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Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway

  • Lijuan Ma , Li Liu , Min Ji , Liping Su , Yaling Guan , Jinling Xiao and Hongwei Pu EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 30, 2023
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 18 Issue 1

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of Ezrin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigate potential therapeutic targets for ESCC by interfering with Ezrin expression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Ezrin expression differed significantly among patients with different clinical stage ESCC. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between Ezrin and yes-associated protein/connective tissue growth factor (YAP1/CTGF) levels in esophageal cancer. Sixty paraffin-embedded ESCC tissue samples were examined and Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF levels were determined using immunohistochemistry. The positive expression rates of Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF were significantly lower in adjacent tissues than in ESCC tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of Ezrin expression inhibited colony formation and reduced cell migration and invasion. Compared with control ESCC cells, protein expression levels of YAP1 and CTGF were significantly downregulated in cells with Ezrin knocked down. We conclude that Ezrin may be involved in ESCC progression through the Hippo signaling pathway.

Keywords: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; ezrin; yes-associated protein; Hippo signaling pathway; connective tissue growth factor

1 Introduction

Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the world (by incidence), and the sixth deadliest, according to mortality rates. Mortality rates for new cases of esophageal cancer are >50%, because of its highly aggressive characteristics and due to frequent diagnosis at a late stage of disease, resulting in a 5 year survival rates of approximately 12–39%. From a global perspective, the incidence rate of esophageal cancer in China ranks first in the world, and >540,000 people died of esophageal cancer in 2020 worldwide, of which almost 50% of deaths were in China. Esophageal cancer can be histologically classified into esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), with ESCC accounting for >90% of esophageal cancer cases in China [1,2,3,4].

Ezrin, a protein belonging to the Ezrin/radixin/moesin family, is abnormally expressed in various tumors, including ESCC [5,6]. Ezrin has an important role in maintenance of protein structural stability and integrity, and can promote cancer occurrence and progression [7,8]. High levels of Ezrin gene expression are linked to cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor differentiation. Enhancers are elements that regulate gene expression and non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis can be reduced by knocking the Ezrin enhancer down or out [9]. Ezrin promotes artery epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through Hippo–yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling [10]. The Hippo signaling pathway plays a unique regulatory role in biological processes, such as organ size and tissue regeneration, and is strongly implicated in tumor development and progression [11,12]. YAP is a key effector in Hippo pathway signal transduction, and is overexpressed in the nuclei of human colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer cells [13,14]. Further, YAP can be used as a marker for clinical tumor diagnosis and prognosis [15,16]. In addition, as a direct target gene downstream of YAP, the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is positively correlated with the activity of Hippo/YAP1 pathway [17]. In cancer, CTGF can promote tumor occurrence, progression, and metastasis by regulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The YAP/CTGF axis is important in tumor malignant progression. For example, SREBP1 overexpression can upregulate CTGF levels through the Hippo–YAP pathway and promote thyroid cell invasion [18]. Ezrin promotes the invasion and metastasis of some tumors by upregulating YAP1 expression [19]. Based on these data, we speculated that the mechanism of YAP1 promotion of ESCC development may be related to Ezrin, which has a regulatory effect on the YAP1/CTGF signaling pathway. To test this hypothesis, we constructed ESCC cells with targeted Ezrin knockdown, and studied the specific molecular mechanism by which Ezrin promotes ESCC malignant progression at the cellular and molecular levels, as well as the interaction between Ezrin and YAP1 in ESCC occurrence and development, providing new targets for the clinical prevention or treatment of ESCC.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Materials

2.1.1 Clinical tissue samples

A total of 60 paraffin-embedded ESCC tissue samples were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2008 and 2018.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: Research related to human participants complied with all relevant national regulations and institutional policies, and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (K201909-03).

2.2 Methods

2.2.1 Online database analysis

Analysis of Ezrin expression in ESCC and normal esophageal tissue samples was conducted using data from the UALCAN database. Data from the GEPIA and UALCAN databases were used to analyze Ezrin expression in different clinical stages of esophageal cancer, and correlation between Ezrin and YAP1 expression levels was assessed using data from GEPIA. Additionally, a network of protein–protein interactions involving Ezrin was constructed using STRING.

2.2.2 Cell culture

Human ESCC cell lines (KYSE30, KYSE150, and KYSE450) and a human esophageal epithelial cell line (SHEE) were obtained from the Shanghai Cell Bank (Shanghai, China). A lentivirus vector for Ezrin gene knockdown and a negative control vector were purchased from Shanghai Genechem Co., Ltd. The specific sequences were as follows: EZR-RNAi (89218-1): 5′-CGTGGGATGCTCAAAGATAAT-3′; EZR-RNAi (89219-1): 5′-GGGCAACCATGAGTTGTATAT-3′; EZR-RNAi (89220-1): 5′-GAGGACC CACAATGACATCAT-3′; Negative control: 5′-TTCTCCGAACGTGTCACGT-3′. Cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco Co., USA), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (BI Co., Israel), and penicillin/streptomycin (1%) (Gibco Co., USA).

2.2.3 Cell transfection

Cells in logarithmic growth were seeded in 24-well culture plates at 3 × 106 cells per well. Cultures were continued for 72 h to observe transfection efficiency. Transfected cells were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope, then screened by flow cytometry and western blotting to evaluate target protein knockout efficiency.

2.2.4 Wound-healing assay

Wound-healing assays were conducted to evaluate cell migration rates. Cells in logarithmic growth phase were seeded into six-well plates at 5 × 105 cells/mL and cultured to 90% confluence. A 1 mL pipette tip was used to draw a straight line wound in the adherent cells and the scratch subsequently observed under a microscope to obtain images after 0 and 48 h. Cell migration rates were evaluated based on the average scratch width ratio.

2.2.5 Colony formation assay

Cells were inoculated in six-well plates (500 cells/well) and cultured for 7–14 days. After the cells formed clonal groups, they were fixed with 4% histiocytic cell fixation solution at room temperature for 20 min, then 1 mL of 0.1% crystal purple (McLean, China) was added to each well for 2 min, followed by washing with PBS until the staining solution was washed away and clusters of cell clones stained purple were visible.

2.2.6 Transwell assays

For migration assays, cell suspensions were added to the upper chambers of Transwell dishes and 500 μL of complete culture medium was added to each lower chamber. After 24 h culture, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with crystal violet for 15 min. For invasion assays, the procedure used was similar to that for the migration assay, except that cells in upper chambers were embedded in Matrigel (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA). Images of five randomly selected microscopic fields of fixed cells were captured and the number of cells that had migrated or invaded tallied.

2.2.7 Western blotting

Cells were collected and lysed using RIPA buffer solution (Abcam Inc., ab156034). Protein content was measured using the BCA method and 30 μg protein aliquots of each sample was separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Solarbio Company, China). Separated proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), which were blocked for 1 h and then incubated with primary antibodies specific for Ezrin (1:500) (Abcam Inc., ab4069), YAP1 (1:500) (Abcam Inc., ab52771), CTGF (1:700) (Proteintech, USA, 23936-1-AP), and GAPDH (1:500) (Abcam Inc., ab181602) overnight at 4°C. Subsequently, secondary antibodies were added and incubated at room temperature for 1 h. The chemiluminescence signals were generated by X-ray film. Finally, protein expression was quantified using Image J software.

2.2.8 Immunohistochemical analysis

Paraffin sections were processed by xylene dewaxing, ethanol hydration, and blocking with PBS (HyClone Company, USA) containing normal goat serum. Primary antibodies against Ezrin, YAP1, and CTGF (1:50) were added and incubated overnight at 4°C in a wet box. Subsequently, secondary antibody and DAB (Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao, China) staining were applied. Five high-power (×200) views were randomly selected for each section and scores estimated based on stain intensity and the percentage of positive cells.

2.3 Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 and GraphPad Prism 7.0. The measurement data were expressed as mean value ± SEM, while counting data were analyzed using the χ2 test and Fisher exact probability method. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated for correlation analysis. Results were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.

3 Results

3.1 Bioinformatics analysis showed that Ezrin was highly expressed in esophageal cancer and interacts with YAP1/CTGF

We analyzed the relationship between differential Ezrin expression and ESCC cancer stage in patient data from the UALCAN database. Ezrin mRNA expression in stage I tumors was significantly higher than that in normal tissue, and Ezrin mRNA expression levels tended to increase in higher stage tumors (Figure 1a). We also used GEPIA data to further determine that the differences in Ezrin mRNA expression in patients with different clinical stages of ESCC were statistically significant (P = 0.009; Figure 1b). Moreover, analysis of data from the GEPIA database revealed a significant correlation between Ezrin and YAP1 levels in esophageal cancer tissue (P = 0.0024; R = 0.1) (Figure 1c). Searching for Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF in the STRING database indicated that there was an interaction between them (Figure 1d). Taken together, these data suggest that Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF may form a complex molecular network of interactions, which is potentially related to the carcinogenic mechanism. Thus, Ezrin likely plays an important role in esophageal cancer occurrence and development.

Figure 1 Correlation between Ezrin expression and tumor stage in data from patients with ESCC in the (a) UALCAN and (b) GEPIA databases. Analysis of the interaction between Ezrin and YAP1 using (c) UALCAN and (d) STRING.
Figure 1

Correlation between Ezrin expression and tumor stage in data from patients with ESCC in the (a) UALCAN and (b) GEPIA databases. Analysis of the interaction between Ezrin and YAP1 using (c) UALCAN and (d) STRING.

3.2 High expression and positive correlation between Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF in esophageal cancer tissue

Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF expression levels in esophageal cancer tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (Figure 2). The positive expression rates of Ezrin, YAP1, and CTGF in cancer tissues were 86.7, 91.6, and 88.3%, while corresponding adjacent tissues showed low expression rates of 23.3, 11.7, and 18.3%, respectively. These data suggest that the positive expression rates of Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF were significantly lower in adjacent tissues than those in ESCC tissues (P < 0.001; Table 1). Spearman correlation analysis found a positive correlation between Ezrin and CTGF (P = 0.014, r = 0.316), Ezrin and YAP1 levels also showed significant and positive correlation (P < 0.001, r = 0.414, Table 2).

Figure 2 Expression levels of Ezrin, YAP1, and CTGF in ESCC (a) and adjacent (b) tissues (magnification, 200×).
Figure 2

Expression levels of Ezrin, YAP1, and CTGF in ESCC (a) and adjacent (b) tissues (magnification, 200×).

Table 1

Expression of Ezrin, YAP1, and CTGF in ESCC and adjacent tissues

Category Pathological parameters/N (%) χ 2 value P value
ESCC tissues Adjacent tissues
Ezrin Positive 52 (86.7) 14 (23.3) 48.620 <0.001
Negative 8 (13.3) 46 (76.7)
YAP1 Positive 55 (91.6) 7 (11.7) 76.885 <0.001
Negative 5 (3.4) 53 (88.3)
CTGF Positive 53 (88.3) 11 (18.3) 59.063 <0.001
Negative 7 (11.7) 49 (81.7)

P ＜ 0.05, the difference was statistically significant.

Table 2

Correlation between Ezrin and YAP1/ CTGF expression

Category Ezrin r value P value
Positive Negative
YAP1 Positive 50 5 0.414 <0.001
Negative 2 3
CTGF Positive 48 5 0.316 0.014
Negative 4 3

P＜0.05, the difference was statistically significant.

3.3 Ezrin protein expression was significantly down-regulated in the sh-Ezrin group

Western blot analysis was conducted to detect Ezrin protein expression. The results showed that Ezrin was expressed in all three ESCC cell lines, and the expression was highest in KYSE150 cells compared with the normal esophageal squamous cell line, SHEE (P = 0.004, Figure 3a). Therefore, we chose KYSE150 for use in subsequent experiments.

Figure 3 (a) Ezrin protein expression in esophageal epithelial cells and esophageal squamous cell cancer lines detected by western blot analysis. **P < 0.01 vs SHEE. (b) Western blot analysis of ezrin expression after lentivirus transfection. **P < 0.01 vs KYSE150.
Figure 3

(a) Ezrin protein expression in esophageal epithelial cells and esophageal squamous cell cancer lines detected by western blot analysis. **P < 0.01 vs SHEE. (b) Western blot analysis of ezrin expression after lentivirus transfection. **P < 0.01 vs KYSE150.

Following lentivirus transfection, western blot analysis was conducted to analyze Ezrin expression at the protein level. Relative to KYSE150 cells in the control group, Ezrin protein expression in the sh-Ezrin group was significantly down-regulated (P = 0.005, Figure 3b).

3.4 Knockdown of Ezrin inhibited ESCC cell migration and invasion

Scratch test experiments revealed that KYSE150 cell migration was attenuated after Ezrin knockdown; the scratch healing rate of the KYSE150 group was 80.70 ± 7.16%, while that in the sh-Ezrin group was 32.04 ± 11.69%; hence the migration rate in the sh-Ezrin group was significantly lower than that of the KYSE150 control group after 48 h (Figure 4b, P = 0.008). This finding indicates that Ezrin knockdown can reduce tumor cell migration ability.

Figure 4 Knockdown of Ezrin inhibited ESCC cell migration and invasion. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs KYSE150. (a) and (b) Scratch healing test for analysis of ESCC cell healing after cell transfection (magnification, 100×). (c) and (d) Transwell assay evaluated ESCC migration and invasion after cell transfection.
Figure 4

Knockdown of Ezrin inhibited ESCC cell migration and invasion. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs KYSE150. (a) and (b) Scratch healing test for analysis of ESCC cell healing after cell transfection (magnification, 100×). (c) and (d) Transwell assay evaluated ESCC migration and invasion after cell transfection.

To further clarify whether Ezrin can inhibit ESCC cell migration and invasion, we conducted Transwell chamber assays to evaluate cell invasion and migration rates. The results showed that the number of migrated and invaded cells was significantly lower in the sh-Ezrin group than that in the KYSE150 group (Figure 4d, P < 0.05), suggesting that Ezrin can promote ESCC metastasis and invasion and may be a therapeutic target to prevent ESCC metastasis.

3.5 Ezrin promoted ESCC cell proliferation

Next the effects of Ezrin on cell colony forming ability were assessed using a plate cloning test. The number of cell clones in the KYSE150 control group was significantly and markedly higher than those in the sh-Ezrin group (P = 0.004), demonstrating that Ezrin can boost ESCC cell proliferation (Figure 5).

Figure 5 Plate cloning experiment to detect the number of colonies in the KYSE150 group, sh-NC group, and sh-Ezrin group. **P < 0.01 vs KYSE150.
Figure 5

Plate cloning experiment to detect the number of colonies in the KYSE150 group, sh-NC group, and sh-Ezrin group. **P < 0.01 vs KYSE150.

3.6 Ezrin promoted upregulation of YAP1 and CTGF protein levels

To further investigate the relationship between Ezrin and YAP1/CTGF expression, we analyzed YAP1 and CTGF protein levels in ESCC cells using western blots. YAP1 (P = 0.026) and CTGF (P = 0.011) protein levels were significantly lower in the sh-Ezrin group than those in the KYSE150 control group (Figure 6), indicating that Ezrin expression is positively correlated with YAP1 and CTGF activity. Therefore, Ezrin may be involved in the enhancement of YAP1 and CTGF protein expression during ESCC development.

Figure 6 Western blot analysis showing YAP1 and CTGF protein levels in ESCC cells. *P < 0.05 vs KYSE150.
Figure 6

Western blot analysis showing YAP1 and CTGF protein levels in ESCC cells. *P < 0.05 vs KYSE150.

4 Discussion

ESCC is among the most aggressive malignant tumors, and its incidence rate is increasing annually. Although modern medicine has made great progress in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy in recent years, most cases of ESCC are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease. Due to rapid metastasis and poor prognosis, early accurate diagnosis is of great significance to improve the overall survival rate of patients with ESCC. Ezrin protein is found in almost all human tissue cells and involved in the regulation of tumor cell adhesion, motility, signal transduction, and metastasis. Further, Ezrin is up-regulated in various cancers and associated with poor prognosis [20,21,22]. Additionally, the Ezrin gene enhancer exhibits enhanced transcriptional activity in pancreatic cancer [23]. Ezrin is mainly distributed in lung cancer tissues and metastases, and its expression is significantly correlated with the degree of lymphatic metastasis, malignant phenotype, and advanced TNM stage in patients with lung cancer, while downregulating Ezrin protein can reverse lung cancer malignant behavior [24]. Imaging characteristics of children with osteosarcoma combined with KI67 and Ezrin gene expression were used to establish a model that can accurately predict cell metastasis in this context [25]. Overall, the available evidence suggests that regulation of Ezrin gene transcription may exhibit similar characteristics in different types of tumor cells, and that Ezrin has potential as a valuable prognostic biomarker and biotherapeutic target in tumors.

Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that Ezrin is highly expressed in ESCC, and we identified a significant difference in Ezrin expression among esophageal cancer at different clinical stages. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the positive expression rates of Ezrin, YAP1, and CTGF in paracancer tissues were 23.3, 11.7, and 18.3%, while those in ESCC were 86.7, 91.6, and 88.3%, respectively, displaying significant differences. We speculated that the abnormally high expression of Ezrin, YAP1, and CTGF in ESCC may be closely related to ESCC occurrence and development. By conducting a literature review, we found that Ezrin is significantly up-regulated in various tumors, including esophageal cancer, but the specific pathways and mechanisms involved remain unclear. Therefore, we used western blot analysis to detect Ezrin expression in different esophageal squamous cell lines, and selected the KYSE150 line for further study. Ezrin knockdown efficiency was verified by western blot. Subsequently, Functional cell culture experiments were conducted to observe the impact of Ezrin silencing on ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further, we conducted molecular analysis to observe the impact of Ezrin knockdown on core factors of the Hippo signaling pathway.

Invasion and metastasis are major biological characteristics of malignant tumors, and the main causes of clinical treatment failure and death. Ezrin expression is greatly increased in breast cancer cells and involved in regulating breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis [7]. Abnormal expression of Ezrin protein can confer high metastatic activity on tumor cells, affect and participate in multiple processes involved in tumor metastasis, and may even be a factor determining tumor metastasis [26]. In this study, cell proliferation and migration were measured using the plate cloning and cell scratch methods, respectively. We found that Ezrin knockdown inhibited KYSE150 cell proliferation and migration, consistent with the findings of a study where Ezrin gene knockout decreased proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells [27]. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of Ezrin knockdown on KYSE150 cell invasion and migration ability using Transwell assays, and found that Ezrin knockdown significantly reduced KYSE150 cell invasion and migration ability.

The classical Hippo signaling pathway mainly regulates cell proliferation and death by inhibiting the function of YAP, thereby maintaining tissue and organ homeostasis [28]. YAP is involved in various fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance, and has important roles in tumor occurrence and development [29]. Ezrin and YAP1 are highly expressed in tumor cells, and Ezrin can regulate YAP1 expression, thereby promoting cancer occurrence and development [30]. CTGF, a cysteine-rich polypeptide, has significant roles in biological mechanisms including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell movement; it is a downstream gene of YAP1, and its expression directly affects the YAP1 pathway, which is important in cancer progression. CTGF is important in progression of various types of tumors, where it can both promote and inhibit tumor progression. High CTGF expression in cells can promote tumor cell malignant progression [31], while CTGF is down-regulated and negatively correlated with invasive ability in colorectal cancer tissues and cells [32]. In this study, to confirm the regulatory effect of Ezrin on the YAP1/CTGF signaling pathway in ESCC cells after Ezrin was knocked down, YAP1 and CTGF protein levels were analyzed by western blot. The results showed that, after Ezrin knockdown, YAP1 and CTGF protein levels were significantly down-regulated. We infer from this result that Ezrin may promote ESCC occurrence and development, and its impact on ESCC malignant behavior may occur via up-regulation of YAP1 and CTGF expression in the Hippo pathway; however, our findings cannot fully and accurately explain the mechanism underlying the interaction between Ezrin and other core components of the Hippo pathway, which will be a major aspect of follow-up research on this subject. Comprehensive and in-depth analysis of Ezrin will provide new information regarding the basic mechanisms underlying ESCC activity. From a therapeutic perspective, our findings could contribute to the identification of new drug targets for ESCC prevention and treatment.

5 Conclusion

Ezrin can improve ESCC cell proliferation, migration rate, and invasion ability, indicating that Ezrin may be an important factor in ESCC occurrence and development, thus providing new insights that could inform ESCC treatment. In addition, Ezrin protein expression was positively correlated with YAP1/CTGF protein levels, suggesting that Ezrin may be involved in ESCC progression through the YAP1/CTGF signaling pathway. Overall, Ezrin inhibition can delay ESCC progression.

# Lijuan Ma and Li Liu contributed equally to this work.

Acknowledgements

The lentivirus used in this experiment was constructed by Shanghai Jikai Gene Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases Fund (SKL-HIDCA-2019-37); Xinjiang Medical University Doctoral Research Initiation Fund (2019-06); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases.

  2. Author contributions: Lijuan Ma and Hongwei Pu designed the experiments. Li Liu, Min Ji, Liping Su, Yaling Guan, and Jinling Xiao performed the experiments. Li Liu and Lijuan Ma analyzed the data, wrote the main manuscript text and prepared all figures and tables. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-06-14
Revised: 2023-08-15
Accepted: 2023-09-04
Published Online: 2023-09-30

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

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  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0743
Keywords for this article
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; ezrin; yes-associated protein; Hippo signaling pathway; connective tissue growth factor
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
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  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
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  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
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  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
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  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
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  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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