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Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction

  • Yongjun Wei , Ping Xiao , Benjuan Wu , Fuxi Chen and Xiaofeng Shi EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 17, 2023
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 18 Issue 1

Abstract

The diagnosis of sepsis still lacks a practical and reliable gold standard. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) combined with soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) in the diagnosis of sepsis through the correlation between sTREM-1, sST2, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. Baseline data of 91 patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit were collected, sTREM-1 and sST2 were detected, and the correlation between markers and SOFA score was analyzed. Besides, the prognostic value of baseline and postadmission indicators for sepsis was analyzed with death as the outcome. The results showed that the expressions of sST2 and sTREM-1 in death group and survival group were higher than those in the survival group (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that sST2, sTREM-1, and the joint diagnosis model had a high correlation with SOFA score (p < 0.05), but poor correlation with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score (p > 0.05). Among them, joint diagnosis model has the highest correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that combined diagnosis had higher area under curve values. sTREM-1/sST2 can be better used in the diagnosis of sepsis than the single biomarker detection, and the combination of the above two biomarkers has potential application value in the detection and prognosis prediction of sepsis.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: diagnosis; sepsis; biomarker; soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1; soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2

1 Introduction

Sepsis is an immune dysfunction of the host caused by a microbial infection that leads to fatal organ and tissue damage [1,2]. When sepsis occurs, the imbalance of systemic inflammatory response leads to vascular endothelial function injury, secondary coagulation dysfunction, and eventually multiple organ dysfunction syndrome [3]. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, it remains a major cause of life-threatening illness worldwide [4], resulting in 11 million deaths in 2017 alone [5].

In China, the guideline-recommended diagnostic criteria for sepsis are infection or suspected infection with a sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score increase of ≥2 points from baseline [6,7]. However, clinical trauma, severe pancreatitis, acute autoimmune diseases, and other non-infectious diseases can also cause the rise of SOFA [8], but the treatment and prognosis of these diseases are completely different. At the same time, diagnosis of sepsis requires baseline and at least one follow-up SOFA evaluation, and waiting for evaluation may result in delayed treatment [9]. In addition, while waiting for the results of microbial culture, doctors often use antibiotics according to experience, increasing unnecessary medical costs and easy to cause bacterial drug resistance, double infection, and other problems. Therefore, timely detection and diagnosis of sepsis is extremely important. However, as nearly half of the infected patients have negative microbial cultures, there is still no practical and reliable gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis [10]. Therefore, it is important to develop simple and reliable diagnostic methods.

The most commonly used laboratory parameters for sepsis biomarkers include C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT), and lactic acid; cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, etc. Immune cells and surface receptor markers of innate immune system: soluble leukocyte differentiation antigen 14 subtypes (sCD14-ST), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), CD64, etc. [11,12]. Although numerous studies have explored biomarkers for the diagnosis of sepsis, it has been found that single cytokines or receptors of immune cells are unlikely to be good biomarkers for sepsis. The sensitivity and specificity of sepsis detection still need to be further improved. Searching for appropriate combinations may provide a better choice for sepsis diagnosis. Besides serving as a diagnostic biomarker, sTREM-1 may also help predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis by measuring its concentration [13,14]. A few studies have proved the feasibility of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) to predict the prognosis of sepsis [15,16]. Studies have shown that combined diagnosis has a stronger advantage in the diagnosis of sepsis when the diagnostic accuracy of a single marker is insufficient [17,18,19]. The diagnosis of sepsis by biomarkers sST2 and sTREM-1 is still controversial. We hypothesize that the combined measurement of sST2 and sTREM-1 may contribute to the early diagnosis, severity stratification, and prognosis prediction of patients with suspected sepsis. And, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the two combined measurements have been used in sepsis diagnosis and prognostic prediction.

A series of confirmatory experiments were conducted to verify the effect of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined measurements on the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. In this study, we collected baseline SOFA scores and basic physicochemical data of 91 hospitalized patients with sepsis. Subsequently, sTREM-1 and sST2 tests were performed to analyze the correlation between markers and SOFA scores. Next a prospective cohort study of sTREM-1 combined with sST2 was conducted to predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis. sTREM-1 and sST2 tests were performed 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after admission to analyze the prognostic value of SOFA baseline score and post-admission indicators for sepsis.

2 Methods

2.1 Patients

First, patients who meet the requirements are screened according to the following criteria.

Inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years and <75 years; suspected infection and qSOFA score ≥2 [20]; and the subject or agent understands and signs the informed consent.

Exclusion criteria: history of human immunodeficiency virus infection; history of autoimmune disease; history of malignancy; serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (such as stroke and myocardial infarction); use of glucocorticoids and other immune-affecting drugs within 3 months; has participated in or is participating in other clinical studies within 3 months; and pregnant or lactating woman.

According to the above criteria, 91 patients with sepsis admitted to intensive care units of our hospital from May 2021 to October 2022 were selected. sST2 and sTREM-1 data were collected on the first, third, fifth, and seventh day of admission. The patients’ survival was followed up for 60 days. The groups of death and survival were distinguished according to the patients’ prognostic outcomes.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies, and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by Experimental Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Tianjin First Central Hospital.

2.2 Sample testing

On the first, third, fifth, and seventh day of admission, 2 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected on an empty stomach, and the upper serum was taken by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The upper serum was collected within 4 h for detection. If the blood sample was not detected in time, the upper serum could be taken after centrifugation and stored in the refrigerator at −80℃, which could only be used once after freezing. sTREM-1 was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Abcam commercial test, Cambridge, MA, USA). sST2 was detected by Beijing Keyingmei Human Stromelysin-2 ELISA kit. The operation process is carried out by professional inspectors in strict accordance with the test kit instructions and instrument operation requirements. All sample tests were repeated three times to eliminate errors.

2.3 Statistical analysis

IBM SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for data processing and statistical analysis. Measurement data are expressed as mean value ± variance. Statistical data were represented by the number of cases (%), and Student’s t-test was used for comparison between groups [21]. Spearman rank correlation was used for correlation analysis [22]. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the area under curve (AUC) and Youden index (the concentration of sST2 and sTREM-1 is the cut-off value when Youden index reaches its maximum value), and the predictive value of sST2 and sTREM-1 for the severity and prognosis of sepsis patients, as well as the predictive value of sST2 combined with sTREM-1 for sepsis were analyzed [18]. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Without special emphasis, all samples were divided into triplicate for testing.

3 Result

3.1 A comparison between the death and survival groups

Herein we collected a total of 91 patients with sepsis. A total of 22 patients died (death group) and 69 patients survived (survival group, control group). Detailed information of sample characteristics is given in Table S1. sST2 and sTREM-1 contents were dynamically detected in the two groups. As shown in Figure 1, compared with the survival group, sST2, and sTREM-1 contents were significantly higher in the death group at admission to EICU, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Subsequently, on the third, fifth, and seventh day after admission to EICU, sST2 in the death group was maintained at a higher level, and the content was higher than that in the survival group (p < 0.05). In contrast, sTREM-1 content maintained a relatively balanced level in the survival group, while in the death group, there was a large fluctuation in the 7 consecutive days of detection. In addition, the death group also showed a higher sTREM-1 content than the survival group during the first 5 days (p < 0.05), but the opposite trend was observed on the seventh day (p < 0.01).

Figure 1 Comparison of sST2 and sTREM-1 contents between death group (n = 22) and survival group (n = 69). p values less than 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively.
Figure 1

Comparison of sST2 and sTREM-1 contents between death group (n = 22) and survival group (n = 69). p values less than 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively.

3.2 Correlation between sTREM-1, sST2, combined diagnostic factor (CDF), and score of each

Considering that sST2 and sTREM-1 are significantly associated with the death/survival grouping, both biomarkers have been reported to be predictive of sepsis [13,15]. Therefore, correlation analysis was conducted between sST2, sTREM-1, and their combined diagnosis and system score (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ [APACHE Ⅱ] and SOFA). First, the CDF of sST2 and sTREM-1 was calculated by binary logistic regression analysis. The specific parameters obtained by binary logistic regression analysis are shown in Table 1. Then, combined with the above parameters, the specific value of CDF is calculated using equation (1).

(1) CDF = β Death / Survive + β sST 2 × sST 2 + β sTREM 1 × sTREM 1 .

Table 1

Binary logistic regression analysis of sST2 and sTREM-1 (n = 91)

Variable in the equation
Day β value S.E. Wald value Df p value Exp (B)
sST2 1 0.056 0.021 7.031 1 0.008 1.057
3 0.053 0.02 6.616 1 0.01 1.054
5 0.079 0.026 8.83 1 0.003 1.08
7 0.072 0.022 10.871 1 0.001 1.075
sTREM1 1 0.021 0.011 3.344 1 0.067 1.021
3 0.022 0.012 3.27 1 0.071 1.022
5 0.02 0.014 2.08 1 0.15 1.02
7 0.01 0.011 0.817 1 0.366 1.01
Death/survive 1 −16.123 3.735 18.636 1 0 −
3 −15.924 3.638 19.16 1 0 0
5 −19.913 4.79 17.29 1 0 0
7 −15.669 3.681 18.123 1 0 0

CDF: combined diagnostic factor.

Then, the Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between sTREM-1, sST2, CDF, and SOFA/APACHE Ⅱ scores. Correlations were analyzed for different time periods (Figure 2, Figures S3, S4, and S5) and death/survival groups (Figures S1 and S2). As shown in Figure 2, SOFA score has a higher correlation with sST2, sTREM-1, and CDF compared with APACHE Ⅱ score (p < 0.001). In addition, there is a higher correlation coefficient between CDF and SOFA scores under the combined diagnosis model. The results indicate that the correlation between SOFA score and joint diagnosis model may be higher, which indicates the potential advantage of combined diagnosis. To further compare the effects of death and survival grouping on the correlation between biomarkers and systematic scores, correlations between death and survival groups were analyzed (Figures S1 and S2). The results showed that sST2 in the death group had the strongest correlation with the APACHE Ⅱ score, but there was still no significant difference (p > 0.05). sST2 and CDF have a strong correlation with SOFA score, with significant differences (p < 0.05), and the p value of CDF is smaller. In comparison, the relationship between the APACHE Ⅱ score and biomarkers in the survival group was weak. There is a strong correlation between CDF and SOFA scores. According to the scatter plot, the distribution of sample points between CDF and SOFA shows an obvious regularity, indicating that the two are most correlated.

Figure 2 Correlation between sTREM-1, sST2, CDF, and SOFA/APACHE Ⅱ scores (n = 91). Using Spearman correlation test, correlation coefficient (R) and p value are given in the picture.
Figure 2

Correlation between sTREM-1, sST2, CDF, and SOFA/APACHE Ⅱ scores (n = 91). Using Spearman correlation test, correlation coefficient (R) and p value are given in the picture.

3.3 Prediction of sepsis by combination of sTREM-1 and sST2

To further verify the value of the combined diagnostic model in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of sepsis, dynamic change data of sST2 and sTREM-1 within 7 days were obtained, and correlation analysis and ROC analysis were performed.

To evaluate the prognostic efficacy of combined diagnosis in sepsis, correlation analysis was performed between biomarker levels at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and systematic scores (Figure 2, Figures S3, S4, and S5). The corresponding correlation coefficient (R) and p value are given in Table 2. Correlation analysis results showed that sST2, sTREM-1, and joint factors showed poor correlation with APACHE Ⅱ scores, and the p values of all groups were greater than 0.05. There was a weak correlation between APACHE Ⅱ scoring criteria and selected biomarkers. Meanwhile, sST2, sTREM-1, and joint factors showed a strong correlation with SOFA score (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the CDF group showed a higher correlation coefficient (R) than that of the single biomarker, and the correlation coefficient of the CDF group showed a tendency to decrease with the increase in the time of admission to the EICU.

Table 2

Correlation analysis of sST2, sTREM-1, and CDF with SOFA/APACHE Ⅱ score

APACHE Ⅱ score SOFA score
Biomarkers Day R p value R p value
sST2 1 0.101 0.341 0.808 <0.001
3 0.095 0.369 0.825 <0.001
5 0.048 0.655 0.765 <0.001
7 0.125 0.236 0.795 <0.001
sTREM-1 1 0.154 0.145 0.725 <0.001
3 0.140 0.186 0.775 <0.001
5 0.094 0.377 0.757 <0.001
7 0.118 0.267 0.712 <0.001
CDF 1 0.116 0.274 0.832 <0.001
3 0.108 0.309 0.834 <0.001
5 0.060 0.572 0.803 <0.001
7 0.131 0.216 0.804 <0.001

Note: Spearman correlation analysis was used, and the sample size was 91.

The samples were divided by death (1) and survival (0), and then ROC analysis was performed. As shown in Figure S6, the CDF group showed the largest AUC value. The results indicated that the combined diagnosis model was superior in predicting the prognosis of sepsis. To further distinguish the prognostic effect of the combined diagnostic model on sepsis under the influence of time, sST2, sTREM-1, and combined factors within a 7-day period were selected for ROC analysis. The analysis results are shown in Figure 3. The parameters obtained from the analysis are given in Table 3 and Table S1. ROC analysis results showed that CDF curves were above sST2 and sTREM-1 curves (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Prognostic prediction of sST2, sTREM-1, and CDFs in sepsis (n = 91). ROC analysis curves (a) day 1, (b) day 3, (c) day 5, and (d) day 7.
Figure 3

Prognostic prediction of sST2, sTREM-1, and CDFs in sepsis (n = 91). ROC analysis curves (a) day 1, (b) day 3, (c) day 5, and (d) day 7.

Table 3

AUC of ROC curve

Day Youden index Cut-off concentrations (ng/ml) AUC Standard error 95% Confidence interval
sST2 1 0.66 167.51 0.85 0.043 0.77–0.94
3 0.71 171.81 0.85 0.046 0.76–0.94
5 0.57 166.28 0.91 0.033 0.85–0.98
7 0.67 176.90 0.90 0.037 0.83–0.97
sTREM-1 1 0.66 273.94 0.85 0.048 0.76–0.94
3 0.63 275.14 0.86 0.043 0.77–0.94
5 0.62 265.52 0.85 0.054 0.74–0.95
7 0.64 267.23 0.86 0.048 0.76–0.95
CDF 1 0.69 − 0.87 0.042 0.79–0.96
3 0.69 − 0.87 0.043 0.78–0.95
5 0.62 − 0.91 0.035 0.84–0.98
7 0.63 − 0.90 0.036 0.83–0.97

Statistics of AUC show that, except for the fifth day, the AUC of CDF is smaller than sST2 and sTREM-1, and the other 3 days can get a larger value of AUC. The combined diagnosis is shown to have a maximum AUC value. The difference analysis of paired sample areas under the ROC curve showed that sST2, sTREM-1, and CDF had slight differences (Table S2), showing a strong correlation.

4 Discussion

Sepsis, a severe and life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host’s dysfunctional response to infection, is associated with 18–28% of deaths [1]. Mortality from sepsis has declined over time but remains stubbornly high. The best treatment options include early antibiotic treatment, resuscitation, and control of the source of microbial infection [23]. However, the pathogenic organism is isolated, cultured, identified, and then targeted. During this period, there can be a long cycle of delayed medication or drug abuse. Therefore, timely diagnosis of sepsis is the priority of treatment.

This work is based on the combined detection of two biomarkers to diagnose sepsis and predict prognosis. Our study found that compared with the survival group, the level of sST2 in the death group was higher and had a significant difference (p < 0.05). The level of sTREM-1 in the death group was higher in the first 5 days, but lower on the seventh day (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, sTREM-1 maintained a relatively stable level in patients in the survival group, but showed large fluctuations in patients in the death group (Figure 1). Growth stimulating express gene 2 (ST2) is a member of the IL super receptor family, which is mainly divided into ST2L and sST2 subtypes [24,25]. The level of sST2 was highly expressed in the death group. Compared with the traditional cardiac function index NT-proBNP, the concentration of sST2 was not only affected by myocardial problems caused by renal function and other factors, but also correlated with cardiac function grading and prognosis [26]. sST2 has been included in the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guidelines and the 2014 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure [27,28,29]. As a marker related to cardiovascular diseases, a large number of studies have confirmed the correlation between sST2 and acute and chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, myocardial fibrosis, and other diseases [30,31,32,33], but sST2 as a single marker for the diagnosis of sepsis still has deficiencies. In addition, a meta-analysis conducted by Wu et al. showed that plasma sTREM-1 had moderate diagnostic performance in differentiating sepsis from SIRS, but plasma sTREM-1 as a single marker was not sufficient for the diagnosis of sepsis in patients with systemic inflammation [34].

Clearly, the prediction of a single biomarker is inadequate, considering the differential expression of sST2 and sTREM-1 found in the death and survival groups. We hypothesize that the combined diagnosis of the two may be more effective in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. Therefore, we conducted a follow-up correlation analysis and ROC analysis to evaluate the possibility of sST2 combined with sTREM-1 in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. Studies have shown that combined diagnosis has advantages over single marker diagnosis in sepsis detection [35,36]. Gibot et al. found high performance in diagnosing sepsis in critically ill patients with a score that combines PMN, CD64 index, PCT, and sTREM-1 serum levels [37]. Correlation analysis showed that different from the independent sST2 and sTREM-1 single diagnosis, the combined diagnosis model had a higher correlation with SOFA score (p < 0.001), and the 7-day continuous detection results had a better correlation with SOFA score. ROC curve analysis results showed that compared with single biomarker diagnosis, combined diagnosis was more accurate in predicting the prognosis of sepsis (Figure 3). Statistics of ROC results showed that compared with the single biomarker diagnosis, the combined diagnosis obtained the largest AUC, indicating that combined diagnosis had relatively high accuracy. In addition, the AUC values of the combined diagnostic model increased over time from days 1 to 7, suggesting that combined diagnosis can be used to predict the prognosis of sepsis.

It is speculated that sST2 combined with sTREM-1 can be used for a more accurate diagnosis of sepsis for the following reasons: sST2 and sTREM-1 are highly expressed in the circulating blood of patients with sepsis [38,39]. When cells are damaged or necrotic, the serum expression of IL-33 increases, binds to the ST2 receptor complex, mediates the transcription of Th2 cytokines and induces an immune response [40]. sST2, as a negative regulatory factor, binds to IL-33 and participates in the immunosuppression process. At the same time, when cells are infected, the expression of TREM-1 is increased, which synergies with toll-like receptors to stimulate the production of inflammatory factors, and the expression of sTREM-1 is also increased [41]. Therefore, based on the positive response mechanism of sST2 and sTREM-1 in the immune response of sepsis, the combined diagnosis of SST2 and STREM-1 has relatively high accuracy for the detection and prognosis prediction of sepsis.

As a potential solution, the combined diagnostic model is of great significance in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of sepsis. Our work has created a new idea for follow-up research and provided valuable research data for the further development of the gold standard of clinical diagnosis of sepsis.

5 Shortcomings of the research

The sample size used in this study is still insufficient, and there is a significant difference in the number of samples between the death cases of 22 and the survival group of 69. Therefore, there may be some bias in the relevant analysis. Current diagnostic strategies for clinical diagnosis of sepsis still need to be validated by sufficient study samples or machine learning. The strategy of combined diagnosis is feasible. Considering that other biomarkers may have better diagnostic effects of sepsis and prognostic value under the combined diagnosis scheme, we did not further develop these.

6 Conclusion

In conclusion, compared with the detection of single biomarkers, the combined detection of sTREM-1 and sST2 may be more beneficial to the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. Our results suggest that the combination of sTREM-1 and sST2 may be a potential choice for diagnosing sepsis and predicting its prognosis. However, it is important to note that we only examined the combined effects of sTREM-1 and sST2, and it is not excluded that other biomarkers may show the same or even superior effects in sepsis detection and prognostic prediction. Additional biomarker combinations need to be selected to evaluate the role of combined tests in sepsis diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by the Key Health Science and Technology Research Program of Tianjin (No. ZC20217).

  2. Author contributions: Yongjun Wei and Xiaofeng Shi designed the research; Ping Xiao performed the research; Benjuan Wu analyzed the data; Yongjun Wei and Fuxi Chen wrote the article.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-02-19
Revised: 2023-05-18
Accepted: 2023-05-22
Published Online: 2023-08-17

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0639
Keywords for this article
diagnosis; sepsis; biomarker; soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1; soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

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  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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