokine that is mainly produced by monocyte phagocytes and endothelial cells. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts can also generate IL-8 under appropriate stimulation conditions. IL-8 could stimulate the chemotaxis of neutrophils T cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils and then damage endothelial cells, leading to microcirculation congestion and tissue necrosis [11]. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that can potently regulate the pulmonary circulation [12]. It could rapidly activate neutrophils to release ILs and induce adhesion molecule expression, resulting in neutrophil aggregation and microvascular obstruction in ischemic area, and finally cause vascular endothelium damage [13]. So far, the status and significance of TNF-α and IL-8 in hypoxic PVR have been commonly studied. However, there are no basic and clinical studies at home and abroad on the changes in TNF-α and IL-8 during the reversible changes in PVR after detaching from a hypobaric hypoxic environment, and the histopathological basis is missing.

In this study, a model of high-altitude PAH in Wistar rats was established, and the rats returned to the low-altitude area after PAH modeling. We investigated the expression changes in proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 during the reversible changes in PVR after returning to the low-altitude area and analyzed the relationship between proinflammatory cytokine production and the severity of PVR.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Animal experiments

The standard clean-grade healthy male Wistar rats (6–7 weeks; 170–200 g) utilized in this research were supplied by Beijing HFK Bioscience Co., Ltd (Beijing, China) and were kept in a standard SPF-grade cage, in standard housing conditions (12 h cycle of dark/light, temperature = 22–25°C, humidity = 55–60%) with ad libitum food and water. Wistar rats were categorized into three groups via the random number table method: control, high altitude, and low altitude (n = 40 per group). First, a model of high-altitude PAH in Wistar rats was established by simulating a 5,000 m altitude environment with a hypobaric oxygen chamber provided by the High Altitude Medical Research Center of Qinghai University [14]. The pulmonary artery pressure was assessed to determine the successful establishment of PAH model. Then, Wistar rats in the high-altitude group were maintained in the high-altitude area (Qinghai province with an average elevation of above 3,000 m) after successful modeling, while rats in the low-altitude group were returned to the low-altitude area (plain region with elevation less than 200 m) after PAH modeling. And rats in the healthy control group were maintained in the low-altitude area without PAH modeling and any treatment. Rats in different groups have the same feeding, housing, and environmental conditions except for different high and low altitudes. Each rat was evaluated by independent and well-trained investigators blinded to the experimental grouping. The subsequent experiments were conducted after 0, 10, 20, and 30 days of modeling. The animal protocols were authenticated by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University.

  1. Ethical approval: The research related to animal use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations and institutional policies for the care and use of animals, and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University.

2.2 Hemodynamic Evaluation

Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated as described previously [15,16]. First, to anesthetize, 20% urethane (1.0 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally until rats are fully relaxed, unresponsive to pain stimulation, and have normal breathing and heart rate, and the anesthesia was maintained for approximately 2 h. The rats were then fixed to the operating table. The pulmonary artery pressure was identified by the right heart catheterization method, where a polyethylene catheter was administered into the pulmonary artery and RV via the right external jugular vein. At the other end of the catheter, a P50 pressure transducer was connected to a biological function experimental system (BL-420; Tai Meng Technology, Chengdu, China), and the inserted catheters’ position was correctly calibrated by waveform depicted on the biological function experimental system. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were assessed and recorded.

2.3 RV hypertrophy evaluation

After hemodynamic evaluation, the rat was euthanized by exsanguination after being anesthetized with 2% isoflurane inhalation. The rat heart was exposed and filled with 0.9% saline. The left ventricle (LV) and a tiny hole in the right atrium were punctured with a needle to continuously infuse for 30 min to remove remnant blood. Next, the atrial tissues were cut off. The LV, interventricular septum (S), and RV were separated along the edge of the interventricular septum. After absorbing the moisture with filter paper, the RV, LV, and S were weighed. The degree of RV hypertrophy index was reflected by the ratio of RV/[LV + S].

2.4 HE staining

The lungs were collected for histological evaluation after euthanasia. Pulmonary vessels at a distance of 2 mm from the pulmonary hilum and with 20–150 µm external diameter were randomly selected for assessment. Lung tissues from the pulmonary hilum were then fixed in 10% formalin overnight, followed by paraffin embedding. Then, 5-µm‐thick tissue slices were performed, deparaffinized with xylene, and dehydrated with ethanol dilution series. Next, hematoxylin was utilized for tissue staining for 8 min and then stained the cytoplasm in eosin (Nanjing Yulu experimental equipment Co., Ltd, Nanchang, China). Finally, the slices were dehydrated, mounted in xylene solution for transparency, and sealed with neutral resin. A light microscopy (magnification 200×; BX51; Olympus, Japan) was used for histological evaluation. In addition, six small pulmonary arteries per rat were selected, and the wall thickness (WT), lumen area (LA), vascular area (VA), and external diameter (ED) were calculated by the ImageJ 1.43 software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The percentage of medial WT% was calculated by WT = (2 × WT/ED × 100%), and the percentage of medial wall area (WA) was calculated by WA = ([VA–LA]/VA × 100%).

2.5 Western blot analysis

Whole proteins from rat pulmonary arteries were extracted using lysis buffer, and their concentration was accessed by the bicinchoninic acid method. The same amounts of samples (30 µg/lane) were isolated via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 70 V for 30 min and then 120 V for 90 min and transplanted onto PVDF membranes, which were then incubated at 4°C in primary antibody (Abcam, UK) overnight, and then for 2 h in secondary antibody (1:2,000, Abcam, ab6721) at 37°C. The membranes were visualized via an ECL kit (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), and the gray intensities were determined via the ImageJ software. The protein levels were normalized to GAPDH. The primary antibodies were listed as follows: anti-IL-8 antibody (1:1,000, ab235584), anti-TNF-α antibody (1:1,000, ab183218), and anti-GAPDH antibody (1:2,500, ab9485).

2.6 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Blood samples (1 mL) were obtained from the rat heart and placed in a centrifuge tube (1.5 mL). Then, serum was extracted by 10 min centrifuging blood at 3,000 rpm and 4℃. The serum TNF-α level was tested with TNF-α Detection ELISA Kit (Boster Biological Technology, Wuhan, China) and the serum IL-8 level was detected with IL-8 Detection ELISA Kit (Jianglai Biological Technology, Shanghai, China) as per manufacturer’s guide.

2.7 Statistical measurements

All quantitative data were obtained from at least triplicate experiments and represented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Data analysis was performed on SPSS 22.0 software. Normally distributed data were assessed by the Shapiro–Wilk test. Levene’s test verified the homogeneity of variances. One-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis (Tukey–Kramer correction) was used for the normally distributed data and homogeneous variances. For non-normally distributed data or when the variances were not homogeneous, Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test was applied. Significance was deemed at P  < 0.05.

3 Results

3.1 The mPAP and RVSP of high-altitude PAH rats were gradually decreased after returning to low altitude

A model of high-altitude PAH in Wistar rats was established. Then, Wistar rats in the high-altitude group were maintained in the high-altitude area after successful modeling, while rats in the low-altitude group were returned to the low-altitude area after PAH modeling. As shown in Figure 1a, after PAH modeling, the mPAP of high-altitude rats and low-altitude rats were prominently elevated compared with rats in the control group, indicating that the PAH model was successfully established. Then, we found that the mPAP of high-altitude PAH rats was gradually increased after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling, whereas the mPAP of PAH rats was gradually decreased after returning to low altitude. Moreover, the RVSP of rats showed the same trend as mPAP. The RVSP of high-altitude PAH rats was increased after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling, while the RVSP of low-altitude PAH rats was gradually decreased after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling (Figure 1b).

Figure 1 The mPAP and RVSP of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, high altitude, and low altitude (n = 40 per group). A model of high-altitude PAH in Wistar rats was established. Rats in the high-altitude group were maintained in the high-altitude area rats in the low-altitude group were returned to the low-altitude area after successful modeling. And rats in the healthy control group were maintained in the low-altitude area without any treatment. (a) The mPAP of rats in each group was accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (b) The RVSP of rats in each group were accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Figure 1

The mPAP and RVSP of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, high altitude, and low altitude (n = 40 per group). A model of high-altitude PAH in Wistar rats was established. Rats in the high-altitude group were maintained in the high-altitude area rats in the low-altitude group were returned to the low-altitude area after successful modeling. And rats in the healthy control group were maintained in the low-altitude area without any treatment. (a) The mPAP of rats in each group was accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (b) The RVSP of rats in each group were accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

3.2 RV hypertrophy of high-altitude PAH rats was alleviated after returning to low altitude

As shown in Figure 2a and b, after PAH modeling, the indices of RV hypertrophy, such as RV weight and RV/LV + S, were substantially higher in high-altitude and low-altitude PAH rats compared with the control group. The RV weight and RV/LV + S weight ratio of PAH rats also enhanced in the high-altitude group after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling, whereas the low-altitude PAH rats showed reduced RV weight and RV/LV + S weight ratio after returning to low altitude, indicating that the RV hypertrophy of PAH rats was alleviated after returning to low altitude.

Figure 2 RV hypertrophy of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (a) RV weight of rats in each group was accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (b) The weight ratio of (RV/LV + S) of rats in each group was accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Figure 2

RV hypertrophy of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (a) RV weight of rats in each group was accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (b) The weight ratio of (RV/LV + S) of rats in each group was accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

3.3 The PVR of high-altitude PAH rats was alleviated after returning to low altitude

Pulmonary arteriole remodeling was among the most critical PAH pathological characteristics. We then evaluated the changes in hypoxic pulmonary arteriole remodeling in high-altitude PAH rats after returning to low-altitude environment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining revealed that the control group exhibited the thin and continuous arteriole wall. However, pulmonary arterial wall thickening and lumen diameter reduction and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the middle layer were observed in the PAH rat model. Moreover, we observed that pulmonary arterial wall thickening and pulmonary arteriole remodeling in high-altitude PAH rats was gradually serious after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling, and these pathological features were alleviated after returning to low altitude (Figure 3a). As displayed in Figure 3b and c, WT% and WA% were conspicuously elevated in the PAH rat model in comparison to the control group. Compared with day 0 of modeling, WA% and WT% were gradually elevated in high-altitude rats and reduced in low-altitude PAH rats after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling. These results emphasized that the PVR of PAH rats was alleviated after returning to low altitude.

Figure 3 The pulmonary vascular remodeling of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (a) HE staining showed the severity of pulmonary vascular remodeling of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (b and c) WA% and WT% of rats in each group were calculated after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Figure 3

The pulmonary vascular remodeling of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (a) HE staining showed the severity of pulmonary vascular remodeling of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (b and c) WA% and WT% of rats in each group were calculated after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

3.4 The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 of high-altitude PAH rats were reduced after returning to low altitude

It is generally known that inflammatory cytokines function in hypoxic PVR. To find the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and the severity of PVR, we investigate the changes in TNF-α and IL-8 levels in PVR in high-altitude PAH rats after returning to low-altitude environment. Our results illustrated that TNF-α and IL-8 levels in pulmonary artery tissues were prominently elevated after PAH modeling. Furthermore, it was suggested that TNF-α and IL-8 levels in pulmonary arteries of high-altitude PAH rats were gradually increased after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling, whereas TNF-α and IL-8 levels in rats were gradually reduced after returning to low altitude (Figure 4a–d). Likewise, ELISA results showed that TNF-α and IL-8 levels in blood samples exhibited the same expression trend as that in pulmonary artery tissues (Figure 4e and f).

Figure 4 The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (a–d) The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in pulmonary artery tissues of rats in each group were accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (e and f) The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in blood samples of rats in each group were accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
Figure 4

The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 of rats in each group after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (a–d) The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in pulmonary artery tissues of rats in each group were accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. (e and f) The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in blood samples of rats in each group were accessed after PAH modeling of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Data from at least triplicate experiments were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

4 Discussion

Hypoxic PVR is a complex network in which multiple cells and molecules participate and influence each other. A growing number of studies have illustrated that a variety of inflammatory cells, proinflammatory cytokines, chemical mediators, and adhesion molecules are linked with the process of hypoxic PVR [8,9,10]. Hypoxia facilitated the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory cells’ infiltration into the vascular adventitia in lung tissues, which is a critical pathogenesis contributing to PVR [17]. Endothelial cell injury is the pivotal starting point in vascular inflammatory lesions, which causes the damage of vascular endothelial barrier. After that, circulating inflammatory cytokines can directly endanger the vascular wall. Meanwhile, hypoxia can directly induce the transcriptional activation of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and enhance the interaction of vascular endothelial cells and circulating inflammatory cells, Finally, the proinflammatory microenvironment formed around the pulmonary vessels increases the expression of inflammatory factors and eventually accelerates pulmonary vasoconstriction and PVR [8]. The severity of PVR is positively correlated with the thickness of the vessel wall.

Figure 5 The production of TNF-α and IL-8 was reversible during the reversible changes of pulmonary vascular remodeling after detaching from a hypobaric hypoxic environment. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats.
Figure 5

The production of TNF-α and IL-8 was reversible during the reversible changes of pulmonary vascular remodeling after detaching from a hypobaric hypoxic environment. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats.

The proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, were shown to be excessively produced in PAH patients’ lung tissues, which contributed to PVR and was related to disease severity [18,19]. Furthermore, it was illustrated that TNF-α could enhance pulmonary vascular reactivity, reduces prostaglandins synthesis in the smooth muscle cells of pulmonary artery, and induce pulmonary vasoconstriction [20]. A previous study implicated that TNF-α upregulation was indicated in the PAH rat model and hypoxia-mediated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, which is defined as an essential regulator in PAH pathology [21]. Moreover, the plasma TNF-α concentration was prominently elevated in the chronic thromboembolic PAH rat model, and TNF-α protein level in pulmonary artery was positively correlated with mPAP and WA% [22]. In addition, the current study has proved that TNF-α and IL-8 expressions were markedly increased in the plasma samples of PAH patients compared with healthy controls [23]. Meanwhile, it was found that the PAH rat model exhibited increased RVSP, thickened pulmonary vessel wall, and RV hypertrophy, which was accompanied by upregulated IL-8 expression in the pulmonary artery endothelial cells [24]. More notably, it was demonstrated that persistent hypoxia induced PAH and enhanced PAP, lung edema, RV hypertrophy, lung vascular proliferation, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 in lung tissues of rats [25]. These results are consistent with our results that the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 was positively correlated with the severity of PVR (Figure 5).

At present, the changes and significance of TNF-α and IL-8 in hypoxia-induced PAH and hypoxic PVR have been well studied. However, the changes in TNF-α and IL-8 during the reversible changes in PVR after detaching from a hypobaric hypoxic environment have not been elucidated. This investigation successfully established a hypobaric hypoxia-triggered high-altitude PAH rat model. High-altitude PAH rats exhibited a substantial increase in RVSP and mPAP, RV hypertrophy, pulmonary arterial wall thickening, lumen diameter reduction, and proliferation of smooth muscle cell, and the increased production of TNF-α and IL-8 in pulmonary artery tissues. The data of this investigation were consistent with the previous research, which demonstrated that high-altitude PAH exhibited elevation of inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine levels (TNF-α IL-6, and IL-1β), and chemokine levels. The above information highlighted the importance of the crosstalk between hypoxia and inflammation [26]. Then, our results illustrated that these pathological changes were gradually aggravated in the rats maintained in the high-altitude area after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling. In contrast, for rats returned to the low-altitude region, the mPAP was decreased, and RV hypertrophy and PVR were alleviated after 10, 20, and 30 days of PAH modeling. Meanwhile, TNF-α and IL-8 levels in pulmonary artery tissues and blood samples were also gradually reduced during the reversible changes of PVR.

In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 increased with the severity of hypobaric hypoxic PVR The production of TNF-α and IL-8 was also reversible during the reversible changes in PVR after detaching from a hypobaric hypoxic environment. Thus, proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with the severity of PVR. Our study provides a pathological basis for the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of PVR in hypobaric hypoxic PAH.

Our results still have potential limitations and confounding or biased factors, such as small sample size of experimental animals, genetic factors (different litters of rats), and environmental factors (animals raised in different regions, presence of noise and different feeder behavior, etc.). In future research, we will expand the sample size of experimental animals and strive to eliminate these potential confounding or bias factors to make our research results more convincing.

  1. Funding information: This study was supported by General Guiding Project of Qinghai Provincial Health Commission (Qinghai Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Project No. 2019-WJZDX-56); General Project of Young and Middle-aged Scientific Research Fund of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University (Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Project No. ASRF-2019-YB-12).

  2. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  3. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

[1] Luna-López R, Ruiz Martín A, Escribano Subías P. Pulmonary arterial hypertension. Med Clin (Barc). 2022;158(12):622–9.10.1016/j.medcle.2022.05.010Search in Google Scholar

[2] Rajagopal S, Yu YA. The Pathobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cardiol Clin. 2022;40(1):1–12.10.1016/j.ccl.2021.08.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Hu L, Zhao C, Chen Z, Hu G, Li X, Li Q. An emerging strategy for targeted therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Vasodilation plus vascular remodeling inhibition. Drug Discov Today. 2022;27(5):1457–63.10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] Gomes MT, Bai Y, Potje SR, Zhang L, Lockett AD, Machado RF. Signal transduction during metabolic and inflammatory reprogramming in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5):2410.10.3390/ijms23052410Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[5] Kenny M, Clarke MM, Pogue KT. Overview of riociguat and its role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. J Pharm Pract. 2022;35(3):437–44.10.1177/0897190020961291Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[6] Sydykov A, Mamazhakypov A, Maripov A, Kosanovic D, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in acute and chronic high altitude maladaptation disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1692.10.3390/ijerph18041692Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[7] Brakema EA, Tabyshova A, Kasteleyn MJ, Molendijk E, van der Kleij R, van Boven JFM, et al. High COPD prevalence at high altitude: does household air pollution play a role? Eur Respir J. 2019;53(2):1801193.10.1183/13993003.01193-2018Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[8] Hu Y, Chi L, Kuebler WM, Goldenberg NM. Perivascular inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cells. 2020;9(11):2338.10.3390/cells9112338Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[9] Sakuma M, Toyoda S, Inoue T, Node K. Inflammation in pulmonary artery hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol. 2019;118–119:106562.10.1016/j.vph.2019.05.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] Frid MG, Thurman JM, Hansen KC, Maron BA, Stenmark KR. Inflammation, immunity, and vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension; Evidence for complement involvement? Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2020;2020(1):e202001.10.21542/gcsp.2020.1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[11] Matsushima K, Yang D, Oppenheim JJ. Interleukin-8: An evolving chemokine. Cytokine. 2022;153:155828.10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155828Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Lin RL, Gu Q, Khosravi M, Lee LY. Sustained sensitizing effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on sensory nerves in lung and airways. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2017;47:29–37.10.1016/j.pupt.2017.06.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[13] Jang DI, Lee AH, Shin HY, Song HR, Park JH, Kang TB, et al. The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) in autoimmune disease and current tnf-α inhibitors in therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2719.10.3390/ijms22052719Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[14] Yang Z, Sun H, Su S, Nan X, Li K, Jin X, et al. Tsantan sumtang restored right ventricular function in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:607384.10.3389/fphar.2020.607384Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[15] Ishikawa T, Abe K, Takana-Ishikawa M, Yoshida K, Watanabe T, Imakiire S, et al. Chronic inhibition of toll-like receptor 9 ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in rats. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(7):e019247.10.1161/JAHA.120.019247Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[16] Kabwe JC, Sawada H, Mitani Y, Oshita H, Tsuboya N, Zhang E, et al. CRISPR-mediated Bmpr2 point mutation exacerbates late pulmonary vasculopathy and reduces survival in rats with experimental pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res. 2022;23(1):87.10.1186/s12931-022-02005-wSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[17] Chai T, Qiu C, Xian Z, Lu Y, Zeng Y, Li J. A narrative review of research advances in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Ann Transl Med. 2022;10(4):230.10.21037/atm-22-259Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[18] Kylhammar D, Hesselstrand R, Nielsen S, Scheele C, Rådegran G. Angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers for screening and follow-up in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Scand J Rheumatol. 2018;47(4):319–24.10.1080/03009742.2017.1378714Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Liu J, Cai G, Li M, Fan S, Yao B, Ping W, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 21 attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by upregulating PPARγ expression and suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;504(2):478–84.10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Shu J, Liu W, Han F, Luo F. Trimethoxystilbene reduces nuclear factor kappa b, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in rats with pulmonary artery hypertension. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1219848.10.1155/2019/1219848Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[21] Zhu TT, Zhang WF, Yin YL, Liu YH, Song P, Xu J, et al. MicroRNA-140-5p targeting tumor necrosis factor-α prevents pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(6):9535–50.10.1002/jcp.27642Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[22] Shen HP, Wu DW, Chen YF, Lian NF, Xu CS, Lian GL, et al. Role of TNF-α in vascular remodeling in rats with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2018;41(8):632–7.Search in Google Scholar

[23] Åberg M, Björklund E, Wikström G, Christersson C. Platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation and inflammation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and CTEPH. Platelets. 2022;33(8):1199–207.10.1080/09537104.2022.2087867Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[24] Zhou MJ, Xing YJ, Yang J. NF-κB inhibitor improves pulmonary vascular remodeling by reversing LPS-induced down-regulation of BMPRII. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2020;72(5):541–50.Search in Google Scholar

[25] Bao YR, Chen JW, Jiang Y, Wang LH, Xue R, Qian JX, et al. Sodium tanshinone II sulfonate a ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:687.10.3389/fphar.2020.00687Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[26] El Alam S, Pena E, Aguilera D, Siques P, Brito J. Inflammation in pulmonary hypertension and edema induced by hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(20):12656.10.3390/ijms232012656Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2023-03-22
Revised: 2023-05-17
Accepted: 2023-06-01
Published Online: 2023-07-27

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0650
Keywords for this article
pulmonary arterial hypertension; TNF-α; mean pulmonary arterial pressure; pulmonary vascular remodeling
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2026 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 27.1.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0650/html
Scroll to top button