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Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region

  • Qi Li EMAIL logo , Dekyi Droma , Xipeng Sun , Yunfa Qiao , Zhenghua Hu and Xuying Zhang
Published/Copyright: October 3, 2023
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 18 Issue 1

Abstract

As a result of global warming, drought, flooding, change in the rainfall pattern, etc. occur frequently. All these natural disasters could cause serious damage to the food security. Soybean is one of the most important oil crops in China. In recent years, the changing climate has brought many uncertain risks to the growth and production of soybean. In this study, based on the local meteorological, soil, and soybean growth-related experimental data, the effects of high temperature and drought stress on soybean were tested. The test parameters were leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter weight, while the analytical tool used was World Food Studies Model crop model. The research was carried out in Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that warming stress shortened the growth period of soybean and reduced the LAI and dry matter accumulation. On the other hand, drought stress also showed a significant impact on the growth period as well as reduced LAI and dry matter accumulation. Comparing the whole growth as well as the flowering-stage to seed-filling-stage treatments of soybean, the results were found very similar. It indicated that the soybean growth from flowering to seed-filling stage was strongly affected by the external environmental factors. The high temperature and drought disasters in the fruiting stages would have a greater impact on the growth and production of soybean crop.

Keywords: WOFOST model; soybean warming; drought; output

1 Introduction

Global warming, mainly due to human activities, is the main cause of many current climate challenges [1,2,3]. As a result of global warming, an increase in drought, flooding, and other extreme natural disasters occur frequently [4], which may cause serious harm to the food security [5]. Continuous warming and frequent occurrences of extreme weather events have posed a serious threat to China’s agricultural development [6]. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr., Family: Poaceae) is one of the most important oil crops and also the main agricultural product particularly in the northeast China [7,8]. However, in recent years, the changing climatic conditions have brought many uncertain risks to the growth of soybean, thereby affecting its production.

After years of development, World Food Studies Model (WOFOST), a crop model, has been improved significantly, including large-scale calibration to evaluate crop parameters such as winter crop overwintering and vernalization processes [9]. Cheng et al. [10] used EnKF algorithm to bring remote sensing soil moisture parameter into the WOFOST model. It improved the analysis of correlation between observed and simulated yield and was found more conducive to crop yield prediction at the field scale. Pan et al. [11] have combined the time-series multispectral remote sensing data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle with the WOFOST model. They have used three methods to predict the leaf area index (LAI) of crops at different growth stages accurately and timely. All these have played a significant role in formulating appropriate planting schemes and avoiding disasters. The WOFOST model is also widely used in China [12,13], but there are few studies on soybean growth simulation.

Heilongjiang Province is a major soybean production based in China. The annual average planting area and the total output of soybean account for 30 and 35%, respectively, of the country. The province alone has been contributing to 80% of the total export volume of soybean for China. In recent years, China’s soybean industry has been facing new challenges. So, in the new era, improving quality and increasing self-sufficiency level of the soybean production system have become a key task for the development of soybean industry in China [14]. In this study, the WOFOST model was used to analyze the sensitivity and localization of the model parameters. This was achieved by combining the historical, meteorological, soil, and soybean yield data into the WOFOST model, which verified the parameters to bring the simulation in line with the growth of soybean. In order to explore the crop field response of soybean to future high-temperature or drought stress conditions, different phases of life of soybean such as the whole growth stage and flowering-stage to seed-filling stage were simulated. The simulation was performed by increasing temperature and drought stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to help soybean production line to achieve the goal of disaster prevention and/or reduction and stable yield increase, and to provide the basis for the local decision-making departments to adopt appropriate cultivation strategies and management countermeasures.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Overview of the study area

The study area is located in the center of the black soil region of Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province (47°39′N, 126°50′E), northeast China. It is a flat terrain experiencing temperate continental monsoon climate, high temperature, rainy summer, and with cold and dry winter. The annual average temperature is 1.5°C, and the annual total rainfall ranges from 500 to 600 mm. This area is suitable for the growth of soybean, where the growth period generally ranges from May to August. In this study, the WOFOST model was verified by the actual soybean yield data collected from the Hailun Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences for 2004, 2009, 2015, 2017, and 2018 production years. Soybean and maize crop rotation has been conventionally practiced in the study area. The data sets used in the model were from discontinuous production years with varied experimental treatment methods of planting soybean. In this study, the same experimental approach is selected to deal with the soybean yield data.

2.2 Data sources

The meteorological and field data, used in this study, were from the natural growth state of soybean [15–17]. The meteorological data required for the WOFOST model operation did include daily minimum and maximum temperature, solar radiation, water vapor pressure, wind speed, and rainfall. However, the data on solar radiation were not directly measured but daily observed sunshine hours were used to calculate the same, using the Angstrom [18] equation. Soil data did include soil types, soil physical and chemical properties, soil bulk density, field capacity and saturation porosity, moisture content, and other physical and chemical properties. Those were mainly acquired from the Chinese soil database (http://vdb3.soil.csdb.cn/). According to the previous research results and soil properties in Heilongjiang Province, the soil parameters are adjusted [19]. Table 1 shows the main soil parameter values of the WOFOST model.

Table 1

Main soil parameter values of the WOFOST model

Parameter Meaning Unit Value
SMW Wilting coefficient % 20.3
SMFCF Field moisture capacity % 31.4
SM0 Saturated moisture % 38.5

2.3 Parameter calibration of the WOFOST model

It is difficult to calibrate each parameter accurately because of the difference of varieties and field management. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate the sensitivity of the input parameters. The developed concept for calibration was based on: to select the more sensitive parameters to modify and to use the default values of the model or the reference values in the literature directly for the less sensitive parameters. One-at-a-time method is the most common method to calibrate the model parameters, which omits the correlation between the parameters and is convenient to establish the sensitivity of each independent parameter [20]. The WOFOST model is run for simulation, and the result is observed after the parameter value to be determined is adjusted up or down by 10% without changing the simulation environment and other parameter values under the potential growth condition [21].

In this study, TAGP (total aboveground production), TWSO (total dry weight of storage organs), TWST (total dry weight of stems), and TWLV (total dry weight of leaves) of the model output results were selected as comparison items. And the change percentage of each index, namely, the sensitivity of the selected parameters, was calculated, as shown in the following formula:

(1) S = Y i − Y 0 Y 0 ,

where Y 0 is the simulation result of the initial parameter value of the model, and Y i is the model simulation result after the change of its parameter.

Select the parameters with higher sensitivity and larger value range, such as TMNFTB and AMAXTB2, and use the trial-and-error method to further determine the appropriate values of the parameters. The specific parameter values are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Main crop parameters of the WOFOST model

Parameter Meaning Unit Value
TDWI Initial dry matter weight kg/hm2 120
TMUS2 Accumulated temperature from flowering to maturity °C day 1150
SLATB1 Specific leaf area hm²/kg 0.014
SPAN Leaf life cycle at 35°C day 23
CVL Efficiency of conversion of assimilate into dry weight of leaf — 0.72
CVR Efficiency of assimilation into root dry matter — 0.72
CVS Efficiency of assimilation into stem dry matter — 0.69
Q10 Rate of increase in respiration rate with a temperature change of 10°C — 2
CVO Efficiency of conversion of assimilate into storage organ — 0.48

2.4 Select base year

In this study, by comparing the relative deviation of temperature and precipitation anomaly index and yield, a general representative year was selected as the base year to facilitate the simulation of stress treatment in the later period, and the anomaly results are shown in Figure 3. The calculation formula of anomaly index is shown in the following formula:

(2) Anomaly index = Average temperature per year − Fifteen - year mean temperature Fifteen - year mean temperature

According to the results, the temperature anomaly index in 2018 was the lowest, reaching −0.035, but the precipitation anomaly value was too high, the precipitation and temperature anomaly values in 2015 were both at a small level, but the relative deviation of yield simulation was high, the temperature anomaly index in 2017 was 0.106, and the precipitation anomaly index was −0.2. The relative deviation of the yield was −0.10, which belonged to a low level, so it was used as the base year (CK) for the follow-up study.

3 Results and analysis

3.1 3.1 Verification of the WOFOST model

The simulation verification indexes include mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative root mean square error (RRMSE). See formulas (3), (4), (5), and (6) for specific calculation, respectively:

(3) MAE = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n ∣ B i − G i ∣ ,

(4) MRE = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n B i − G i B i ,

(5) RMSE = ∑ i = 1 n ( B i − G i ) 2 n ,

(6) RRMSE = RMSE B i ¯ × 100 % ,

where B i and G i represent the observed value and the simulated value, respectively; B i is the average value of the observed value; n is the number of comparative data; MAE and MRE represent the conformity degree of the simulated value and the observed value, respectively; and RMSE and RRMSE represent the fitting precision of the simulated value and observed value, and the smaller the value is, the better the simulation effect is. The calculation results are shown in Table 3. It can be seen from Table 3 that the RRMSE value of the WOFOST model for soybean yield simulation reached 3.5%, and the simulation effect for yield was better.

Table 3

Comparative analysis of simulated and observed yield

Numerical value Result
Measured mean (kg/hm2) 2488.4
Simulated mean (kg/hm2) 2,477
MAE (kg/hm2) 77
MRE (%) 0.031
RMSE (kg/hm2) 86.113
RRMSE (%) 3.5

Figures 1 and 2 are the comparisons between the simulated flowering period and maturity period and the actual corresponding growth period. It can be seen from the figure that the R 2 of the simulated and measured values of the soybean flowering period is 0.94, and the R 2 of the simulated and measured values of the soybean maturity period is 0.98. The linear fitting precision of both is high, indicating that the simulation effect is good.

Figure 1 Comparison of simulated and measured flowering date.
Figure 1

Comparison of simulated and measured flowering date.

Figure 2 Comparison of simulated and measured values in mature period.
Figure 2

Comparison of simulated and measured values in mature period.

The aforementioned results showed that the WOFOST model simulated soybean yield and growth period results are relatively accurate, after adjusting the parameters of the local model in the study area of soybean growth and development of dynamic simulation effect is good, and the adjusted WOFOST model can be used for Hailun area of soybean growth and yield simulation.

3.2 Coercive settings

Flowering and podding stages are the most important periods of soybean growth and development wherein the ovary gradually expands to form young pods. This period is also the most efficient water and fertilizer requirement period of soybean. So, adequate water and heat conditions can promote the formation and growth of pods, a prerequisite for seed-filling stage and yield formation. Seed-filling stage is the period of expanding seeds in the pod, which is the most critical period of soybean seed formation. During this period, the common high temperature and drought and flood disasters will lead to pod death, shriveled grain, grain weight decline, and other phenomena, which directly lead to soybean yield reduction. In this study, two groups of experiments were designed: one is the whole growth period of soybean treatment experiment and the other is the only for soybean flowering to seed-filling stage treatment, using the output results of the WOFOST model as an index, to compare the response of soybean to high temperature and drought stress in different stages.

The specific coercion setting method is modified based on the quasi-annual meteorological data. Among them, the setting of warming treatment in the whole growth period was to increase the average, minimum, and maximum temperature of soybean growth period by 1, 2, and 3°C, respectively. The setting of the warming treatment group from the flowering stage to the seed-filling stage is that only the warming treatment is carried out in this stage, and no treatment is carried out in other growth stages, and the setting of the warming stress is the same as that of the treatment group in the whole growth period.

In the WOFOST model, the simulation method under water-limited condition is usually used to simulate the drought situation, which can more truly simulate the physiological state of crops under water-limited condition. The drought stress in this study was mainly regulated by precipitation. The specific drought stress setting is set according to the precipitation anomaly percentage. That is, the precipitation during the simulation period is changed based on the original precipitation anomaly, so that the modified precipitation anomaly percentage-integrated value is maintained at three different levels, and the specific drought standard is shown in Table 4.

Table 4

Table of soybean drought grades

Level Precipitation anomaly percentage (%)
Light drought 70
Moderate drought 60
Severe drought 50

3.3 Effects of warming on the LAI of soybean

The LAI is an important index reflecting the growth status of plant population, which can mainly limit the interception and accumulation of light energy by crops, thus affecting the photosynthesis and respiration of crops, and is closely related to the yield of soybean [22]. The dry matter accumulation of soybean ear is the direct embodiment of soybean yield. Therefore, in this study, the LAI and dry matter accumulation of soybean were used as indicators for comparative analysis.

Figures 3–5 show the change values of the LAI of soybean under the conditions of increasing temperature of 1, 2, and 3°C, respectively. The LAI of soybean increases continuously from the early flowering stage, reaches the maximum value at the seed-filling stage, and then decreases rapidly. It also decreased with the increase in temperature. The LAI of the treatment group reached the maximum on the 201st day, i.e., 6 days earlier than that under the normal temperature, and the LAI was 4.47. From this value, the LAI decreased by 0.25 compared with that under the normal temperature. Starting from flowering to seed-filling stage, the treatment group reached the maximum on the 204th day, 3 days earlier than the normal temperature, and the LAI decreased by 0.16. When the temperature increased 2°C, the LAI of the treatment group in the whole growth period reached the maximum on the 198th day, which was 9 days earlier than the normal temperature and decreased by 0.57. The LAI of the treatment group from flowering stage to seed-filling stage reached the maximum on the 202nd day, which was 5 days earlier than the normal temperature and decreased by 0.37. Under the condition of 3°C warming, the LAI of the treatment group reached the maximum on the 194th day, 13 days earlier than the actual temperature and the LAI decreased by 0.73. The treatment group reached the maximum on the 199th day from flowering to seed-filling stage, 8 days earlier than the normal temperature and decreased by 0.58.

Figure 3 LAI of soybean at 1°C.
Figure 3

LAI of soybean at 1°C.

Figure 4 LAI of soybean at 2°C.
Figure 4

LAI of soybean at 2°C.

Figure 5 LAI of soybean at 3°C.
Figure 5

LAI of soybean at 3°C.

3.4 Effects of warming on dry matter accumulation of soybean

Figure 6 shows the dry matter accumulation of soybean under different warming conditions, in which TWLV, TWST, TWSO, and TAGP are the total dry weight of leaves, stems, storage organs, and aboveground production, respectively. The yield per plant is determined by the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of seeds. The available position of soybean is mainly the position of seeds. Therefore, TWSO (ear weight) is mainly used as the basis of yield when discussing the yield. Compared with the three sets of charts, warming affected the dry matter accumulation of each part, except for TWSO yield; the yield of the other three parts was less than that of the treatment group from flowering to seed-filling stage in the whole growth period and less than that of the CK treatment group. The results of TWSO showed that the yield of the treatment group from anthesis to seed-filling stage was less than that of the treatment group from the whole growth period.

Figure 6 Dry matter accumulation of soybean under warming strip.
Figure 6

Dry matter accumulation of soybean under warming strip.

3.5 Effects of drought on LAI of soybean

Figures 7–9 represents the charts of the LAI of soybean under different drought stress. The results show that the three degrees of drought stress all reduce the value of the LAI of soybean in different degrees. But there are no effects on the growth period of soybean, and the time when the LAI reaches the maximum value in the same group of treatments is on the same day. Under light drought stress, the maximum leaf area of treatment group in the whole growth period was 4.6, which was decreased by 0.12 compared with CK, and the maximum leaf area of treatment group from flowering stage to seed-filling stage was 4.14, which was decreased by 0.58 compared with CK. Under moderate drought stress, the maximum leaf area of treatment group in the whole growth period was 4.42, which was 0.30 lower than that of CK, and the maximum leaf area of treatment group from flowering stage to seed-filling stage was 4.13, which was 0.57 lower than that of normal temperature. Under severe drought stress, the maximum leaf area of treatment group in the whole growth period was 4.49, which decreased by 0.23 compared with CK, and the maximum leaf area of treatment group from flowering stage to seed-filling stage was 4.13, which decreased by 0.57 compared with normal temperature.

Figure 7 LAI of soybean under light drought stress.
Figure 7

LAI of soybean under light drought stress.

Figure 8 LAI of soybean under moderate drought stress.
Figure 8

LAI of soybean under moderate drought stress.

Figure 9 LAI of soybean under severe drought stress.
Figure 9

LAI of soybean under severe drought stress.

3.6 Effects of drought on dry matter accumulation of soybean

Figure 10 is a dry matter accumulation diagram of soybean under drought stress, and the yield of all parts under drought stress shows that the yield of the treatment group in the whole growth period is less than that of the treatment group in the flowering period to the seed-filling period and less than that of the CK treatment group. The yield reduction rate of TWSO was calculated by comparing the spike weight and yield of each treatment with the control group. Under light drought stress, the yield reduction rate of the treatment group from flowering to seed-filling stage and the whole growth period were 3.5 and 5.5%, respectively, but under the moderate drought stress, the rates were 3.9 and 6.08%, respectively. The reduction rate of the treatment group in the whole growth period was 12.57%. In conclusion, drought reduced the yield of soybean, especially from flowering stage to seed-filling stage.

Figure 10 Dry matter accumulation of soybean under different stages of drought stress.
Figure 10

Dry matter accumulation of soybean under different stages of drought stress.

4 Analysis and discussion

Leaf physicochemical characteristics (active leaf area and physiological reactions) are very sensitive to heat and water stresses, which in many cases are interrelated and have an accumulative effect on plant growth [1,3]. In this study, two different growth stages (i.e., whole growth period and flowering to seed-filling stage) of soybean were tested with stress factors. Comparing the two groups of experiments, it was found that both the high temperature and drought stress reduced the LAI of soybean. It is worth mentioning that although the second group of experiments were devoted to only flowering to seed-filling stage, the decline of the LAI was more prominent than that of the whole growth period. This phenomenon and soybean leaf growth rate have a certain relationship, which means flowering stage to seed-filling period is the most vigorous stage of growth in soybean leaves. At this stage, excessive temperature accelerates leaf transpiration, while insufficient water inhibits the growth of plant leaves. The LAI refers to the multiple of the total area of plant leaves per unit land area. Therefore, high temperature and drought stress at this stage will inevitably have a greater impact on the LAI of soybean, and several studies have shown that drought stress significantly reduces the level of crop LAI [23].

From the model of soybean LAI simulation results, the change of the LAI and the degree of drought were significantly negatively correlated. It indicates that low soil moisture will also affect the photosynthesis and respiration of soybean, leading to the reduction of soybean leaf area, limiting the accumulation of photosynthates, and ultimately causing plant yield reduction. Therefore, water is an important factor for soybean production; more clearly, adequate soil moisture can improve the growth of soybean and increase the number of soybean pods [24]. Increasing the LAI, especially at seed-filling stage, was beneficial to the accumulation of photosynthate and grain yield [25,26].

Comparing the dry matter accumulation of soybean spike in the two groups, the difference between the warming and drought stress groups from flowering to seed-filling stage and the whole growth period treatment group was very small. The reason of this phenomenon is that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) is constantly changing in the whole growth period of soybean. It indicates, roughly, that the Pn increases slowly from the flower bud differentiation stage, increases rapidly at the flowering stage, reaches the highest value at the pod-setting stage, then decreases slowly at the pod-filling stage, and decreases to the lowest value at the maturity stage. Therefore, the main dry matter accumulation period of soybean via photosynthesis occurs during the flowering to the pod-setting stage. Previous studies have also shown that high temperature and drought stress affect the photosynthetic capacity of soybean leaves, which is not conducive to flower opening and fertilization process, but reduce the podding rate and affect dry matter accumulation, thereby reducing the yield of soybean [27,28,29]. This finding is consistent with the conclusion of this study.

5 Conclusion

In this study, the localization of the WOFOST model was completed by using the actual data of Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province, and the effects of warming and drought on soybean growth and development in different periods were simulated using the same model. The results showed that the growth period of soybean was significantly shortened, and the LAI and dry matter accumulation were reduced in different degrees by warming treatment in the whole growth period of soybean. The results of warming and drought treatments were different. The growth period of soybean was not shortened, but the LAI and dry matter accumulation were significantly reduced. The yield of each part of soybean was further simulated, which showed a significant decrease after drought stress. The yield reduction rate increased with the deepening of drought but showed a reduced rate in case of stem and leaf dry weight and was significantly higher than that of ear weight.

In the experiment of increasing temperature and drought stress treatment from flowering to seed-filling stage of soybean, it was found that the stress simulation results of this stage were very close to those of the treatment groups in the whole growth stage. The reduction of the LAI under drought treatment was stronger than that of the whole growth period treatment but the yield of TWSO was slightly less than it. All the other simulation results showed that the effect of stress treatment on the whole growth period was slightly greater than that on the stress treatment only from flowering to seed-filling stage. This indicated that the growth of soybean was greatly affected by the external environment from the flowering to the seed-filling stage, and the high temperature or drought stress at this stage would seriously damage the growth and development of soybean.

Acknowledgments

The authors are greatly thankful to the Ecological and Agricultural Observation Technology Innovation Teamfrom the Meteorological Observation Centre of CMA for their thoughtful discussions.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by grants from the Special Technology Innovation Fund of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in Jiangsu Province (BE2022312).

  2. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  3. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-04-28
Revised: 2023-08-07
Accepted: 2023-08-09
Published Online: 2023-10-03

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
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  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
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  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
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  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
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  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
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  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
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  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
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  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
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  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
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  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
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  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
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  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
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  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
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  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
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  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
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  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
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  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
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  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
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  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
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  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
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  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
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  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
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  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
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  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
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  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
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  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
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  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
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  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0717
Keywords for this article
WOFOST model; soybean warming; drought; output
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

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  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
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  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
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  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
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  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
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  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
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  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
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  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
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  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
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  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
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  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
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  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
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  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
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  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
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  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
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  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
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  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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