Startseite Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
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Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique

  • Y. Ravi , Irene P. Vethamoni EMAIL logo , Shailendra N. Saxena , S. Velmurugan , V. P. Santanakrishnan , M. Raveendran , Himanshu Bariya und Mistry Harsh
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 7. Februar 2023
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Abstract

Thymoquinone is a valuable metabolite derived from the Nigella sativa L. seeds and has a variety of therapeutic properties. Thymoquinone was estimated using n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v) green solvent system and computed at a wavelength of 254 nm using the high-performance thin-layer chromatography densitometry method in distinct varieties and genotypes congregated from different geographical regions. Genotype Ajmer Nigella-13 has the paramount thymoquinone content (247.60 µg/100 mg seed) followed by Ajmer Nigella 19 (244.5 µg/100 mg seed), while the lowest amount of thymoquinone was recorded in the genotype Ajmer Nigella-6 (42.88 µg/100 mg seed). The hierarchical cluster analysis found that the collected genotypes and elite varieties were classified into four broad clusters, and the identified chemotypes with elevated thymoquinone proportion were positioned in cluster D. Significant genotypic variation in thymoquinone content is available, that can be used in exploiting pharmaceutical applications of N. sativa L. as well as a breeding programme for specific metabolite improvement perspective.

Keywords: DIVA-GIS; genotypes; HPTLC; phytochemical variation; thymoquinone

1 Introduction

Natural plant products are usually accepted in the pharmacy sector for their structural diversity and a wide variety of pharmacological actions [1]. The study of phytoconstituents is associated with the large diversity of organic chemicals that plants produce and accumulate, as well as their structures, biosynthesis, circulation, metabolism, natural distribution, and biological function [2]. The use of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) to determine the principal active components of medicinal plants makes perfect sense for the expansion of chromatographic fingerprints. The isolation and magnification are significantly improved, and the results are far more stable and reliable than thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [3]. It has the main advantage of in situ descriptive and analytical evaluations using scanning densitometry when combined with digital scanning profiling [4]. Furthermore, the vivid pictorial HPTLC image offers additional, understandable apparent colour, and/or fluorescence parameters for parallel evaluation on the same plate [5]. It also demonstrated improved dissociation of individual secondary metabolites. India, as a mega biodiversity nation, has a high species rich in medicinal plants; despite this, a large number of various medicinal plants have yet to be studied phytochemically, with a focus on secondary metabolites of therapeutic relevance [6].

Nigella or Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.) is an erect, herbaceous annual plant, belonging to the plant family Ranunculaceae under the genus nigella [7]. The genus name is derived from the Latin word niger, which means “black,” to the colour of the seeds [8]. It is commercially cultivated in India and it is native to the areas of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia, and it is grown in many nations in the Middle East Mediterranean region, as well as in India, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia [7]. Table 1 contains a detailed plant profile of nigella. Most pharmacological properties of the whole seeds of nigella or their extracts are mainly attributed to its volatile oil, of which thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), about 27–57%, is the most abundant component [9]. Thymoquinone has been shown in the studies to have antioxidant [10,11], cardioprotective [12], neuroprotective [13], hepatoprotective [14], anti-inflammatory [15], antimutagenic [16], and antiproliferative [17,18] properties. Further, the previous research has shown that pure thymoquinone and nigella concentrate boost enzyme-mediated DNA breakage [19]; as a result, thymoquinone, like several other nutritional phytochemicals, is a topoisomerase II toxin with anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties [20]. It has been reported to be faintly soluble in water, soluble in methanol and dimethyl sulphoxide, and readily soluble in a number of organic solvents including isopropanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, ethyl acetate, carbitol, and polyethylene glycol-400 [14].

Table 1

Systematic classification of nigella plant [8]

Grouping Description
Plant kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Viridiplantae
Superdivision Embryophyta
Division Tracheophyta
Subdivision Supermatophytina
Class Magnoliopsida
Superorder Ranunculanae
Order Ranunculales
Family Ranunculaceae
Genus Nigella
Species Sativa

Genetic variability is an important factor for varying extents of metabolite obtained in different varieties of crop plants [21]. Several medicinal plants have been studied regarding the variability in the amount of active phytochemicals in different varieties of the same plant grown in different regions [22,23]. Due to the significant difference in environmental circumstances at various sites as well as genetic variation of the material, medicine quality is inconsistent throughout the industry. Additionally, advanced analytical methods for determining thymoquinone have enabled it to empirically explore the environmental, genotypic, and ontogenetic variability in N. sativa L. and there are few publications on the level of genotypic variability in cultivated nigella genotypes with regard to thymoquinone content. The study was undertaken with the objective of identifying an appropriate genotype with enhanced metabolite content for industrial and pharmaceutical applications using a reliable approach via., HPTLC analysis. This is the principal documentation for the evaluation and documentation of thymoquinone diversity in the released varieties and genotypes collected from different parts of India.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Plant material

Five national released varieties and 35 unique collections of N. sativa L. gathered across India were evaluated for the presence and estimation of thymoquinone, a highly valued metabolite present in seed and its diversity. The test samples were analysed and chromatograms were acquired under the same conditions along with standard thymoquinone. The area of the peak corresponding to the Rf (retention factor) value of the thymoquinone standard was quantified, and the amount present was computed using the regression equation from the calibration plot.

To explore the genetic diversity of N. sativa L. present in India, 40 accessions were collected from different agro-climatic areas of India based on the spatial range and morphological diversity (Table 3). The augmented germplasm comprised 14 Indian states viz., Rajasthan (17), Uttar Pradesh (6), Uttarakhand (4), Odisha (2), Tripura (2), Madhya Pradesh (1), Gujarat (1), Punjab (1), Himachal Pradesh (1), Jammu and Kashmir (1), Jharkhand (2), Bihar (1), and Chhattisgarh (1) as shown in Figure 1. The field experiment was carried out at farm field of ICAR NRCSS, Ajmer, located at the latitude of 26°27′0″N and 74°38′0″E longitude having 460 m mean sea level (MSL) altitude by adopting recommended package of practices to screen nigella varieties and accessions for thymoquinone metabolite. After 130 days of sowing, the seeds were harvested, shade dried, and ground into powder for analysis of thymoquinone using a previously standardized HPTLC method [23]. DIVA-GIS version 7.1.6, free downloadable software was utilized for mapping the diversity of N. sativa L. germplasm accessions used in this study. A geographical positioning system (Garmin 12) was used to record the geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the collecting sites.

Figure 1 DIVA-GIS mapping of N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collection sites used in the study.
Figure 1

DIVA-GIS mapping of N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collection sites used in the study.

2.2 Extraction of raw drugs from seeds

Accurately weighed 10 g seeds were powdered in Malavasi mill (Bologna, Italy) taking care to avoid overheating and the particle sizes were in the range of 250–425 µm. Methanol, the extraction solvent at a ratio of 4:1 was then poured on top of the seed material and soaked for overnight period. After 12 h of soaking the material was filtered through Whatman filter paper and the filtered material crude extract mixture was centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 6 min. The collected extract was subjected to HPTLC analysis. This method is suitable for extraction of bioactive constituents that are readily soluble. In addition, it is an appropriate method for the preparation of fresh extract before use [24].

2.3 Metabolite identification

TLC plates (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with the specifications of silica gel 60G, with dimensions of 4.5 mm × 10 mm, was used to identify thymoquinone as suggested by Basha et al. [25]. The development system was made up of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v), which produced a strong and well-defined band for the metabolite and the identity was validated by comparing the bands of standard thymoquinone with those of studied sample extracts, as well as the Rf (0.56) of the reference with that of the sample (Figure 2).

Figure 2 TLC to identify thymoquinone under UV light.
Figure 2

TLC to identify thymoquinone under UV light.

2.4 Chromatographic conditions for identification of thymoquinone

HPTLC densitometry analysis was performed on 10 cm × 20 cm aluminium-backed plates coated with 0.2 mm layers of silica gel 60 F254 (E-Merck, Germany). Using a Camag Automatic TLC Sampler 4 sample applicator (Switzerland) equipped with a Camag microlitre syringe, samples were casted to the TLC plates as 6 mm bands. The application rate was fixed constant at 150 nL/s. Linear ascending development of the plates to a distance of 80 mm was carried out in a Camag Automatic Developing Chamber 2 previously saturated with mobile phase vapour for 30 min at 22°C using n-hexane:ethyl acetate 8:2 (percent, v/v) as mobile phase. The plates were scanned at 259 nm using a Camag TLC scanner in absorbance mode with a deuterium light after development. The scanning speed was 20 mm/s and the slit dimensions were 4.00 mm × 0.45 mm [26].

2.5 Method and calibration curve development

The mobile phase composition was modified in order to develop an appropriate and accurate design to address the HPTLC method for thymoquinone analysis. The mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate 8:2 (percent, v/v) revealed a vivid, symmetrical, and highly defined peak at Rf = (0.91 ± 0.02). Maximum absorbance was seen in the bands’ UV spectra at approximately 254 nm. Thymoquinone stock solution (1.0 mg/mL concentration) was made by dissolving 1.0 mg of thymoquinone in HPLC grade methanol and diluting to a final volume of 1 mL, then sonicated at 37°C for 10 min [27]. Before HPLC analysis, all dilutions were made stepwise through the main stock in methanol and subsequently filtered through a 0.22 µm membrane filter. In methanol, calibration curve of thymoquinone from five reference points (1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 µg/mL) as depicted in Figure 3. The calibration curves were plotted using thymoquinone (1.0 mg/mL) linear least square regression on analyses concentration versus peak area.

Figure 3 Standard thymoquinone calibration curve.
Figure 3

Standard thymoquinone calibration curve.

The standard deviation (SD) method was used to calculate the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). They were calculated using the following equations premised on the slope of the calibration (S) curve and the SD of the blank sample:

LOD = 3 .3 × SD/ S .

LOQ = 10 times × SD/ S .

LOD and LOQ found in the study are 0.77 and 2.34 ng/spot (Table 2), for detection and quantification of thymoquinone effectively from the studied samples [28].

Table 2

Linear regression data for the calibration curve of thymoquinone (n = 40)

Set Description
Linearity range (µL/spot) 0.50–5.00
Regression equation y = 1.15x − 0.85
Correlation coefficient 0.9925
LOD 0.77 ng/spot
Limit of quantification 2.34 ng/spot

2.6 Data analysis

To investigate the variability, the 40 genotypes and elite varieties were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis using the ward method based on the thymoquinone content contained in seed extract [29], and Microsoft Excel 2016 was used for the calculation of calibration curved, fitting regression equation, and plotting.

3 Results

3.1 Estimation of thymoquione metabolite

Thymoquinone peaks in studied varieties and accessions were identified by comparing their single spot at Rf = 0.91 values to those obtained by standard chromatogram. The thymoquinone content was assessed using the linear regression equation and concentration. Table 2 shows the estimated composition of thymoquinone in the examined varieties and accessions, while Figures 2 and 3 show the chromatograms and the integrated peaks of the studied varieties and accessions. The thymoquinone content varied among the genotypes and ranged from 42.88 µg/100 mg to 247.60 µg/100 mg (Figures 4a–d and 5a–d; Table 3). The highest amount of thymoquinone has been recorded in the genotype Ajmer Nigella-30 (247.60 µg/100 g seed) followed by Ajmer Nigella-13 (244.50 µg/100 mg seed); whereas, the lowest amount of thymoquinone has been recorded in the genotype Ajmer Nigella-6 (42.88 µg/100 mg seed). Furthermore, the genotypes Ajmer Nigella-21 and Ajmer Nigella-27 (Figures 4b and 5b) have not detected the thymoquinone content, for the reason that the amount of metabolite might have been lesser than the standard concentration.

Figure 4 HPTLC separation of N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties seed extract in mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v) observed under UV illumination at 254 nm; tracks STD - standard at five different concentrations. (a) Thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (b) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (c) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (d) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes.
Figure 4 HPTLC separation of N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties seed extract in mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v) observed under UV illumination at 254 nm; tracks STD - standard at five different concentrations. (a) Thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (b) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (c) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (d) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes.
Figure 4

HPTLC separation of N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties seed extract in mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v) observed under UV illumination at 254 nm; tracks STD - standard at five different concentrations. (a) Thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (b) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (c) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes, (d) thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes.

Table 3

Thymoquinone content in N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties from different geographical regions of India

Sl. No. Sample Rf Height Area Thymoquinone
1. Standard 1 µg/mL 0.934 0.0680 0.00354 0.50 µg/mL
Standard 2.5 µg/mL 0.927 0.1263 0.00691 1.25 µg/mL
Standard 5.0 µg/mL 0.927 0.2029 0.01136 2.50 µg/mL
Standard 7.50 µg/mL 0.929 0.2472 0.01399 3.75 µg/mL
Standard 10.00 µg/mL 0.929 0.2472 0.01399 5.0 µg/mL
2. Ajmer Nigella-20 0.877 0.1341 0.00576 141.70 µg/100 mg
3. Pant Krishna 0.876 0.0638 0.00261 64.31 µg/100 mg
4. Azad Kalonji 0.871 0.0794 0.00338 83.13 µg/100 mg
5. NDBC-10 0.868 0.1204 0.00499 122.80 µg/100 mg
6. Ajmer Nigella-1 0.865 0.1274 0.00518 127.40 µg/100 mg
7. Ajmer Nigella-6 0.863 0.0838 0.00325 42.88 µg/100 mg
8. Ajmer Nigella-7 0.861 0.1524 0.00590 80.00 µg/100 mg
9. Ajmer Nigella-8 0.858 0.0701 0.00247 145.20 µg/100 mg
10. Ajmer Nigella-9 0.858 0.2013 0.00716 60.72 µg/100 mg
11. Ajmer Nigella-10 0.853 0.0558 0.00174 176.3 µg/100 mg
12. Ajmer Nigella-11 0.932 0.0792 0.00433 43.95 µg/100 mg
13. Ajmer Nigella-12 0.934 0.1013 0.00557 87.72 µg/100 mg
14. Ajmer Nigella-13 0.937 0.1829 0.01011 247.60 µg/100 mg
15. Ajmer Nigella-19 0.937 0.01785 0.01002 244.50 µg/100 mg
16. Ajmer Nigella-21 0.942 0.0111 0.00053 Not detected
17. Ajmer Nigella-23 0.944 0.133 0.00749 155.20 µg/100 mg
18. Ajmer Nigella-24 0.948 0.0957 0.00505 69.21 µg/100 mg
19. Ajmer Nigella-27 0.952 0.0673 0.00345 Not detected
20. Ajmer Nigella-31 0.955 0.0937 0.00465 55.32 µg/100 mg
21. Ajmer Nigella-32 0.961 0.1116 0.00523 75.61 µg/100 mg
22. Ajmer Nigella-35 0.974 0.1207 0.00570 140.70 µg/100 mg
23. Ajmer Nigella-37 0.973 0.1124 0.00523 129.10 µg/100 mg
24. Nigella sativa collection-1 0.969 0.1100 0.00515 127.10 µg/100 mg
25. Nigella sativa collection-2 0.966 0.1148 0.00533 131.70 µg/100 mg
26. Nigella sativa collection-3 0.966 0.1840 0.00866 214.00 µg/100 mg
27. Nigella sativa collection-4 0.963 0.1262 0.00572 141.40 µg/100 mg
28. Nigella sativa collection-5 0.963 0.1192 0.00538 133.00 µg/100 mg
29. Nigella sativa collection-6 0.961 0.0889 0.00392 96.64 µg/100 mg
30. Nigella sativa collection-7 0.961 0.0844 0.00367 90.64 µg/100 mg
31. Nigella sativa collection-8 0.963 0.0708 0.00300 74.18 µg/100 mg
32. Nigella sativa collection-9 0.882 0.1364 0.00695 144.40 µg/100 mg
33. Nigella sativa collection-10 0.879 0.1240 0.00622 125.80 µg/100 mg
34. Nigella sativa collection-11 0.876 0.1415 0.00688 139.10 µg/100 mg
35. Nigella sativa collection-12 0.873 0.1262 0.00614 124.20 µg/100 mg
36. Nigella sativa collection-13 0.871 0.0745 0.00373 75.38 µg/100 mg
37. Nigella sativa collection-14 0.869 0.0959 0.00462 93.34 µg/100 mg
38. Nigella sativa collection-15 0.869 0.0755 0.00367 74.22 µg/100 mg
39. Nigella sativa collection-16 0.866 0.1059 0.00494 99.77 µg/100 mg
40. Ajmer Nigella-2 0.865 0.1349 0.00607 122.70 µg/100 mg
41. Ajmer Nigella-4 0.865 0.1394 0.00618 124.90 µg/100 mg
Figure 5 HPTLC integrated peaks of N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties in mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v) observed under UV illumination at 254 nm. (a–d) Thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes.
Figure 5

HPTLC integrated peaks of N. sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties in mobile phase n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v) observed under UV illumination at 254 nm. (a–d) Thymoquinone standard concentration and in studied genotypes.

3.2 Diversity analysis among genotypes and elite varieties from different geographical regions of India

The observed thymoquinone compositional diversity in genotypes and elite varieties of nigella aromatic oil obtained from different locations were statistically validated. A total of 40 genotypes and elite varieties were assessed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean agglomerative hierarchical clustering the resultant dendrogram established four broad and unique clusters based on the metabolite composition from the seed extract of different genotypes and varieties, namely A, B, C, and D (Figure 6). Cluster A (AN-21 and AN-27) contains genotypes that lack the thymoquinone metabolite. Major Cluster B was separated into four sections (B1, B2, B3 and B4), while Major Cluster C was divided into two sections (C1 and C2). The aromatic oil obtained from the genotypes (AN-13, AN-19, and NSC-03) was high in thymoquinone, according to the chemical composition and cluster analysis.

Figure 6 Hierarchical cluster analysis showing the thymoquinone relationship among nigella (N. sativa L.) genotypes and elite varieties from different locations in India. (a–d) Different clusters formed among the studied genotypes.
Figure 6

Hierarchical cluster analysis showing the thymoquinone relationship among nigella (N. sativa L.) genotypes and elite varieties from different locations in India. (a–d) Different clusters formed among the studied genotypes.

4 Discussion

4.1 Quantification of thymoquinone

Nigella has been explored and utilized by millions of people for millennia as one of the most investigated and widely used natural products. Both the seed and its oil have garnered a lot of prominence due to their widespread efficient medicinal ability to cure a variety of ailments. Because of the wide spectrum of biological activity of nigella seed extracts, oils, and isolated chemicals, many studies have been conducted on the multifarious therapeutic roles of thymoquinone in an array of different diseases, particularly in the last two decades. However, phytochemicals produced by a certain plant type could be the cause of fluctuation in yield, and as a result, composition and yield changed appropriately. The outcome of the study is compared with Foudah et al. [28], who found that the highest thymoquinone concentration was found in Saudi Arabian extract (10.76 ± 1.01 mg/g), followed by Syrian extract (8.09 ± 0.62 mg/g), Indian extract (7.14 ± 0.41 mg/g), and commercial capsules (7.03 ± 0.52 mg/g) and Isik [30] wherein the percentage of thymoquinone measured by HPLC in seeds and seeds’ oil varied between 0.014–0.376 and 0.142–0.619%, respectively. It suggests that seeds are a major source of thymoquinone.

4.2 Genetic diversity analysis for metabolite content among genotypes and elite varieties from different geographical regions of India

Thymoquinone is a major phytochemical element of nigella seeds, its standardization and formulation required a reliable and intuitive technique. Further, standardization of herbal suppository formulations in terms of raw ingredient quality, manufacturing procedures, and composition are required to ensure quality and the most suitable amounts of active principles for bio-effectiveness. Many researchers have previously investigated the chemical composition of nigella seed extract or oil, but its diversity in connection to specific metabolites has not been comprehensively investigated [31–33]. So we conducted our investigation, which revealed considerable changes in the chemical constitution of thymoquinone metabolites of nigella seed extract generated in various parts of India. Similar results with respect to the response of genotypes from distinct destinations for chemical constituents were reported in davana [34], which obscured that there were significant differences in the physical properties and chemical composition of davana oils produced in India.

Present study signposts that Ajmer Nigella-13, Ajmer Nigella-17, and Nigella sativa collection-03 were the prominent sources of thymoquinone metabolite among the studied varieties and genotypes. Similar findings were found in turmeric by [35] wherein they carried out the curcuminoid profile of released varieties and local types, in which local (check) appeared considerably superior in terms of curcuminoids. The variation in the composition of metabolite might be linked to the varietal genetic makeup with the most significant reaction to the given environment coupled with physiological and biochemical phenomena including varying levels of phytochemicals in the given variety of the crop plant. Thus, the distinct quantity of thymoquinone in different varieties implies varied expression.

5 Conclusions

Nigella has been explored and utilized by millions of people for millennia as one of the most investigated and widely used natural products. The HPTLC method is a reliable approach for quantifying active constituents that may be used for quality control and standardization of crude drugs and their formulations. It can be used for large-scale germplasm screening and can save analysis costs and time. The genotypes tested with the highest levels of thymoquinone were identified as Ajmer Nigella-13, Ajmer Nigella-19, and Nigella sativa collection-3 by the results. The found genotypes could be grown commercially to meet the rising pharmaceutical industry demand and for metabolite extraction. It is possible to exploit the variations present in N. sativa L. for thymoquinone content (42.88–247.60 g/100 mg seed) in trait-specific breeding and further crop improvement programmes with a focus on therapeutic and food applications. This study will benefit the readers by acquainting them with the pharmaceutical significance and further usage of the nigella seeds in daily lifestyle enhancement.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding is involved.

  2. Author contributions: R.Y., S.N.S., H.B., and M.H., conducted the experiment; I.V.P., R.M., and S.V.P. helped in formulation of the experiment, supported in data collection and analysis. All authors read and reviewed the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2022-08-02
Revised: 2022-11-10
Accepted: 2022-11-13
Published Online: 2023-02-07

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0536
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
DIVA-GIS; genotypes; HPTLC; phytochemical variation; thymoquinone
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

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  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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Heruntergeladen am 7.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0536/html
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