Startseite Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width
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Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width

  • Hiba Jameel Alabedi EMAIL logo und Saleh Issa Khassaf
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 9. Februar 2024
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Aus der Zeitschrift Open Engineering Band 14 Heft 1

Abstract

A side or lateral weir can be defined as a longitudinal weir put in parallel to the main flow direction. A piano key side weir (PKSW) is one of the various side weirs used to control flow level, flow diversion, and flood harm prevention in dams and hydraulic systems. A side weir aims to keep the water level in the main channel at a specific level by discharging the overflow water into a side channel. The discharge coefficient of the PKSW was covered in this study by numerical modeling of a rectangular PKSW type B with various ratios of the crest length to the width in a straight channel. Results showed that the discharge coefficient of the PKSW was more affected by the L/W parameter when the other parameters were constant. It was noted that the PKSW discharge coefficient for L/W equal to 6 demonstrated a significantly higher level of performance and also found that increasing the upstream head above the side weir crest (h a/P) negatively affected the coefficient of discharge. It was concluded that a high capacity of the discharge coefficient required the (h a/P) ratio to be smaller than 0.75 or within the range (0.3 ≤ h a/P < 0.75).

Keywords: piano key side weir; numerical modeling; the discharge coefficient; flow-3D software

1 Introduction

A piano key weir (PKW) is a particular type of labyrinth that is used to increase the discharge capacity in the low head in the main channel, while a piano key side weir (PKSW) is a type of side weir that is put in parallel to the main flow direction, i.e., it is placed in the side of the main channel with a specific angle. The PKSW is defined as a non-linear weir and has a discharge greater than that of a linear weir due to expanding in length and width. The basic geometry structure of PKSW is the same as PKW but it is not the same in a location. The objective of a PKSW is to keep the water level in the main channel at a specific level by discharging the overflow water into a side channel. It is often used in irrigation techniques, wastewater networks, and flood prevention precautions. The PKW is a modern kind of nonlinear control structure with a relatively small slope spillway.

The standard design model of the PKW is not available, and there are large numbers of geometric parameters affecting the head-discharge performance of the PKSW [1]. Large attention is given to PKWs as a type of dam because of flood control, drinking water requirements, and the ability to power hydroelectric and irrigation [2]. The formative shape of PKW is a simple rectangular layout; therefore, the figuration of a rectangular styling is identical to the keys of a piano, and from this similarity, the PKW was named. The zigzag shape of PKW supplies further length that leads to a rise in the discharge capacity without a rise in the zone of submergence of upstream of the dam. The construction of the PKW becomes easier because of the rectangular layout by using precast units [3].

In 1998, the prefatory studies of PKW began by the non-governmental organization “Hydrocoop” (France); however, the final design was not yet agreed upon, but the major principle of overhangs was included. Improvements and research were then performed in collaboration with the Biskra University (Algeria) till a basic paper about the subject was published in 2003 by F. Lempérière (from Hydrocoop) and A. Ouamane (from Biskra) to simplify and improve the performance of labyrinth-type weirs installed on the smaller spillway footprints. Since 2003, hundreds of studies have been implemented in France, Algeria, India, China, and Vietnam [4]. All these studies and research had the same practical goals. Depending on the layout model of overhangs in the upstream and downstream, there are four types of PKW (A, B, C, and D) suggested by Lempérière et al. [4] as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 The side views of four types of PKW: (a) type A, (b) type B, (c) type C, and (d) type D [5].
Figure 1

The side views of four types of PKW: (a) type A, (b) type B, (c) type C, and (d) type D [5].

There is a large set of geometric parameters that are included in PKW geometry, it seems as an assemblage of several elements [6] as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Major parameters of PKW in three-dimensional view [6].
Figure 2

Major parameters of PKW in three-dimensional view [6].

There are relatively limited studies on PKSWs in the literature. One of the first studies to examine PKSW was conducted by Karimi et al. [7]. They studied the investigation and comparison of the free surface flow properties over PKSWs type C, rectangular labyrinth side weirs (RLSWs), and labyrinth side weirs (LSWs) in the straight channel. Results showed that PKSW and LSWs were more effective than equivalent linear side weirs. Mehri et al. [8] evaluated and analyzed a discharge coefficient of a PKSW type C, with specific descriptions at 30° and 120° portions of a channel with a longitudinal curvature. They found that both the discharge coefficient at 30° and 120° angles were influenced by the parameter P/h 1 of the PKSW, which increases with the increase in the discharge coefficient value. Seyedjavad et al. [9] studied the trapezoidal PKSW (TPKSW) type A in the straight channel. In this study, an empirical equation was used to calculate the coefficient of discharge of (TPKSW) type A. Also, Saghari et al. [10] focused on the impact of employing one or two cycles in the TPKSWs type A on the discharge coefficient at bend curvatures of 60°, 105°, and 150°, and the intake channels were orthogonal to the main channel. The study found that the C dL of the TPKSWs with one cycle was 1.4–2 times greater than that of the TPKSWs with two cycles. Karimi et al. [11] examined how the PKSWs performed through various key angles in the lab and with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. The results showed that the PKSW 30° has a higher discharge coefficient (C d) than the PKSW with other angles. Mehri et al. [12] compared the discharge coefficient of rectangular PKSWs (RPKSWs) with four types (A, B, C, and D) in the curved channel. The results show that, proposed an equation for each of A, B, C, and D type, and the P/h 1 ratio was the most effective parameter on the coefficient of discharge for all types of PKSWs. It was also found that the hydraulic performance of B type RPKSW was superior to that of other types at 120°. Kilic and Emiroglu [13] conducted an experimental investigation on the hydraulic properties of the TPKSW in straight channels, and evaluated the suitability of the De Marchi, Dominguez, and Schmidt methods by comparing the results obtained for TPKSW and generating a useful and reliable equation for TPKSW. The results showed that the discharge coefficient rose when the P/W ratio declined.

In the current study, a CFD technique by the Flow-3D software was utilized to simulate the hydraulic properties and discharge capacity of four PKSWs type B with various crest length-to-width ratios (L/W).

2 CFD modeling with Flow-3D software

This research solved the CFD problem using the Flow-3D software. With Flow-3D, engineers can view a variety of physical flow processes like microfluidics, hydropower, infrastructures, waves at sea, and many other industrial challenges. Therefore Flow-3D is a powerful and efficient simulation tool for CFD technology. Partial differential equations embody the conservation laws of momentum, energy, and mass govern fluid movement. These equations can be combined to form the Navier–Stoke equations [14]. A single nested mesh block, neighboring linked mesh blocks, or a combination of nested and linked mesh blocks can be used with Flow-3D, which uses an orthogonal coordinate system rather than a body-fitted one. Also, to locate obstacles, Flow-3D uses both a Fractional Area/Volume Obstacle Representation approach and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method [15] to determine the position of the free surface. The solutions from the numerical models in Flow-3D are typically used as checkpoints or physical model experiments before being used in real settings or calibrated using contrasts with field data [16].

3 Flow theory

The physical characteristics of this study take into account an incompressible, viscous fluid, with both the continuity and the momentum equations acting as the study’s governing equations. In the three-dimensional Cartesian (x, y, z) system, Flow-3D numerically solves the Navier–Stokes equations as a function of time (t) for the velocity components (u, v, w) and pressure in both compressible and incompressible forms [15]. The expressions of Naiver–stokes equations for the preservation of the mass continuity and momentum equations for this study with constant viscosity and density are, respectively, as follows [17]:

(1) ∂ u ∂ x + ∂ v ∂ y + ∂ w ∂ z = 0 ,

(2) ρ g x − ∂ P ∂ x + μ ∂ 2 u ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 u ∂ y 2 + ∂ 2 u ∂ z 2 = ρ ∂ u ∂ t ,

(3) ρ g y − ∂ P ∂ y + μ ∂ 2 v ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 v ∂ y 2 + ∂ 2 v ∂ z 2 = ρ ∂ v ∂ t ,

(4) ρ g z − ∂ P ∂ z + μ ∂ 2 w ∂ x 2 + ∂ 2 w ∂ y 2 + ∂ 2 w ∂ z 2 = ρ ∂ w ∂ t ,

where µ is the coefficient of viscosity, ρ is the density of the fluid, P is the pressure, g i is the gravity in the Cartesian (x, y, z) system, (u, v, w) are the components of velocity in (x, y, z) Cartesian system, and t is the time.

4 Description of PKSW models

To confirm the effectiveness and predictability of the current numerical study, four models of PKSW type B are simulated in Flow-3D software, to investigate the effect of L/W parameter on the discharge coefficient of PKSW in this study. The PKSW models were designed within a 2.5 mm thickness of sidewall boundary using 3D drawings and formed the flat top crest on all edges. The main study channel was rectangular flume of 15 m length, 0.30 m width in the cross-section, and 0.45 m height [3]. The work section of the simulation is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 The 3D sketch of the work section of the channel.
Figure 3

The 3D sketch of the work section of the channel.

Table 1 clarifies the geometric properties of the model, flow characteristics, and the fluid properties.

Table 1

Variables considered in the current study

Variables Definition
B Length upstream-downstream of the PKSW, for type B: B = B b + B o
B b The base length
B i Downstream overhang length (inlet key)
B o Upstream overhang length (outlet key)
W Total width of PKSW
W i The width of the inlet key
W o The width of the outlet key
P PKSW height
P d Height of dam
L Total developed crest length of PKSW
T s The thickness of the sidewall
Q Discharge at the main channel prior to the beginning of the PKSW (m3/s)
Q 1 The total discharge into the main channel at the upstream end of PKSW
Q 2 The total discharge into the main channel at the downstream end of PKSW
Q w Outflow discharge from PKSW
g The acceleration of gravity
C PW Discharge coefficient of the PKSW
h 1 Head of piezometric over the side weir at the upstream end
h 2 Head of piezometric over the side weir at the downstream end
h a An average head of piezometric over the side weir
ρ The mass density of water
µ The dynamic viscosity of water
σ Surface tension of water

The geometrical parameters of PKSW models used in simulation, are represented in Table 2.

Table 2

Geometrical Parameters and dimensions (in cm) of the PKSW models

Model B P Pd L/W W i/W o B/P B o/B Pd/P
B1 22 9 5.4 4 1 2.4 0.5 0.6
B2 15.5 6.5 3.9 3 1 2.4 0.5 0.6
B3 30 12.5 7.5 5 1 2.4 0.5 0.6
B4 37 15.4 9.2 6 1 2.4 0.5 0.6

Figure 4 shows the details of variables of PKSW type B model of this study in 3D view.

Figure 4 Sketch of PKSW model type B (3D view).
Figure 4

Sketch of PKSW model type B (3D view).

5 Numerical simulations set-up

By using the Flow-3D program, the CFD problem was solved. As a numerical method for locating and tracking the fluid’s free surface, this software uses the VOF method to simulate the flow phenomenon. A computational grid is created by separating the domain of the solution into cells, introducing a fractional volume function, which has a value of unity in cells that are full of fluid, zero in cells that are empty, and a value between 1 and 0 in cells that have a fluid-free surface [15].

For the simulation, only one fluid (water) was chosen, and a free surface or sharp interface was specified. 25 s was chosen as the finish time for all simulations for the models. Moreover, all simulations used the fluid characteristics at 20°C with SI units. In addition, the (k–e) turbulent model is the most popular choice since it is simple to solve, converges rather rapidly, and is based on recommendations in Flow Science [14]. All simulations were represented in three dimensions, so that this study used two mesh blocks, one for main channel and the other for the side channel with the model of PKSW. Starting with a relatively big mesh and gradually reducing it until the desired output no longer varies significantly with subsequent mesh size reductions is an efficient technique to discover the decisive mesh size, as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Mesh arrangement used in PKSW modeling.
Figure 5

Mesh arrangement used in PKSW modeling.

One of the key components in the development and success of the simulation process was the cubic shape of the mesh cells in the blocks of Flow-3D software because mesh and cell size are fundamental elements of any simulation of a numerical model [18]. Therefore, in the present study, the mesh cells were selected as total cells for the mesh blocks to determine which cell size satisfies the phenomenon requirements of flowing in the PKSW. The total number of cells used in this study to best represent each of the PKSW models ranged between 700,000 and 1,600,000 as an option for the total number of cells. Figure 6 represents the comparison of the sensitivity of the total number of cells that it used.

Figure 6 Appreciation of mesh sensitivity to the total cells used in the PKSW model.
Figure 6

Appreciation of mesh sensitivity to the total cells used in the PKSW model.

While boundary conditions include three axes (X, Y, and Z), and each axis has Min. and Max. values. In the current study, the X-direction denotes the channel’s length, the Y-direction denotes its width, the Z-direction denotes its height, and the origin point is located at the start of the upstream channels. 25 s is the finish time used to reach the steady-state condition. Figure 7 shows the configuration of the boundary conditions selected.

Figure 7 The applied boundary conditions for PKSW modeling.
Figure 7

The applied boundary conditions for PKSW modeling.

6 Verification model

One of the main aims of this research is the verification between numerical and experimental results, and utilizing the data from the experiments that are offered by Karimi et al. [7], the numerical simulation was verified, through CFD modeling of the PKSW by the Flow-3D software. In the research chosen, the type of the PKSW is rectangular (RPKSW) type C and placed in the side channel that was orthogonal to the main channel. The dimensions of the tested PKSW are listed in Table 3. To achieve successful outcomes in a numerical simulation of the laboratory model, a two-mesh block format was used, with the cell size in the range of 0.001–0.002 mm in the two-mesh, and a time of 25 s required to reach a steady state. The time needed to obtain the results is 5 days.

Table 3

Dimensions of the tested PKSW [7]

Model P (cm) B (cm) B b (cm) B i (cm) P d (cm) L/W
M1 5 16 8 8 0 2

The boundary condition shown in Figure 8 was applied in this simulation, while Figure 9 shows the results of the flow pattern on the tested PKSW of the verification study.

Figure 8 The boundary condition applied in the PKSW of the verification study.
Figure 8

The boundary condition applied in the PKSW of the verification study.

Figure 9 The flow pattern on the tested PKSW of the verification study.
Figure 9

The flow pattern on the tested PKSW of the verification study.

After a comparison between experimental data and numerical results from Flow-3D using the range of the discharge coefficients, calculation of the difference between the results has been made by the Mean Absolute Relative Error (MARE) stated in equation (5).

(5) MARE = C M experimental − C M numerical C M experimental .

The results of both the numerical and experimental tests shows a significant level of agreement with a range of about 9.54–5.25%, as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10 Results of the comparison of discharge coefficient between experimental and numerical data of the verification study.
Figure 10

Results of the comparison of discharge coefficient between experimental and numerical data of the verification study.

7 The results of Flow-3D

The Flow-3D program was used in this study to run 20 simulation instances for 4 PKSWs with different L/W ratios (L/W = 3, 4, 5, and 6). As a consequence, depending on the chosen physics, number of cells, modeling time, etc., the time needed to obtain the results of the present research is approximately 1–3 days. Figures 11–14 show the flow over the PKSWs with different L/W ratios.

Figure 11 The flow over PKSW model (B2 with L/W = 3).
Figure 11

The flow over PKSW model (B2 with L/W = 3).

Figure 12 The flow over PKSW model (B1 with L/W = 4).
Figure 12

The flow over PKSW model (B1 with L/W = 4).

Figure 13 The flow over PKSW model (B3 with L/W = 5).
Figure 13

The flow over PKSW model (B3 with L/W = 5).

Figure 14 The flow over PKSW model (B4 with L/W = 6).
Figure 14

The flow over PKSW model (B4 with L/W = 6).

8 Measurement of the discharge coefficient

Due to the spatially variable flow at the side weir, the flow conditions in the main channel are spatially variable flow with decreasing discharge [12]. As a function of weir length (q), the equation for the discharge flowing over the side weir is written as follows:

(6) q = − d Q d x = d Q w d x = 2 3 C d 2 g ( y 1 − P ) 1.5 ,

where Q is the discharge of the main channel, x is the distance from the starting of the side weir, Q w is the discharge over the side weir, C d is the main discharge coefficient, g is the acceleration of gravity, y 1 is the depth of flow at the upstream end of the side weir, P is the height of side weir, and (y 1 − P) represents the head of piezometric over the side weir.

By using Schmidt’s method [19], which is satisfied when the flow rate in the river regime has been reached and sustained, the discharge coefficient for the current study was calculated and assigned by the abbreviation C PW.

(7) Q w = C PW 2 3 2 g W h a 1.5 ,

(8) h a = 1 2 ( h 1 + h 2 ) ,

where W is the total width of PKSW, h a is defined as an average head of piezometric over the side weir, h 1 is the head of piezometric over the weir at the upstream end, and h 2 is the head of piezometric over the weir at the downstream end.

9 Effect of the hydraulic parameter (h a/P)

After completing the numerical tests and analyzing them to obtain the basic objectives of this research, the data generated from the Flow-3D software were analyzed on the four models of the PKSW type B and at several discharges (starting from about 30–45 l/s) in the main channel during free flow conditions. In this study, the great importance of the factor h a/P was taken into account in the discharge above the PKSW, and its importance comes from the fact that it represents the upstream head above the crest of the side weir. It is clear from the data in Figure 15 that increasing the head over the side weir has negative effects on the discharge coefficient (C pw). The behavior of the flow through the inlet, outlet, and side crests may provide an explanation for this. The ratio h a/P is measured in a range of around (0.322–1.477). In the vicinity of low h a/P values, roughly between 0.3 and 0.75, it appears that the discharge coefficient is reduced more quickly. The reduction becomes moderately reduced after this range. This suggests that only when h a/P is in the lower range (about less than 0.75), the geometrical characteristics may raise or reduce the discharge capacity significantly.

Figure 15 The variation in C pw discharge coefficient vs h a/P for different L/W ratios of the PKSW type B.
Figure 15

The variation in C pw discharge coefficient vs h a/P for different L/W ratios of the PKSW type B.

10 Effect of the crest length to the width of the PKSW (L/W)

In this research, four models of PKSW were tested with different ratios of crest length to the width of the PKSW (L/W), and it was shown by reviewing the results that L/W is a very important factor affecting the discharge coefficient. Figure 15 shows the results of the analysis of the four models, namely, B1(L/W = 4), B2(L/W = 3), B3(L/W = 5), and B4(L/W = 6).

The ratio L/W = 5, which fulfills the geometry proposed by Lempérière et al. [4], is used to determine the percentage change of C pw for this group of models in comparison to model B3. The data are in various h a/P ranges, as seen. Their various heights (P) provide an explanation for this. Figure 16 shows the relationship between the C pw and the head (h a).

Figure 16 The relationship between the C pw and the head (h a) for different L/W ratios of PKSW.
Figure 16

The relationship between the C pw and the head (h a) for different L/W ratios of PKSW.

After the comparison of the C pw of different models, the results as shown in Figure 15, the model B4 with L/W = 6 has the highest range of the discharge coefficient and is more efficient than model B3 (L/W = 5) by about 17–27%. While model B1 (L/W = 4) is less efficient than model B3 by about 20–22%. Also, model B2 (L/W = 3) is lesser in capacity compared with model B3 by about 45%. The L/W ratio had to be increased for type B and impacts only the low head ratio; therefore, when the head rises, there is increased submergence at the outlet key, which reduces the side weir performance [20].

Finally, it should be clear that L/W has a significant impact on the PKSW discharge capacity, which can increase to a maximum level if L/W is increased while the other parameters remain the same and the ratio (h a/P) is maintained at or below 0.75. This is due to an increase in the flow path of the PKSW, and this behavior is comparable to that of frontal configurations of piano keys and labyrinth weirs [7].

11 Conclusion

Since the CFD methodology was applied, Flow-3D’s capacity to represent the flow over the side weir has improved. This was found by numerically simulating the behavior of the flow rate going over the PKSW using settings in the Flow-3D software. In this research, numerical studies have been performed on four models of PKSW type B with different ratios of the crest length to the width (L/W) of PKSW, to determine the discharge coefficient. These ratios are L/W = 3, 4, 5, and 6.

The important results that could be obtained through this study are as follows:

  1. As a conclusion to the current study, it can be observed that L/W has a significant impact on the PKSW discharge capacity and can increase to a maximum level when all other parameters are held constant, this is caused by an increase in the PKSW’s flow path.

  2. When comparing the model (L/W = 5) to the other models, it was noted that the discharge coefficient was highest when (L/W = 6), because its efficiency was higher by about (17–27%).

  3. The two models L/W = 4 and L/W = 3 are lower by about (20–22%) and 45%, respectively.

  4. The effect of h a/P on the coefficient of discharge was also noted, it was found that increasing the h a/P negatively affects the coefficient of discharge.

  5. In order to obtain a high capacity for the discharge coefficient, the ratio (h a/P) is smaller than 0.75 or between the range (0.3 ≤ h a/P < 0.75).

  1. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

  2. Data availability statement: Most datasets generated and analyzed in this study are comprised in this submitted manuscript. The other datasets are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author with the attached information.

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Received: 2023-07-12
Revised: 2023-08-07
Accepted: 2023-09-05
Published Online: 2024-02-09

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  25. Thermal analysis of Fe3O4–Cu/water over a cone: a fractional Maxwell model
  26. Radial–axial runner blade design using the coordinate slice technique
  27. Theoretical and experimental comparison between straight and curved continuous box girders
  28. Effect of the reinforcement ratio on the mechanical behaviour of textile-reinforced concrete composite: Experiment and numerical modeling
  29. Experimental and numerical investigation on composite beam–column joint connection behavior using different types of connection schemes
  30. Enhanced performance and robustness in anti-lock brake systems using barrier function-based integral sliding mode control
  31. Evaluation of the creep strength of samples produced by fused deposition modeling
  32. A combined feedforward-feedback controller design for nonlinear systems
  33. Effect of adjacent structures on footing settlement for different multi-building arrangements
  34. Analyzing the impact of curved tracks on wheel flange thickness reduction in railway systems
  35. Review Articles
  36. Mechanical and smart properties of cement nanocomposites containing nanomaterials: A brief review
  37. Applications of nanotechnology and nanoproduction techniques
  38. Relationship between indoor environmental quality and guests’ comfort and satisfaction at green hotels: A comprehensive review
  39. Communication
  40. Techniques to mitigate the admission of radon inside buildings
  41. Erratum
  42. Erratum to “Effect of short heat treatment on mechanical properties and shape memory properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy”
  43. Special Issue: AESMT-3 - Part II
  44. Integrated fuzzy logic and multicriteria decision model methods for selecting suitable sites for wastewater treatment plant: A case study in the center of Basrah, Iraq
  45. Physical and mechanical response of porous metals composites with nano-natural additives
  46. Special Issue: AESMT-4 - Part II
  47. New recycling method of lubricant oil and the effect on the viscosity and viscous shear as an environmentally friendly
  48. Identify the effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of aluminum matrix composite produced by powder metallurgy technique
  49. Static behavior of piled raft foundation in clay
  50. Ultra-low-power CMOS ring oscillator with minimum power consumption of 2.9 pW using low-voltage biasing technique
  51. Using ANN for well type identifying and increasing production from Sa’di formation of Halfaya oil field – Iraq
  52. Optimizing the performance of concrete tiles using nano-papyrus and carbon fibers
  53. Special Issue: AESMT-5 - Part II
  54. Comparative the effect of distribution transformer coil shape on electromagnetic forces and their distribution using the FEM
  55. The complex of Weyl module in free characteristic in the event of a partition (7,5,3)
  56. Restrained captive domination number
  57. Experimental study of improving hot mix asphalt reinforced with carbon fibers
  58. Asphalt binder modified with recycled tyre rubber
  59. Thermal performance of radiant floor cooling with phase change material for energy-efficient buildings
  60. Surveying the prediction of risks in cryptocurrency investments using recurrent neural networks
  61. A deep reinforcement learning framework to modify LQR for an active vibration control applied to 2D building models
  62. Evaluation of mechanically stabilized earth retaining walls for different soil–structure interaction methods: A review
  63. Assessment of heat transfer in a triangular duct with different configurations of ribs using computational fluid dynamics
  64. Sulfate removal from wastewater by using waste material as an adsorbent
  65. Experimental investigation on strengthening lap joints subjected to bending in glulam timber beams using CFRP sheets
  66. A study of the vibrations of a rotor bearing suspended by a hybrid spring system of shape memory alloys
  67. Stability analysis of Hub dam under rapid drawdown
  68. Developing ANFIS-FMEA model for assessment and prioritization of potential trouble factors in Iraqi building projects
  69. Numerical and experimental comparison study of piled raft foundation
  70. Effect of asphalt modified with waste engine oil on the durability properties of hot asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement
  71. Hydraulic model for flood inundation in Diyala River Basin using HEC-RAS, PMP, and neural network
  72. Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width
  73. The optimal allocation of thyristor-controlled series compensators for enhancement HVAC transmission lines Iraqi super grid by using seeker optimization algorithm
  74. Numerical and experimental study of the impact on aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil
  75. Effect of nano-TiO2 on physical and rheological properties of asphalt cement
  76. Performance evolution of novel palm leaf powder used for enhancing hot mix asphalt
  77. Performance analysis, evaluation, and improvement of selected unsignalized intersection using SIDRA software – Case study
  78. Flexural behavior of RC beams externally reinforced with CFRP composites using various strategies
  79. Influence of fiber types on the properties of the artificial cold-bonded lightweight aggregates
  80. Experimental investigation of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded BFRP composites
  81. Generalized RKM methods for solving fifth-order quasi-linear fractional partial differential equation
  82. An experimental and numerical study investigating sediment transport position in the bed of sewer pipes in Karbala
  83. Role of individual component failure in the performance of a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system: A Markov model approach
  84. Implementation for the cases (5, 4) and (5, 4)/(2, 0)
  85. Center group actions and related concepts
  86. Experimental investigation of the effect of horizontal construction joints on the behavior of deep beams
  87. Deletion of a vertex in even sum domination
  88. Deep learning techniques in concrete powder mix designing
  89. Effect of loading type in concrete deep beam with strut reinforcement
  90. Studying the effect of using CFRP warping on strength of husk rice concrete columns
  91. Parametric analysis of the influence of climatic factors on the formation of traditional buildings in the city of Al Najaf
  92. Suitability location for landfill using a fuzzy-GIS model: A case study in Hillah, Iraq
  93. Hybrid approach for cost estimation of sustainable building projects using artificial neural networks
  94. Assessment of indirect tensile stress and tensile–strength ratio and creep compliance in HMA mixes with micro-silica and PMB
  95. Density functional theory to study stopping power of proton in water, lung, bladder, and intestine
  96. A review of single flow, flow boiling, and coating microchannel studies
  97. Effect of GFRP bar length on the flexural behavior of hybrid concrete beams strengthened with NSM bars
  98. Exploring the impact of parameters on flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels and coated microtubes: A comprehensive review
  99. Crumb rubber modification for enhanced rutting resistance in asphalt mixtures
  100. Special Issue: AESMT-6
  101. Design of a new sorting colors system based on PLC, TIA portal, and factory I/O programs
  102. Forecasting empirical formula for suspended sediment load prediction at upstream of Al-Kufa barrage, Kufa City, Iraq
  103. Optimization and characterization of sustainable geopolymer mortars based on palygorskite clay, water glass, and sodium hydroxide
  104. Sediment transport modelling upstream of Al Kufa Barrage
  105. Study of energy loss, range, and stopping time for proton in germanium and copper materials
  106. Effect of internal and external recycle ratios on the nutrient removal efficiency of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (VIP) wastewater treatment plant
  107. Enhancing structural behaviour of polypropylene fibre concrete columns longitudinally reinforced with fibreglass bars
  108. Sustainable road paving: Enhancing concrete paver blocks with zeolite-enhanced cement
  109. Evaluation of the operational performance of Karbala waste water treatment plant under variable flow using GPS-X model
  110. Design and simulation of photonic crystal fiber for highly sensitive chemical sensing applications
  111. Optimization and design of a new column sequencing for crude oil distillation at Basrah refinery
  112. Inductive 3D numerical modelling of the tibia bone using MRI to examine von Mises stress and overall deformation
  113. An image encryption method based on modified elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and Hill Cipher
  114. Experimental investigation of generating superheated steam using a parabolic dish with a cylindrical cavity receiver: A case study
  115. Effect of surface roughness on the interface behavior of clayey soils
  116. Investigated of the optical properties for SiO2 by using Lorentz model
  117. Measurements of induced vibrations due to steel pipe pile driving in Al-Fao soil: Effect of partial end closure
  118. Experimental and numerical studies of ballistic resistance of hybrid sandwich composite body armor
  119. Evaluation of clay layer presence on shallow foundation settlement in dry sand under an earthquake
  120. Optimal design of mechanical performances of asphalt mixtures comprising nano-clay additives
  121. Advancing seismic performance: Isolators, TMDs, and multi-level strategies in reinforced concrete buildings
  122. Predicted evaporation in Basrah using artificial neural networks
  123. Energy management system for a small town to enhance quality of life
  124. Numerical study on entropy minimization in pipes with helical airfoil and CuO nanoparticle integration
  125. Equations and methodologies of inlet drainage system discharge coefficients: A review
  126. Thermal buckling analysis for hybrid and composite laminated plate by using new displacement function
  127. Investigation into the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight mortar using commercial beads or recycled expanded polystyrene
  128. Experimental and theoretical analysis of single-jet column and concrete column using double-jet grouting technique applied at Al-Rashdia site
  129. The impact of incorporating waste materials on the mechanical and physical characteristics of tile adhesive materials
  130. Seismic resilience: Innovations in structural engineering for earthquake-prone areas
  131. Automatic human identification using fingerprint images based on Gabor filter and SIFT features fusion
  132. Performance of GRKM-method for solving classes of ordinary and partial differential equations of sixth-orders
  133. Visible light-boosted photodegradation activity of Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 supported heterojunctions for effective degradation of organic contaminates
  134. Production of sustainable concrete with treated cement kiln dust and iron slag waste aggregate
  135. Key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete-ribbed slabs: A review
  136. A comparative analysis of the energy dissipation efficiency of various piano key weir types
  137. Special Issue: Transport 2022 - Part II
  138. Variability in road surface temperature in urban road network – A case study making use of mobile measurements
  139. Special Issue: BCEE5-2023
  140. Evaluation of reclaimed asphalt mixtures rejuvenated with waste engine oil to resist rutting deformation
  141. Assessment of potential resistance to moisture damage and fatigue cracks of asphalt mixture modified with ground granulated blast furnace slag
  142. Investigating seismic response in adjacent structures: A study on the impact of buildings’ orientation and distance considering soil–structure interaction
  143. Improvement of porosity of mortar using polyethylene glycol pre-polymer-impregnated mortar
  144. Three-dimensional analysis of steel beam-column bolted connections
  145. Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery
  146. Performance evaluation of grouted porous asphalt concrete
  147. Optimization of local modified metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete by Taguchi method
  148. Effect of waste tire products on some characteristics of roller-compacted concrete
  149. Studying the lateral displacement of retaining wall supporting sandy soil under dynamic loads
  150. Seismic performance evaluation of concrete buttress dram (Dynamic linear analysis)
  151. Behavior of soil reinforced with micropiles
  152. Possibility of production high strength lightweight concrete containing organic waste aggregate and recycled steel fibers
  153. An investigation of self-sensing and mechanical properties of smart engineered cementitious composites reinforced with functional materials
  154. Forecasting changes in precipitation and temperatures of a regional watershed in Northern Iraq using LARS-WG model
  155. Experimental investigation of dynamic soil properties for modeling energy-absorbing layers
  156. Numerical investigation of the effect of longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio on the ductility of concrete beams
  157. An experimental study on the tensile properties of reinforced asphalt pavement
  158. Self-sensing behavior of hot asphalt mixture with steel fiber-based additive
  159. Behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete deep beams reinforced by basalt fibers
  160. Optimizing asphalt binder performance with various PET types
  161. Investigation of the hydraulic characteristics and homogeneity of the microstructure of the air voids in the sustainable rigid pavement
  162. Enhanced biogas production from municipal solid waste via digestion with cow manure: A case study
  163. Special Issue: AESMT-7 - Part I
  164. Preparation and investigation of cobalt nanoparticles by laser ablation: Structure, linear, and nonlinear optical properties
  165. Seismic analysis of RC building with plan irregularity in Baghdad/Iraq to obtain the optimal behavior
  166. The effect of urban environment on large-scale path loss model’s main parameters for mmWave 5G mobile network in Iraq
  167. Formatting a questionnaire for the quality control of river bank roads
  168. Vibration suppression of smart composite beam using model predictive controller
  169. Machine learning-based compressive strength estimation in nanomaterial-modified lightweight concrete
  170. In-depth analysis of critical factors affecting Iraqi construction projects performance
  171. Behavior of container berth structure under the influence of environmental and operational loads
  172. Energy absorption and impact response of ballistic resistance laminate
  173. Effect of water-absorbent polymer balls in internal curing on punching shear behavior of bubble slabs
  174. Effect of surface roughness on interface shear strength parameters of sandy soils
  175. Evaluating the interaction for embedded H-steel section in normal concrete under monotonic and repeated loads
  176. Estimation of the settlement of pile head using ANN and multivariate linear regression based on the results of load transfer method
  177. Enhancing communication: Deep learning for Arabic sign language translation
  178. A review of recent studies of both heat pipe and evaporative cooling in passive heat recovery
  179. Effect of nano-silica on the mechanical properties of LWC
  180. An experimental study of some mechanical properties and absorption for polymer-modified cement mortar modified with superplasticizer
  181. Digital beamforming enhancement with LSTM-based deep learning for millimeter wave transmission
  182. Developing an efficient planning process for heritage buildings maintenance in Iraq
  183. Design and optimization of two-stage controller for three-phase multi-converter/multi-machine electric vehicle
  184. Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al1050/Al2O3/Gr composite processed by forming operation ECAP
  185. Calculations of mass stopping power and range of protons in organic compounds (CH3OH, CH2O, and CO2) at energy range of 0.01–1,000 MeV
  186. Investigation of in vitro behavior of composite coating hydroxyapatite-nano silver on 316L stainless steel substrate by electrophoretic technic for biomedical tools
  187. A review: Enhancing tribological properties of journal bearings composite materials
  188. Improvements in the randomness and security of digital currency using the photon sponge hash function through Maiorana–McFarland S-box replacement
  189. Design a new scheme for image security using a deep learning technique of hierarchical parameters
  190. Special Issue: ICES 2023
  191. Comparative geotechnical analysis for ultimate bearing capacity of precast concrete piles using cone resistance measurements
  192. Visualizing sustainable rainwater harvesting: A case study of Karbala Province
  193. Geogrid reinforcement for improving bearing capacity and stability of square foundations
  194. Evaluation of the effluent concentrations of Karbala wastewater treatment plant using reliability analysis
  195. Adsorbent made with inexpensive, local resources
  196. Effect of drain pipes on seepage and slope stability through a zoned earth dam
  197. Sediment accumulation in an 8 inch sewer pipe for a sample of various particles obtained from the streets of Karbala city, Iraq
  198. Special Issue: IETAS 2024 - Part I
  199. Analyzing the impact of transfer learning on explanation accuracy in deep learning-based ECG recognition systems
  200. Effect of scale factor on the dynamic response of frame foundations
  201. Improving multi-object detection and tracking with deep learning, DeepSORT, and frame cancellation techniques
  202. The impact of using prestressed CFRP bars on the development of flexural strength
  203. Assessment of surface hardness and impact strength of denture base resins reinforced with silver–titanium dioxide and silver–zirconium dioxide nanoparticles: In vitro study
  204. A data augmentation approach to enhance breast cancer detection using generative adversarial and artificial neural networks
  205. Modification of the 5D Lorenz chaotic map with fuzzy numbers for video encryption in cloud computing
  206. Special Issue: 51st KKBN - Part I
  207. Evaluation of static bending caused damage of glass-fiber composite structure using terahertz inspection
https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0536
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
piano key side weir; numerical modeling; the discharge coefficient; flow-3D software
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Methodology of automated quality management
  3. Influence of vibratory conveyor design parameters on the trough motion and the self-synchronization of inertial vibrators
  4. Application of finite element method in industrial design, example of an electric motorcycle design project
  5. Correlative evaluation of the corrosion resilience and passivation properties of zinc and aluminum alloys in neutral chloride and acid-chloride solutions
  6. Will COVID “encourage” B2B and data exchange engineering in logistic firms?
  7. Influence of unsupported sleepers on flange climb derailment of two freight wagons
  8. A hybrid detection algorithm for 5G OTFS waveform for 64 and 256 QAM with Rayleigh and Rician channels
  9. Effect of short heat treatment on mechanical properties and shape memory properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy
  10. Exploring the potential of ammonia and hydrogen as alternative fuels for transportation
  11. Impact of insulation on energy consumption and CO2 emissions in high-rise commercial buildings at various climate zones
  12. Advanced autopilot design with extremum-seeking control for aircraft control
  13. Adaptive multidimensional trust-based recommendation model for peer to peer applications
  14. Effects of CFRP sheets on the flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beam
  15. Enhancing urban sustainability through industrial synergy: A multidisciplinary framework for integrating sustainable industrial practices within urban settings – The case of Hamadan industrial city
  16. Advanced vibrant controller results of an energetic framework structure
  17. Application of the Taguchi method and RSM for process parameter optimization in AWSJ machining of CFRP composite-based orthopedic implants
  18. Improved correlation of soil modulus with SPT N values
  19. Technologies for high-temperature batch annealing of grain-oriented electrical steel: An overview
  20. Assessing the need for the adoption of digitalization in Indian small and medium enterprises
  21. A non-ideal hybridization issue for vertical TFET-based dielectric-modulated biosensor
  22. Optimizing data retrieval for enhanced data integrity verification in cloud environments
  23. Performance analysis of nonlinear crosstalk of WDM systems using modulation schemes criteria
  24. Nonlinear finite-element analysis of RC beams with various opening near supports
  25. Thermal analysis of Fe3O4–Cu/water over a cone: a fractional Maxwell model
  26. Radial–axial runner blade design using the coordinate slice technique
  27. Theoretical and experimental comparison between straight and curved continuous box girders
  28. Effect of the reinforcement ratio on the mechanical behaviour of textile-reinforced concrete composite: Experiment and numerical modeling
  29. Experimental and numerical investigation on composite beam–column joint connection behavior using different types of connection schemes
  30. Enhanced performance and robustness in anti-lock brake systems using barrier function-based integral sliding mode control
  31. Evaluation of the creep strength of samples produced by fused deposition modeling
  32. A combined feedforward-feedback controller design for nonlinear systems
  33. Effect of adjacent structures on footing settlement for different multi-building arrangements
  34. Analyzing the impact of curved tracks on wheel flange thickness reduction in railway systems
  35. Review Articles
  36. Mechanical and smart properties of cement nanocomposites containing nanomaterials: A brief review
  37. Applications of nanotechnology and nanoproduction techniques
  38. Relationship between indoor environmental quality and guests’ comfort and satisfaction at green hotels: A comprehensive review
  39. Communication
  40. Techniques to mitigate the admission of radon inside buildings
  41. Erratum
  42. Erratum to “Effect of short heat treatment on mechanical properties and shape memory properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy”
  43. Special Issue: AESMT-3 - Part II
  44. Integrated fuzzy logic and multicriteria decision model methods for selecting suitable sites for wastewater treatment plant: A case study in the center of Basrah, Iraq
  45. Physical and mechanical response of porous metals composites with nano-natural additives
  46. Special Issue: AESMT-4 - Part II
  47. New recycling method of lubricant oil and the effect on the viscosity and viscous shear as an environmentally friendly
  48. Identify the effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of aluminum matrix composite produced by powder metallurgy technique
  49. Static behavior of piled raft foundation in clay
  50. Ultra-low-power CMOS ring oscillator with minimum power consumption of 2.9 pW using low-voltage biasing technique
  51. Using ANN for well type identifying and increasing production from Sa’di formation of Halfaya oil field – Iraq
  52. Optimizing the performance of concrete tiles using nano-papyrus and carbon fibers
  53. Special Issue: AESMT-5 - Part II
  54. Comparative the effect of distribution transformer coil shape on electromagnetic forces and their distribution using the FEM
  55. The complex of Weyl module in free characteristic in the event of a partition (7,5,3)
  56. Restrained captive domination number
  57. Experimental study of improving hot mix asphalt reinforced with carbon fibers
  58. Asphalt binder modified with recycled tyre rubber
  59. Thermal performance of radiant floor cooling with phase change material for energy-efficient buildings
  60. Surveying the prediction of risks in cryptocurrency investments using recurrent neural networks
  61. A deep reinforcement learning framework to modify LQR for an active vibration control applied to 2D building models
  62. Evaluation of mechanically stabilized earth retaining walls for different soil–structure interaction methods: A review
  63. Assessment of heat transfer in a triangular duct with different configurations of ribs using computational fluid dynamics
  64. Sulfate removal from wastewater by using waste material as an adsorbent
  65. Experimental investigation on strengthening lap joints subjected to bending in glulam timber beams using CFRP sheets
  66. A study of the vibrations of a rotor bearing suspended by a hybrid spring system of shape memory alloys
  67. Stability analysis of Hub dam under rapid drawdown
  68. Developing ANFIS-FMEA model for assessment and prioritization of potential trouble factors in Iraqi building projects
  69. Numerical and experimental comparison study of piled raft foundation
  70. Effect of asphalt modified with waste engine oil on the durability properties of hot asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement
  71. Hydraulic model for flood inundation in Diyala River Basin using HEC-RAS, PMP, and neural network
  72. Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width
  73. The optimal allocation of thyristor-controlled series compensators for enhancement HVAC transmission lines Iraqi super grid by using seeker optimization algorithm
  74. Numerical and experimental study of the impact on aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil
  75. Effect of nano-TiO2 on physical and rheological properties of asphalt cement
  76. Performance evolution of novel palm leaf powder used for enhancing hot mix asphalt
  77. Performance analysis, evaluation, and improvement of selected unsignalized intersection using SIDRA software – Case study
  78. Flexural behavior of RC beams externally reinforced with CFRP composites using various strategies
  79. Influence of fiber types on the properties of the artificial cold-bonded lightweight aggregates
  80. Experimental investigation of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded BFRP composites
  81. Generalized RKM methods for solving fifth-order quasi-linear fractional partial differential equation
  82. An experimental and numerical study investigating sediment transport position in the bed of sewer pipes in Karbala
  83. Role of individual component failure in the performance of a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system: A Markov model approach
  84. Implementation for the cases (5, 4) and (5, 4)/(2, 0)
  85. Center group actions and related concepts
  86. Experimental investigation of the effect of horizontal construction joints on the behavior of deep beams
  87. Deletion of a vertex in even sum domination
  88. Deep learning techniques in concrete powder mix designing
  89. Effect of loading type in concrete deep beam with strut reinforcement
  90. Studying the effect of using CFRP warping on strength of husk rice concrete columns
  91. Parametric analysis of the influence of climatic factors on the formation of traditional buildings in the city of Al Najaf
  92. Suitability location for landfill using a fuzzy-GIS model: A case study in Hillah, Iraq
  93. Hybrid approach for cost estimation of sustainable building projects using artificial neural networks
  94. Assessment of indirect tensile stress and tensile–strength ratio and creep compliance in HMA mixes with micro-silica and PMB
  95. Density functional theory to study stopping power of proton in water, lung, bladder, and intestine
  96. A review of single flow, flow boiling, and coating microchannel studies
  97. Effect of GFRP bar length on the flexural behavior of hybrid concrete beams strengthened with NSM bars
  98. Exploring the impact of parameters on flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels and coated microtubes: A comprehensive review
  99. Crumb rubber modification for enhanced rutting resistance in asphalt mixtures
  100. Special Issue: AESMT-6
  101. Design of a new sorting colors system based on PLC, TIA portal, and factory I/O programs
  102. Forecasting empirical formula for suspended sediment load prediction at upstream of Al-Kufa barrage, Kufa City, Iraq
  103. Optimization and characterization of sustainable geopolymer mortars based on palygorskite clay, water glass, and sodium hydroxide
  104. Sediment transport modelling upstream of Al Kufa Barrage
  105. Study of energy loss, range, and stopping time for proton in germanium and copper materials
  106. Effect of internal and external recycle ratios on the nutrient removal efficiency of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (VIP) wastewater treatment plant
  107. Enhancing structural behaviour of polypropylene fibre concrete columns longitudinally reinforced with fibreglass bars
  108. Sustainable road paving: Enhancing concrete paver blocks with zeolite-enhanced cement
  109. Evaluation of the operational performance of Karbala waste water treatment plant under variable flow using GPS-X model
  110. Design and simulation of photonic crystal fiber for highly sensitive chemical sensing applications
  111. Optimization and design of a new column sequencing for crude oil distillation at Basrah refinery
  112. Inductive 3D numerical modelling of the tibia bone using MRI to examine von Mises stress and overall deformation
  113. An image encryption method based on modified elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and Hill Cipher
  114. Experimental investigation of generating superheated steam using a parabolic dish with a cylindrical cavity receiver: A case study
  115. Effect of surface roughness on the interface behavior of clayey soils
  116. Investigated of the optical properties for SiO2 by using Lorentz model
  117. Measurements of induced vibrations due to steel pipe pile driving in Al-Fao soil: Effect of partial end closure
  118. Experimental and numerical studies of ballistic resistance of hybrid sandwich composite body armor
  119. Evaluation of clay layer presence on shallow foundation settlement in dry sand under an earthquake
  120. Optimal design of mechanical performances of asphalt mixtures comprising nano-clay additives
  121. Advancing seismic performance: Isolators, TMDs, and multi-level strategies in reinforced concrete buildings
  122. Predicted evaporation in Basrah using artificial neural networks
  123. Energy management system for a small town to enhance quality of life
  124. Numerical study on entropy minimization in pipes with helical airfoil and CuO nanoparticle integration
  125. Equations and methodologies of inlet drainage system discharge coefficients: A review
  126. Thermal buckling analysis for hybrid and composite laminated plate by using new displacement function
  127. Investigation into the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight mortar using commercial beads or recycled expanded polystyrene
  128. Experimental and theoretical analysis of single-jet column and concrete column using double-jet grouting technique applied at Al-Rashdia site
  129. The impact of incorporating waste materials on the mechanical and physical characteristics of tile adhesive materials
  130. Seismic resilience: Innovations in structural engineering for earthquake-prone areas
  131. Automatic human identification using fingerprint images based on Gabor filter and SIFT features fusion
  132. Performance of GRKM-method for solving classes of ordinary and partial differential equations of sixth-orders
  133. Visible light-boosted photodegradation activity of Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 supported heterojunctions for effective degradation of organic contaminates
  134. Production of sustainable concrete with treated cement kiln dust and iron slag waste aggregate
  135. Key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete-ribbed slabs: A review
  136. A comparative analysis of the energy dissipation efficiency of various piano key weir types
  137. Special Issue: Transport 2022 - Part II
  138. Variability in road surface temperature in urban road network – A case study making use of mobile measurements
  139. Special Issue: BCEE5-2023
  140. Evaluation of reclaimed asphalt mixtures rejuvenated with waste engine oil to resist rutting deformation
  141. Assessment of potential resistance to moisture damage and fatigue cracks of asphalt mixture modified with ground granulated blast furnace slag
  142. Investigating seismic response in adjacent structures: A study on the impact of buildings’ orientation and distance considering soil–structure interaction
  143. Improvement of porosity of mortar using polyethylene glycol pre-polymer-impregnated mortar
  144. Three-dimensional analysis of steel beam-column bolted connections
  145. Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery
  146. Performance evaluation of grouted porous asphalt concrete
  147. Optimization of local modified metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete by Taguchi method
  148. Effect of waste tire products on some characteristics of roller-compacted concrete
  149. Studying the lateral displacement of retaining wall supporting sandy soil under dynamic loads
  150. Seismic performance evaluation of concrete buttress dram (Dynamic linear analysis)
  151. Behavior of soil reinforced with micropiles
  152. Possibility of production high strength lightweight concrete containing organic waste aggregate and recycled steel fibers
  153. An investigation of self-sensing and mechanical properties of smart engineered cementitious composites reinforced with functional materials
  154. Forecasting changes in precipitation and temperatures of a regional watershed in Northern Iraq using LARS-WG model
  155. Experimental investigation of dynamic soil properties for modeling energy-absorbing layers
  156. Numerical investigation of the effect of longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio on the ductility of concrete beams
  157. An experimental study on the tensile properties of reinforced asphalt pavement
  158. Self-sensing behavior of hot asphalt mixture with steel fiber-based additive
  159. Behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete deep beams reinforced by basalt fibers
  160. Optimizing asphalt binder performance with various PET types
  161. Investigation of the hydraulic characteristics and homogeneity of the microstructure of the air voids in the sustainable rigid pavement
  162. Enhanced biogas production from municipal solid waste via digestion with cow manure: A case study
  163. Special Issue: AESMT-7 - Part I
  164. Preparation and investigation of cobalt nanoparticles by laser ablation: Structure, linear, and nonlinear optical properties
  165. Seismic analysis of RC building with plan irregularity in Baghdad/Iraq to obtain the optimal behavior
  166. The effect of urban environment on large-scale path loss model’s main parameters for mmWave 5G mobile network in Iraq
  167. Formatting a questionnaire for the quality control of river bank roads
  168. Vibration suppression of smart composite beam using model predictive controller
  169. Machine learning-based compressive strength estimation in nanomaterial-modified lightweight concrete
  170. In-depth analysis of critical factors affecting Iraqi construction projects performance
  171. Behavior of container berth structure under the influence of environmental and operational loads
  172. Energy absorption and impact response of ballistic resistance laminate
  173. Effect of water-absorbent polymer balls in internal curing on punching shear behavior of bubble slabs
  174. Effect of surface roughness on interface shear strength parameters of sandy soils
  175. Evaluating the interaction for embedded H-steel section in normal concrete under monotonic and repeated loads
  176. Estimation of the settlement of pile head using ANN and multivariate linear regression based on the results of load transfer method
  177. Enhancing communication: Deep learning for Arabic sign language translation
  178. A review of recent studies of both heat pipe and evaporative cooling in passive heat recovery
  179. Effect of nano-silica on the mechanical properties of LWC
  180. An experimental study of some mechanical properties and absorption for polymer-modified cement mortar modified with superplasticizer
  181. Digital beamforming enhancement with LSTM-based deep learning for millimeter wave transmission
  182. Developing an efficient planning process for heritage buildings maintenance in Iraq
  183. Design and optimization of two-stage controller for three-phase multi-converter/multi-machine electric vehicle
  184. Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al1050/Al2O3/Gr composite processed by forming operation ECAP
  185. Calculations of mass stopping power and range of protons in organic compounds (CH3OH, CH2O, and CO2) at energy range of 0.01–1,000 MeV
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Heruntergeladen am 4.11.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/eng-2022-0536/html
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