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Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine

  • Murad Abualhasan EMAIL logo , Nidal Jaradat EMAIL logo , Mohammed Hawash , Naser Shraim , Mohammad Asaad , Ahmed Mousa , Zain Mousa , Reem Tobeh and Balsam Mlitat
Published/Copyright: November 23, 2023
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Open Life Sciences
From the journal Open Life Sciences Volume 18 Issue 1

Abstract

Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a plant that has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. Turmeric has a long history of use in both food and traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments such as diarrhea, cancer, flatulence, and dyspepsia. In Palestine, this plant was cultivated for the first time. The objective of this study was to characterize the extract of C. longa and assess its antimutagenic activity against a variety of cancer cells. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were employed to identify the constituents of turmeric. The cytotoxic effects of C. longa were evaluated on cancer and normal cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. The results revealed the presence of 10 components in turmeric extract as identified by GC–MS. The major constituents comprising 78% of the total constituents were α-zingiberene (27.51%), tumeron (19.44%), β-sesquiphellandrene (19.40%), and aromatic-tumeron (11.63%). HPLC analysis successfully separated the main constituent, curcumin (1.78%), along with two other curcumin derivatives. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated potent anticancer activity of the C. longa extract against HeLa and LX2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 46.84 ± 2.12 and 29.77 ± 1 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the plant extract at a concentration of 250 µg/mL exhibited over 95% inhibition against all tested cancer cell lines. These findings highlight the promising potential of turmeric as a natural source with powerful anticancer activities. Moreover, the extract may possess other biological activities such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which could be explored in future studies.

Keywords: Curcuma longa ; curcumin; cytotoxicity; plant; chromatography; mass spectrometry

1 Introduction

The use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine has been vital for the treatment of ailments since ancient times [1]. The induction of cytotoxicity is one of the most important signs of anticancer medicines. People with cancer regularly utilize herbal therapies or herbal supplements, according to several surveys [2]. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant in the Zingiberaceae family, native to South Asia [3]. It is commonly cultivated as a spice and medicinal herb in tropical and subtropical regions around the world [4]. While turmeric is mostly grown as a commercial crop, it can also grow wildly in certain regions [5].

C. longa is a tropical herb and requires a warm and humid climate to grow. It thrives in well-draining soil and requires a lot of rainfall or irrigation to grow successfully [6].

Phytochemical components of C. longa in various tissues have been investigated extensively. Since its discovery, at least 235 phytochemicals, mostly terpenoids and phenolic molecules, have been identified from this herb, e.g., 22 diarylheptanoids and diarylheptanoids, 2 alkaloids, 4 sterols, 3 triterpenoids, more than 100 sesquiterpenes, 5 diterpenes, 68 monoterpenes, 8 phenylpropene and other phenolic molecules, and 14 other compounds [7].

Diarylheptanoids (curcuminoids) and essential oils (EOs) are the two major classes of bioactive constituents in C. longa rhizomes, with a wide range of in vivo and in vitro assay bioactivities [8]. Curcuminoids are predominantly found in C. longa rhizomes [9]. Monoterpenes predominate in EOs extracted from flowers and leaves, whereas sesquiterpenes predominate in EOs extracted from rhizomes and roots [10,11]. Although there are considerable differences in the composition of the EOs of C. longa rhizomes with varieties and geographic regions, the concentrations of curcuminoids in C. longa rhizomes fluctuate often with cultivation conditions, sources, locations, and varieties [12,13].

Moreover, the quantities of curcuminoids and EOs vary depending on the extraction technique used, and both are unstable throughout the extraction and storage phases. As a consequence, there is a wide range in quality among commercialized C. longa product offerings [14].

While curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin have been utilized as biomarkers for the quality control of extracts, powders, and C. longa rhizomes products, Ar-turmerone, α-turmerone, and β-turmerone are utilized for the quality control of C. longa oleoresin and EO products [7].

However, there are a number of modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and drinking alcohol intoxicatingly [15].

Therefore, the current investigation aims to identify the chemical components of C. longa rhizome extract cultivated in Palestine for the first time using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques and estimate their cytotoxic effect using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay.

2 Material and methods

2.1 Plant material

The C. longa plant rhizomes were harvested from Sarra Turmeric farm located in Nablus city, Palestine in November 2022. The characterization of the plant species was conducted in the Pharmacognosy Laboratory at An-Najah National University, and the plant sample was deposited in the same laboratory with a voucher specimen code of Pharm-PCT-2709.

The fresh rhizomes were cleaned well with running tap water for 30 min and rinsed with distilled water several times until they were finally cleaned well. The clean rhizomes were chopped into small pieces, and 235.34 g of the plant material was placed in a 1 L glass bottle and macerated for 5 days with 500 mL dichloromethane (DCM) solvent. Then, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was left in the fume hood for the evaporation process of DCM for 1 week. After that, the extract resulting from evaporation was transferred into a container by dissolving the extract with a small amount of hexane for ease of transportation and then left without a cover to evaporate for 2 days [16]. The C. longa plant rhizomes DCM extract yield was 4.46%.

2.2 GC–MS assessment

The GC–MS techniques were used to identify C. longa plant rhizomes DCM extract, which was examined by a Perkin Elmer Clarus 500 gas chromatograph with a Perkin Elmer Clarus 560 mass spectrometer. SLBTM-5ms fused-silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 µm) was utilized to perform the separation. The temperature of the oven, including the column, was set to rise by 4°C every minute, beginning at 50°C and ending at 280°C. Helium was used as a carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 1 mL/min during the whole chromatographic run. At a temperature of 250°C, 1 µL of the tested extract was dissolved in methanol and then injected in split mode with a split ratio of 1:50. The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s MS Data Center reference spectra were compared to the mass spectra of the chemical components, and their Kovats retention indices were compared to values given in the literature. The Kovats Retention Index for each compound was calculated using the retention time value from the Hydrocarbon Alkane Standard [17].

2.3 HPLC analysis

2.3.1 HPLC conditions

The HPLC technique was used to analyze the curcumin and curcuminoids in C. longa plant rhizomes DCM extract. The reverse phase chromatography analytical method was performed using Binary HPLC Pump Waters 1525 with a six-port manual injector and a Waters 2998 diode array detector by 425 nm (for curcuminoids) for chromatograms, and Breeze 2 software was utilized for instrument control, data collection, and data processing. The mobile phase was an isocratic combination of acetonitrile 50% and water 50% with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The injection volume for all samples and standard solutions was 20 µL. The column Symmetry Shield™ RP-18 5 µm 4.6 × 250 mm was used.

2.3.2 HPLC procedure

2.3.2.1 Sample preparation

About 87 mg of C. longa plant rhizome extract was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask. Then, add 6 mL of methanol and sonicate while stirring to dissolve the mixture, then complete the volume with methanol. The small portion was filtered through a 0.45 µm syringe filter and injected into the HPLC system.

2.3.2.2 Standard preparation

A stock solution (1000 mg/mL) was prepared by weighing an equivalent quantity of standard curcumin. The weighed substance was then placed into a 100 mL volumetric flask, followed by the addition of 60 mL of methanol. After sonication and thorough mixing, the solution was finally brought up to a total volume of 100 mL using methanol. Filter the portion through a 0.45 µm membrane. To prepare the standard (0, 50, 150, 200, 250, 300 µg/mL), add 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mL of stock standard to six volumetric flasks (100 mL). Add 60 mL methanol and sonicate and mix to dissolve the mixture, complete the volume, and then inject the standards.

2.4 Cytotoxicity method

RPMI 1640 medium was used as a culture medium to grow skin tumors (B16-F1), colorectal adenocarcinoma (COLO 205, Caco-2), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and human hepatic stellate (LX-2) with 1% l-glutamine, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, and 10% fetal bovine serum added. The cells were cultured in a humidified environment at 37°C with a 5% CO2 atmosphere, and a 96-well plate was then used to seed the cells at 5 × 103 cells/well. After 48 h cells were incubated with various concentrations (10, 50, 100, 500, and 700 µg/mL) of the tested aromatic oil and Doxorubicin for 24 h. According to the package recommendations, the Cell-Tilter 96® Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation (MTS) bioassay (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) was used to measure the cell viability. After the treatment, 20 μL of MTS solution per 100 μL of media was added to each well, and the plates were incubated for 2 h at 37°C. The absorbance was measured using a ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (490 nm) [18,19].

2.5 Statistical analysis

All the data of cytotoxicity activity were presented as the average of triplicate analyses. The outcomes were presented as means ± standard deviation (SD).

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Chemical composition of curcumin

A GC–MS combination was used to determine the chemical composition of the curcumin plant’s extracts on both a qualitative and quantitative level (Figure 1). The identities and amounts of the chemical components isolated from curcumin are presented in Table 1.

Figure 1 GC–MS of Palestina Turmeric rhizome extraction.
Figure 1

GC–MS of Palestina Turmeric rhizome extraction.

Table 1

Chemical composition of C. longa rhizome extract

Chemical constituent R.T (min) K.R.I L.R.I Area % content ± SD
Eucalyptol 14.21 1030.353 1,030 141,667 1.67 ± 0.65
Terpinolene 16.43 1082.588 1,082 40,270 0.47 ± 0.01
α-Curcumene 30.44 1473.054 1,473 627,661 7.40 ± 0.12
α-Zingiberene 30.88 1492.308 1,492 2,333,456 27.51 ± 1.77
β-Bisabolene 31.284 1500.143 1,500 248,510 2.93 ± 0.12
β-Sesquiphellandrene 31.76 1517.204 1,517 1,645,580 19.40 ± 0.14
Ar-tumeron 35.77 1660.932 1,660 986,113 11.63 ± 0.24
Tumeron 35.95 1667.384 1,668 1,648,908 19.44 ± 0.59
Germacron 36.67 1693.19 1,693 199,584 2.35 ± 0.06
Curlone 36.85 1699.642 1,699 610,901 7.20 ± 0.18
Sum 8,482,650 100.00

The total plant is comprised of ten compounds, and most of the characterized metabolites are terpenoids and oxygenated terpenoids. As can be seen from Table 1, α-zingiberene is the major component (27.51%), followed by tumeron (19.44%), β-sesquiphellandrene (19.40%), and aromatic tumeron (11.63%). Mau isolated EOs from the rhizomes. They isolated a total of 36 compounds but were only able to structurally characterize epicurzerenone and curzerene [20]. In a similar study by Rahman et al., screening of the chemical compositions of turmeric rhizomes was accomplished by introducing both the raw and methanol extracts to mass spectrometry in positive and negative modes. The mass spectra results of the analyzed raw turmeric rhizomes could identify 13 bioactive compounds including curcumin [21].

3.2 HPLC results

Overall, the HPLC analysis allowed for the identification and quantification of curcumin and its derivatives in the plant extract, providing valuable information about their relative proportions. The results from the HPLC chromatographic conditions demonstrated that well-separated peaks of curcumin and its derivative were obtained, as shown in Figure 2. The area under the curve of the HPLC-eluted peaks provided information about the relative amounts of curcumin and its derivatives in the plant extract.

Figure 2 The chromatogram of the tested extract of C. longa plant rhizomes.
Figure 2

The chromatogram of the tested extract of C. longa plant rhizomes.

According to the analysis, the curcumin present in the plant extract accounted for 1.87% of the total weight of the extracted oil. This implies that the remaining percentage represents other curcumin derivatives. It is likely that the HPLC analysis revealed additional peaks corresponding to these derivatives, indicating their presence in the extract.

The empirical formula and the percentages of the derivative in the examined extract by HPLC are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Analysis of DCM extraction of Palestina Curcuma longa L. root by HPLC

Curcumin derivatives name Empirical formula Percentage
Curcumin C21H20O6 79
Demethoxycurcumin C20H18O5 13.81
Bisdemethoxycurcumin C19H16O4 6.45

The chromatograms of the used HPLC method showed linearity. The areas of the standards were plotted against its concentration, and the generated calibration curve and the regression line was: y = 8,9686x – 249,180 with square correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.998) demonstrating high degree of linearity (Figure 3).

Figure 3 The calibration curve of a serial standard of curcumin.
Figure 3

The calibration curve of a serial standard of curcumin.

A similar study conducted by Opustilova et al. also performed an HPLC analysis of curcumin and reported three peaks. The main peak corresponds to curcumin itself, while the other minor peaks were observed near the major peak of demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. This suggests that curcumin derivatives, such as demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, were detected in their study as well [22,23,24].

The applied HPLC method showed a resolution of the eluted peak of curcumin and its derivatives. Moreover, the eluted peaks of the chromatograms were of high theoretical (>2,000) plates and acceptable symmetry. An example of the eluted peak of the curcumin standard is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 HPLC chromatogram of the curcumin reference standard.
Figure 4

HPLC chromatogram of the curcumin reference standard.

The calculated limit of detection and quantification of the applied method was 2.3 and 8.2 µg/mL, respectively.

The results of this study were comparable with other similar work done in the literature. Garg et al. studied the C. longa that was grown in the climatic conditions of the North Indian plains at Lucknow; they studied the extracted oil and tested it for its major terpene components including curcumin. The result of the study showed the sum of the seven major terpenes in the range of 58–79% [25]. Setzer et al., in their study of five different varieties of C. longa, which were cultivated in north Alabama, showed that curcumin constitutes around 6.8–32.5% of the total extracted oil [26].

3.3 Cytotoxicity

The C. longa L. root extract was tested against various cancer cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep 3B), skin tumors (B16-F1), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), colorectal adenocarcinoma (COLO 205, Caco-2), and human hepatic stellate (LX-2) cells. The results indicate variation in inhibition activity according to cancer cell line type. The results illustrate moderate to potent activity against HeLa and LX-2 cancer cells. The detailed IC50 results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

IC50 result of the Palestina Curcuma longa L. root on different cancer cell lines

Tests IC50 (µg/mL)
HeLa B16F1 Hep3B LX-2
Curcumin 30.25 ± 0.2 52.48 ± 3.55 46.84 ± 2.12 29.77 ± 1
Doxorubicin 5.24 ± 1.022 ≫0.05 0.434 ± 0.271 ≫0.05

The cytotoxicity results clearly demonstrated the potent inhibition activity of curcumin against HeLa cancer cells. Moreover, a higher concentration of the plant (0.5 mg/mL) caused more than 90% inhibitions of all the tested cancer cells (Figure 5). The plant extract showed a significant increase in inhibition on all cancer cell lines when the concentration was increased from 31.25 to 250 µg/mL. The results illustrated in Figure 6 demonstrate that no more than 10% of viable cancer cells in all the examined cell lines were observed at a concentration of 250 µg/mL.

Figure 5 Percentage inhibition of C. longa L. root extract (0–500 µg/mL) on four cancer cell lines.
Figure 5

Percentage inhibition of C. longa L. root extract (0–500 µg/mL) on four cancer cell lines.

Figure 6 Cell viability results of four cancer cell lines treated with two concentrations (31.25 and 250 µg/mL) of C. longa L. root extract.
Figure 6

Cell viability results of four cancer cell lines treated with two concentrations (31.25 and 250 µg/mL) of C. longa L. root extract.

Curcumin has shown promising potential as an anticancer remedy due to its various activities, which can act both in a chemopreventive manner and directly as a therapeutic agent. While some of these effects have been observed in animal models, curcumin has also demonstrated activity in numerous in vitro models [27,28]. Many studies have demonstrated that curcumin induces cell death in a wide range of animal and human cell lines, including those associated with leukemia, melanoma, and various carcinomas. Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of curcumin on cancer cells derived from different organs, including the breast, lung, colon, kidney, ovaries, and liver. Our data are consistent with previous studies that reported curcumin exerts its anticancer effects via proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in various cancer cell lines [29,30,31,32].

Plant chemical composition is affected by climate, temperature, rainfall, soil type, and sunlight. These factors can alter the synthesis and concentration of bioactive secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Turmeric rhizomes contain polyphenolic curcumin. A region’s climate and environment affect turmeric’s curcumin content. Turmeric grows best in warm regions, which increases curcumin concentration in the rhizomes. Turmeric needs enough rain. Stress from drought or abundant rains might lower curcumin levels. Soil pH and nutrient levels affect curcumin content. Turmeric plants need sunshine for photosynthesis and curcumin production. Cytotoxicity can vary with ambient curcumin levels. Turmeric with higher curcumin concentrations may have stronger cytotoxic effects in cancer research and treatment [33,34,35]. The favorable climate conditions in Palestine, with adequate sunlight and rainfall, can contribute to the growth of turmeric plants with a relatively high polyphenolic curcumin content. This explains the potent cytotoxicity results in this research work.

4 Conclusion

The current research is the first of its kind to explore the phytochemical and anticancer activities of this plant species found in Palestine. The current results revealed the presence of many phytochemicals in the extracts of C. longa. Moreover, the HPLC analysis showed separated peaks of curcumin and its derivatives. The plant extract showed potent anticancer activity against Hela and LX-2 cancer cells. The cytotoxicity test also showed that the extracts have cell inhibition activity of more than 90% for all the tested cancer cell lines at a higher concentration of 250. These findings indicate that C. longa collected from Palestine is a promising natural source of potent anticancer activity. In fact, it can be used in future pharmaceutical formulations and as a treatment strategy for cancer diseases.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Author contributions: Conceptualization: M.A. Methodology: M.A. and N.J. Software: M.H. Formal analysis: M.A.A., A.M., and M.A. Anticancer assay: M.A., Z.M., R.T., B.M., and A.M. HPLC assay: M.A., M.A.A., Z.M., B.M., and R.T. Resources: M.A. and N.J. Writing – original draft preparation: M.A. and N.J. Writing – review and editing: all authors, Supervision: M.A. and N.J. Project administration: M.A. and N.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-08-24
Revised: 2023-10-02
Accepted: 2023-10-10
Published Online: 2023-11-23

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
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  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
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  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
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  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
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  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
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  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
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  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
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  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
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  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
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  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
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  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
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  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
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  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
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  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
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  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
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  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
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  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
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  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
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  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
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  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
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  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
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  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
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  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
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  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
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  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
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  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
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  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
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  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0767
Keywords for this article
Curcuma longa; curcumin; cytotoxicity; plant; chromatography; mass spectrometry
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

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  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
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  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
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  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
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  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
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  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
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  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
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  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
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  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
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  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
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  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
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  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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