Startseite Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
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Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report

  • Benzheng Zhao , Weixin Zhao , Yang Xia , Jian Liu , Yuan Wang , Tianjiao Song , Wenxi Tan EMAIL logo und Shuhua Zhao EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 1. September 2023

Abstract

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) rarely metastasizes to the ovary, and is difficult to diagnose given its overlapping clinical features and histological characteristics with primary ovarian cancer. Since therapies for SCLC and primary ovarian cancer differ, it is important to determine the original site of ovarian lesions. This report describes the differential diagnosis of metastatic from primary ovarian cancer. A 46-year-old Chinese woman with a history of SCLC, confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy in August 2018, presented with abdominal distension in December 2018. Ultrasound examination and whole abdomen computed tomography showed one mass in each ovary. A provisional diagnosis of ovarian tumor was given. A palliative total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed; and three postoperative courses of chemotherapies. The patient died from multiple organ failure in May 2019. Metastatic ovarian cancer from SCLC was determined based on characteristic histological and immunohistochemical staining.

1 Introduction

Small cell tumors originate in the neuroendocrine system and are commonly found in the lungs and are known as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC has a significant tendency to metastasize, usually occurring early in the disease [1]. Metastatic disease usually coincides with the first diagnosis of the primary tumor. Common metastatic sites of SCLC are brain, bone, and liver. Metastasis to other organs is relatively rare. SCLC metastasis to the ovary is diffuse, and only a very small number of such cases have been reported in our extensive literature search [2]. Uncommon metastases not only affect diagnosis of the disease, but also, importantly, often indicate a poor prognosis. The discussion of domestic and foreign scholars on ovarian SCLC mainly focuses on the pathological features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of two types (SCCOHT and SCCOPT) of primary small cell ovarian cancer (SCCO), but in any case, they will eventually receive similar treatment. It is worth noting that metastasis SCCO has a worse prognosis than SCCO, and metastasis SCCO is different from SCCOPT when chemotherapy or radiotherapy is given after surgery according to the nature of small cell lung tumor, so it is necessary to distinguish in diagnosis. However, the histological features of metastasis SCCO and SCCOPT are similar, so it is difficult to distinguish them in clinicopathology. In this study, immunohistochemical staining was applied to differentiate SCLC metastasis from primary ovarian tumor and accurately assess the disease and prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Following breakthroughs in immunotherapy and targeted therapy in recent years [3,4], we reviewed the case in the context of new therapeutic advances, publicizing treatment regimens, pathological types, and immunohistochemical data. We hope that by collating high-quality clinical and epidemiological data will give us a better understanding of the disease, encourage the combined use of antiangiogenic agents or other targeted agents in future disease treatment, lead to the development of effective immunotherapy or antibody coupling agents, and act as catalysts for improving overall patient outcomes.

The main histological types of ovarian malignancies include ovarian epithelial tumor, ovarian germ cell tumor, ovarian sex cord stromal tumor, and ovarian metastatic tumor (OMT). The most common type of OMT is Krukenberg tumor, which has a primary origin in the gastrointestinal tract. The principle of treatment for OMTs is to relieve and control symptoms. If the primary tumor has been removed and there are no other signs of metastasis and the metastatic tumor is confined to the pelvic cavity, complete hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy should be performed, and the pelvic metastasis should be removed as far as possible. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy should be given after surgery depending on the nature of the primary tumor. The vast majority of OMTs have poor therapeutic effect and poor prognosis, and most of them die within 2 years.

Ovarian SCLC includes both primary and metastatic tumors. There are two types of ovarian primary small cell lung cancer (SCCO): the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and the pulmonary type (SCCOPT). SCCOHT is more common than SCCOPT and occurs in young women with elevated serum calcium levels, which may be genetically related. However, SCCOPT often occurs in older women and is sensitive to chemotherapy [2]. Primary SCCO may be classified as either hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) or pulmonary type (SCCOPT). The true origins of either remain controversial. Jan et al. [5] proposed that primary SCLC originates in ovarian epithelium, while according to Ulbright et al., it originates from germ cells. The treatment methods of both are mainly surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and comprehensive treatment.

2 Case presentation

A 46-year-old Chinese woman, a non-smoker, was admitted to Second Hospital of Jilin University in December 2018, due to abdominal distension. She had a history of SCLC from August 2018, with computed tomography (CT) scanning showing a mass in the upper lobe in the right lung. Subsequently, SCLC was confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy.

The immunohistochemical staining showed the following: chromogranin A (CgA) (–), synaptophysin (+), neural cell adhesion molecule 56 (CD56) (+), Ki67 (60%), cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (focal positive), thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) (+), and leukocyte common antigen (+). Serum tumor markers revealed CA125, 44.90 U/mL (normal 0–35 U/mL); CA199, 10.74 U/mL (normal 0–37 U/mL); and neuron-specific enolase, 24.70 ng/mL (normal 0–15 ng/mL). Radio chemotherapy was implemented to control tumors.

In December 2018, the patient complained of abdominal distension without any inducement. Ultrasound examination showed bilateral heterogeneous ovarian masses, 118 mm × 85 mm on the left and 97 mm × 79 mm on the right. Color Doppler flow imaging showed blood flow signals in both lesions. A whole abdomen CT revealed a round uneven density mass at each side of the uterus, of sizes 83 mm × 88 mm × 111 mm and 95 mm × 94 mm × 128 mm, respectively. The border and the solid part of the two lesions were enhanced slightly during arterial phase. In addition, a sheet-like mass with soft tissue density was detected in front of the sacral promontory, in which a low-density area was visible. Radionuclide bone scintigraphy showed focal radionuclide concentration of the first sacrum (Figure 1). The serum CA125 was 400.30 U/mL (normal, 0–35 U/mL); CA199 and neuron-specific enolase were normal.

Figure 1 
               Whole abdomen CT (a–c) and radionuclide bone scintigraphy (d–f). (a) Plain abdominal CT scan. Arrows indicate two enlarged ovarian tumors with uneven density at two sides of the uterus. (b) Enhancement phase of full abdominal CT. The boundary and solid portion of the two ovarian tumors are enhanced in the arterial phase. (c) Bone window showed a discontinuous border and soft tissue density mass in front of the sacral promontory, indicating lesion invasion. (d–f) Radionuclide bone scintigraphy also showed focal radionuclide concentration of the first sacrum at transverse and median sagittal and coronal sections.
Figure 1

Whole abdomen CT (a–c) and radionuclide bone scintigraphy (d–f). (a) Plain abdominal CT scan. Arrows indicate two enlarged ovarian tumors with uneven density at two sides of the uterus. (b) Enhancement phase of full abdominal CT. The boundary and solid portion of the two ovarian tumors are enhanced in the arterial phase. (c) Bone window showed a discontinuous border and soft tissue density mass in front of the sacral promontory, indicating lesion invasion. (d–f) Radionuclide bone scintigraphy also showed focal radionuclide concentration of the first sacrum at transverse and median sagittal and coronal sections.

The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy. Each ovary had been replaced by an off-white solid tumor. The bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries remained unremarkable while the uterus was congested and swollen, with abnormal anatomy. A palliative surgery was finally performed to resect the tumors and relieve symptoms of intestinal compression. Considering the possibility that the pelvic masses derived from the SCLC, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed.

Histologically, ovarian tumor cells were arranged in sheets and nests, and spotted and focal necrosis were observed. Most of the tumor cells were small- or medium-sized with scant cytoplasm, and round or spindle-shaped hyperchromatic nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli (Figure 2). Immunohistochemical staining showed the following: CK (AE1/AE3) (focal positive), CgA (–), synaptophysin (weak +), CD56 (+), TTF-1 (+), Ki67 (60%), cytokeratin 20 (–), paired box-8 (PAX-8) (–), estrogen receptor (–), and progesterone receptor (–) (Figure 3).

Figure 2 
               Bilateral ovarian masses (a and b) and their microscopic appearance (c and d). Gross appearance of the ovarian tumors. (a) Left ovarian tumor showing a solid mass. (b) Right ovarian tumor showing a solid mass with apparent necrosis. (c and d) Tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (c) Tumor growth was in sheets and nests in which spotted and focal necrosis were observed (100×). (d) Tumor cells were mainly small, with scant cytoplasm; round to spindle-shaped hyperchromatic nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli (400×).
Figure 2

Bilateral ovarian masses (a and b) and their microscopic appearance (c and d). Gross appearance of the ovarian tumors. (a) Left ovarian tumor showing a solid mass. (b) Right ovarian tumor showing a solid mass with apparent necrosis. (c and d) Tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (c) Tumor growth was in sheets and nests in which spotted and focal necrosis were observed (100×). (d) Tumor cells were mainly small, with scant cytoplasm; round to spindle-shaped hyperchromatic nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli (400×).

Figure 3 
               Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue. All original magnifications, 400×. Top row, left to right: CK(AE1/AE3), with dot-like pattern (×400); CgA, tumor cells were negative for CgA; Syn, tumor cells were weakly positive for synaptophysin; CD56, tumor cells were positive for CD56; TTF-1, tumor cells were positive for TTF-1. Bottom row, left to right: Ki67, tumor cells were positive for Ki67 with a positive rate of 60%; CK20, tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin 20. PAX-8, tumor cells were negative for PAX-8; ER, tumor cells were negative for estrogen receptor; PR, tumor cells were negative for progesterone receptor.
Figure 3

Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue. All original magnifications, 400×. Top row, left to right: CK(AE1/AE3), with dot-like pattern (×400); CgA, tumor cells were negative for CgA; Syn, tumor cells were weakly positive for synaptophysin; CD56, tumor cells were positive for CD56; TTF-1, tumor cells were positive for TTF-1. Bottom row, left to right: Ki67, tumor cells were positive for Ki67 with a positive rate of 60%; CK20, tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin 20. PAX-8, tumor cells were negative for PAX-8; ER, tumor cells were negative for estrogen receptor; PR, tumor cells were negative for progesterone receptor.

The patient received local irradiation at a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions, combined with chemotherapy comprising bevacizumab and irinotecan, 1 month after the operation. During the treatment, a large amount of ascites occurred again, indicating that the current treatment did not effectively control the rapid progress of the tumor. Unfortunately, the patient died of systemic organ failure in May 2019.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: The research related to human use has been complied with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies and in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration, and has been approved by the Jilin University Experimental Bioethics Committee (Changchun, China).

3 Discussion

With the advent of the era of immunotherapy, in April 2022, Phase III CASPIAN study confirmed that on the basis of EP regimen, although combined with durvalumab could only extend the median overall survival of patients with extensive SCLC by 2.4 months, the 3-year survival rate could be significantly improved, showing a “long tail effect of immunotherapy.” It is suggested that patients with extensive SCLC still have the hope of long-term survival [4]. Antibody-coupled drugs (ADCs) have shown remarkable antitumor activity in breast cancer and other fields. In SCLC, ADCs such as anti-DLL3, anti-CD56, anti-TROP2, and anti-CD276 are being evaluated for clinical activity. Data from a Phase I clinical trial were presented at the 2021 ESMO meeting, which evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of anti-CD276 ADC (DS-7300) in multiple solid tumors and found that it had some clinical activity in SCLC patients [3]. In August 2020, Clinical Cancer Research released consensus recommendations for surveillance and treatment developed by the International SCCOHT Consortium. This article provides an overview of the genetic and clinical characteristics of SCCOHT, provides up-to-date information on new therapeutic targets, and makes recommendations for surveillance and treatment [6]. With the breakthrough of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in recent years, there are more and more potential therapeutic drugs and clinical trials for ovarian SCLC. However, the rare nature of ovarian SCLC poses a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we report a case of ovarian metastasis from SCLC. We hope to combine chemotherapy with targeted therapy or immunotherapy in the future. By accumulating more samples, the factors affecting prognosis can be obtained, and the diagnosis of primary tumor and metastatic tumor can be clarified, so that more detailed treatment plans can be formulated to improve the survival rate, prolong the survival time, and improve the prognosis.

Carcinoma of the ovary due to metastasis from a distant source is very rare, accounting for only 6–28% of all ovarian malignant carcinomas [7]. Of these, the stomach is the most common extra-genital origin (60–80%) [8]. SCLC metastasizing to ovary is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported. SCCOs can be primary or due to metastasis, and both have similar histologic features, making them difficult to differentiate and diagnose. In the present case, in order to direct the proper therapy it was important to distinguish whether the original site of carcinoma was ovary or lung.

Primary SCCO may be classified as either hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) or pulmonary type (SCCOPT). The true origins of either remain controversial. Young et al. [9] proposed that primary SCCO originates in ovarian epithelium, while according to Ulbright et al. [10], it originates from germ cells.

SCCOHT, first reported in 1982 [11], usually occurs in adolescents and young women with an average age of 22 [12]. The most characteristic clinical sign of SCCOHT is hypercalcemia. About two-thirds of patients with SCCOHT have elevated blood calcium, only 10% of which have clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia (i.e., weakness, difficulty concentrating, confusion, stupor, and coma) [9]. The blood-calcium levels of patients with SCCOHT always range from 2.43 to 4.80 mmol/L (average, 3.68 mmol/L) and the blood calcium concentration can subside after surgery [13].

Microscopically, the SCCOHT tumor cells are arranged in nests, islands, or cords; have scant cytoplasm; small, round, or ovoid nuclei of hyper chromatin; and few individual nucleoli can be observed. Eighty percent of tumors are characterized by follicle-like space with eosinophilic luminal content. Large eosinophilic cells with abundant cytoplasm and cavitation nucleus are visible in 50% of cases [14]. The immunohistochemical staining of SCCOHT tumor cells for the following are usually positive: P53, epithelial membrane antigen, CK (AE1/AE3), calretinin, Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), and CD10. Immunohistochemical staining outcomes for CgA, desmin, S-100, α-inhibin, and TTF1 are usually negative. Positive staining for synaptophysin and CD56 is occasionally encountered [9].

Recently it was found that mutations of the gene SMARCA4 (SWI/SNF [switch/sucrose non-fermentable] related, matrix associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4) may be an inducement of SCCOHT [15]. Berchuck et al. [16] suggested that mutations of SMARCA4 resulted in the loss of BRG1 protein, which led to SCCOHT oncogenesis. These mutations may be heredofamilial.

The concept of SCCOPT was first proposed in 1992 [17]. SCCOPT is even rarer than SCCOHT, and mostly occurs in peri- or postmenopausal women. It also has neuroendocrine characteristics, but without a high blood calcium concentration [18]. Histologically, the growth patterns of SCCOPT are predominantly diffuse, sometimes in nests, and with trabeculae, glandular, and rosette-like structures. The tumor cells often have round, ovoid, or slightly spindled hyperchromatic nuclei, with “salt and pepper” chromatin in molding [14]. The cytoplasm is scant. There is usually abundant mitotic activity and frequent apoptosis. The immunohistochemical staining is always positive for CD56, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. Some cases also show nuclear immunoreactivity of the TTF-1, but this result does not prove a metastasis from lung [14].

Chan et al. [19] found that only 1 of 37 primary lung tumors showed cytokeratin 20 immunoreactivity; yet punctate cytokeratin 20 positivity was characteristic of Merkel cell cancer and salivary gland small cell cancer. This suggested a means to differentiate extrapulmonary from pulmonary small cell cancer. Rund and Fischer [20] reported two cases of primary pulmonary-type small cell cancer with perinuclear dot-like cytokeratin 20 staining. Considering the previous research of Chan et al. [19], they thought that this staining pattern was essential to differentiate SCCOPT from SCCOHT, and primary SCLC metastasizing to ovary.

SCLC metastasizing to ovary has been rarely reported. Because of the difference in therapies and prognoses, it is important to distinguish metastatic from primary ovarian cancer. However, primary small cell ovarian carcinoma and SCCOPT share similar clinical features and histological characteristics. In the present case, several features led to the identification of SCCOPT, as follows. First, the patient had a history of SCLC that had been confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. This suggested the likely possibility that the ovarian lesions were of pulmonary origin. Second, prior to surgery the blood calcium concentration was normal, and the microscopic observation did not coincide with SCCOHT. This helped to exclude diagnosis of SCCOHT. Third, the results of the immunohistochemical staining of the bilateral ovarian lesions were almost identical to that of the transbronchial lung biopsy. This indicated an association between the ovarian tumor and the pulmonary tumor. Lastly, referring to the reports of Chan et al. [19] and Rund and Fischer [20], the negative cytokeratin 20 staining outcome suggested a pulmonary origin for the ovarian lesions. Therefore, this patient’s ovarian tumors were diagnosed as SCLC metastasizing to ovary. The immunohistochemical staining was important to the diagnosis, and the subsequent therapy given was appropriate for SCLC.

Etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) is the most commonly used initial combination chemotherapy for patients with primary SCLC only. However, there is no effective treatment for metastatic SCLC. In the present case, the patient had received the EP regimen previously and the tumor was not well controlled, since ovarian metastasis and suspected sacral metastasis had occurred. We attempted to control the rapid tumor progression using bevacizumab combined with irinotecan, but this also failed.

Oneda et al. [2] used carboplatin alone to treat the patient in their case with no signs of recurrence after 12 months of treatment, which means that their treatment achieved a better result. Moro et al. [21] used immunotherapy to treat their patient, who was still alive at the time of publication. However, these two case reports cannot fully prove the effectiveness of either carboplatin or immunotherapy alone for treatment of patients with SCLC metastasis to the ovary, as the individual patient’s condition and tumor progression too greatly influence the effect of treatment. More cases of SCLC metastasis to the ovary need to be discussed, and more effective treatment strategies require exploration.


# These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.


  1. Funding information: This study was supported by grants from the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission (grant no. 2014G073), the Jilin Province of Department Finance (grant no. 2019SCZT040), and the Jilin Province Science and Technology Department (grant no. 20200201589JC).

  2. Author contributions: Conception and design: Benzheng Zhao, Shuhua Zhao. Administrative support: Shuhua Zhao. Provision of study materials or patients: Benzheng Zhao, Weixin Zhao, and Wenxi Tan. Collection and assembly of data: Benzheng Zhao, Weixin Zhao, Wenxi Tan, and Yang Xia. Data analysis and interpretation: Weixin Zhao, Yang Xia, Jian Liu, Yuan Wang, and Tianjiao Song. Manuscript writing: All authors. Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2022-12-22
Revised: 2023-04-11
Accepted: 2023-07-18
Published Online: 2023-09-01

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
Heruntergeladen am 6.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0684/html?lang=de
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