Startseite Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
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Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve

  • Lu Tie , Zhao Lang , Li Deng und Zhao Junqiang EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 27. Mai 2023
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Open Life Sciences
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Life Sciences Band 18 Heft 1

Abstract

This research focuses on macrofungi in Baotianman Biosphere Reserve and their relationships with plant ecosystems. The findings demonstrate the reserve’s macrofungal resources. The study collected 832 specimens, among which 351 macrofungi species were identified, belonging to six classes, 19 orders, 54 familiae, and 124 genera, and one new species of Abortiporus was found. Among them, 11 familiae with a total of 231 species were dominated, accounting for 20.37% of the total number of familiae and 65.81% of the total number of species; 14 genera with a total of 147 species were dominated, accounting for about 11.38% the total number of genera and 41.88% of the total number of species. The richness of macrofungi at the species level was considerably different across the four vegetation types in the reserve, showing that the vegetation types had a bigger influence on macrofungi. In the evaluation of macrofungal resources, a total of 196 species of edible fungi, 121 species of medicinal fungi, 52 species of poisonous fungi, and 37 species of macrofungi with unclear economic value were counted. Abortiporus baotianmanensis is a new species of podoscyphaceae in the genus Abortiporus. The new species display the reserve’s richness. Next, the project seeks to generate and conserve macrofungal resources.

Graphical abstract

Keywords: Baotianman Biosphere Reserve; macrofungi; species diversity; Abortiporus

1 Introduction

Macrofungi are fungi that can form visible fruiting bodies, most of which belong to the Basidiomycota and a few to the Ascomycota. As a crucial coenotype in the fungi, macrofungi are vital in stabilizing the ecological balance, having a high application value. Biodiversity plays a decisive role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. As an essential part of the ecosystem, macrofungi not only play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance but also are becoming an indispensable part of human production and life [1,2,3]. According to research findings, there are a total of about 1.5 million species of fungi in the world, of which about 70,000 species have been described, including about 14,000 macrofungi species. There are 9,302 species recorded in China, including 1,789 edible fungi, 798 medicinal fungi, and 561 edible and medicinal fungi [4,5]. Macrofungi are closely related to human life. At present, edible fungi have played an increasingly important role in people’s lives; however, due to insufficient understanding, accidental ingestion of toxic fungi frequently occurs. Therefore, studying macrofungi diversity is an arduous and urgent task, and it is the most effective way to grasp the status of species diversity, including the threatened status and degree.

The Baotianman Biosphere Reserve is located at the southern foot of Funiu Mountain, north of Xiaguan Town, Neixiang County, Nanyang City, Henan Province, China. It is the transition zone from the warm temperate zone to the north subtropical zone and from the second step to the third step and a well-preserved comprehensive gene bank in central China. The geographical coordinates of the area are 33°20′∼33°36′N, 111°47′∼112°04′E, with the highest altitude of 1,830 m and an average altitude of 1,400 m. The average annual temperature is 15.1°C. The annual average evaporation is 991.6 mm, the annual average precipitation is 855.6 mm, and the annual average relative humidity is 68% [6]. It belongs to the north subtropical mixed evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest belt, with rich plant and animal species [7]. In 2009, Haiyou et al. carried out a preliminary investigation on the macrofungal resources in the Funiu Mountain area, and there were 166 species of macrofungi in 11 familiae [8]. Juan et al. investigated the Polyporaceaes in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve and identified 106 Polyporaceae in 50 genera [9]. In 2017, Du et al. and Lixian et al. investigated the diversity of macrofungi species in Funiu Mountain [10,11]. According to numerous studies, the majority of current research on the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve focuses on animals, plants, and microorganisms. For instance, Zuomin and Naiqun [12,13] studied the diversity of plant communities in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve, and Gao [14] studied the diversity of slime molds in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve. However, restricted by various factors, the species of fungi are still unclear in this area, and further investigation and analysis are needed. The habitat and utilization value of certain fungi also need to be further studied. There is an urgent need to supplement the data on species diversity and floristic distribution of macrofungi in this reserve, to provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization and protection of macrofungal resources.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Research materials

The macrofungi specimens for this experiment were collected in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve from July to October 2020 and May to October 2021. More than 800 macrofungi fruiting body specimens were used for the experiment and stored in the specimen library at Henan Urban Construction College.

2.2 Specimen identification

The specimens were collected with the sampling method and random inspection method. Based on the different occurrence times of macrofungi fruiting bodies and the seasonal changes in environmental factors such as temperature, air humidity, and lighting, the specimens were collected 1–2 times per month at the appropriate time from May to October. The macrofungi collected grew on various substrates, such as fallen trees, tree trunks, litter, and ground surfaces. The morphological characteristics of the mature fruiting bodies were observed and recorded in detail with wildlife photographs. The identification method was based on traditional taxonomy and molecular biology method. The quantitative features were incorporated from 2–5 fruiting bodies. The spore size was defined by the average data of 20 spores. Traditional taxonomy included morphological and microscopic identification, which featured a general identification practice conducted by examining materials such as monographs, references, and color illustrations while referring to field records and photos. Microscopic observation was carried out by immersing the materials in distilled water, 1% KOH solution, and 1% Congo red stain. Finally, molecular biology techniques were applied to identify specimens that did not apply to traditional taxonomy. First, DNA was extracted with the improved cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide method, and the ITS sequence was amplified by PCR. The obtained sequence results were analyzed and compared in Genbank by BLAST to check the homology between the researched fungi and the target species included in Genbank.

2.3 Quadrat setting

The Baotianman Biosphere Reserve is located at the north–south boundary of vegetation in China and is the transition zone from warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forests to subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests, with rich vegetation types. Under the influence of climate, the vegetation distribution changes obviously with altitude. Based on the research of Shi [15] on the vegetation community in the Baotianman area and combined with the selected sample plots, the vegetation in the Baotianman area can be roughly divided into broadleaf forests, coniferous forests, coniferous-broadleaf mixed forests, and shrubs. The study selects 10 quadrats with a size of 10 m × 10 m for each community and counts the species composition and quantity of species of macrofungi.

2.4 Diversity index analysis

For the fungal specimens collected in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve, a calculation was performed to define the dominant familiae and genera. The α diversity index was selected to analyze the diversity of macrofungi collected in different communities and to explore the influence of different vegetation types on the distribution of macrofungi.

Based on the obtained dictionary of macrofungi in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve, floristic composition analysis was carried out to analyze the statistics of familiae, genera, and species. Based on the number of species and descending order, the familiae with more than ten species were identified as the dominant one, whereas the genus with more than five species was identified as the dominant one in descending order.

The diversity of the floristic community was obtained from the study by Keping and Liu [16]. Simpson’s diversity index D, Shannon–Weaver’s index H, Menhinick’s abundance index R, and Pielou’s evenness index E were used as follows:

(1) D = 1 − ∑ P i 2 ,

(2) H = − ∑ P i ln P i ,

(3) R = S / N ,

(4) E = H / ln S ,

where P i means the proportion of the number of individuals of the ith species to the total number of individuals of all species in the vegetation area; S means the total number of species in the vegetation area; N means the total number of individuals in the vegetation area, i = 1, 2, 3,… S.

2.5 Resource evaluation method

The species diversity dictionary of the identified specimens was analyzed and filed according to the 10th edition of the Dictionary of The Fungi and the Fungi Indexed Database. The edible fungi, medicinal fungi, and toxic fungi were specifically classified with the methods of Zhou and Yang [17], and Dai and Yang [18] and Bau et al. [19].

3 Results and analysis

The Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve is rich in macrofungi. After the process, 351 species of macrofungi were identified in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve (Tables 1 and 2), belonging to six classes, 19 orders, 54 familiae, and 124 genera, including two classes, 12 orders, 45 familiae, and 115 genera, of Basidiomycota and four classes, seven orders, nine familiae and nine genera of Ascomycota, and one new species of Abortiporus.

Table 1

Statistical table of macrofungi in Baotianman National Nature Reserve

Division Classis Order Familia Genus Species
Ascomycota 4 7 9 9 13
Basidiomycota 2 12 45 115 338
Total 6 19 54 124 351
Table 2

Number of families, genera, and species of macrofungi in Baotianman Mountain National Nature Reserve

Familia No. of genera No. of species Family No. of genera No. of species
Leotiaceae 1 1 Mycenaceae 3 4
Sclerotiniaceae 1 1 Pleurotaceae 2 8
Phacidiaceae 1 1 Lycoperdaceae 3 16
Helvellaceae 1 2 Amanitaceae 1 23
Morohellaceae 1 2 Sclerodermataceae 2 4
Pyronemataceae 1 1 Boletaceae 6 19
Hypoxylaceae 1 1 Gomphidiaceae 1 1
Cordycipitaceae 1 3 Paxillaceae 1 2
Geoglossaceae 1 1 Suillaceae 2 4
Tremellaceae 1 4 Gyroporaceae 1 1
Hymenochaetaceae 3 10 Hydnaceae 2 4
Bankeraceae 1 1 Geastraceae 1 2
Thelephoraceae 1 1 Bondarzewiaceae 1 1
Auriculariaceae 2 4 Steccherinaceae 1 1
Tricholomataceae 11 25 Meruliaceae 4 4
Agaricaceae 3 16 Panaceae 1 2
Psathyrellaceae 2 9 Polyporaceae 15 40
Cortinariaceae 3 8 Incrustoporiaceae 1 2
Lyophyllaceae 1 1 Phanerochaetaceae 2 3
Inocybaceae 2 6 Entolomataceae 2 4
Hygrophoraceae 1 4 Auriscalpiaceae 1 1
Pluteaceae 5 16 Russulaceae 2 41
Strophariaceae 4 11 Stereaceae 1 2
Clavariaceae 5 14 Phallaceae 6 9
Schizophyllaceae 1 1 Dacrymycetaceae 1 2
Bolbitiaceae 1 1 Incertae sedis 5 5

Note: Bold font indicates the dominant familiae.

3.1 Statistics and analysis of dominant familiae and genera

Based on the analysis of the sorted familiae, genera, and species, there are 11 familiae with more than (or equal to) 10 species (Table 3), accounting for 20.37% of the total number of familiae, and a total of 231 species, accounting for 65.81% of the total species. The family with the most species is Russulaceae with 41 species, accounting for 11.68% of the total species, followed by Polyporaceae with 40 species, accounting for 11.40% of the total species. However, the previous studies also reported the isolation of 106 species from the Polyporaceae Baotianman Biosphere Reserve in 2009 and 124 species in 2015 [9,20]. Similarly, the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve has also reported the isolation of Russulaceae [21]. The rest are Tricholomataceae with 25 species, Amanitaceae with 23 species, Boletaceae with 19 species, Pluteaceae, Lycoperdaceae, and Agaricaceae with 16 species, Clavariaceae with 14 species, Strophariaceae with 11 species and Hymenochaetaceae with 10 species, accounting for 7.12, 6.55, 5.41, 4.56, 4.56, 4.56, 3.99, 3.13, and 2.85% of the total species, respectively. There are 40 familiae with less than 10 species, accounting for about 79.63% of the total familiae, and a total of 16 species, accounting for about 32.48% of the total species, belonging to the affiliation in this flora.

Table 3

The survey of advantage families (≥10 species) of Macrofungi in Baotianman National Nature Reserve

Familia No. of species Ratio of species number to the total (%)
Russulaceae 41 11.68
Polyporaceae 40 11.40
Tricholomataceae 25 7.12
Amanitaceae 23 6.55
Boletaceae 19 5.41
Pluteaceae 16 4.56
Lycoperdaceae 16 4.56
Agaricaceae 16 4.56
Clavariaceae 14 3.99
Strophariaceae 11 3.13
Hymenochaetaceae 10 2.85
Total 231 65.81

Based on the statistics, there are 123 genera and 351 species of macrofungi in Baotianman Biosphere Reserve, including 14 genera with more than five species (or equal to five species [Table 4]), and a total of 147 species, accounting for 11.38% of the total genera and 41.88% of the total number of species in the reserve. Among them, Russula has the most species, which are 29 in total, accounting for 8.26% of the total species, followed by Amanita with 23 species, accounting for 6.55% of the total species. The rest are Agaricus with 13 species, Lactarius with 12 species and Lycoperdon with 11 species, accounting for 3.70, 3.42, and 3.13% of the total species, respectively; Boletus and Trametes with eight species, Phellinus and Marasmius with seven species, Coprinopsis, Lepiota, Ramaria and Pleurotus with six species, and Coriolus with five species, accounting for 2.28, 1.99, 1.70, and 1.42% of the total species, respectively. There are 109 genera with less than five species, accounting for 88.62% of the total genera and a total of 204 species, accounting for 58.12% of the total species.

Table 4

The survey of advantage genera (≥5 species) of Macrofungi in Baotianman National Nature Reserve

Genus No. of species Ratio of species number to the total (%)
Russula 29 8.26
Amanita 23 6.55
Agaricus 13 3.70
Lactarius 12 3.42
Lycoperdon 11 3.13
Boletus 8 2.28
Trametes 8 2.28
Phellinus 7 1.99
Marasmius 7 1.99
Coprinopsis 6 1.70
Lepiota 6 1.70
Ramaria 6 1.70
Pleurotus 6 1.70
Coriolus 5 1.42
Total 147 41.88

3.2 Diversity analysis of macrofungi in different types of vegetation

The distribution of macrofungi in four different types of vegetation was obtained by the statistics, and the data analysis was carried out for Simpson’s diversity index D, Shannon–Weaver’s index H, Menhinick’s richness index R and Pielou’s evenness index E in different vegetation communities in Baotianman Biosphere Reserve (Table 5).

Table 5

The macrofungi diversity index in different vegetation types in the Baotianman National Nature Reserve

Vegetation community types Species N Diversity index Richness index R Evenness index
D H
Type Ⅰ 404 289 0.9958 5.7749 14.3783 1.0191
Type Ⅱ 158 119 0.9902 3.7050 9.4671 0.7752
Type Ⅲ 231 172 0.9931 5.0890 11.3168 0.9886
Type Ⅳ 39 36 0.9691 3.5435 5.7646 0.9888

The results show that, for the four different types of vegetation in Baotianman Biosphere Reserve, the macrofungal species richness R was Community I > Community III > Community II > Community IV, with large differences. This indicates that the composition of the vegetation has a significant impact on the distribution of macrofungi.

Community I has the highest species richness of 14.3783, and 289 species were identified in the 404 specimens collected. Among others, Russula, Agaricus, Marasmius, Lactarius, and Boletus, which are dominant, total of 32 species, accounting for 31.83% of the total species of this community. Community I is located in the reserve’s core area, where plant structure is mainly dominated by Quercus aliena, and many macrofungi are symbiotic with Quercus and understory shrubs. A previous investigation also reported Quercus aliena from the same area in April [22]. Another report also suggested the existence of Quercus species in the area in recent years [23], indicating that the community structure was stable and naturally regenerated well [24]. This area has high canopy density, high relative humidity, strong water storage capacity, thick dead branches and leaves, and many fallen rot trees in the forest. More humus can form under such circumstances, providing a favorable growth environment for macrofungi.

The following is Community III, with a richness index of 11.3168, and 172 species were identified in the 231 specimens collected, including 66 species of Amaita, Phellinus, Coriolus, and Trametes, accounting for 38.37% of the total species in this community. The vegetation in the community is dominated by Quercus aliena and Pinus armandii. A previous investigation demonstrated the domination of Pinus armandii species in the same area [25]. The community structure was a mixed coniferous and broad-leaf forest, with understory overgrown weeds. There are certain difficulties in the collection process, and omissions are inevitable. Therefore, this area has a low richness index. The species richness of Community II was 9.4671, and 119 species were identified in the 158 specimens collected. Among others, Amaita, Coprinus, Pleurotus, and Ramaria are dominant, a total of 44 species, accounting for 36.97% of the total species in this community. The community is dominated by Pnus armandii and supplemented by some Fagaceae plants. Due to the high altitude and low canopy density of the coniferous forest, even under high relative humidity, the low temperature at high altitude limits the growth of macrofungi, so the richness index is low.

At the same time, although the richness index of Community I is greater than that of Communities II and III, the proportion of dominant genera in Communities II and III is larger than that in Community I. In this case, it is found that Amanita is dominated in coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests. Based on the data, most Amanita can form ectomycorrhizal fungi with Acicularidae or Fagaceae. Their growth conditions are harsh, and there is no artificial cultivation [26]. It shows that there are more diverse tree species in the reserve, with rich ecological diversity.

The minimum species richness of Community IV is 5.7646, and 36 species were identified in the 39 specimens collected. Among others, Agaricus is dominant, with a total of five species, accounting for 13.89% of the total species in this community. Community IV is mainly dominated by Cornaceae and Oleaceae, including Cornus kousa, Forsythia suspensa, and other plants, which compete fiercely with macrofungi; therefore, both the occurrence probability of macrofungi and the species richness index decreased.

The diversity indexes D and H are Community I > Community III > Community II > Community IV. With the two measurement methods, the variation trend is consistent (Figure 1), and the understory vegetation types of Community I and Community III are rich, with fast natural regeneration, which is conducive to the occurrence of macrofungi. Located at a higher altitude, Community II has high relative humidity and low temperature, which is not conducive to the occurrence of macrofungi. The main vegetation of Community IV is dominated by Cornaceae, with a single vegetation type, slow natural regeneration, low canopy density, and long lighting time, limiting the growth of macrofungi.

Figure 1 The macrofungi diversity index and species evenness index in different vegetation type.
Figure 1

The macrofungi diversity index and species evenness index in different vegetation type.

Judging from the evenness index E, the evenness indexes of Communities I, III, and IV have no significant difference; while Community III is a mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest, with complex vegetation types and dense understory vegetation, so sampling might be missed and the evenness index is lower than that of Community I. Community IV is dominated by shrubs, which compete fiercely with the growth of macrofungi, resulting in fewer types and numbers of macrofungi, so the evenness is high. The minimum evenness index of Community II is 0.7752. Because Community II is a coniferous forest with a large number of Amanita, the evenness index of this community is the lowest. It is speculated that there may be tree species symbiotic with amanita in Community II, or the environment may be conducive to the growth of Amanita.

3.3 Evaluation of macrofungal resources

Baotianman Biosphere Reserve is rich in macrofungal resources. The evaluation of macrofungal resources in the reserve was carried out to evaluate the resource value and to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of macrofungi. This article referred to the classification method for the macrofungi in Wuling Mountain developed by Yang et al. [27] From the perspective of economic value, the wild macrofungi with economic attributes in this reserve were sorted and classified into four categories as follows: edible fungi, medicinal fungi, poisonous fungi, and fungi with unknown application value. Among them, there are 196 species of edible fungi, accounting for 55.84% of the total; 121 species of medicinal fungi, accounting for 34.47% of the total; 52 species of poisonous fungi, accounting for 14.81% of the total, and 37 species of macrofungi with unknown application value. According to the statistics, there is a large proportion of macrofungi with economic value, indicating that the reserve has great development and utilization value.

3.4 Edible fungi

Among the identified 351 species of Baotianman macrofungi, 196 species are classified as edible, among which 17 species can be cultivated, including Agaricus arvensis sensu Cooke, Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc., Agaricus campestris sensu Cooke, Lyophyllum cinerescens (Bull.) Konrad, Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer, Pholiota aurivella (Batsch) P. Kumm., Pholiota adiposa (Batsch) P. Kumm., Agrocybepraecox (Pers.) Fayod, Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With., Schizophyllum commune Fr., Pleurotus cornucopiae (Paulet) Quél., Pleurotus ostreatus sensu Cooke, Pleurotus pulmonarius sensu auct., Pleurotus sapidus Quél., Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer, Hohenbuehelia serotina (Pers.) Singer, and Dictyophora indusiata sensu auct. brit.

3.5 Medicinal fungi

One hundred and twenty-one medicinal fungi are found, among which 11 species can be cultivated as Morchella crassipes (Vent.) Pers., Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr., Tremella fuciformis Berk., Tremella lutescens Pers., Auricularia auricula (L.) Underw., Agaricus arvensis sensu Cooke, Agaricus campestris sensu Cooke, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden, and Dictyophora indusiata sensu auct. brit.

3.6 Poisonous fungi

According to the statistics, there are a total of 52 species of poisonous fungi in the Bantianman Biosphere Reserve, and the poisoning types of poisonous fungi are mainly Gastroenteritis, Psychoneurological disorder, Hepatic damage type, Hemolytic type, Multi-organ damage type, Respiratory and circulatory failure type, etc. Among them, the Amanita has a large number of species, with 14 species, accounting for 29.17% of the total poisonous fungi. The possible reason lies in that the reserve has a certain number of fagaceae and acicular vegetation that forms the ectomycorrhizal fungi with most amanita, indicating that the reserve has an excellent ecological environment and development and utilization value.

3.7 Identification of new species of Abortiporus

During the macrofungi survey in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve, a species of polyporaceae was collected, and the species could not be determined by morphological comparison. After the tissue isolation was made in the laboratory, the strains were obtained, and their DNA was extracted. After the molecular identification and comparison, it was found that by searching with BLAST on the NCBI website, the support rate was lower than 97.5%, and the morphology and habitat were quite different from those of Abortiporus biennis. It might be a new species of Abortiporus. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed for further verification [28]. As shown in Figure 2, the new species of Abortiporus baotianmanensis (M41AA30) was clustered into a single branch, which confirmed the above conclusion.

A phylogenetic tree was constructed, the information of the target macrofungi and related genera and species was queried in the fungal index database, and the information of species with high similarity was found on the BlAST in the NCBI website. All sequences were summarized in a.txt file which was changed to a.fasta file. The changed file was opened with MEGA 6.0, all sequences were aligned, and the bases that were not aligned at both ends were cut manually and saved as a.meg file. It was reopened with MEGA 6.0, and a phylogenetic tree was built for analysis with the Neighbor-joining method ([NJ] for selected sequences (Table 6 and Figure 3).

Table 6

Sequence table for phylogenetic analysis of Abortiporus baotianmanensis (new species)

No. Species Specimen No. Genbank No. ITS Origin
1 — M41AA30 — Henan China
2 Abortiporus biennis LC149599 Japan
3 Abortiporus sp. OK643788 Fujian China
4 Abortiporus biennis KJ094473 Guangdong China
5 Polyporaceae sp. MW554209 Beijing China
6 Podoscypha brasiliensis JQ675312 Germany
7 Podoscypha brasiliensis MG356474 Guangxi China
8 Podoscypha gillesii MG356710 Guangxi China
9 Cymatoderma dendriticum OL771705 Australia
10 Podoscypha cristata JQ675320 Germany
11 Podoscypha elegans MH856927 Netherlands
12 Trametes versicolor EU771081 Heilongjiang China
13 Podoscypha petalodes DQ917655 USA
14 Podoscypha multizonata MH861809 Netherlands

The morphology of Abortiporus baotianmanensis was preliminarily described as follows (Figure 2): The fruiting bodies are annuals, polyporaceae-like, medium to large; imbricate-like overlapping, without or with short stipe when growing from the side of the base, rosette-like overlapping with short stipe when growing from the top of the base. The cap is fan-shaped, extending up to 15 cm in length, 24 cm in width, and 11 mm in thickness, white, cream, to light orange-brown in the young period, and can secrete yellow-brown to ruby-red droplets, with thick, blunt, and wavy edges; wine reddish-brown in the ripe period, fading to white, cream-colored margins, with distinct concentric bands, and thin and sharp wavy to valved margins. The context has a mushroom odor, tasteless and heterogeneous; the upper layer is cream-colored to light orange-brown, not discolored after damage, spongy; the lower layer is a light wood color, not discolored after damage, suberous. The fruiting layer is irregular, polygonal tubular, labyrinth-like to pleated, obvious in the young period, up to 4 mm in length, gradually becomes smooth in the ripe period, white to creamy, and turns dark reddish-brown when being touched. The basidiospores are broadly oval and smooth, with a size of 4.5–6.0 × 3.0–4.5 μm.

Figure 2 Morphological characteristics and spore morphology of Abortiporus baotianmanensis. Note: (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) are macromorphic habitat images of Abortiporus baotianmanensis in different growth periods; (g) and (h) are the basidiospore characteristics of Abortiporus baotianmanensis residue under an electron microscope.
Figure 2

Morphological characteristics and spore morphology of Abortiporus baotianmanensis. Note: (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) are macromorphic habitat images of Abortiporus baotianmanensis in different growth periods; (g) and (h) are the basidiospore characteristics of Abortiporus baotianmanensis residue under an electron microscope.

Figure 3 Phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences.
Figure 3

Phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences.

Since the newly identified species (Abortiporus baotianmanensis) of podoscyphaceae belongs to the genus Abortiporus, which has great potential for therapeutic use, it offers very helpful insights for the future. For instance, Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer belongs to the phylum Basidiomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Aphyllophorales, Polyporaceae, and Abortiporus. It is born in broad-leaved trees such as oak, maple, and apple, or on the ground buried with decayed wood. It is a kind of white rot fungus, but also a kind of medicinal fungus, that has the effect of tumor inhibition [29]. It is a worldwide species [30,31,32,33,34]. Because of its rich enzyme system, it has been reported to be used in the study of solid-state fermented straw [35]. There have also been in-depth studies on the changes in cell structure and chemical substances under heavy metal stress [36,37,38]. Environmental microbial experiments were also conducted, such as paraquat dichloride and C14 lignocellulose [39,40,41,42]. Because of these uses, Abortiporus baotianmanensis can be studied more thoroughly for its potential therapeutic properties.

4 Conclusion

The Baotianman Biosphere Reserve offers macrofungi abundant resources. Its unique ecological habitat is ideal for scientific research. However, the Reserve lacks systematic macrofungal research. Hence, this study examined macrofungi’s floristic composition, species diversity, and interaction with plant communities. As a result, 832 specimens were collected using sampling and random inspection techniques, 351 species of macrofungi were identified, and a new species of suspected macrofungi was discovered. The species-level diversity index analysis of macrofungi among the four vegetation types in the reserve showed significant differences in macrofungal diversity between communities, suggesting that vegetation types have a greater influence on macrofungi. A total of 196 edible fungi, 121 medicinal fungi, 52 poisonous fungi, and 37 macrofungi with unclear economic value were assessed for macrofungal resources. Due to the high concentration of economically useful macrofungi, the reserve has great potential for growth and use. Based on traditional taxonomy, molecular assistance, and phylogenetic analysis, the new macrofungi species Abortiporus baotianmanensis was found to be an unreported podoscyphaceae in the genus Abortiporus. This article addresses a knowledge gap in the research on macrofungi found in the Baotianman Biosphere Reserve. The identification of a newly discovered species demonstrates the reserve’s abundant biodiversity. More fungi resources will be found, and a tentative macrofungi conservation system in the Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve will provide a theoretical basis for future growth and application.

# The authors make equal contributions to the study.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Baotianman Forest Ecosystem Research Station.

  1. Funding information: This study was supported by the Open Project of the National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology of Henan University (No. 20220014).

  2. Author contributions: L.T. and Z.J. designed the experiment. Z.L. and L.D. conducted the analysis. L.T. and Z.L. prepared the manuscript with the contribution of all co-authors. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. The authors applied the SDC approach for the sequence of authors.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-02-16
Revised: 2023-03-25
Accepted: 2023-04-12
Published Online: 2023-05-27

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0614
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Baotianman Biosphere Reserve; macrofungi; species diversity; Abortiporus
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Systemic investigation of inetetamab in combination with small molecules to treat HER2-overexpressing breast and gastric cancers
  3. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: An updated network meta-analysis
  4. Identifying two pathogenic variants in a patient with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy
  5. Effects of phytoestrogens combined with cold stress on sperm parameters and testicular proteomics in rats
  6. A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
  7. Neutrophilia with subclinical Cushing’s disease: A case report and literature review
  8. Isoimperatorin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis by downregulating ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways
  9. Immunoregulation of synovial macrophages for the treatment of osteoarthritis
  10. Novel CPLANE1 c.8948dupT (p.P2984Tfs*7) variant in a child patient with Joubert syndrome
  11. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the risk of thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
  12. Immunological responses of septic rats to combination therapy with thymosin α1 and vitamin C
  13. High glucose and high lipid induced mitochondrial dysfunction in JEG-3 cells through oxidative stress
  14. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth
  15. Levocarnitine regulates the growth of angiotensin II-induced myocardial fibrosis cells via TIMP-1
  16. Age-related changes in peripheral T-cell subpopulations in elderly individuals: An observational study
  17. Single-cell transcription analysis reveals the tumor origin and heterogeneity of human bilateral renal clear cell carcinoma
  18. Identification of iron metabolism-related genes as diagnostic signatures in sepsis by blood transcriptomic analysis
  19. Long noncoding RNA ACART knockdown decreases 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation
  20. Surgery, adjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PGMM): A case report
  21. Dosimetry comparison with helical tomotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for grade II gliomas: A single‑institution case series
  22. Soy isoflavone reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury via increasing aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in rats
  23. Refractory hypokalemia with sexual dysplasia and infertility caused by 17α-hydroxylase deficiency and triple X syndrome: A case report
  24. Meta-analysis of cancer risk among end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance dialysis
  25. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibition arrests growth and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer via AMPK activation and oxidative stress
  26. Experimental study on the optimization of ANM33 release in foam cells
  27. Primary retroperitoneal angiosarcoma: A case report
  28. Metabolomic analysis-identified 2-hydroxybutyric acid might be a key metabolite of severe preeclampsia
  29. Malignant pleural effusion diagnosis and therapy
  30. Effect of spaceflight on the phenotype and proteome of Escherichia coli
  31. Comparison of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy for patients with brain metastases: A systemic review and meta-analysis
  32. Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation
  33. Association between the VEGFR-2 -604T/C polymorphism (rs2071559) and type 2 diabetic retinopathy
  34. The role of IL-31 and IL-34 in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic periodontitis
  35. Triple-negative mouse breast cancer initiating cells show high expression of beta1 integrin and increased malignant features
  36. mNGS facilitates the accurate diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of suspicious critical CNS infection in real practice: A retrospective study
  37. The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC
  38. Radiotherapy for primary thyroid adenoid cystic carcinoma
  39. Design and functional preliminary investigation of recombinant antigen EgG1Y162–EgG1Y162 against Echinococcus granulosus
  40. Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
  41. Bibliometric analysis of METTL3: Current perspectives, highlights, and trending topics
  42. Performance comparison of three scaling algorithms in NMR-based metabolomics analysis
  43. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer
  44. The altered expression of cytoskeletal and synaptic remodeling proteins during epilepsy
  45. Effects of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocytes and white blood cells of patients with malignant tumor
  46. Prostatitis as initial manifestation of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing: A case report
  47. NUDT21 relieves sevoflurane-induced neurological damage in rats by down-regulating LIMK2
  48. Association of interleukin-10 rs1800896, rs1800872, and interleukin-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with squamous cell carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis
  49. Exosomal HBV-DNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of chronic hepatitis B
  50. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions
  51. Interaction between the PI3K/AKT pathway and mitochondrial autophagy in macrophages and the leukocyte count in rats with LPS-induced pulmonary infection
  52. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves’ disease in children
  53. Cloning, subcellular localization and expression of phosphate transporter gene HvPT6 of hulless barley
  54. Coptisine mitigates diabetic nephropathy via repressing the NRLP3 inflammasome
  55. Significant elevated CXCL14 and decreased IL-39 levels in patients with tuberculosis
  56. Whole-exome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis of fetal bowel dilatation
  57. Gemella morbillorum infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review
  58. An unusual ectopic thymoma clonal evolution analysis: A case report
  59. Severe cumulative skin toxicity during toripalimab combined with vemurafenib following toripalimab alone
  60. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS
  61. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing
  62. The influence and mechanistic action of sperm DNA fragmentation index on the outcomes of assisted reproduction technology
  63. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in TELO2 in an infant with You-Hoover-Fong syndrome: A case report and literature review
  64. ctDNA as a prognostic biomarker in resectable CLM: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  65. Diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  66. Phylogenetic analysis of promoter regions of human Dolichol kinase (DOLK) and orthologous genes using bioinformatics tools
  67. Collagen changes in rabbit conjunctiva after conjunctival crosslinking
  68. Effects of NM23 transfection of human gastric carcinoma cells in mice
  69. Oral nifedipine and phytosterol, intravenous nicardipine, and oral nifedipine only: Three-arm, retrospective, cohort study for management of severe preeclampsia
  70. Case report of hepatic retiform hemangioendothelioma: A rare tumor treated with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation
  71. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling
  72. Rare presentation of double-clonal Waldenström macroglobulinemia with pulmonary embolism: A case report
  73. Giant duplication of the transverse colon in an adult: A case report and literature review
  74. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the breast: A case report
  75. SDR16C5 promotes proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
  76. Vaginal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
  77. Screening of the best time window for MSC transplantation to treat acute myocardial infarction with SDF-1α antibody-loaded targeted ultrasonic microbubbles: An in vivo study in miniswine
  78. Inhibition of TAZ impairs the migration ability of melanoma cells
  79. Molecular complexity analysis of the diagnosis of Gitelman syndrome in China
  80. Effects of maternal calcium and protein intake on the development and bone metabolism of offspring mice
  81. Identification of winter wheat pests and diseases based on improved convolutional neural network
  82. Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
  83. Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2
  84. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
  85. Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
  86. Integrated analysis of the microbiome and transcriptome in stomach adenocarcinoma
  87. Berberine suppressed sarcopenia insulin resistance through SIRT1-mediated mitophagy
  88. DUSP2 inhibits the progression of lupus nephritis in mice by regulating the STAT3 pathway
  89. Lung abscess by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus spp. co-infection by mNGS: A case series
  90. Genetic alterations of KRAS and TP53 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with poor prognosis
  91. Granulomatous polyangiitis involving the fourth ventricle: Report of a rare case and a literature review
  92. Studying infant mortality: A demographic analysis based on data mining models
  93. Metaplastic breast carcinoma with osseous differentiation: A report of a rare case and literature review
  94. Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells
  95. Inhibition of pyroptosis and apoptosis by capsaicin protects against LPS-induced acute kidney injury through TRPV1/UCP2 axis in vitro
  96. TAK-242, a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, against brain injury by alleviates autophagy and inflammation in rats
  97. Primary mediastinum Ewing’s sarcoma with pleural effusion: A case report and literature review
  98. Association of ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and intestinal microbiota in Chinese Han adolescents
  99. Tanshinone IIA alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis
  100. Study on the cytokines related to SARS-Cov-2 in testicular cells and the interaction network between cells based on scRNA-seq data
  101. Effect of periostin on bone metabolic and autophagy factors during tooth eruption in mice
  102. HP1 induces ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through NRF2 pathway in diabetic nephropathy
  103. Intravaginal estrogen management in postmenopausal patients with vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions along with CO2 laser ablation: A retrospective study
  104. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell differentiation trajectory predicts immunotherapy, potential therapeutic drugs, and prognosis of patients
  105. Effects of physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  106. Identification of lysosome-related genes in connection with prognosis and immune cell infiltration for drug candidates in head and neck cancer
  107. Development of an instrument-free and low-cost ELISA dot-blot test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
  108. Research progress on gas signal molecular therapy for Parkinson’s disease
  109. Adiponectin inhibits TGF-β1-induced skin fibroblast proliferation and phenotype transformation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway
  110. The G protein-coupled receptor-related gene signatures for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  111. α-Fetoprotein contributes to the malignant biological properties of AFP-producing gastric cancer
  112. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in placenta tissues of patients with placenta previa
  113. Association between thyroid stimulating hormone levels and papillary thyroid cancer risk: A meta-analysis
  114. Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
  115. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression
  116. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging
  117. TRIM29 knockdown prevented the colon cancer progression through decreasing the ubiquitination levels of KRT5
  118. Cross-talk between gut microbiota and liver steatosis: Complications and therapeutic target
  119. Metastasis from small cell lung cancer to ovary: A case report
  120. The early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-related acute kidney injury
  121. The effect of NK cell therapy on sepsis secondary to lung cancer: A case report
  122. Erianin alleviates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation
  123. Loss of ACOX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinical features
  124. Signalling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
  125. Crosstalk between lactic acid and immune regulation and its value in the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
  126. Clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of gastric pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma
  127. Traumatic brain injury and rTMS-ERPs: Case report and literature review
  128. Extracellular fibrin promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression through integrin β1/PTEN/AKT signaling
  129. Knockdown of DLK4 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer tumor growth by downregulating CKS2
  130. The co-expression pattern of VEGFR-2 with indicators related to proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of anagen hair follicles
  131. Inflammation-related signaling pathways in tendinopathy
  132. CD4+ T cell count in HIV/TB co-infection and co-occurrence with HL: Case report and literature review
  133. Clinical analysis of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: Case series study
  134. Bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers for the pulmonary artery hypertension associated with the basement membrane
  135. Influence of MTHFR polymorphism, alone or in combination with smoking and alcohol consumption, on cancer susceptibility
  136. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don counteracts the ampicillin resistance in multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by downregulation of PBP2a synthesis
  137. Combination of a bronchogenic cyst in the thoracic spinal canal with chronic myelocytic leukemia
  138. Bacterial lipoprotein plays an important role in the macrophage autophagy and apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus
  139. TCL1A+ B cells predict prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data
  140. Ezrin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the Hippo signaling pathway
  141. Ferroptosis: A potential target of macrophages in plaque vulnerability
  142. Predicting pediatric Crohn's disease based on six mRNA-constructed risk signature using comprehensive bioinformatic approaches
  143. Applications of genetic code expansion and photosensitive UAAs in studying membrane proteins
  144. HK2 contributes to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by enhancing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
  145. IL-17 in osteoarthritis: A narrative review
  146. Circadian cycle and neuroinflammation
  147. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Hemorrhagic meningioma with pulmonary metastasis: Case report and literature review
  149. SPOP regulates the expression profiles and alternative splicing events in human hepatocytes
  150. Knockdown of SETD5 inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in gastric cancer cells by down-regulating Akt signaling pathway
  151. PTX3 promotes IVIG resistance-induced endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease by regulating the NF-κB pathway
  152. Pancreatic ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and analysis of literature
  153. The prognostic impact of body mass index on female breast cancer patients in underdeveloped regions of northern China differs by menopause status and tumor molecular subtype
  154. Report on a case of liver-originating malignant melanoma of unknown primary
  155. Case report: Herbal treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis after chemotherapy for breast cancer
  156. The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
  157. Characterization of amiodarone action on currents in hERG-T618 gain-of-function mutations
  158. A case report of diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis with NGS
  159. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on new bone formation and viability of a Marburg bone graft
  160. Small breast epithelial mucin as a useful prognostic marker for breast cancer patients
  161. Continuous non-adherent culture promotes transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into retinal lineage
  162. Nrf3 alleviates oxidative stress and promotes the survival of colon cancer cells by activating AKT/BCL-2 signal pathway
  163. Favorable response to surufatinib in a patient with necrolytic migratory erythema: A case report
  164. Case report of atypical undernutrition of hypoproteinemia type
  165. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer
  166. Sarcoma protein kinase inhibition alleviates liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cells ferroptosis
  167. Research progress of serum eosinophil in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  168. Clinicopathological characteristics of co-existing or mixed colorectal cancer and neuroendocrine tumor: Report of five cases
  169. Role of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  170. Precisional detection of lymph node metastasis using tFCM in colorectal cancer
  171. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome
  172. A study of forensic genetics: ITO index distribution and kinship judgment between two individuals
  173. Acute lupus pneumonitis resembling miliary tuberculosis: A case-based review
  174. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm
  175. Fractalkine modulates pulmonary angiogenesis and tube formation by modulating CX3CR1 and growth factors in PVECs
  176. Novel risk prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after thoracotomy and thoracoscopic lung cancer resections, involving coagulation and immune function
  177. Exploring the diagnostic markers of essential tremor: A study based on machine learning algorithms
  178. Evaluation of effects of small-incision approach treatment on proximal tibia fracture by deep learning algorithm-based magnetic resonance imaging
  179. An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
  180. Medical imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: A review on deep learning approach
  181. Predictive analytics in smart healthcare for child mortality prediction using a machine learning approach
  182. Utility of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in predicting acute-on-chronic liver failure survival
  183. A biomedical decision support system for meta-analysis of bilateral upper-limb training in stroke patients with hemiplegia
  184. TNF-α and IL-8 levels are positively correlated with hypobaric hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats
  185. Stochastic gradient descent optimisation for convolutional neural network for medical image segmentation
  186. Comparison of the prognostic value of four different critical illness scores in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy
  187. Application and teaching of computer molecular simulation embedded technology and artificial intelligence in drug research and development
  188. Hepatobiliary surgery based on intelligent image segmentation technology
  189. Value of brain injury-related indicators based on neural network in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
  190. Analysis of early diagnosis methods for asymmetric dementia in brain MR images based on genetic medical technology
  191. Early diagnosis for the onset of peri-implantitis based on artificial neural network
  192. Clinical significance of the detection of serum IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
  193. Forecast of pain degree of lumbar disc herniation based on back propagation neural network
  194. SPA-UNet: A liver tumor segmentation network based on fused multi-scale features
  195. Systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer observed by medical image
  196. Rehabilitation effect of intelligent rehabilitation training system on hemiplegic limb spasms after stroke
  197. A novel approach for minimising anti-aliasing effects in EEG data acquisition
  198. ErbB4 promotes M2 activation of macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  199. Clinical role of CYP1B1 gene polymorphism in prediction of postoperative chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC based on individualized health model
  200. Lung nodule segmentation via semi-residual multi-resolution neural networks
  201. Evaluation of brain nerve function in ICU patients with Delirium by deep learning algorithm-based resting state MRI
  202. A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis
  203. Markov model combined with MR diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the onset of Alzheimer’s disease
  204. Effectiveness of the treatment of depression associated with cancer and neuroimaging changes in depression-related brain regions in patients treated with the mediator-deuterium acupuncture method
  205. Molecular mechanism of colorectal cancer and screening of molecular markers based on bioinformatics analysis
  206. Monitoring and evaluation of anesthesia depth status data based on neuroscience
  207. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches
  208. Optimised feature selection-driven convolutional neural network using gray level co-occurrence matrix for detection of cervical cancer
  209. Incidence of different pressure patterns of spinal cerebellar ataxia and analysis of imaging and genetic diagnosis
  210. Pathogenic bacteria and treatment resistance in older cardiovascular disease patients with lung infection and risk prediction model
  211. Adoption value of support vector machine algorithm-based computed tomography imaging in the diagnosis of secondary pulmonary fungal infections in patients with malignant hematological disorders
  212. From slides to insights: Harnessing deep learning for prognostic survival prediction in human colorectal cancer histology
  213. Ecology and Environmental Science
  214. Monitoring of hourly carbon dioxide concentration under different land use types in arid ecosystem
  215. Comparing the differences of prokaryotic microbial community between pit walls and bottom from Chinese liquor revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
  216. Effects of cadmium stress on fruits germination and growth of two herbage species
  217. Bamboo charcoal affects soil properties and bacterial community in tea plantations
  218. Optimization of biogas potential using kinetic models, response surface methodology, and instrumental evidence for biodegradation of tannery fleshings during anaerobic digestion
  219. Understory vegetation diversity patterns of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus elliottii communities in Central and Southern China
  220. Studies on macrofungi diversity and discovery of new species of Abortiporus from Baotianman World Biosphere Reserve
  221. Food Science
  222. Effect of berrycactus fruit (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) on glutamate, glutamine, and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of rats fed with a high-fat diet
  223. Guesstimate of thymoquinone diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes and elite varieties collected from Indian states using HPTLC technique
  224. Analysis of bacterial community structure of Fuzhuan tea with different processing techniques
  225. Untargeted metabolomics reveals sour jujube kernel benefiting the nutritional value and flavor of Morchella esculenta
  226. Mycobiota in Slovak wine grapes: A case study from the small Carpathians wine region
  227. Elemental analysis of Fadogia ancylantha leaves used as a nutraceutical in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe
  228. Microbiological transglutaminase: Biotechnological application in the food industry
  229. Influence of solvent-free extraction of fish oil from catfish (Clarias magur) heads using a Taguchi orthogonal array design: A qualitative and quantitative approach
  230. Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine
  231. The potential for the use of leghemoglobin and plant ferritin as sources of iron
  232. Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM
  233. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  234. Biocompatibility and osteointegration capability of β-TCP manufactured by stereolithography 3D printing: In vitro study
  235. Clinical characteristics and the prognosis of diabetic foot in Tibet: A single center, retrospective study
  236. Agriculture
  237. Biofertilizer and NPSB fertilizer application effects on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Sodo Zuria, Southern Ethiopia
  238. On correlation between canopy vegetation and growth indexes of maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies
  239. Exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas tolaasii inhibit the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia
  240. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut
  241. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis
  242. Effects of plant density on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in western Heilongjiang areas
  243. Identification of rice leaf diseases and deficiency disorders using a novel DeepBatch technique
  244. Artificial intelligence and internet of things oriented sustainable precision farming: Towards modern agriculture
  245. Animal Sciences
  246. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice
  247. Combined analysis of mRNA–miRNA from testis tissue in Tibetan sheep with different FecB genotypes
  248. Isolation, identification, and drug resistance of a partially isolated bacterium from the gill of Siniperca chuatsi
  249. Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
  250. The sequencing of the key genes and end products in the TLR4 signaling pathway from the kidney of Rana dybowskii exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila
  251. Development of a new candidate vaccine against piglet diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli
  252. Plant Sciences
  253. Crown and diameter structure of pure Pinus massoniana Lamb. forest in Hunan province, China
  254. Genetic evaluation and germplasm identification analysis on ITS2, trnL-F, and psbA-trnH of alfalfa varieties germplasm resources
  255. Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology for Gentiana rhodantha
  256. Effects of cadmium on the synthesis of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza
  257. Cloning and expression analysis of VrNAC13 gene in mung bean
  258. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes
  259. Effects of warming and drought on growth and development of soybean in Hailun region
  260. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
  261. Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins
  262. Distinguish Dianthus species or varieties based on chloroplast genomes
  263. Comparative transcriptomes reveal molecular mechanisms of apple blossoms of different tolerance genotypes to chilling injury
  264. Study on fresh processing key technology and quality influence of Cut Ophiopogonis Radix based on multi-index evaluation
  265. An advanced approach for fig leaf disease detection and classification: Leveraging image processing and enhanced support vector machine methodology
  266. Erratum
  267. Erratum to “Protein Z modulates the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells”
  268. Erratum to “BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells”
  269. Retraction
  270. Retraction to “Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats”
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Heruntergeladen am 12.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0614/html?lang=de
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