Home Cu and Al2O3-based hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous cavity
Article Open Access

Cu and Al2O3-based hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous cavity

  • Ebrahem A. Algehyne , Zehba Raizah , Taza Gul , Anwar Saeed , Sayed M. Eldin EMAIL logo and Ahmed M. Galal
Published/Copyright: March 25, 2023
Download Article (PDF)
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Nanotechnology Reviews
From the journal Nanotechnology Reviews Volume 12 Issue 1

Abstract

In this study, the (Cu and Al2O3/water) hybrid nanofluid flow is carried out in a porous cavity. The thermophysical structures of solid materials are used from the available literature to improve the thermal performance of the base fluid. The mathematical model as a porous cavity is mainly used in the distillation process and is vital for the storage of thermal energy. The magnetic field is also employed perpendicular to the flow field and the impact of the magnetic parameter examined versus fluid motion. Similarity variables are used to transform governing equations as simplified partial differential equations. The model is solved using the control volume-based finite element method. Boussinesq–Darcy force is employed for the motion of the fluid flow, and the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to assess the characteristics of the hybrid nanofluids. The roles of the Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, porosity factor in the porous medium, and drag fin improve traditional fluids’ thermal distribution presentation. Recent results predict that the two different kinds of nanoparticles speed up the heat transfer through the porous cavity. The percentage analysis shows that the hybrid nanofluids (Cu and Al2O3/water) are prominent in improving traditional fluids’ thermal distribution. Finally, the grid sensitivity test is also carried out for hybrid nanoparticles to demonstrate that the results are asymptotically coherent.

Keywords: Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles; hybrid nanofluid; porous medium; non-equilibrium model; control volume method; finite element method

Nomenclature

List of symbols

u , v

components of velocity ( m s − 1 )

( c p ) s

specific heat ( J kg − 1 K − 1 )

B 0

strength of magnetic field ( Nm A − 1 )

Ha

Hartmann number

T

temperature of fluid ( K )

T l , T u

lower, upper wall temperature ( K )

Ra

Rayleigh number

Da

Darcy parameter

Nu

Nusselt number

C f

skin friction

Greek symbols

μ hnf

dynamic viscosity ( mPa )

ψ

stream function

μ f

dynamic viscosity of the base fluid ( mPa )

ρ hnf

hybrid nanofluid density ( kg m − 3 )

ρ f

base fluid density ( kg m − 3 )

σ nf

electrical conductivity

ϕ

nanoparticle volume fraction

Subscripts

f

base fluid

hnf

hybrid nanofluids

1 Introduction

This research aims to investigate the improvement of heat transfer via a hybrid nanofluid. The hybrid is the combination of two different nanoparticles with different chemical and thermophysical properties and distributed stably in the same base liquid.

The nanoparticles under consideration have several cooling applications in a variety of industrial processes. Based on those applications, the current analysis is performed to examine the effect of two different nanoparticles on the fluid flow through a porous cavity. A hybrid nanofluid is the combination of base fluid (water) and two different types of nanoparticles.

Nanofluids are potential heat transfer fluids containing suspensions of nanoparticles that significantly improve their thermophysical properties [1,2]. The area of nanofluids (NFs) has acquired great courtesy since the idea of dissolving nanoparticles in a fluid was introduced in the late 20th century [3,4]. When compared to conventional colloids, nanofluids have significant advantages over conventional solid–liquid suspensions including advanced explicit surface area, more prominent for the heat transfer surface among fluid and particles, the higher immovability of the colloidal suspension precise by Brownian motion of the particles, and reduced particle clogging [5,6,7]. Due to such advantages, nanofluids can be incorporated into a myriad of potential applications including heat exchangers [8,9], pharmaceutical processes [10], nuclear reactors [11,12], engine cooling [13,14], electronics [15,16], and food and cosmetics [17,18].

The scientific vision of nanomaterials is more suitable for various industrial and engineering devices to enhance their thermal performance. Most researchers used new and advanced techniques to evaluate the analysis of flows across these new strategies [19]. Shafiq et al. [20,21,22] used statistical analysis to predict the flow of nanofluids across the expansion surface for temperature distribution. They also carried out sensitivity and stability analyses on the proposed nanofluids using the artificial neural network. The performances of the individual model parameters are analyzed and deliberated.

Nanomaterials are also used in electronic devices, including DC-powered in combination with electro-osmosis in the micro-pump as mentioned by Alsharif et al. [23]. Hybrid nanofluids are used as a drug supplement using the coronary artery model as described by Kot and Elmaboud [24]. El-Masry et al. [25] investigated the idea of inserting the magnetic field into the flow phenomena of the hybrid nanofluid using the micropump to study heat transfer.

The cooling and heating strategy is necessary for many appliances such as heaters. Some porous structures also control long-term cooling and heating in industries, matching the demand for thermal devices.

The saturation of the nanofluid stream on the stretching and permeable surface can be seen in the work of Al-Srayyih et al. [26], Agarwal [27], and Yadav and Wang [28]. They used various types of nanofluid flows in model varieties to investigate thermal analysis.

The researchers focused on the hybrid nanofluid which is more advanced in the augmentation of heat transmission for different industrial instruments and heat exchangers. The U, V, circular, square, and elliptic porous cavities are mostly used to consider heat transport analysis using nanofluids. Chandra et al. [29] analyzed heat transfer across nanofluids taking into account the porous cavity. Chandra Sekhar et al. [30] investigated thermal expansion with the help of the square cavity filled with nanofluids. Alluguvelli et al. [31] examined the flow of the Fe3O4 nanofluid through a porous cavity and analyzed the thermal distribution. Ali et al. [32] have studied the flow of Fe3O4 nanofluid in a Couette channel in the presence of thermal radiation.

Extensive experimental and theoretical research has been undertaken on the energy transport features of NFs, most of which demonstrated that nanofluids can boost the rate of heat transmission [33,34,35]. However, studies have shown that pre-eminent heat transfer has been replaced by the use of different models [36,37,38]. A porous medium is a solid matrix containing interconnected voids or solid particles commonly filled with liquid. Its tortuous form and large contact surface are advantageous for increasing the rate of heat transfer [39,40]. Thus, nanofluids and porous media can be mixed in one to augment heat transport. The combination of nanofluids and porous media, as special functional materials, has major uses in improving heat transfer [41,42]. Recently, the use of nanoliquid across a permeable surface has got considerable attention and research in this area. Porous media enhance the link zone between a liquid and a solid surface, while nanoparticles dispersed within a nanofluid effectively increase thermal conductivity. As a result, it seems that the use of nanoliquid and porous media can significantly increase the efficiency of conventional thermal systems [43,44].

The researchers focused on the various cheap energy resources, including renewable energy to meet the requirements of industry and daily life. Nanofluids are one of the active and passive strategies used to enhance the heat transmission rate in heat exchangers, medications, and the solar sector. In general, researchers have used both active and passive strategies to improve energy propagation. Active techniques require external forces, like porous medium, and magnetic field, while passive procedures need unique surface models like a coarse surface and stretched surface liquids [45,46,47]. The improvement of thermal transfer by an applied electric field is due to the electrical force exerted on the nanoparticles, which may affect the microstructure of the nanoliquid and the motion of nanoparticles [48,49,50]. The benefits of this upgrade include easy control, simple design, and low energy usage [51,52].

Kang et al. [53] developed an experimental approach to guess the presence of thermal waves considering lag ratio measurement. They used Laplace’s processing method to solve a unidirectional flux by considering a cylindrical heater to heat a half-infinite space. The technique has been tested by experiments with lean pork and sand, which showed that the ratio in the sand is lesser than that in lean pork. In the interim, the time lag ratios for both were less than 1 within adequate dimension ambiguity, signifying that no thermal waves were produced. Sheikholeslami group [54] simulated electrohydrodynamic nanofluid in a porous cavity. The simulation was supported by the use of CVFEM in the presence of heat radiation and an electrical field. Moreover, the number of Nusselt increased as buoyancy forces and radiation parameters increased. The Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) was employed by Hamida et al. [55] for demonstrating the heat transport in a channel occupied by hybrid nanoliquids (HNFs) under the electric field. Four types of HNFs, i.e., TiO2–CuO, Al2O3–CuO, TiO2–Al2O3, and Al2O3–Cu have been exploited to progress the rate of heat transfer.

The novelty of the present work is highlighted as follows:

  • TiO2–Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid has been used to enhance the heat transmission rate.

  • The published work [38] is extended using the half-porous enclosure.

  • The effect of the magnetic field is investigated with the combination of the porous medium.

For us to remain motivated, we must have a purpose and be pushed to achieve it.

In this article, we aim to develop new ideas by introducing new models and strategies to improve the heat transfer ratio. Now, our main objective is to work toward the end of our goals to define cheap and easily accessible energy sources.

2 Description of the problem

The Cu and Al2O3 are used in the water to study the hybrid nanoliquids. The HNF flow is considered in a porous enclosure in the existence of a magnetic field. The magnetic field has been applied in the upright direction. The wall design of sinusoidal is defined as

(1) b = a ⋅ ( 1 − ε ) 2 .

The magnetic field is applied to the outflow field. Hybrid Al2O3 and CuO nanofluid flux are taken into account in a porous chamber. All the assumptions are used as per refs. [37,38].

3 Formulation and simulation of the Problem

3.1 Governing equation

Employed the Boussinesq–Darcy force and the non-equilibrium thermal model to the temperature model, the governing partial differential equations are as follows [37,38] (Tables 1 and 2).

(2) ∇ ⋅ V → = 0 ,

(3) ρ hnf β hnf g → ( T ˜ hnf − T ˜ c ) ˆ + μ hnf K + ∇ p + σ hnf ( V → × B → ) ˆ = 0 ,

(4) h hnfs ρ s ( c p ) s ( 1 − ε ) ( T ˜ hnf − T ˜ s ) + k s ρ s ( c p ) s ∇ 2 T ˜ s = 0 ,

where

(5) ϕ = ϕ Cu + ϕ Al 2 O 3 , ρ hnf = ( 1 − ϕ ) ρ f + ρ Al 2 O 3 ϕ Al 2 O 3 + ρ Cu ϕ Cu , ( ρ c p ) hnf = ( 1 − ϕ ) ( ρ c p ) f + ( ρ c p ) Cu ϕ Al 2 O 3 + ( ρ c p ) Cu ϕ Cu , ( ρ β ) hnf = ( 1 − ϕ ) ( ρ β ) f + ( ρ β ) Al 2 O 3 ϕ Al 2 O 3 + ( ρ β ) Cu ϕ Cu ,

(6) σ hnf = σ f + 3 σ np σ f − 1 ϕ 1 − σ np σ f ϕ + σ np σ f + 2 σ f ,

Table 1

Thermophysical properties of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles [36]

Properties Water Cu Al2O3
Density [ ρ ] ( kg/m 3 ) 997.10 8,933 3,970
Heat capacity [ C p ] ( J / kg K ) 4,179 385 765
Thermal conductivity [ k ] ( W/m K ) 0.6130 401 40
Thermal expansion [ β × 10 5 ] ( K − 1 ) 21 1.67 × 10 − 5 0.85 × 10 − 5
Electrical conductivity [ σ ] ( S / M ) 5.5 × 10 − 6 5.96 × 10 − 7 1 × 10 − 10
Table 2

Validation of current and published findings with common parameters

Ha Nu ave [37] Nu ave [38] Nu ave (present)
0 2.4634 2.4849 2.49327
6 2.28743 2.29532 2.29843
8 2.1458 2.16143 2.17327
10 1.6675 1.69758 1.72885

The k nf , and μ nf is defined by Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model as follows:

(7) μ hnf = μ f 1 ( 1 − ϕ Ag − ϕ MgO ) 5 / 2 + k Brownian Pr k f ,

(8) k hnf = k f − 3 k f ( k f − k np ) ϕ ( k f − k np ) ϕ + ( k np + 2 k f ) + 5 × 10 4 ρ f ϕ k b T ˜ ( ρ d ) np 1 / 2 c p,f g ′ ( T ˜ , d p , ϕ ) ,

where for CuO/water nanofluid the function g ′ ( T ˜ , d p , ϕ ) is defined as:

(9) g ′ ( T ˜ , d p , ϕ ) = ln ( T ˜ ) b 1 + b 2 ln ( d p ) + b 3 ln ( ϕ ) + b 4 ln ( d p ) + b 5 ln ( d p ) 2 + b 6 + b 7 ln ( d p ) + b 8 ln ( ϕ ) + b 9 ln ( ϕ ) ln ( d p ) + b 10 ln ( d p ) 2 , R f = d p k p,eff − d p k p = 4 × 10 − 8 km 2 / W .

The coefficients b i , i = [ 0 , 10 ] depend on nanofluid types.

The Non-dimensional variations are as follows:

(10) v = − ∂ ψ ∂ x , u = ∂ ψ ∂ y , Ψ = ψ α nf , ( X , Y ) = ( x , y ) l , θ s = ( T ˜ s − T ˜ c ) ( T ˜ h − T ˜ c ) , θ nf = ( T ˜ nf − T ˜ c ) ( T ˜ h − T ˜ c ) .

Equation (12) in equations (2)–(4) yields the following non-dimensional differential system:

(11) ∂ 2 Ψ ∂ X 2 + ∂ 2 Ψ ∂ Y 2 = − L 6 L 5 Ha ∂ 2 Ψ ∂ X 2 cos 2 γ + 2 ∂ 2 Ψ ∂ X ∂ Y cos γ sin γ + ∂ 2 Ψ ∂ Y 2 sin 2 γ − L 3 L 4 L 2 L 5 Ra ∂ θ nf ∂ X − L 5 L 1 Pr Da ∂ Ψ ∂ X ,

(12) ∂ 2 θ nf ∂ X 2 + ∂ 2 θ nf ∂ Y 2 = ∂ θ nf ε ∂ X ∂ Ψ ∂ Y − Nhs ( θ s − θ nf ) ε − ∂ θ nf ε ∂ Y ∂ Ψ ∂ X ,

(13) ∂ 2 θ s ∂ X 2 + ∂ 2 θ s ∂ Y 2 = − Nhs ( θ nf − θ s ) ε ,

where

(14) L 1 = ρ hnf ρ f , L 2 = ρ hnf ( c p ) hnf ρ f ( c p ) f , L 3 = ρ hnf ( β ) hnf ρ f ( β ) f , L 4 = k hnf k f , L 5 = μ hnf μ f , L 6 = σ hnf σ f , Ra = g K ρ f ( β ) f Δ T ˜ μ f α f , Nhs = h hnfs l 2 k hnf , δ s = k hnf k f ( 1 − ε ) , Ha = K B 0 2 σ f μ f , Da = k l 2 .

For the boundary conditions, as the inner wall is considered hot, we have:

(15) Ψ = 0 , on all walls, θ s = 0 , θ nf = 0 , on the outer wall, θ s = 1 , θ nf = 1 , on the inner wall .

When the wall is cold, we have:

(16) Nu loc = k nf k f ∂ θ nf ∂ r , Nu ave = 0.5 π ∫ 0 2 π Nu loc d r .

3.2 Simulation through control volume-based finite element method

For the numerical solution of the proposed flow model presented in the equations, an advanced Control-based finite element technique has been employed in the spatial domain. In the finite element method, it is standard practice to display the discrete form of differential equations in a space using a locally defined coordinate system. To discretize the physical domain, the suggested technique employs hexahedral components. In the new space, components are divided up into smaller control volumes.

4 Grid independence test and verification

The optimum grid design should be taken into account for the best results. Most notably, the overall computing cost and precision of simulation analysis findings are affected by the number of grids. Inaccurate analysis findings are produced by using coarse grids that cause a large spatial discretization error. However, if the grid is too fine, the round-off error may become much larger than the truncation error, leading to less reliable findings [6]. Accordingly, selecting the right number of grids is critical [7]. Many CFD research used grid independence testing to determine the best grid size. By comparing the numerical results obtained with different grid sizes and densities, the grid independence test may determine which grid condition produces the best overall numerical performance with the fewest number of grids.

In CVFEM code, the solution set is not only observed on grid size but the appropriate meshed has been used in each case. More importantly, a more powerful machine has been used to find the solution in case of the high grids for accurate resolution.

5 Results and discussion

The influence of a magnetic field on the motion of hybrid nanofluids within a permeable container has been shown using a non-equilibrium model. Computational volume finite element method (CVFEM) has been used to represent high grids. The predictions show the effect of varying the Hartmann number (Ha = 05, 10, 15, and 20), Rayleigh number (Ra = 50, 100, 150, and 200), and the porosity factor (Da = 5, 10, 15 to 20). Figure 1 represents the proposed model for the number of smaller and larger grids, respectively. The stability of the problem has improved as the grids have multiplied. Figures 2 and 3 show the effects of various Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers for the velocity profile in the axial and angular directions. Figures 2 and 3 show the effects of different Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers on the velocity profile in the axial and angular directions. When the Rayleigh number is low, the convective flow is low and the conductive phase is stable. When the Rayleigh number increases (50, 100, 150, and 200) as shown in Figure 2(a)–(d), the thermal boundary layer on the inner wall’s surface thins down, indicating that convection plays a higher role in heat transmission at these high values. In addition, a plume begins to appear at the top of the inner circular wall. The flow is pushed hard against the top of the box by a powerful plume. Moreover, as the speed of convection increases, the center of the main vortices continues to increase. As expected, increasing the value of the Rayleigh number involves improving the buoyancy strength in entire cases. Consequently, we have noticed an improvement in the flow force and thermal convection in the field with the improvement of the Rayleigh number.

Figure 1 Grid presentation of the proposed model.
Figure 1

Grid presentation of the proposed model.

Figure 2 Different Rayleigh numbers for velocity profile.
Figure 2

Different Rayleigh numbers for velocity profile.

Figure 3 Different Hartmann numbers for velocity profile.
Figure 3

Different Hartmann numbers for velocity profile.

Thus, the rise with an increase in Rayleigh number but a decrease in Hartmann number as augmented the Lorentz force restricts the nanofluid velocity as shown in Figure 3(a)–(d). The isotherms on the porous medium region become more contorted as Ra increases because of increasing quantities of natural convection in the free flow. Consequently, the transfer of heat in the porous medium is changed from controlled by thermal conduction to controlled by conduction and natural convection. While the increasing amount of (Ha = 5, 10, 15, and 20) improves the strength more efficiently to stop the fluid movement as prescribed in Figure 3(a)–(d). That’s why when Ra rises, resulting in a decrease in the average temperature at the contact of the porous medium. Furthermore, the control of natural convection and hence the maximum absolute value of the flow function decreases as Ha increases. In addition, as Ha rises, the central line extends, and the fundamental temperature stratification decreases. Thus, the thermal layers of the two walls will disappear. Actually, in this case, the isotherms run parallel. As an increasing Ha leads to a reduction in the buoyancy force.

The thermal plume shrinks as the (Da = 5, 10, 15, and 20) rises as shown in Figure 4(a)–(d).

Figure 4 Porous parameter for the porosity factor.
Figure 4

Porous parameter for the porosity factor.

Increasing values of the permeability parameter increase the strength to reduce liquid motion. The Rayleigh number increases the skin friction for its larger values, and this effect is more prominent in the case of the HNF as displayed in Figure 5. Physically, the drag effect near the wall surface improved with a greater value of the Rayleigh number and consequently improved skin friction. Similarly, the increasing values of the Hartmann number increase skin friction as shown in Figure 6. The strength of the Lorentz effect has improved in terms of resistance, raising skin friction. The heat transfer rate increases with the rise in the nanoparticle volume fractions as displayed in Figure 7. The rise in the volumetric fraction of nanoparticulates shows that HNFs are more effective in improving heat transfer, as shown in Figure 8. The % wise enhancement shows that hybrid nanofluids are more effective to improve the heat transfer rate for the ϕ 1 + ϕ 2 = 0.01 , 0.03 , 0.05 . The combined volumetric fraction of the Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles is essential to improve heat transfer compared to conventional fluid.

Figure 5 Skin friction versus Ra.
Figure 5

Skin friction versus Ra.

Figure 6 Skin friction versus Ha.
Figure 6

Skin friction versus Ha.

Figure 7 Nusselt number versus volume fraction.
Figure 7

Nusselt number versus volume fraction.

Figure 8 Enhancement in heat transfer (in percentage).
Figure 8

Enhancement in heat transfer (in percentage).

6 Conclusion

The flows of hybrid nanofluids considering the nanoparticles of Cu and Al2O3 are used for increasing heat transfer in a permeable enclosure driven by the cover exposed via CVFEM. The implications are transmitted for various values of ϕ, Da, Ra, Rd, and Ha. The results validate the improvement in drag force due to the increasing extent of Rayleigh numbers. Hybrid nanofluids indicate that with a small increment in the volume fraction, the rate of heat transfer increases significantly. The results are offered in 3D graphical form to show the maximum and minimum points. The number of extrema in the thermal profile is compatible with the presence of the number of ripples and thermal plume. Permeability affects heat transfer, and the buoyancy force is more efficient in thermal expansion.

  • According to the observations the motion of fluids Cu + Al2O3/water, significantly reduces near the center of the channel due to an intensification in Ra, Ha and ϕ .

  • The thermal profile of hybrid nanofluids seems ever higher in traditional fluids.

  • The value of Skin friction is heightened for M .

  • The extent of the Nusselt number is a growing function of ϕ .

  • Increased thermal radiation parameter makes Nusselt number to be improved.

  • This idea can also be extensible for the upper part of the enclosure. It is suggested that the entropy scheme and the use of other hybrid nanofluids for the same proposed model are possible for future research.

  1. Funding information: The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, for funding this work through the Research Group Project under Grant Number (RGP.2/300/44).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

[1] Wong KV, De Leon O. Applications of nanofluids: Current and future. Nanotechnol Energy. 2017;105–32.10.1201/9781315163574-6Search in Google Scholar

[2] Ahmed A, Baig H, Sundaram S, Mallick TK. Use of nanofluids in solar PV/thermal systems. Int J Photoenergy. 2019;2019:1–17.10.1155/2019/8039129Search in Google Scholar

[3] Okonkwo EC, Wole-Osho I, Almanassra IW, Abdullatif YM, Al-Ansari T. An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2021;145(6):2817–72.10.1007/s10973-020-09760-2Search in Google Scholar

[4] Choi SU, Eastman JA. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Argonne, IL (United States): Argonne National Lab. (ANL); 1995; Puliti G, Paolucci S, Sen M. Nanofluids and their properties. Appl Mech Rev 2011;64(3).Search in Google Scholar

[5] Minea AA. Comparative study of turbulent heat transfer of nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;124(1):407–16.10.1007/s10973-015-5166-zSearch in Google Scholar

[6] Le Ba T, Mahian O, Wongwises S, Szilágyi IM. Review on the recent progress in the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020;142(3):1145–72.10.1007/s10973-020-09365-9Search in Google Scholar

[7] Hajatzadeh Pordanjani A, Aghakhani S, Afrand M, Mahmoudi B, Mahian O, Wongwises S. An updated review on application of nanofluids in heat exchangers for saving energy. Energy Convers Manag. 2019;198:111886.10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111886Search in Google Scholar

[8] Maghrabie HM, Elsaid K, Sayed ET, Abdelkareem MA, Wilberforce T, Ramadan M, et al. Intensification of heat exchanger performance utilizing nanofluids. Int J Thermofluids. 2021;10:100071; Smaisim GF, Mohammed DB, Abdulhadi AM, Uktamov KF, Alsultany FH, Izzat SE, et al. Nanofluids: Properties and applications. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 2022;1-35.Search in Google Scholar

[9] Mukherjee S, Ebrahim S, Mishra PC, Ali N, Chaudhuri P. A review on pool and flow boiling enhancement using nanofluids: Nuclear reactor application. Processes. 2022;10(1):177.10.3390/pr10010177Search in Google Scholar

[10] Al‐Chlaihawi KK, Alaydamee HH, Faisal AE, Al‐Farhany K, Alomari MA. Newtonian and non‐Newtonian nanofluids with entropy generation in conjugate natural convection of hybrid nanofluid‐porous enclosures: A review. Heat Transf. 2022;51(2):1725–45.10.1002/htj.22372Search in Google Scholar

[11] Kumar A, Subudhi S. Preparation, characterization and heat transfer analysis of nanofluids used for engine cooling. Appl Therm Eng. 2019;160:114092.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114092Search in Google Scholar

[12] Balitskii A, Kindrachuk M, Volchenko D, Abramek KF, Balitskii O, Skrypnyk V, et al. Hydrogen containing nanofluids in the spark engine’s cylinder head cooling system. Energies. 2021;15(1):59.10.3390/en15010059Search in Google Scholar

[13] Moita A, Moreira A, Pereira J. Nanofluids for the next generation thermal management of electronics: A review. Symmetry. 2021;13(8):1362.10.3390/sym13081362Search in Google Scholar

[14] Aglawe K, Yadav R, Thool S. Preparation, applications and challenges of nanofluids in electronic cooling: A systematic review. Mater Today Proc. 2021;43:366–72.10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.679Search in Google Scholar

[15] Pordanjani AH, Aghakhani S, Afrand M, Sharifpur M, Meyer JP, Xu H, et al. Nanofluids: Physical phenomena, applications in thermal systems and the environment effects-a critical review. J Clean Prod. 2021;320:128573.10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128573Search in Google Scholar

[16] Jawad M, Khan Z, Bonyah E, Jan R. Analysis of hybrid nanofluid stagnation point flow over a stretching surface with melting heat transfer. Math Probl Eng. 2022;2022:1–12.10.1155/2022/9469164Search in Google Scholar

[17] Sharifpur M, Solomon AB, Ottermann TL, Meyer JP. Optimum concentration of nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement under cavity flow natural convection with TiO2–Water. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2018;98:297–303.10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.09.010Search in Google Scholar

[18] Das S, Giri A, Samanta S, Kanagaraj S. Role of graphene nanofluids on heat transfer enhancement in thermosyphon. J Science: Adv Mater Devices. 2019;4(1):163–9.10.1016/j.jsamd.2019.01.005Search in Google Scholar

[19] Shafiq A, Çolak AB, Naz Sindhu T. Designing artificial neural network of nanoparticle diameter and solid–fluid interfacial layer on single‐walled carbon nanotubes/ethylene glycol nanofluid flow on thin slendering needles. Int J Numer Methods Fluids. 2021;93(12):3384–404.10.1002/fld.5038Search in Google Scholar

[20] Shafiq A, Lone SA, Sindhu TN, Al-Mdallal QM, Rasool G. Statistical modeling for bioconvective tangent hyperbolic nanofluid towards stretching surface with zero mass flux condition. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–11.10.1038/s41598-021-93329-ySearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[21] Shafiq A, Sindhu TN, Al-Mdallal QM. A sensitivity study on carbon nanotubes significance in Darcy–Forchheimer flow towards a rotating disk by response surface methodology. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–26.10.1038/s41598-021-87956-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[22] Shafiq A, Çolak AB, Lone SA, Sindhu TN, Muhammad T. Reliability modeling and analysis of mixture of exponential distributions using artificial neural network. Math Methods Appl Sci. 2022.10.1002/mma.8178Search in Google Scholar

[23] Alsharif AM, Abdellateef AI, Elmaboud YA, Abdelsalam SI. Performance enhancement of a DC-operated micropump with electroosmosis in a hybrid nanofluid: fractional Cattaneo heat flux problem. Appl Math Mech. 2022;43(6):931–44.10.1007/s10483-022-2854-6Search in Google Scholar

[24] Kot ME, Elmaboud YA. Hybrid nanofluid flows through a vertical diseased coronary artery with heat transfer. J Mech Med Biol. 2021;21(2):2150012.10.1142/S0219519421500123Search in Google Scholar

[25] El-Masry YAS, Abd Elmaboud Y, Abdel-Sattar MA. Direct current/alternating current magnetohydrodynamic micropump of a hybrid nanofluid through a vertical annulus with heat transfer. J Therm Sci Eng Appl. 2020;12(4):044501.10.1115/1.4046058Search in Google Scholar

[26] Al-Srayyih BM, Gao S, Hussain SH. Natural convection flow of a hybrid nanofluid in a square enclosure partially filled with a porous medium using a thermal non-equilibrium model. Phys Fluids. 2019;31(4):043609.10.1063/1.5080671Search in Google Scholar

[27] Agarwal S. Natural convection in a nanofluid-saturated rotating porous layer: A more realistic approach. Transp porous media. 2014;104:581–92.10.1007/s11242-014-0351-2Search in Google Scholar

[28] Yadav D, Wang J. Convective heat transport in a heat generating porous layer saturated by a non-Newtonian nanofluid. Heat Transf Eng. 201810.1080/01457632.2018.1470298Search in Google Scholar

[29] Chandra Sekhar B, Kishan N, Haritha C. Convection in nanofluid-filled porous cavity with heat absorption/generation and radiation. J Thermophys Heat Transf. 2017;31(3):549–62.10.2514/1.T5010Search in Google Scholar

[30] Shekar BC, Kishan N. Finite element analysis of natural convective heat transfer in a porous square cavity filled with nanofluids in the presence of thermal radiation. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 662. Issue 1. IOP Publishing; 2015, November. p. 012017.10.1088/1742-6596/662/1/012017Search in Google Scholar

[31] Alluguvelli R, Balla CS, Bandari L, Naikoti K. Investigation on natural convective flow of ethylene glycol nanofluid containing nanoparticles Fe3O4 in a porous cavity with radiation. In AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2269. Issue 1. AIP Publishing LLC; 2020, October. p. 060004.10.1063/5.0019589Search in Google Scholar

[32] Ali K, Rajashekar Reddy Y, Balla CS. Numerical solution of transient Fe3O4-EG nanofluid flow past the Couette channel associated with radiation. Int J Ambient Energy. 2021;1–14.10.1080/01430750.2021.1970623Search in Google Scholar

[33] Rana GC. Effects of rotation on Jeffrey nanofluid flow saturated by a porous medium. J Appl Math Comput Mech. 2021;20(3):17–29.10.17512/jamcm.2021.3.02Search in Google Scholar

[34] Suroso B, Kamal S, Kristiawan B, Irawansyah H, Wibowo BS, Yani M. Convective heat transfer of nanofluids TiO2/Thermo Oil XT 32 in concentric tube heat exchanger. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing; 2019.10.1088/1757-899X/674/1/012063Search in Google Scholar

[35] Delavar M, Azimi M. I using porous material for heat transfer enhancement in heat exchangers. J Eng Sci Technol Rev. 2013;6(1).10.25103/jestr.061.03Search in Google Scholar

[36] Khashi’ie NS, Waini I, Arifin NM, Pop I. Unsteady squeezing flow of Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid in a horizontal channel with magnetic field. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–11.10.1038/s41598-021-93644-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[37] Rudraiah N, Barron RM, Venkatachalappa M, Subbaraya CK. Effect of a magnetic field on free convection in a rectangular enclosure. Int J Eng Sci. 1995;33(8):1075–84.10.1016/0020-7225(94)00120-9Search in Google Scholar

[38] Sheikholeslami M, Rokni HB. CVFEM for effect of Lorentz forces on nanofluid flow in a porous complex shaped enclosure by means of non-equilibrium model. J Mol Liq. 2018;254:446–62.10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.130Search in Google Scholar

[39] Hassan M, Marin M, Alsharif A, Ellahi R. Convective heat transfer flow of nanofluid in a porous medium over wavy surface. Phys Lett A. 2018;382(38):2749–53.10.1016/j.physleta.2018.06.026Search in Google Scholar

[40] Xu HJ, Xing ZB, Wang FQ, Cheng ZM. Review on heat conduction, heat convection, thermal radiation and phase change heat transfer of nanofluids in porous media: Fundamentals and applications. Chem Eng Sci. 2019;195:462–83.10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.045Search in Google Scholar

[41] Hemmat Esfe M, Bahiraei M, Hajbarati H, Valadkhani M. A comprehensive review on convective heat transfer of nanofluids in porous media: Energy-related and thermohydraulic characteristics. Appl Therm Eng. 2020;178:a115487.10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115487Search in Google Scholar

[42] Khanafer K, Vafai K. Applications of nanofluids in porous medium. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;135(2):1479–92.10.1007/s10973-018-7565-4Search in Google Scholar

[43] Laohalertdecha S, Naphon P, Wongwises S. A review of electrohydrodynamic enhancement of heat transfer. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2007;11(5):858–76.10.1016/j.rser.2005.07.002Search in Google Scholar

[44] Habibishandiz M, Saghir M. A critical review of heat transfer enhancement methods in the presence of porous media, nanofluids, and microorganisms. Therm Sci Eng Prog. 2022;30:101267.10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101267Search in Google Scholar

[45] Rashidi S, Eskandarian M, Mahian O, Poncet S. Combination of nanofluid and inserts for heat transfer enhancement. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;135(1):437–60.10.1007/s10973-018-7070-9Search in Google Scholar

[46] Wang G, Zhang Z, Wang R, Zhu Z. A review on heat transfer of nanofluids by applied electric field or magnetic field. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(12):2386.10.3390/nano10122386Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[47] Du J, Li L, Zhuo Q, Wang R, Zhu Z. Investigation on inertial sorter coupled with magnetophoretic effect for nonmagnetic microparticles. Micromachines. 2020;11(6):566.10.3390/mi11060566Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[48] Chen Y, Luo P, He D, Ma R. Numerical simulation and analysis of natural convective flow and heat transfer of nanofluid under electric field. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2021;120:Esfahaii53.10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.105053Search in Google Scholar

[49] Asadzadeh F, Esfahany MN, Etesami N. Natural convective heat transfer oan f Fe3O4/ethylene glycol nanofluid in electric field. Int J Therm Sci. 2012;62:114–9.10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.11.010Search in Google Scholar

[50] Tu J, Yeoh GH, Liu C. Computational fluid dynamics: A practical approach. Butterworth-Heinemann; 2018.Search in Google Scholar

[51] Duan R, Liu W, Xu L, Huang Y, Shen X, Lin CH, et al. Mesh type and number for the CFD simulations of air distribution in an aircraft cabin. Numer heat Transfer Part B Fundam. 2015;67(6):489–506.10.1080/10407790.2014.985991Search in Google Scholar

[52] Yang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Pan Y. Effect of Rayleigh numbers on natural convection and heat transfer with thermal radiation in a cavity partially filled with porous medium. Procedia Eng. 2015;121:1171–8.10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.131Search in Google Scholar

[53] Kang Z, Zhu P, Gui D, Wang L. A method for predicting thermal waves in dual-phase-lag heat conduction. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2017;115:250–7.10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.07.036Search in Google Scholar

[54] Sheikholeslami M, Seyednezhad M. Simulation of nanofluid flow and natural convection in a porous media under the influence of electric field using CVFEM. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2018;120:772–81.10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.087Search in Google Scholar

[55] Hamida MBB, Hatami M. Investigation of heated fins geometries on the heat transfer of a channel filled by hybrid nanofluids under the electric field. Case Stud Therm Eng. 2021;28:101450.10.1016/j.csite.2021.101450Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2022-09-05
Revised: 2023-02-09
Accepted: 2023-02-23
Published Online: 2023-03-25

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Preparation of CdS–Ag2S nanocomposites by ultrasound-assisted UV photolysis treatment and its visible light photocatalysis activity
  3. Significance of nanoparticle radius and inter-particle spacing toward the radiative water-based alumina nanofluid flow over a rotating disk
  4. Aptamer-based detection of serotonin based on the rapid in situ synthesis of colorimetric gold nanoparticles
  5. Investigation of the nucleation and growth behavior of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC nano-precipitates in TiAl alloys
  6. Dynamic recrystallization behavior and nucleation mechanism of dual-scale SiCp/A356 composites processed by P/M method
  7. High mechanical performance of 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane/epoxy cured in a sandwich construction of 3D carbon felts foam and woven basalt fibers
  8. Applying solution of spray polyurea elastomer in asphalt binder: Feasibility analysis and DSR study based on the MSCR and LAS tests
  9. Study on the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of iron-based bioabsorbable stents
  10. Influence of microalloying with B on the microstructure and properties of brazed joints with Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn filler metal
  11. Thermohydraulic performance of thermal system integrated with twisted turbulator inserts using ternary hybrid nanofluids
  12. Study of mechanical properties of epoxy/graphene and epoxy/halloysite nanocomposites
  13. Effects of CaO addition on the CuW composite containing micro- and nano-sized tungsten particles synthesized via aluminothermic coupling with silicothermic reduction
  14. Cu and Al2O3-based hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous cavity
  15. Design of functional vancomycin-embedded bio-derived extracellular matrix hydrogels for repairing infectious bone defects
  16. Study on nanocrystalline coating prepared by electro-spraying 316L metal wire and its corrosion performance
  17. Axial compression performance of CFST columns reinforced by ultra-high-performance nano-concrete under long-term loading
  18. Tungsten trioxide nanocomposite for conventional soliton and noise-like pulse generation in anomalous dispersion laser cavity
  19. Microstructure and electrical contact behavior of the nano-yttria-modified Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC composite
  20. Melting rheology in thermally stratified graphene-mineral oil reservoir (third-grade nanofluid) with slip condition
  21. Re-examination of nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending of porous sandwich cylindrical panels reinforced by graphene platelets
  22. Parametric simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow consisting of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with second-order slip and variable viscosity over an extending surface
  23. Chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles with potent and selective intrinsic activity against the breast cancer cells
  24. Multi-core/shell SiO2@Al2O3 nanostructures deposited on Ti3AlC2 to enhance high-temperature stability and microwave absorption properties
  25. Solution-processed Bi2S3/BiVO4/TiO2 ternary heterojunction photoanode with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
  26. Electroporation effect of ZnO nanoarrays under low voltage for water disinfection
  27. NIR-II window absorbing graphene oxide-coated gold nanorods and graphene quantum dot-coupled gold nanorods for photothermal cancer therapy
  28. Nonlinear three-dimensional stability characteristics of geometrically imperfect nanoshells under axial compression and surface residual stress
  29. Investigation of different nanoparticles properties on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids by molecular dynamics simulation
  30. Optimized Cu2O-{100} facet for generation of different reactive oxidative species via peroxymonosulfate activation at specific pH values to efficient acetaminophen removal
  31. Brownian and thermal diffusivity impact due to the Maxwell nanofluid (graphene/engine oil) flow with motile microorganisms and Joule heating
  32. Appraising the dielectric properties and the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding of graphene reinforced silicone rubber nanocomposite
  33. Synthesis of Ag and Cu nanoparticles by plasma discharge in inorganic salt solutions
  34. Low-cost and large-scale preparation of ultrafine TiO2@C hybrids for high-performance degradation of methyl orange and formaldehyde under visible light
  35. Utilization of waste glass with natural pozzolan in the production of self-glazed glass-ceramic materials
  36. Mechanical performance of date palm fiber-reinforced concrete modified with nano-activated carbon
  37. Melting point of dried gold nanoparticles prepared with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and lyophilisation
  38. Graphene nanofibers: A modern approach towards tailored gypsum composites
  39. Role of localized magnetic field in vortex generation in tri-hybrid nanofluid flow: A numerical approach
  40. Intelligent computing for the double-diffusive peristaltic rheology of magneto couple stress nanomaterials
  41. Bioconvection transport of upper convected Maxwell nanoliquid with gyrotactic microorganism, nonlinear thermal radiation, and chemical reaction
  42. 3D printing of porous Ti6Al4V bone tissue engineering scaffold and surface anodization preparation of nanotubes to enhance its biological property
  43. Bioinspired ferromagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles: Potential pharmaceutical and medical applications
  44. Significance of gyrotactic microorganisms on the MHD tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow across an elastic slender surface: Numerical analysis
  45. Performance of polycarboxylate superplasticisers in seawater-blended cement: Effect from chemical structure and nano modification
  46. Entropy minimization of GO–Ag/KO cross-hybrid nanofluid over a convectively heated surface
  47. Oxygen plasma assisted room temperature bonding for manufacturing SU-8 polymer micro/nanoscale nozzle
  48. Performance and mechanism of CO2 reduction by DBD-coupled mesoporous SiO2
  49. Polyarylene ether nitrile dielectric films modified by HNTs@PDA hybrids for high-temperature resistant organic electronics field
  50. Exploration of generalized two-phase free convection magnetohydrodynamic flow of dusty tetra-hybrid Casson nanofluid between parallel microplates
  51. Hygrothermal bending analysis of sandwich nanoplates with FG porous core and piezomagnetic faces via nonlocal strain gradient theory
  52. Design and optimization of a TiO2/RGO-supported epoxy multilayer microwave absorber by the modified local best particle swarm optimization algorithm
  53. Mechanical properties and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate concrete modified by nano-SiO2
  54. Self-template synthesis of hollow flower-like NiCo2O4 nanoparticles as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in alkaline media
  55. High-performance wearable flexible strain sensors based on an AgNWs/rGO/TPU electrospun nanofiber film for monitoring human activities
  56. High-performance lithium–selenium batteries enabled by nitrogen-doped porous carbon from peanut meal
  57. Investigating effects of Lorentz forces and convective heating on ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved surface using homotopy analysis method
  58. Exploring the potential of biogenic magnesium oxide nanoparticles for cytotoxicity: In vitro and in silico studies on HCT116 and HT29 cells and DPPH radical scavenging
  59. Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by heteroatom-doped nickel tungstate nanoparticles
  60. A facile method to synthesize nZVI-doped polypyrrole-based carbon nanotube for Ag(i) removal
  61. Improved osseointegration of dental titanium implants by TiO2 nanotube arrays with self-assembled recombinant IGF-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
  62. Functionalized SWCNTs@Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites induce ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells
  63. Triboelectric nanogenerator based on a water droplet spring with a concave spherical surface for harvesting wave energy and detecting pressure
  64. A mathematical approach for modeling the blood flow containing nanoparticles by employing the Buongiorno’s model
  65. Molecular dynamics study on dynamic interlayer friction of graphene and its strain effect
  66. Induction of apoptosis and autophagy via regulation of AKT and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in breast cancer cell lines exposed to gold nanoparticles loaded with TNF-α and combined with doxorubicin
  67. Effect of PVA fibers on durability of nano-SiO2-reinforced cement-based composites subjected to wet-thermal and chloride salt-coupled environment
  68. Effect of polyvinyl alcohol fibers on mechanical properties of nano-SiO2-reinforced geopolymer composites under a complex environment
  69. In vitro studies of titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with glutathione as a potential drug delivery system
  70. Comparative investigations of Ag/H2O nanofluid and Ag-CuO/H2O hybrid nanofluid with Darcy-Forchheimer flow over a curved surface
  71. Study on deformation characteristics of multi-pass continuous drawing of micro copper wire based on crystal plasticity finite element method
  72. Properties of ultra-high-performance self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete modified with nanomaterials
  73. Prediction of lap shear strength of GNP and TiO2/epoxy nanocomposite adhesives
  74. A novel exploration of how localized magnetic field affects vortex generation of trihybrid nanofluids
  75. Fabrication and physicochemical characterization of copper oxide–pyrrhotite nanocomposites for the cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells and the mechanism
  76. Thermal radiative flow of cross nanofluid due to a stretched cylinder containing microorganisms
  77. In vitro study of the biphasic calcium phosphate/chitosan hybrid biomaterial scaffold fabricated via solvent casting and evaporation technique for bone regeneration
  78. Insights into the thermal characteristics and dynamics of stagnant blood conveying titanium oxide, alumina, and silver nanoparticles subject to Lorentz force and internal heating over a curved surface
  79. Effects of nano-SiO2 additives on carbon fiber-reinforced fly ash–slag geopolymer composites performance: Workability, mechanical properties, and microstructure
  80. Energy bandgap and thermal characteristics of non-Darcian MHD rotating hybridity nanofluid thin film flow: Nanotechnology application
  81. Green synthesis and characterization of ginger-extract-based oxali-palladium nanoparticles for colorectal cancer: Downregulation of REG4 and apoptosis induction
  82. Abnormal evolution of resistivity and microstructure of annealed Ag nanoparticles/Ag–Mo films
  83. Preparation of water-based dextran-coated Fe3O4 magnetic fluid for magnetic hyperthermia
  84. Statistical investigations and morphological aspects of cross-rheological material suspended in transportation of alumina, silica, titanium, and ethylene glycol via the Galerkin algorithm
  85. Effect of CNT film interleaves on the flexural properties and strength after impact of CFRP composites
  86. Self-assembled nanoscale entities: Preparative process optimization, payload release, and enhanced bioavailability of thymoquinone natural product
  87. Structure–mechanical property relationships of 3D-printed porous polydimethylsiloxane films
  88. Nonlinear thermal radiation and the slip effect on a 3D bioconvection flow of the Casson nanofluid in a rotating frame via a homotopy analysis mechanism
  89. Residual mechanical properties of concrete incorporated with nano supplementary cementitious materials exposed to elevated temperature
  90. Time-independent three-dimensional flow of a water-based hybrid nanofluid past a Riga plate with slips and convective conditions: A homotopic solution
  91. Lightweight and high-strength polyarylene ether nitrile-based composites for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding
  92. Review Articles
  93. Recycling waste sources into nanocomposites of graphene materials: Overview from an energy-focused perspective
  94. Hybrid nanofiller reinforcement in thermoset and biothermoset applications: A review
  95. Current state-of-the-art review of nanotechnology-based therapeutics for viral pandemics: Special attention to COVID-19
  96. Solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted natural and synthetic drugs delivery in high-incidence cancers, and other diseases: Roles of preparation methods, lipid composition, transitional stability, and release profiles in nanocarriers’ development
  97. Critical review on experimental and theoretical studies of elastic properties of wurtzite-structured ZnO nanowires
  98. Polyurea micro-/nano-capsule applications in construction industry: A review
  99. A comprehensive review and clinical guide to molecular and serological diagnostic tests and future development: In vitro diagnostic testing for COVID-19
  100. Recent advances in electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid: Mechanism, catalyst, coupling system
  101. Research progress and prospect of silica-based polymer nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery
  102. Review of the pharmacokinetics of nanodrugs
  103. Engineered nanoflowers, nanotrees, nanostars, nanodendrites, and nanoleaves for biomedical applications
  104. Research progress of biopolymers combined with stem cells in the repair of intrauterine adhesions
  105. Progress in FEM modeling on mechanical and electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube cement-based composites
  106. Antifouling induced by surface wettability of poly(dimethyl siloxane) and its nanocomposites
  107. TiO2 aerogel composite high-efficiency photocatalysts for environmental treatment and hydrogen energy production
  108. Structural properties of alumina surfaces and their roles in the synthesis of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs)
  109. Nanoparticles for the potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: A physiopathological approach
  110. Current status of synthesis and consolidation strategies for thermo-resistant nanoalloys and their general applications
  111. Recent research progress on the stimuli-responsive smart membrane: A review
  112. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous cementitious materials: A review
  113. Applications of DNA tetrahedron nanostructure in cancer diagnosis and anticancer drugs delivery
  114. Magnetic nanoparticles in 3D-printed scaffolds for biomedical applications
  115. An overview of the synthesis of silicon carbide–boron carbide composite powders
  116. Organolead halide perovskites: Synthetic routes, structural features, and their potential in the development of photovoltaic
  117. Recent advancements in nanotechnology application on wood and bamboo materials: A review
  118. Application of aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials in molecular imaging of tumors
  119. Recent progress on corrosion mechanisms of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites
  120. Research progress on preparation, modification, and application of phenolic aerogel
  121. Application of nanomaterials in early diagnosis of cancer
  122. Plant mediated-green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: An insight into biomedical applications
  123. Recent developments in terahertz quantum cascade lasers for practical applications
  124. Recent progress in dielectric/metal/dielectric electrodes for foldable light-emitting devices
  125. Nanocoatings for ballistic applications: A review
  126. A mini-review on MoS2 membrane for water desalination: Recent development and challenges
  127. Recent updates in nanotechnological advances for wound healing: A narrative review
  128. Recent advances in DNA nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment
  129. Electrochemical micro- and nanobiosensors for in vivo reactive oxygen/nitrogen species measurement in the brain
  130. Advances in organic–inorganic nanocomposites for cancer imaging and therapy
  131. Advancements in aluminum matrix composites reinforced with carbides and graphene: A comprehensive review
  132. Modification effects of nanosilica on asphalt binders: A review
  133. Decellularized extracellular matrix as a promising biomaterial for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration
  134. Review of the sol–gel method in preparing nano TiO2 for advanced oxidation process
  135. Micro/nano manufacturing aircraft surface with anti-icing and deicing performances: An overview
  136. Cell type-targeting nanoparticles in treating central nervous system diseases: Challenges and hopes
  137. An overview of hydrogen production from Al-based materials
  138. A review of application, modification, and prospect of melamine foam
  139. A review of the performance of fibre-reinforced composite laminates with carbon nanotubes
  140. Research on AFM tip-related nanofabrication of two-dimensional materials
  141. Advances in phase change building materials: An overview
  142. Development of graphene and graphene quantum dots toward biomedical engineering applications: A review
  143. Nanoremediation approaches for the mitigation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables: An overview
  144. Photodynamic therapy empowered by nanotechnology for oral and dental science: Progress and perspectives
  145. Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles: Bioreduction and biomineralization
  146. Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and the role of nanomaterial-based theragnosis in combating the pandemic
  147. Application of two-dimensional black phosphorus material in wound healing
  148. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials and Composites for Energy Conversion and Storage - Part I
  149. Helical fluorinated carbon nanotubes/iron(iii) fluoride hybrid with multilevel transportation channels and rich active sites for lithium/fluorinated carbon primary battery
  150. The progress of cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries
  151. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Carbon Capture, Environment and Utilization for Energy Sustainability - Part I
  152. Effect of polypropylene fiber and nano-silica on the compressive strength and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate concrete
  153. Mechanochemical design of nanomaterials for catalytic applications with a benign-by-design focus
https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0526
Keywords for this article
Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles; hybrid nanofluid; porous medium; non-equilibrium model; control volume method; finite element method
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Preparation of CdS–Ag2S nanocomposites by ultrasound-assisted UV photolysis treatment and its visible light photocatalysis activity
  3. Significance of nanoparticle radius and inter-particle spacing toward the radiative water-based alumina nanofluid flow over a rotating disk
  4. Aptamer-based detection of serotonin based on the rapid in situ synthesis of colorimetric gold nanoparticles
  5. Investigation of the nucleation and growth behavior of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC nano-precipitates in TiAl alloys
  6. Dynamic recrystallization behavior and nucleation mechanism of dual-scale SiCp/A356 composites processed by P/M method
  7. High mechanical performance of 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane/epoxy cured in a sandwich construction of 3D carbon felts foam and woven basalt fibers
  8. Applying solution of spray polyurea elastomer in asphalt binder: Feasibility analysis and DSR study based on the MSCR and LAS tests
  9. Study on the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of iron-based bioabsorbable stents
  10. Influence of microalloying with B on the microstructure and properties of brazed joints with Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn filler metal
  11. Thermohydraulic performance of thermal system integrated with twisted turbulator inserts using ternary hybrid nanofluids
  12. Study of mechanical properties of epoxy/graphene and epoxy/halloysite nanocomposites
  13. Effects of CaO addition on the CuW composite containing micro- and nano-sized tungsten particles synthesized via aluminothermic coupling with silicothermic reduction
  14. Cu and Al2O3-based hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous cavity
  15. Design of functional vancomycin-embedded bio-derived extracellular matrix hydrogels for repairing infectious bone defects
  16. Study on nanocrystalline coating prepared by electro-spraying 316L metal wire and its corrosion performance
  17. Axial compression performance of CFST columns reinforced by ultra-high-performance nano-concrete under long-term loading
  18. Tungsten trioxide nanocomposite for conventional soliton and noise-like pulse generation in anomalous dispersion laser cavity
  19. Microstructure and electrical contact behavior of the nano-yttria-modified Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC composite
  20. Melting rheology in thermally stratified graphene-mineral oil reservoir (third-grade nanofluid) with slip condition
  21. Re-examination of nonlinear vibration and nonlinear bending of porous sandwich cylindrical panels reinforced by graphene platelets
  22. Parametric simulation of hybrid nanofluid flow consisting of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with second-order slip and variable viscosity over an extending surface
  23. Chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles with potent and selective intrinsic activity against the breast cancer cells
  24. Multi-core/shell SiO2@Al2O3 nanostructures deposited on Ti3AlC2 to enhance high-temperature stability and microwave absorption properties
  25. Solution-processed Bi2S3/BiVO4/TiO2 ternary heterojunction photoanode with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance
  26. Electroporation effect of ZnO nanoarrays under low voltage for water disinfection
  27. NIR-II window absorbing graphene oxide-coated gold nanorods and graphene quantum dot-coupled gold nanorods for photothermal cancer therapy
  28. Nonlinear three-dimensional stability characteristics of geometrically imperfect nanoshells under axial compression and surface residual stress
  29. Investigation of different nanoparticles properties on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids by molecular dynamics simulation
  30. Optimized Cu2O-{100} facet for generation of different reactive oxidative species via peroxymonosulfate activation at specific pH values to efficient acetaminophen removal
  31. Brownian and thermal diffusivity impact due to the Maxwell nanofluid (graphene/engine oil) flow with motile microorganisms and Joule heating
  32. Appraising the dielectric properties and the effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding of graphene reinforced silicone rubber nanocomposite
  33. Synthesis of Ag and Cu nanoparticles by plasma discharge in inorganic salt solutions
  34. Low-cost and large-scale preparation of ultrafine TiO2@C hybrids for high-performance degradation of methyl orange and formaldehyde under visible light
  35. Utilization of waste glass with natural pozzolan in the production of self-glazed glass-ceramic materials
  36. Mechanical performance of date palm fiber-reinforced concrete modified with nano-activated carbon
  37. Melting point of dried gold nanoparticles prepared with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and lyophilisation
  38. Graphene nanofibers: A modern approach towards tailored gypsum composites
  39. Role of localized magnetic field in vortex generation in tri-hybrid nanofluid flow: A numerical approach
  40. Intelligent computing for the double-diffusive peristaltic rheology of magneto couple stress nanomaterials
  41. Bioconvection transport of upper convected Maxwell nanoliquid with gyrotactic microorganism, nonlinear thermal radiation, and chemical reaction
  42. 3D printing of porous Ti6Al4V bone tissue engineering scaffold and surface anodization preparation of nanotubes to enhance its biological property
  43. Bioinspired ferromagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles: Potential pharmaceutical and medical applications
  44. Significance of gyrotactic microorganisms on the MHD tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow across an elastic slender surface: Numerical analysis
  45. Performance of polycarboxylate superplasticisers in seawater-blended cement: Effect from chemical structure and nano modification
  46. Entropy minimization of GO–Ag/KO cross-hybrid nanofluid over a convectively heated surface
  47. Oxygen plasma assisted room temperature bonding for manufacturing SU-8 polymer micro/nanoscale nozzle
  48. Performance and mechanism of CO2 reduction by DBD-coupled mesoporous SiO2
  49. Polyarylene ether nitrile dielectric films modified by HNTs@PDA hybrids for high-temperature resistant organic electronics field
  50. Exploration of generalized two-phase free convection magnetohydrodynamic flow of dusty tetra-hybrid Casson nanofluid between parallel microplates
  51. Hygrothermal bending analysis of sandwich nanoplates with FG porous core and piezomagnetic faces via nonlocal strain gradient theory
  52. Design and optimization of a TiO2/RGO-supported epoxy multilayer microwave absorber by the modified local best particle swarm optimization algorithm
  53. Mechanical properties and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate concrete modified by nano-SiO2
  54. Self-template synthesis of hollow flower-like NiCo2O4 nanoparticles as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in alkaline media
  55. High-performance wearable flexible strain sensors based on an AgNWs/rGO/TPU electrospun nanofiber film for monitoring human activities
  56. High-performance lithium–selenium batteries enabled by nitrogen-doped porous carbon from peanut meal
  57. Investigating effects of Lorentz forces and convective heating on ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved surface using homotopy analysis method
  58. Exploring the potential of biogenic magnesium oxide nanoparticles for cytotoxicity: In vitro and in silico studies on HCT116 and HT29 cells and DPPH radical scavenging
  59. Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by heteroatom-doped nickel tungstate nanoparticles
  60. A facile method to synthesize nZVI-doped polypyrrole-based carbon nanotube for Ag(i) removal
  61. Improved osseointegration of dental titanium implants by TiO2 nanotube arrays with self-assembled recombinant IGF-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model
  62. Functionalized SWCNTs@Ag–TiO2 nanocomposites induce ROS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells
  63. Triboelectric nanogenerator based on a water droplet spring with a concave spherical surface for harvesting wave energy and detecting pressure
  64. A mathematical approach for modeling the blood flow containing nanoparticles by employing the Buongiorno’s model
  65. Molecular dynamics study on dynamic interlayer friction of graphene and its strain effect
  66. Induction of apoptosis and autophagy via regulation of AKT and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in breast cancer cell lines exposed to gold nanoparticles loaded with TNF-α and combined with doxorubicin
  67. Effect of PVA fibers on durability of nano-SiO2-reinforced cement-based composites subjected to wet-thermal and chloride salt-coupled environment
  68. Effect of polyvinyl alcohol fibers on mechanical properties of nano-SiO2-reinforced geopolymer composites under a complex environment
  69. In vitro studies of titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with glutathione as a potential drug delivery system
  70. Comparative investigations of Ag/H2O nanofluid and Ag-CuO/H2O hybrid nanofluid with Darcy-Forchheimer flow over a curved surface
  71. Study on deformation characteristics of multi-pass continuous drawing of micro copper wire based on crystal plasticity finite element method
  72. Properties of ultra-high-performance self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete modified with nanomaterials
  73. Prediction of lap shear strength of GNP and TiO2/epoxy nanocomposite adhesives
  74. A novel exploration of how localized magnetic field affects vortex generation of trihybrid nanofluids
  75. Fabrication and physicochemical characterization of copper oxide–pyrrhotite nanocomposites for the cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells and the mechanism
  76. Thermal radiative flow of cross nanofluid due to a stretched cylinder containing microorganisms
  77. In vitro study of the biphasic calcium phosphate/chitosan hybrid biomaterial scaffold fabricated via solvent casting and evaporation technique for bone regeneration
  78. Insights into the thermal characteristics and dynamics of stagnant blood conveying titanium oxide, alumina, and silver nanoparticles subject to Lorentz force and internal heating over a curved surface
  79. Effects of nano-SiO2 additives on carbon fiber-reinforced fly ash–slag geopolymer composites performance: Workability, mechanical properties, and microstructure
  80. Energy bandgap and thermal characteristics of non-Darcian MHD rotating hybridity nanofluid thin film flow: Nanotechnology application
  81. Green synthesis and characterization of ginger-extract-based oxali-palladium nanoparticles for colorectal cancer: Downregulation of REG4 and apoptosis induction
  82. Abnormal evolution of resistivity and microstructure of annealed Ag nanoparticles/Ag–Mo films
  83. Preparation of water-based dextran-coated Fe3O4 magnetic fluid for magnetic hyperthermia
  84. Statistical investigations and morphological aspects of cross-rheological material suspended in transportation of alumina, silica, titanium, and ethylene glycol via the Galerkin algorithm
  85. Effect of CNT film interleaves on the flexural properties and strength after impact of CFRP composites
  86. Self-assembled nanoscale entities: Preparative process optimization, payload release, and enhanced bioavailability of thymoquinone natural product
  87. Structure–mechanical property relationships of 3D-printed porous polydimethylsiloxane films
  88. Nonlinear thermal radiation and the slip effect on a 3D bioconvection flow of the Casson nanofluid in a rotating frame via a homotopy analysis mechanism
  89. Residual mechanical properties of concrete incorporated with nano supplementary cementitious materials exposed to elevated temperature
  90. Time-independent three-dimensional flow of a water-based hybrid nanofluid past a Riga plate with slips and convective conditions: A homotopic solution
  91. Lightweight and high-strength polyarylene ether nitrile-based composites for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding
  92. Review Articles
  93. Recycling waste sources into nanocomposites of graphene materials: Overview from an energy-focused perspective
  94. Hybrid nanofiller reinforcement in thermoset and biothermoset applications: A review
  95. Current state-of-the-art review of nanotechnology-based therapeutics for viral pandemics: Special attention to COVID-19
  96. Solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted natural and synthetic drugs delivery in high-incidence cancers, and other diseases: Roles of preparation methods, lipid composition, transitional stability, and release profiles in nanocarriers’ development
  97. Critical review on experimental and theoretical studies of elastic properties of wurtzite-structured ZnO nanowires
  98. Polyurea micro-/nano-capsule applications in construction industry: A review
  99. A comprehensive review and clinical guide to molecular and serological diagnostic tests and future development: In vitro diagnostic testing for COVID-19
  100. Recent advances in electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid: Mechanism, catalyst, coupling system
  101. Research progress and prospect of silica-based polymer nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery
  102. Review of the pharmacokinetics of nanodrugs
  103. Engineered nanoflowers, nanotrees, nanostars, nanodendrites, and nanoleaves for biomedical applications
  104. Research progress of biopolymers combined with stem cells in the repair of intrauterine adhesions
  105. Progress in FEM modeling on mechanical and electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube cement-based composites
  106. Antifouling induced by surface wettability of poly(dimethyl siloxane) and its nanocomposites
  107. TiO2 aerogel composite high-efficiency photocatalysts for environmental treatment and hydrogen energy production
  108. Structural properties of alumina surfaces and their roles in the synthesis of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs)
  109. Nanoparticles for the potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: A physiopathological approach
  110. Current status of synthesis and consolidation strategies for thermo-resistant nanoalloys and their general applications
  111. Recent research progress on the stimuli-responsive smart membrane: A review
  112. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous cementitious materials: A review
  113. Applications of DNA tetrahedron nanostructure in cancer diagnosis and anticancer drugs delivery
  114. Magnetic nanoparticles in 3D-printed scaffolds for biomedical applications
  115. An overview of the synthesis of silicon carbide–boron carbide composite powders
  116. Organolead halide perovskites: Synthetic routes, structural features, and their potential in the development of photovoltaic
  117. Recent advancements in nanotechnology application on wood and bamboo materials: A review
  118. Application of aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials in molecular imaging of tumors
  119. Recent progress on corrosion mechanisms of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites
  120. Research progress on preparation, modification, and application of phenolic aerogel
  121. Application of nanomaterials in early diagnosis of cancer
  122. Plant mediated-green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: An insight into biomedical applications
  123. Recent developments in terahertz quantum cascade lasers for practical applications
  124. Recent progress in dielectric/metal/dielectric electrodes for foldable light-emitting devices
  125. Nanocoatings for ballistic applications: A review
  126. A mini-review on MoS2 membrane for water desalination: Recent development and challenges
  127. Recent updates in nanotechnological advances for wound healing: A narrative review
  128. Recent advances in DNA nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment
  129. Electrochemical micro- and nanobiosensors for in vivo reactive oxygen/nitrogen species measurement in the brain
  130. Advances in organic–inorganic nanocomposites for cancer imaging and therapy
  131. Advancements in aluminum matrix composites reinforced with carbides and graphene: A comprehensive review
  132. Modification effects of nanosilica on asphalt binders: A review
  133. Decellularized extracellular matrix as a promising biomaterial for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration
  134. Review of the sol–gel method in preparing nano TiO2 for advanced oxidation process
  135. Micro/nano manufacturing aircraft surface with anti-icing and deicing performances: An overview
  136. Cell type-targeting nanoparticles in treating central nervous system diseases: Challenges and hopes
  137. An overview of hydrogen production from Al-based materials
  138. A review of application, modification, and prospect of melamine foam
  139. A review of the performance of fibre-reinforced composite laminates with carbon nanotubes
  140. Research on AFM tip-related nanofabrication of two-dimensional materials
  141. Advances in phase change building materials: An overview
  142. Development of graphene and graphene quantum dots toward biomedical engineering applications: A review
  143. Nanoremediation approaches for the mitigation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables: An overview
  144. Photodynamic therapy empowered by nanotechnology for oral and dental science: Progress and perspectives
  145. Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles: Bioreduction and biomineralization
  146. Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and the role of nanomaterial-based theragnosis in combating the pandemic
  147. Application of two-dimensional black phosphorus material in wound healing
  148. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials and Composites for Energy Conversion and Storage - Part I
  149. Helical fluorinated carbon nanotubes/iron(iii) fluoride hybrid with multilevel transportation channels and rich active sites for lithium/fluorinated carbon primary battery
  150. The progress of cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries
  151. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Carbon Capture, Environment and Utilization for Energy Sustainability - Part I
  152. Effect of polypropylene fiber and nano-silica on the compressive strength and frost resistance of recycled brick aggregate concrete
  153. Mechanochemical design of nanomaterials for catalytic applications with a benign-by-design focus
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 13.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0526/html
Scroll to top button