Startseite Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
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Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM

Ein Erratum zu diesem Artikel finden Sie hier: https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0300
  • Reema Tayyem ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Sara Zakarneh und Ghadir Fakhri Al-Jayyousi
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 31. Dezember 2023
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Aus der Zeitschrift Open Life Sciences Band 18 Heft 1

Abstract

Nutrition plays a critical role in managing diabetes, particularly in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to investigate the dietary patterns associated with glycemic control among Jordanian children and adolescents with T1DM. A total of 107 Jordanian children and adolescents with T1DM were enrolled (53 males and 54 females) in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using three valid and reliable questionnaires. The study revealed that only 25.7% of the participants had good glycemic control, while almost 51% had poor glycemic control. Overall, three dietary patterns were identified in this study: “High-Vegetables,” “Unhealthy,” and “High-Fruits.” The “High-Vegetables” dietary pattern showed a protective association in controlling glycated hemoglobin at the second and third tertiles (odds ratio, CI: 0.07 (0.005–0.826); 0.06 (0.005–0.741), respectively). The “High-Vegetables” dietary pattern showed a protective effect against poor glycemic control. Although the association between the “Unhealthy” and “High-Fruits” dietary patterns and poor glycemic control did not reach significance at the tertiles level, it is noteworthy that a significant P-trend of 0.018 and 0.012, respectively, was observed for both patterns. We encourage children and adolescents to incorporate an assortment of whole, unprocessed vegetables into their diet in appropriate amounts to help manage their glycemic control.

Graphical abstract

Keyword: dietary patterns; glycemic control; children; adolescents; T1DM

1 Introduction

Healthy dietary habits are not particularly common among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The diets reported by youth with T1DM often feature lower intake levels of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains than what dietary recommendations suggest. Conversely, they tend to have a higher intake of total fat and saturated fats, exceeding the recommended limits [1]. Food behaviors associated with age, such as transient food preferences, behavioral resistance, variable appetite, and food refusal, are common in this age group and are part of normal early childhood development [2].

Rather than focusing solely on individual food items, adopting food pattern approaches has revealed various dietary patterns associated with the risk of poor glycemic control [3]. Several dietary patterns that encompass combinations of different foods or food groups have proven beneficial for diabetes management [4]. These dietary patterns often include the Mediterranean diet (Med diet) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), both of which emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes while limiting red meats, refined grains, and sugar-sweetened beverages, thereby promoting diabetes prevention. The Med diet, for instance, is characterized by a moderate energy intake, low consumption of animal fat, high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, olive oil, and moderate consumption of fish, poultry, and red wine, combined with regular physical activity (25–30 min daily) [5]. Diets like the Med diet, which are based on whole grains, monounsaturated fats, and plant-based foods, and limit red and processed meats, have been shown to improve dyslipidemia, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases [6]. Numerous studies have also observed a positive association between healthy dietary intake and glycemic control.

Adherence to the DASH diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, low-fat dairy products, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts, while limiting saturated fat, red meat, sweets, sugar-containing beverages, and sodium, has been linked to a reduced risk of diabetes [7]. Preparing meals according to the guidelines of the Med Diet has been associated with maintaining normal daily glycemia and preventing future metabolic disorders [8]. Additionally, a high HbA1c level has been linked to a high intake of sugar-rich sweets [9], consistent with a study by Antoniotti et al. highlighting the importance of the source of carbohydrate intake and glycemic load (GL) in HbA1c levels [10]. The relationship between dietary patterns and glycemic control can be attributed to various mechanisms [11]. Factors such as nutrient composition, fiber content, antioxidants, and phytochemicals in whole foods play a role in promoting better glucose regulation [11]. Moreover, adopting a healthy dietary pattern is associated with weight management and improved insulin sensitivity, both crucial for maintaining optimal glycemic control.

According to the International Diabetes Federation (2013), the incidence of T1DM among children under 14 years old in Jordan was reported to be 3.2 per 100,000. Furthermore, a study by Alghtani et al. found an 18% increase in the prevalence of T1DM among Jordanian children between 2011 and 2016. This increase underscores a significant health concern in Jordan, highlighting the urgency of enhanced healthcare efforts [12]. The significance of this study lies in being the first in Jordan to assess the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among Jordanian children and adolescents aged 6–18 years living with T1DM.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Study design

A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among Jordanian children and adolescents diagnosed with T1DM.

2.2 Sample characteristics

A convenient sampling strategy was followed to recruit participants for our study. The inclusion criteria for the study required participants with the onset of diabetes to be at least 1 year and less than 10 years, participants to be Jordanians, between 6 and 18 years of age, be on insulin, and to provide verbal and formal consent through signed consent forms by the children’s caregivers. Exclusion criteria included individuals with other chronic diseases or autoimmune diseases including cancer, food allergies, celiac disease, who are unable to communicate verbally, use insulin pumps, and newly diagnosed with T1DM. Recruitment took place at King Hussein Medical Center, specifically Al-Hussein Hospital and Queen Rania Pediatric Hospital.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the King Hussein Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee. The IRB number for the study was 1/2019/2863.

2.3 Settings

Data collection for this study took place in a hospital setting, specifically at King Hussein Medical Center. The outpatient department of each hospital served as the location for data collection. Before conducting the study, the researcher obtained ethical approval from the institutional review board (IRB) of the hospital with IRB approval number 1/2019/2863. The approved proposal included the provision of a private room with suitable physical conditions for conducting interviews.

2.4 Data collection

During the initial meeting, the researcher explained the study’s objectives and requested participants to carefully read and sign the consent form. Parents were required to sign the consent form before data collection commenced. To ensure confidentiality, the researcher assigned each participant a unique ID and only the researcher had access to the participants’ personal information. All instruments and materials used in the study, such as questionnaires and test tubes, were labeled with the corresponding participant ID. All the used questionnaires were in Arabic.

2.4.1 Instrument

Data collection for this study involved the use of a three-part package to fulfill the study objectives. The package consisted of three structured questionnaires: a Personal Information Questionnaire, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) adapted from Tayyem et al. [13], and a Physical Activity Questionnaire adapted from Kowalski et al. [14]. The data collection method involved face-to-face interviews with the child’s caregiver, and the questionnaires were filled out by the researcher.

  1. The Personal Information Questionnaire gathered details about the parents, including age, education, marital status, occupation, family income, smoking status, and history of T1DM. Additionally, information about the child was collected, such as age, gender, school grade level, the onset of the disease, daily activities, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index [BMI]), and details about the type and doses of insulin used.

  2. Dietary assessment: Participants’ dietary data were collected using a validated Arabic FFQ, specifically designed for children and adolescents, consisting of 120 items [13]. The FFQ assessed the frequency of food consumption over the past year, with each question divided into two sections: a culturally appropriate food list and portion size information expressed in household measures or customary packing size. The food list was categorized into different sections based on food types. The frequency response options ranged from “never” to “≥6/day,” providing ten choices. To assist participants in estimating portion sizes for foods that could not be measured using standard units, food models were used. The dietary data obtained from the FFQ were analyzed using the Food Processor program (ESHA Food Processor SQL version 10.9.0.0), supplemented with additional data on locally consumed foods in Jordan. This analysis enabled the estimation of daily energy and nutrient intake. To account for foods that were not available in the Food Processor program, the study utilized food composition tables developed by Takruri et al. [15].

  3. Physical activity questionnaire: The Arabic Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) versions were used in this study. The questionnaires are 7-day recall questionnaires designed to assess general levels of physical activity in youth from grades 4–12 (approximately ages 8–20) [14]. This questionnaire offers a reliable and valid means of evaluating physical activity with low cost and ease of administration. However, it is important to note that they do not provide detailed information on caloric expenditure, specific frequency, time, and intensity, or differentiate between different activity intensities such as moderate and vigorous activities. Instead, they provide a summary activity score to assess overall physical activity levels.

2.5 Anthropometric measurements

Body weight and height measurements were conducted on children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents. BMI was calculated using the formula weight (kg)/height (m2), following the methodology described by Lee and Nieman [16]. The BMI values were categorized into different groups based on the BMI-for-age CDC growth charts. These categories include underweight (percentile <5), healthy weight (≥5 and <85), overweight (≥85 and <95), and obese (≥95) [16]. Body weight measurements were taken using the In-Body composition analyzer (In-Body 770 for adolescents and In-Body 570 for children), with participants wearing light clothes and no shoes. Standing height was measured using a stadiometer, with the shoulder in a relaxed position and the arms hanging freely, to the nearest 0.5 cm.

2.6 Biochemical tests

Lab technicians drew random blood samples from only 80 participants in the overall sample to assess their biochemical indices related to nutritional status. However, 60 parents of the participants did not give consent for blood sample collection. The blood samples were analyzed for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol using the enzymatic colorimetric method and Cobas (c111) enzymatic kits from Roche Diagnostics, USA. The results for HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were obtained from the participants’ medical records.

2.7 Statistical analysis

All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corporation). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the frequency of different variables. Chi-square was used to detect the statistical differences among categorical variables. A one-way ANOVA test was used to find the difference between continuous variables of the different age groups (children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents). Data were presented as mean ± SD. To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and HbA1c, we conducted a binary logistic regression analysis with suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8.5%) [17]. Principal component analysis on the entire population was conducted using a selected set of 61 selected food items to derive dietary patterns. Factors were retained based on a fixed number of factors to extract. Then, varimax rotation was applied to the factor-loading matrix to review the correlations between variables and factors. Foods with absolute rotated factor loadings >0.30 were considered a significant contributor to the pattern. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR), CI, linear regression, and p-value while controlling for age, gender, type of insulin, the occurrence of disease, BMI, and energy intake (kcal) [1]. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

3 Results

Table 1 displays the division of patients into two groups based on their glycemic control: good glycemic control (n = 36) comprising 21 males and 15 females, and poor glycemic control (n = 71) comprising 32 males and 39 females. The distribution of variables including gender, age group, age at occurrence of disease, and physical activity score did not exhibit significant differences between the good and poor glycemic control groups (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, BMI, BMI category, types of insulin, and insulin doses between the two groups. Among all the biochemical tests conducted, only TG levels showed a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.020).

Table 1

Descriptive, clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data according to glycemic control

Variable HbA1c ≤8.5 HbA1c >8.5 p-value
N = (36) N = (71)
Gender ( N ) (%)
Male 21 (58.3) 32 (45.1) 0.195
Female 15 (41.7) 39 (54.9)
Age group ( N ) (%)
Children 6 (16.7) 16 (22.5) 0.697
Pre-adolescents 19 (52.8) 32 (45.1)
Adolescents 11 (30.6) 23 (32.4)
Mean ± SD
Age (years) 11.9 ± 3.2 12.0 ± 3.4 0.672
Onset of diseases (years) 3.3 ± 2.3 4.0 ± 2.7 0.168
Physical activity level 2.1 ± 0.55 2.1 ± 0.50 0.285
Weight (kg) 42.7 ± 16.4 46.7 ± 19.2 0.488
Height (cm) 146.5 ± 17.8 144.6 ± 23.0 0.415
BMI (kg/m2) 19.3 ± 3.9 20.5 ± 4.1 0.533
BMI category ( N ) (%)
Underweight 4 (11.1) 2 (2.8) 0.095
Normal weight 21 (58.3) 43 (60.6)
Overweight 9 (25) 13 (18.3)
Obese 2 (5.6) 13 (18.3)
Types of insulin ( N ) (%)
Rapid-acting 2 (5.6) 5 (7) 0.070
Pre-mixed 16 (44.4) 45 (63.4)
Long-acting 2 (5.6) 0
Rapid + long 16 (44.4) 21 (29.6)
Doses of insulin (mean ± SD)
Morning 1.3 ± 4 0.8 ± 3.1 0.233
At breakfast 9.5 ± 5.9 13.2 ± 6.9 0.144
At lunch 10.8 ± 5.8 14.3 ± 7.3 0.113
At dinner 7.6 ± 5.5 9.9 ± 6.1 0.770
At bedtime 7.1 ± 10.5 5.3 ± 9.5 0.216
Total of insulin 36.3 ± 19.0 43.5 ± 21.0 0.493
Biochemical tests (mean ± SD)
HbA1c (n = 107) 7.6 ± 0.8 10.9 ± 1.9 <0.001
FBG (n = 107) 148.8 ± 66.2 174.3 ± 97.4 0.288
Cholesterol (n = 80) 166.2 ± 37.8 168.2 ± 33.7 0.444
LDL (n = 80) 95.3 ± 32.3 92.0 ± 30.6 0.627
HDL (n = 80) 55.8 ± 16.2 54.9 ± 15.4 0.996
TG (n = 80) 103.0 ± 46.5 131.6 ± 113.6 0.020

Values are mean ± SD or n (%), and significance is at p ≤ 0.05.

Underweight = BMI% <5; healthy weight ≥5 and <85; overweight ≥85 and <95; obese ≥95. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; FBG: fasting blood glucose; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides.

To identify dietary patterns, we calculated the factor-loading matrix scores, which illustrate the correlations between food groups and dietary patterns. The results are presented in Table 2. Through factor analysis, three dietary habits were identified and named based on the food groups with the highest positive loadings: “High-Vegetable,” “Unhealthy,” and “High-Fruits” patterns. The “High-Vegetable” pattern had the highest loading in cooked vegetables, mixed vegetable salad, fresh tomato, cucumber, garden rocket, peas, and onion. The “Unhealthy” pattern was characterized by high loadings of candy, biscuits, soft drinks, juices, and chocolates. The “High-Fruits” pattern was associated with dried fruit, pears, mango, grapefruits, and grapes. These dietary patterns explained a total variance of 37.6%, with 16.3% attributed to the “High-Vegetable” pattern, 12.2% to the “Unhealthy” pattern, and 9.1% to the “High-Fruits” pattern. A Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were used to assess suitability for using factor analysis for this exercise. Sampling adequacy and inter-correlation of factors were supported by a KMO value >0.673 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity <0.001, respectively. Factors were retained based on an eigenvalue of >1.25 for the screen plot.

Table 2

Factor loading matrix for the three major dietary patterns identified in a representative sample

Food group Dietary patterns
High-vegetables Unhealthy High-fruits
Vegetable salad 0.828
Tomato 0.760
Parsley 0.747
Labaneh 0.695
Yogurt 0.691
Cooked vegetables 0.680
Cucumber 0.661
Garden rocket 0.644
Minced meat 0.612 0.350
Cooked leafy vegetables 0.577 −0.312 0.404
Rice 0.550
Apple 0.542
Onion 0.539
Egg 0.537
White cheese 0.509
Chicken 0.508
Lettuce 0.494
Sweet pepper 0.478 0.391
Green beans 0.433 −0.310
Peas 0.432
Olive 0.430 0.340
Spared cheese 0.410
Buttermilk 0.384
Cauliflower 0.373
Carrot 0.345
Pickles 0.323
Candy 0.770
Chocolate 0.682
Melon 0.665 0.440
Biscuits filled with cream 0.652
Salty biscuits 0.595
Cake 0.584
Soft drinks 0.563
Hummus tahini 0.560
Biscuit 0.559 0.394
White bread 0.533
Ice cream 0.523
Strawberries 0.510
Falafel 0.505
Potato chips 0.483
Dessert 0.471
Popcorn 0.427
Ma’moul −0.339 0.385 0.310
Hotdog 0.360
Banana 0.354 0.334
Artificial <30% juice concentrate 0.354
Turkey 0.351
Pears 0.706
Dried fruits 0.700
Mango 0.697
Oat 0.638
Grapefruits 0.597
Grapes 0.584
Watermelon 0.523 0.570
Broccoli 0.303 0.566
Kaki 0.538
Macaroni salad 0.527
Pineapple 0.503
Bulger 0.494
Peach 0.481 0.473
Coleslaw 0.377
A variance of Intake Explained% 16.3% 12.2% 9.1%

The good glycemic control group was considered the reference group for dietary pattern analysis.

ORs and the corresponding 95% CI of the good and poor glycemic control groups by tertiles of factor scores and continuous factor scores for the three dietary patterns are shown in Table 3. Results refer to the composite model including all the dietary patterns simultaneously, together with the relevant confounding variables. A significant protective association of controlling HbA1c was detected with the “High-Vegetable” pattern at the second and third tertiles (OR, CI: 0.07 [0.005–0.826]; 0.06 [0.005–0.741], respectively). In contrast, no significant association was found in the “Unhealthy” pattern or “High-Fruits” in both tertiles (OR, CI: 1.31 [0.279–6.116] T2; 1.93 [0.125–6.84] T3; and 2.68 [0.551–13.049] T2, 2.42 [0.378–15.510] T3, respectively).

Table 3

Association between glycemic control and dietary patterns among the study samples

Dietary patterns T1 T2 OR (95% CI) T3 OR (95% CI) P-trend
High-vegetable 1 0.07 (0.005–0.826) 0.06 (0.005–0.741) 0.007
Unhealthy 1 1.31 (0.279–6.116) 1.93 (0.125–6.84) 0.018
High-fruits 1 2.68 (0.551–13.049) 2.42 (0.378–15.510) 0.012

OR and CI: odd ratio and confidence interval, and OR was adjusted for age, gender, type of insulin, the occurrence of disease, BMI, and energy (kcal). –The good glycemic group was considered the reference group for dietary pattern analysis.

4 Discussion

In this cross-sectional study involving children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents with T1DM (n = 107), we examined the dietary patterns associated with glycemic control. We identified three distinct dietary habits: the “High-Vegetable” pattern characterized by high consumption of cooked vegetables, mixed vegetable salad, fresh tomato, cucumber, Rocca, peas, and onion; the “Unhealthy” pattern characterized by high consumption of candy, biscuits, soft drinks, juices, and chocolates; and the “High-Fruit” pattern characterized by high consumption of dried fruits, pears, mango, grapefruits, and grapes, with minced meat consumption. Our findings revealed that the “High-Vegetable” pattern was significantly associated with better glycemic control in the second and third tertiles (OR, CI: 0.07 [0.005–0.826]; 0.06 [0.005–0.741]), respectively. Although studies specifically examining the association between high vegetable consumption and glycemic control in T1DM are limited, Albadri et al. and Øverby et al. found that adolescents with optimal glycemic control had a higher intake of vegetables and fruits compared to those with suboptimal control [18,19]. Additionally, Yen et al. demonstrated that increased raw vegetable intake led to improved glycemic control in adults with T2DM after a 12-week intervention [20]. Basu et al. conducted a study investigating the relationships between dietary food groups and HbA1c levels at baseline and after 6 years [21]. Their analysis, adjusted for factors like age, gender, BMI, total calorie intake, and diabetes status, revealed that no significant associations were found in the fruit and vegetable groups, except for two noteworthy findings. Dark green vegetables were inversely associated with baseline HbA1c levels, while tomatoes were inversely associated with HbA1c levels after 6 years [21]. On the contrary, a food group described as “baked desserts,” including items like commercial and homemade cookies, candies, cakes, and pies, showed a significant positive association with HbA1c levels at both time points [21]. It is worth noting, however, that certain prospective cohort studies have suggested that dietary fibers from vegetables may not significantly reduce the risk of diabetes, as documented by Weickert and Pfeiffer [22].

Another study conducted by Dominguez-Riscart et al. reported an improved HbA1c in the group with optimal adherence to the Med diet [23]. The traditional Med diet is characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits and nuts, legumes, and unprocessed cereals; low consumption of meat and meat products; and low consumption of dairy products. The authors attributed this improvement to the lower energy and calories in vegetables as well as higher fiber content [23]. Similarly, the Li et al. findings indicated that vegetable intake, but not fruit intake, had an inverse association with fasting plasma glucose levels in patients with diabetes and kidney transplants [24]. This relationship was dose-dependent, meaning that as vegetable intake increased, fasting plasma glucose decreased. Specifically, each 100 g increase in vegetable intake was associated with an 11.6% reduction in fasting plasma glucose [24]. Lodefalk and Åman found that patients with better glycemic control tended to focus on consuming more fruits and vegetables and consuming fewer simple sugars compared to those with poorer glycemic control [25].

In our study, we did not find a significant association between the “Unhealthy” and “High-Fruits” dietary patterns and glycemic control in both tertiles (OR, CI: 1.31 [0.279–6.116] T2; 1.93 [0.125–6.84] T3; and 2.68 [0.551–13.049] T2, 2.42 [0.378–15.510] T3, respectively). However, the P-trend showed a significant association between “Unhealthy” and “High-Fruits” dietary patterns and glycemic control. This finding aligns with another study, which highlighted that aside from the overall daily carbohydrate intake, the origin of carbohydrate consumption, and consequently, the GL, are correlated with HbA1c levels. Zakarneh et al. (2024) highlighted the connection between inadequate diabetic control and the consumption of unhealthy food items, particularly noting that a high HbA1c level was predominantly attributed to the consumption of sugary sweets [26]. Additionally, the authors demonstrated that the total daily carbohydrate intake, the source of carbohydrate intake, and hence, GL can all affect HbA1c levels [25]. Xu et al. reported a significant association between consuming higher total fat and higher HbA1c concentrations, while higher saturated fat, protein, and sucrose intakes were marginally associated with higher HbA1c concentrations [27]. Additionally, in contrast, a randomized controlled trial examined the impact of a fruit-rich diet compared to a low-fruit diet on liver steatosis, lipid profile, and glycemic control in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Following a 6-month intervention, the group on the fruit-rich diet exhibited a significant increase in dyslipidemia (p < 0.001), FBG (p < 0.001), and insulin resistance (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conversely, the control group demonstrated improvements in lipid profile (p < 0.05) and insulin resistance (p < 0.001) [28]. Additionally, Bazzano et al. found that increasing fruit consumption to three servings per day was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes (OR = 0.82 [CI: 0.72–0.94]), while a similar increase in fruit juice intake was linked to an increased risk of diabetes (OR = 1.18 [CI: 1.10–1.26]) [29].

5 Study limitations and strengths

The study has certain limitations due to the nature of the sample and the methodology employed. The reliance on participants’ ability to recall accurate information regarding food consumption and physical activity may introduce recall bias. Although the study results are aligned with the findings of many well-conducted studies, we cannot generalize the results to all the pediatrics in Jordan due to the small sample size. Additionally, some children may have been hesitant to report certain types of sweets consumed due to parental influence. Furthermore, the study did not account for the potential impact of cooking on nutrient bioavailability. However, the study also has notable strengths. The use of a validated and detailed FFQ allowed for comprehensive dietary data collection. The FFQ demonstrated excellent reproducibility and good relative validity for most food groups in Jordanian children and adolescents. Moreover, this study represents the first attempt to assess the dietary patterns and lifestyle factors specifically among children and adolescents with T1DM.

6 Conclusion

Interestingly, the study found a protective effect of the “High-Vegetables” dietary pattern against poor glycemic control, while no significant association between the “Unhealthy” and “High-Fruits” dietary patterns and glycemic control in the second and third tertiles has been detected. However, the values of the P-trend showed a likelihood of significant risk for having poor glycemic control in both “Unhealthy” and “High-Fruits” dietary patterns. The findings of the study revealed that participants with poor glycemic control showed higher levels of TG compared to those with good glycemic control. Based on our study results, we actively advocate and motivate children and adolescents to include a variety of whole, unprocessed vegetables in their diet, in suitable quantities, to aid in the management of their glycemic control. However, further research utilizing prospective studies is required to validate our findings.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Eng. Rana Al-Z'ubi from King Hussein Medical Center for her efforts in participant recruitment. Additionally, we extend our thanks to the children, adolescents, and their parents for agreeing to be part of this study.

  1. Funding information: This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at The University of Jordan.

  2. Author contributions: RT was responsible for the study conception, design, and development of the methodology. SZ was responsible for the acquisition of data. RT and SZ were responsible for the analysis and interpretation of data. RT, GA, and SZ were responsible for drafting the manuscript, critically revising the manuscript, and reading and approving the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-07-09
Revised: 2023-09-11
Accepted: 2023-09-25
Published Online: 2023-12-31

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0758
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
dietary patterns; glycemic control; children; adolescents; T1DM
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  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Heruntergeladen am 12.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0758/html?lang=de
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