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Energy management system for a small town to enhance quality of life

  • Fatma Elbarassi , Yara Alouri , Abdallah D. Qusef , Najeh Rajeh Alsalhi EMAIL logo , Sharefa Murad and Aras Al-Dawoodi
Published/Copyright: April 6, 2024
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Open Engineering
From the journal Open Engineering Volume 14 Issue 1

Abstract

The study proposes a simplified energy management system (EMS) that can be a useful tool for small towns with a majority of middle-class residents who are looking to improve their quality of life while lowering energy expenditures and having a smaller environmental effect. This article examines the advantages of setting up an EMS in a small community and offers guidance on how to do so. The system is composed of a wind turbine and a gas turbine. The latter can be fueled either from natural gas or from biogas. The system has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink and executed with real-world data that is publicly available. The research presented in this article can assist small towns in developing an environmentally friendly EMS that will improve citizens’ quality of life, where the results have shown continuity of service for the system over many hours with cheap or even free electricity.

Keywords: energy management system; enhance quality living standards; computer SIMULINK model; wind power consumption

1 Introduction

In the pursuit of enhanced living standards for small-town inhabitants, prioritizing effective energy management systems (EMS) is crucial. Aligning with the global focus on sustainability, these systems serve as valuable tools for optimizing energy consumption, reducing costs, and fostering ecological responsibility. Similarly, as society increasingly directs attention toward energy-saving construction and green building technologies, the construction industry is propelled toward sustainable development [1].

Renewable energy resources, spanning fossil fuels, renewable sources, and nuclear resources, are poised to be integral in shaping the future global energy landscape. These sources, encompassing solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal energy, are reusable and commonly referred to as alternative energy sources. Leveraging these resources for domestic energy needs holds the potential to deliver clean energy services with minimal or zero emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Accounting for 14% of total energy demand, biomass, hydropower, geothermal, solar, wind, and marine energy stand as crucial components of renewable energy sources (RES). As primary, local, clean, and infinite sources, they play a vital role in establishing a sustainable energy landscape. Large-scale hydropower already contributes 20% to global electricity, while wind power, especially in windy locations, demonstrates significant potential. Projections suggest a notable increase in the share of RES, potentially reaching 30–80% by the year 2100 [2].

In conclusion, the implementation of an EMS in a small community brings forth a multitude of positive effects, significantly enhancing the quality of life for its inhabitants. Through this initiative, the municipality can contribute to prosperity, sustainability, and comfort for its citizens. This is achieved by not only cutting costs but also fostering environmental sustainability, ensuring a stable energy supply, improving infrastructure, promoting community engagement, and creating economic opportunities. The collective impact of these measures goes beyond energy efficiency, resonating positively in various aspects of community life, thus contributing to a more vibrant and resilient local environment.

1.1 Aim and motivation

Energy and quality of life are inseparable. This is because of lots of utilizations by human beings in homes, schools, health sector, and industry. Any production process in a firm requires a conservable amount of energy consumption; therefore, a great focus must be given to manage energy in the best way in terms of cost, energy usage, environment, and satisfying compliance of energy companies [3,4,5,6], where an EMS can provide a plenty of advantages. Possibility of cost savings is one important benefit. A town can cut its energy use and associated costs by putting in place an EMS. An EMS can also aid in the identification of energy usage inefficiencies, enabling targeted adjustments that can further lower energy expenses. The additional benefit of EMSs is the possibility for higher quality of life. A town can lessen its carbon emissions and hence lower its energy use, both of which can benefit the environment. An EMS can also help to increase the quality and dependability of the energy supply, which can improve people’s overall quality of life [7,8,9]. Figure 1 summarizes the potential benefits of EMS.

Figure 1 Summary of EMS applications.
Figure 1

Summary of EMS applications.

1.2 Literature review

All decision-makers at the national, European, and global levels have considerable interests in the optimal use of energy resources and continue to do so. The Paris Agreement, which aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions by up to 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, has been signed and ratified by the European Union and all its member states [10]. Significant research is being done on EMSs for the management of various RESs that could reduce the use of energy from fossil fuels in support of the efforts of the government and private entities fighting to achieve these goals. Bioenergy, direct solar energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, wind, and ocean energy (tide and wave) are the main RESs. Micro-grids that serve clients in rural areas or inside a building can contain these sources [11].

In Mbungu et al. [12], the authors have provided an EMS based on smart meters for applying energy management strategies. The system produces its own energy through photovoltaic (PV) panels, and batteries act as storage. The suggested strategy provides a greater consumer energy benefit by guaranteeing up to 28% of the total energy use. Simulation results, which are based on real data gathered over a year, have shown that the proposed EMS design reduces the maximum power used from the grid by 11.4%.

Paper [13] has proposed a hierarchical EMS for smart homes with high solar PV penetration. In order to choose the device schedules for the first day, the authors have first constructed a stochastic programming model for the following day. In the subsequent phase of practical operation, the authors have used a mechanism for stochastic optimization of the running horizon to enhance the performance of the Residential Battery Energy Storage System.

The authors of Ahmed et al. [14] have solved the issue of energy management of a micro-grid connected to a primary energy system by allowing for load demand variations on optimally integrating solar PV and wind turbines (WT), significantly lowering the total cost and enhancing system performance. The authors have considered several variables when using this method, including wind speed, market pricing under deterministic and probabilistic conditions, load demand changes, and sun radiation. The authors employed an effective technique called the equilibrium optimizer, which is superior to both the cosine sine algorithm and the whale optimization algorithm, to increase voltage stability and profile.

One important consideration for wind energy is the need for a significant amount of land to accommodate the installation of facilities, particularly WTs. This requirement can present practical challenges, especially in areas with limited available space. Another factor to consider is that wind, the source of energy, is intermittent by nature. This means that the availability of wind can vary, making it less predictable as a consistent energy source. On days with strong winds, WTs can generate a substantial amount of energy to meet the demand. However, on calm days, the turbines may not produce any significant energy output. To address this issue, energy storage can be utilized as a backup solution for times when WTs produce more energy than needed. However, it is important to mention that the various storage technologies currently face reliability and efficiency challenges that need to be handled for optimal performance. Finding reliable and efficient solutions for storage is crucial in ensuring a stable and effective wind energy system [14].

1.2.1 Enhancing quality of life: the positive impacts of efficient energy management in small towns

The quality of life for people of a small town can be significantly improved by implementing an effective EMS. Here are some ways it can raise the standard of living.

1.2.1.1 Cost savings

A city and its citizens can both save money by using an efficient EMS to help cut energy use and maximize energy efficiency. This may lead to less expensive utility costs, enabling people to allocate their money to other things like healthcare, education, or leisure pursuits.

1.2.1.2 Environmental sustainability

The town can support environmental sustainability by using RESs and energy-efficient methods. This lowers dependency on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions, improving the air quality, decreasing pollution, and enhancing the quality of life for locals.

1.2.1.3 Reliable energy supply

The town’s energy supply is dependable and consistent thanks to a strong EMS. As a result, power outages become less frequent and less in length, which enhances quality of life by reducing disruptions to routine activities like work, school, and healthcare.

1.2.1.4 Enhanced safety and security

An efficient EMS makes it possible to adopt safety measures like smart grids, improved metering infrastructure, and automated systems. By assisting in the identification and repair of electrical faults, averting accidents, and enabling faster emergency responses, these advances can enhance the town’s overall safety and security.

1.2.1.5 Infrastructure improvement

Improving the EMS typically involves improving the electrical grids, distribution networks, and buildings. This infrastructure improvement will make the town more enticing, snug, and livable for the locals and could lead to better facilities, better public lighting, and greater accessibility. To successfully develop an EMS for a small town, it is essential to conduct a thorough energy audit, involve stakeholders, set clear goals and targets, and regularly monitor and review the system’s performance. Cooperation between local government, citizens, businesses, and energy providers is crucial to achieving the necessary improvements in living quality.

1.2.2 Utilizing wind energy to transform small cities with wind management systems

The construction of a wind management system can significantly alter small cities and offer numerous benefits and opportunities for sustainable development. As people throughout the world look for cleaner and more RESs, wind power is becoming a potential alternative. The ability of a wind management system to capture wind energy and convert it into electricity can aid small communities in achieving their energy goals and have a positive effect on a variety of aspects of urban life [11,12,13,14].

A wind management system’s primary benefit is that it provides small cities with clean, renewable electricity. These systems can produce electricity without the need for fossil fuels by using WTs, which lowers greenhouse gas emissions and lessens the environmental effect of conventional energy sources. Cleaner air, better air quality, and a healthier living environment for city residents are all benefits of this shift to clean energy.

Along with being environmentally friendly, wind energy has benefited from an economic perspective. Small towns can produce their own local energy using wind resources, reducing their dependency on external energy suppliers and volatile energy prices. Funds can now be allocated toward other crucial services, infrastructure upgrades, or neighborhood projects that enhance people’s quality of life generally because of a stabilizing of energy prices brought on by the city’s growing energy independence [15].

People are paying more attention to renewable and eco-friendly energy, and one interesting option is using vibration energy. It is like scavenging energy from vibrations and turning it into useful electricity. This method is useful for small gadgets, especially wireless sensors, and tiny devices (MEMS), and it helps overcome the limitations of regular batteries, especially in fast-growing MEMS technologies. There are different devices that can harvest energy effectively, using things like electromagnetic, electrostatic, or piezoelectric methods. Even though most vibrations happen at low levels, which means not a lot of power, there are new and improved devices like the electromagnetic spring-pendulum harvester that show promise for various uses. One such device is a simple system that turns mechanical energy from vibrations into electrical energy using a spring. This system, with a power generator, can be a green and sustainable way to power things like cars, wireless sensors, health devices, and even structures [16]. Furthermore, installing a wind control system in a small community might boost its economy and create jobs. WT development, building, operation, and maintenance lead to job opportunities in the neighborhood. Manufacturing, installation, continuing maintenance, and support services are all included in this list of jobs. The economic activity that results raises employment rates, the local economy, and the city’s general prosperity.

A wind management system can promote community involvement and education in addition to financial gains. Residents’ attention and curiosity are piqued by the installation of WTs since it offers a visible and material emblem of sustainable growth. Residents can be involved in the switch to wind energy through public consultations, educational campaigns, and community engagement programmers, which will help them feel invested in and proud of their city’s efforts to use renewable energy. This activity not only encourages sustainable practices and a shared sense of environmental responsibility, but it also increases public understanding of RESs.

Tourists in small cities may be interested in and attentive to the utilization of wind energy. Wind farms might provide for intriguing travel locations for tourists who are interested in green and RESs. By encouraging tourists to make purchases at neighboring businesses like restaurants and shops and to increase employment, ecotourism has the potential to strengthen the local economy. The income gained can be invested in services, infrastructure upgrades, and community development initiatives to further raise the standard of living for locals.

In conclusion, a small city’s adoption of a wind management system has enormous potential to change its energy landscape and raise the standard of living for its citizens. Small communities may support environmental sustainability, attain energy independence, promote economic growth, promote community participation, and build more appealing and sustainable urban environments by embracing clean and renewable wind energy. By demonstrating the city’s commitment to a greener future and reaping the rewards of a more sustainable and prosperous community, the use of wind power serves as a catalyst for improvement.

1.2.3 Environmental impact

WTs are considered good for the environment because they do not produce harmful gases or radioactive waste like fossil fuels and nuclear power do. However, they do have some downsides. One issue is the noise they make, which can be annoying for people living nearby. There are two types of noise – mechanical and aerodynamic. The latter, although not proven a big problem, is a concern due to its low frequency. Some studies suggest that it can cause headaches and other issues for those living close to wind farms. Another concern is how WTs look. Some people like them, but others think they’re not so great. Assessing their visual impact is tricky, and there are different methods to evaluate how they affect the landscape. One method, called the Spanish method, uses computer simulations to show how WTs might look in a particular area. It helps understand how much impact they could have on the scenery. Overall, while wind power is good for the environment, we need to study and solve these issues for it to be truly sustainable [17].

WTs can bring about noise and visual effects in their immediate surroundings. The noise comes from mechanical and aerodynamic sources, with the latter, despite lacking clear evidence of its impact, seen as a significant concern due to its low frequency, potentially causing annoyance. Studies have shown that people living near wind farms may experience stress symptoms like headaches and sleep disturbances [18].

Researchers suggest solutions, such as building turbines farther away or optimizing house structures to reduce noise. Efforts have been made to minimize aerodynamic noise through methods like placing obstacles or optimizing blade designs. The visual impact of WTs is subjective, with some finding them impressive and others disruptive to landscapes. Different assessment methods, like the Quechee test and the Spanish method, evaluate aesthetic impacts based on analytical and physical attributes. The Spanish method, using CAD software, assesses potential visual impact to improve public acceptance of WT innovations. Balancing these factors is essential for effectively integrating wind power, considering both environmental and public perspectives [19].

2 The computer model

To implement EMS in practice, it is mandatory to design it on computer to study how it behaves, and then, some recommendations can be given with confidence. The system may be run by MATLAB/SIMULINK as summing points and Laplace functions in the very basic form. Then, the system model is operated with real data set to see if it is possible in reality. The next part shows the real data description, which is available publicly in reference [20].

2.1 The data description

The data used in this collection are from a single turbine located in an inland wind farm. The dataset spans a year, although there are gaps in the data at several points in time. The dataset has two-time resolutions: 10-min data and hourly data, with the latter being the further average of the former. The data are organized into three columns for each time resolution. The time stamp appears in the first column, followed by the wind speed and the power of the wind in the second and third columns [20].

2.2 Model description

The model has been implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The electricity management system is based on the following steps:

  1. The total wind power is used to cover part of the load demand.

  2. The remaining power is covered from micro gas turbine fueled by either by natural gas or biogas.

  3. The gas turbine is built with its controls to open/close the gas valve according to the remaining load demand.

  4. The wasted gas is used to heat water in a boiler for space heating of a nearby building(s).

The complete system has been designed on SIMULINK platform, which is shown in Figure 2. The gas turbine and its controller can be represented by cascaded Laplace functions, which are normally used to present turbines and their accessories [21].

Figure 2 The SIMULINK Model implementation.
Figure 2

The SIMULINK Model implementation.

The work is useful in the sense that it affords electricity for low-income people and/or war refugees who live in a situation of low-quality life. If this micro system is practically implemented, it can either offer free electricity in case of power generation by biogas and wind or relatively cheap electricity if natural gas instead of biogas.

We agree that the computer model implemented in Simulink is not of standard type, but it is correct and verified by the simulation results. The same argument applies to the boiler simple model, which can be an identified first-order transfer function or second-order transfer function or even more complicated model structure. With time samples of about 10 min per sample time, the micro-boiler time constant is reasonable with first order transfer function is reasonable.

3 Simulation study

This section demonstrates the simulation results for 2 h of operation for an electricity demand of 200 MW constant. It can be assumed to be constant for 2 h operation and also to show clear effect of wind changes on the system performance. The wind practical signal that has been extracted from the data is shown in Figure 3 that has been used as a testing signal for the system.

Figure 3 The wind power generation.
Figure 3

The wind power generation.

Then, the remaining load is found by subtracting the demand of electricity from the shred wind power and sent to the gas turbine control system to increase or decrease the gas input accordingly, which has been shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 The partial load after wind contribution.
Figure 4

The partial load after wind contribution.

Then, the valve is changed to fit the remaining load demand the gas turbine output power is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 The gas consumption.
Figure 5

The gas consumption.

The wasted gas after combustion is used to heat the working water inside the boiler to be circulated and recirculated to the heating system, which has been shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 The gas turbine output power.
Figure 6

The gas turbine output power.

This combined heat and power system can be used in many facilities and buildings nearby the EMS system, such as hospitals, textile industry, or other industrial processes. The total heat power is shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7 The combination of heat and power.
Figure 7

The combination of heat and power.

It is arguable to be used for residential buildings because we cannot guarantee that the heat is needed at the same time as the electricity and for this, it might be suggested that for residential buildings, a suitable thermal storage is needed to make the heat available when requested by people living in residential buildings. This is not the problem if the load is a hospital or a factory because mostly in those buildings the electrical power is needed and heating is needed all time.

Finally, the total power production is depicted in Figure 8, which is around 200 MW. This is to confirm the feasibility of the proposed system to cover the entire load with the facilities provided.

Figure 8 the total power production.
Figure 8

the total power production.

The reported results can be discussed and analyzed as follows: with an assumption of 200 MW load demand in two operating hours, the wind speed abrupt variations have caused corresponding changes of power up and down in the WT power from about 32 to 84 MW. Fortunately, due to the cooperation with another proposed gas turbine, the gas turbine embeds flexible automation system that adapts to the remaining load changes. As a result, the gas turbine output may vary from shutdown state to up to 180 MW in order to cover the partial load changes. The gas turbine can be powered by natural gas or – more economically viable – by biogas or even Hydrogen with minor design modifications. There is a normal imbalance between the total load and total generation, which is clearly deduced from Figure 8, however, such an imbalance will not introduce an immediate threat to system operation continuity as it is unavoidable in electricity systems.

4 Conclusion

4.1 Concluding remarks

In conclusion, an EMS for a small town provides several benefits that contribute to better quality of life. It benefits the economy, the environment, energy independence, and public health. By putting in place such a system, the municipality may embrace a more sustainable future, creating a lively and healthy community for the future.

  1. First off, an EMS makes it possible to optimize energy use while decreasing waste and improving efficiency. A cleaner and healthier environment is also a result of the decreased use of fossil fuels and the development of RESs.

  2. Additionally, the installation of an EMS promotes the town’s energy independence. The municipality becomes less reliant on outside energy sources by variety the energy mix, like solar panels or WTs.

  3. By minimizing the dependency on energy production using fossil fuels, an EMS helps to decrease air pollution, providing cleaner and healthier environments for populations.

4.2 he proposed EMS limitations

Wind energy, while a promising RES, has significant limits. Here are some of the major constraints of wind energy:

  1. One of wind energy’s key drawbacks is its intermittent nature, as not all places have consistent or strong winds. WTs need particular wind speeds to efficiently produce power. Wind power plants must therefore be carefully positioned in places with strong winds [22].

  2. While wind energy is becoming increasingly cost-effective, the initial investment for wind farms can be significant. The expenditures include land acquisition, turbine construction, and installation; they require large towers, foundations, and massive blades. However, because wind is a free and renewable resource, the long-term operating expenses are comparatively cheap [23]. Despite these limits, wind energy continues to be an important and growing source of renewable energy, this is because of technology developments to overcome these issues.

  1. Funding information: The authors state no funding involved.

  2. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  3. Data availability statement: The most datasets generated and/or analysed in this study are comprised in this submitted manuscript. The other datasets are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author with the attached information.

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Received: 2023-10-06
Revised: 2023-12-27
Accepted: 2024-01-09
Published Online: 2024-04-06

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  72. Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width
  73. The optimal allocation of thyristor-controlled series compensators for enhancement HVAC transmission lines Iraqi super grid by using seeker optimization algorithm
  74. Numerical and experimental study of the impact on aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil
  75. Effect of nano-TiO2 on physical and rheological properties of asphalt cement
  76. Performance evolution of novel palm leaf powder used for enhancing hot mix asphalt
  77. Performance analysis, evaluation, and improvement of selected unsignalized intersection using SIDRA software – Case study
  78. Flexural behavior of RC beams externally reinforced with CFRP composites using various strategies
  79. Influence of fiber types on the properties of the artificial cold-bonded lightweight aggregates
  80. Experimental investigation of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded BFRP composites
  81. Generalized RKM methods for solving fifth-order quasi-linear fractional partial differential equation
  82. An experimental and numerical study investigating sediment transport position in the bed of sewer pipes in Karbala
  83. Role of individual component failure in the performance of a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system: A Markov model approach
  84. Implementation for the cases (5, 4) and (5, 4)/(2, 0)
  85. Center group actions and related concepts
  86. Experimental investigation of the effect of horizontal construction joints on the behavior of deep beams
  87. Deletion of a vertex in even sum domination
  88. Deep learning techniques in concrete powder mix designing
  89. Effect of loading type in concrete deep beam with strut reinforcement
  90. Studying the effect of using CFRP warping on strength of husk rice concrete columns
  91. Parametric analysis of the influence of climatic factors on the formation of traditional buildings in the city of Al Najaf
  92. Suitability location for landfill using a fuzzy-GIS model: A case study in Hillah, Iraq
  93. Hybrid approach for cost estimation of sustainable building projects using artificial neural networks
  94. Assessment of indirect tensile stress and tensile–strength ratio and creep compliance in HMA mixes with micro-silica and PMB
  95. Density functional theory to study stopping power of proton in water, lung, bladder, and intestine
  96. A review of single flow, flow boiling, and coating microchannel studies
  97. Effect of GFRP bar length on the flexural behavior of hybrid concrete beams strengthened with NSM bars
  98. Exploring the impact of parameters on flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels and coated microtubes: A comprehensive review
  99. Crumb rubber modification for enhanced rutting resistance in asphalt mixtures
  100. Special Issue: AESMT-6
  101. Design of a new sorting colors system based on PLC, TIA portal, and factory I/O programs
  102. Forecasting empirical formula for suspended sediment load prediction at upstream of Al-Kufa barrage, Kufa City, Iraq
  103. Optimization and characterization of sustainable geopolymer mortars based on palygorskite clay, water glass, and sodium hydroxide
  104. Sediment transport modelling upstream of Al Kufa Barrage
  105. Study of energy loss, range, and stopping time for proton in germanium and copper materials
  106. Effect of internal and external recycle ratios on the nutrient removal efficiency of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (VIP) wastewater treatment plant
  107. Enhancing structural behaviour of polypropylene fibre concrete columns longitudinally reinforced with fibreglass bars
  108. Sustainable road paving: Enhancing concrete paver blocks with zeolite-enhanced cement
  109. Evaluation of the operational performance of Karbala waste water treatment plant under variable flow using GPS-X model
  110. Design and simulation of photonic crystal fiber for highly sensitive chemical sensing applications
  111. Optimization and design of a new column sequencing for crude oil distillation at Basrah refinery
  112. Inductive 3D numerical modelling of the tibia bone using MRI to examine von Mises stress and overall deformation
  113. An image encryption method based on modified elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and Hill Cipher
  114. Experimental investigation of generating superheated steam using a parabolic dish with a cylindrical cavity receiver: A case study
  115. Effect of surface roughness on the interface behavior of clayey soils
  116. Investigated of the optical properties for SiO2 by using Lorentz model
  117. Measurements of induced vibrations due to steel pipe pile driving in Al-Fao soil: Effect of partial end closure
  118. Experimental and numerical studies of ballistic resistance of hybrid sandwich composite body armor
  119. Evaluation of clay layer presence on shallow foundation settlement in dry sand under an earthquake
  120. Optimal design of mechanical performances of asphalt mixtures comprising nano-clay additives
  121. Advancing seismic performance: Isolators, TMDs, and multi-level strategies in reinforced concrete buildings
  122. Predicted evaporation in Basrah using artificial neural networks
  123. Energy management system for a small town to enhance quality of life
  124. Numerical study on entropy minimization in pipes with helical airfoil and CuO nanoparticle integration
  125. Equations and methodologies of inlet drainage system discharge coefficients: A review
  126. Thermal buckling analysis for hybrid and composite laminated plate by using new displacement function
  127. Investigation into the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight mortar using commercial beads or recycled expanded polystyrene
  128. Experimental and theoretical analysis of single-jet column and concrete column using double-jet grouting technique applied at Al-Rashdia site
  129. The impact of incorporating waste materials on the mechanical and physical characteristics of tile adhesive materials
  130. Seismic resilience: Innovations in structural engineering for earthquake-prone areas
  131. Automatic human identification using fingerprint images based on Gabor filter and SIFT features fusion
  132. Performance of GRKM-method for solving classes of ordinary and partial differential equations of sixth-orders
  133. Visible light-boosted photodegradation activity of Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 supported heterojunctions for effective degradation of organic contaminates
  134. Production of sustainable concrete with treated cement kiln dust and iron slag waste aggregate
  135. Key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete-ribbed slabs: A review
  136. A comparative analysis of the energy dissipation efficiency of various piano key weir types
  137. Special Issue: Transport 2022 - Part II
  138. Variability in road surface temperature in urban road network – A case study making use of mobile measurements
  139. Special Issue: BCEE5-2023
  140. Evaluation of reclaimed asphalt mixtures rejuvenated with waste engine oil to resist rutting deformation
  141. Assessment of potential resistance to moisture damage and fatigue cracks of asphalt mixture modified with ground granulated blast furnace slag
  142. Investigating seismic response in adjacent structures: A study on the impact of buildings’ orientation and distance considering soil–structure interaction
  143. Improvement of porosity of mortar using polyethylene glycol pre-polymer-impregnated mortar
  144. Three-dimensional analysis of steel beam-column bolted connections
  145. Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery
  146. Performance evaluation of grouted porous asphalt concrete
  147. Optimization of local modified metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete by Taguchi method
  148. Effect of waste tire products on some characteristics of roller-compacted concrete
  149. Studying the lateral displacement of retaining wall supporting sandy soil under dynamic loads
  150. Seismic performance evaluation of concrete buttress dram (Dynamic linear analysis)
  151. Behavior of soil reinforced with micropiles
  152. Possibility of production high strength lightweight concrete containing organic waste aggregate and recycled steel fibers
  153. An investigation of self-sensing and mechanical properties of smart engineered cementitious composites reinforced with functional materials
  154. Forecasting changes in precipitation and temperatures of a regional watershed in Northern Iraq using LARS-WG model
  155. Experimental investigation of dynamic soil properties for modeling energy-absorbing layers
  156. Numerical investigation of the effect of longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio on the ductility of concrete beams
  157. An experimental study on the tensile properties of reinforced asphalt pavement
  158. Self-sensing behavior of hot asphalt mixture with steel fiber-based additive
  159. Behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete deep beams reinforced by basalt fibers
  160. Optimizing asphalt binder performance with various PET types
  161. Investigation of the hydraulic characteristics and homogeneity of the microstructure of the air voids in the sustainable rigid pavement
  162. Enhanced biogas production from municipal solid waste via digestion with cow manure: A case study
  163. Special Issue: AESMT-7 - Part I
  164. Preparation and investigation of cobalt nanoparticles by laser ablation: Structure, linear, and nonlinear optical properties
  165. Seismic analysis of RC building with plan irregularity in Baghdad/Iraq to obtain the optimal behavior
  166. The effect of urban environment on large-scale path loss model’s main parameters for mmWave 5G mobile network in Iraq
  167. Formatting a questionnaire for the quality control of river bank roads
  168. Vibration suppression of smart composite beam using model predictive controller
  169. Machine learning-based compressive strength estimation in nanomaterial-modified lightweight concrete
  170. In-depth analysis of critical factors affecting Iraqi construction projects performance
  171. Behavior of container berth structure under the influence of environmental and operational loads
  172. Energy absorption and impact response of ballistic resistance laminate
  173. Effect of water-absorbent polymer balls in internal curing on punching shear behavior of bubble slabs
  174. Effect of surface roughness on interface shear strength parameters of sandy soils
  175. Evaluating the interaction for embedded H-steel section in normal concrete under monotonic and repeated loads
  176. Estimation of the settlement of pile head using ANN and multivariate linear regression based on the results of load transfer method
  177. Enhancing communication: Deep learning for Arabic sign language translation
  178. A review of recent studies of both heat pipe and evaporative cooling in passive heat recovery
  179. Effect of nano-silica on the mechanical properties of LWC
  180. An experimental study of some mechanical properties and absorption for polymer-modified cement mortar modified with superplasticizer
  181. Digital beamforming enhancement with LSTM-based deep learning for millimeter wave transmission
  182. Developing an efficient planning process for heritage buildings maintenance in Iraq
  183. Design and optimization of two-stage controller for three-phase multi-converter/multi-machine electric vehicle
  184. Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al1050/Al2O3/Gr composite processed by forming operation ECAP
  185. Calculations of mass stopping power and range of protons in organic compounds (CH3OH, CH2O, and CO2) at energy range of 0.01–1,000 MeV
  186. Investigation of in vitro behavior of composite coating hydroxyapatite-nano silver on 316L stainless steel substrate by electrophoretic technic for biomedical tools
  187. A review: Enhancing tribological properties of journal bearings composite materials
  188. Improvements in the randomness and security of digital currency using the photon sponge hash function through Maiorana–McFarland S-box replacement
  189. Design a new scheme for image security using a deep learning technique of hierarchical parameters
  190. Special Issue: ICES 2023
  191. Comparative geotechnical analysis for ultimate bearing capacity of precast concrete piles using cone resistance measurements
  192. Visualizing sustainable rainwater harvesting: A case study of Karbala Province
  193. Geogrid reinforcement for improving bearing capacity and stability of square foundations
  194. Evaluation of the effluent concentrations of Karbala wastewater treatment plant using reliability analysis
  195. Adsorbent made with inexpensive, local resources
  196. Effect of drain pipes on seepage and slope stability through a zoned earth dam
  197. Sediment accumulation in an 8 inch sewer pipe for a sample of various particles obtained from the streets of Karbala city, Iraq
  198. Special Issue: IETAS 2024 - Part I
  199. Analyzing the impact of transfer learning on explanation accuracy in deep learning-based ECG recognition systems
  200. Effect of scale factor on the dynamic response of frame foundations
  201. Improving multi-object detection and tracking with deep learning, DeepSORT, and frame cancellation techniques
  202. The impact of using prestressed CFRP bars on the development of flexural strength
  203. Assessment of surface hardness and impact strength of denture base resins reinforced with silver–titanium dioxide and silver–zirconium dioxide nanoparticles: In vitro study
  204. A data augmentation approach to enhance breast cancer detection using generative adversarial and artificial neural networks
  205. Modification of the 5D Lorenz chaotic map with fuzzy numbers for video encryption in cloud computing
  206. Special Issue: 51st KKBN - Part I
  207. Evaluation of static bending caused damage of glass-fiber composite structure using terahertz inspection
https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0599
Keywords for this article
energy management system; enhance quality living standards; computer SIMULINK model; wind power consumption
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Methodology of automated quality management
  3. Influence of vibratory conveyor design parameters on the trough motion and the self-synchronization of inertial vibrators
  4. Application of finite element method in industrial design, example of an electric motorcycle design project
  5. Correlative evaluation of the corrosion resilience and passivation properties of zinc and aluminum alloys in neutral chloride and acid-chloride solutions
  6. Will COVID “encourage” B2B and data exchange engineering in logistic firms?
  7. Influence of unsupported sleepers on flange climb derailment of two freight wagons
  8. A hybrid detection algorithm for 5G OTFS waveform for 64 and 256 QAM with Rayleigh and Rician channels
  9. Effect of short heat treatment on mechanical properties and shape memory properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy
  10. Exploring the potential of ammonia and hydrogen as alternative fuels for transportation
  11. Impact of insulation on energy consumption and CO2 emissions in high-rise commercial buildings at various climate zones
  12. Advanced autopilot design with extremum-seeking control for aircraft control
  13. Adaptive multidimensional trust-based recommendation model for peer to peer applications
  14. Effects of CFRP sheets on the flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beam
  15. Enhancing urban sustainability through industrial synergy: A multidisciplinary framework for integrating sustainable industrial practices within urban settings – The case of Hamadan industrial city
  16. Advanced vibrant controller results of an energetic framework structure
  17. Application of the Taguchi method and RSM for process parameter optimization in AWSJ machining of CFRP composite-based orthopedic implants
  18. Improved correlation of soil modulus with SPT N values
  19. Technologies for high-temperature batch annealing of grain-oriented electrical steel: An overview
  20. Assessing the need for the adoption of digitalization in Indian small and medium enterprises
  21. A non-ideal hybridization issue for vertical TFET-based dielectric-modulated biosensor
  22. Optimizing data retrieval for enhanced data integrity verification in cloud environments
  23. Performance analysis of nonlinear crosstalk of WDM systems using modulation schemes criteria
  24. Nonlinear finite-element analysis of RC beams with various opening near supports
  25. Thermal analysis of Fe3O4–Cu/water over a cone: a fractional Maxwell model
  26. Radial–axial runner blade design using the coordinate slice technique
  27. Theoretical and experimental comparison between straight and curved continuous box girders
  28. Effect of the reinforcement ratio on the mechanical behaviour of textile-reinforced concrete composite: Experiment and numerical modeling
  29. Experimental and numerical investigation on composite beam–column joint connection behavior using different types of connection schemes
  30. Enhanced performance and robustness in anti-lock brake systems using barrier function-based integral sliding mode control
  31. Evaluation of the creep strength of samples produced by fused deposition modeling
  32. A combined feedforward-feedback controller design for nonlinear systems
  33. Effect of adjacent structures on footing settlement for different multi-building arrangements
  34. Analyzing the impact of curved tracks on wheel flange thickness reduction in railway systems
  35. Review Articles
  36. Mechanical and smart properties of cement nanocomposites containing nanomaterials: A brief review
  37. Applications of nanotechnology and nanoproduction techniques
  38. Relationship between indoor environmental quality and guests’ comfort and satisfaction at green hotels: A comprehensive review
  39. Communication
  40. Techniques to mitigate the admission of radon inside buildings
  41. Erratum
  42. Erratum to “Effect of short heat treatment on mechanical properties and shape memory properties of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy”
  43. Special Issue: AESMT-3 - Part II
  44. Integrated fuzzy logic and multicriteria decision model methods for selecting suitable sites for wastewater treatment plant: A case study in the center of Basrah, Iraq
  45. Physical and mechanical response of porous metals composites with nano-natural additives
  46. Special Issue: AESMT-4 - Part II
  47. New recycling method of lubricant oil and the effect on the viscosity and viscous shear as an environmentally friendly
  48. Identify the effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on mechanical and microstructural characteristics of aluminum matrix composite produced by powder metallurgy technique
  49. Static behavior of piled raft foundation in clay
  50. Ultra-low-power CMOS ring oscillator with minimum power consumption of 2.9 pW using low-voltage biasing technique
  51. Using ANN for well type identifying and increasing production from Sa’di formation of Halfaya oil field – Iraq
  52. Optimizing the performance of concrete tiles using nano-papyrus and carbon fibers
  53. Special Issue: AESMT-5 - Part II
  54. Comparative the effect of distribution transformer coil shape on electromagnetic forces and their distribution using the FEM
  55. The complex of Weyl module in free characteristic in the event of a partition (7,5,3)
  56. Restrained captive domination number
  57. Experimental study of improving hot mix asphalt reinforced with carbon fibers
  58. Asphalt binder modified with recycled tyre rubber
  59. Thermal performance of radiant floor cooling with phase change material for energy-efficient buildings
  60. Surveying the prediction of risks in cryptocurrency investments using recurrent neural networks
  61. A deep reinforcement learning framework to modify LQR for an active vibration control applied to 2D building models
  62. Evaluation of mechanically stabilized earth retaining walls for different soil–structure interaction methods: A review
  63. Assessment of heat transfer in a triangular duct with different configurations of ribs using computational fluid dynamics
  64. Sulfate removal from wastewater by using waste material as an adsorbent
  65. Experimental investigation on strengthening lap joints subjected to bending in glulam timber beams using CFRP sheets
  66. A study of the vibrations of a rotor bearing suspended by a hybrid spring system of shape memory alloys
  67. Stability analysis of Hub dam under rapid drawdown
  68. Developing ANFIS-FMEA model for assessment and prioritization of potential trouble factors in Iraqi building projects
  69. Numerical and experimental comparison study of piled raft foundation
  70. Effect of asphalt modified with waste engine oil on the durability properties of hot asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement
  71. Hydraulic model for flood inundation in Diyala River Basin using HEC-RAS, PMP, and neural network
  72. Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width
  73. The optimal allocation of thyristor-controlled series compensators for enhancement HVAC transmission lines Iraqi super grid by using seeker optimization algorithm
  74. Numerical and experimental study of the impact on aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil
  75. Effect of nano-TiO2 on physical and rheological properties of asphalt cement
  76. Performance evolution of novel palm leaf powder used for enhancing hot mix asphalt
  77. Performance analysis, evaluation, and improvement of selected unsignalized intersection using SIDRA software – Case study
  78. Flexural behavior of RC beams externally reinforced with CFRP composites using various strategies
  79. Influence of fiber types on the properties of the artificial cold-bonded lightweight aggregates
  80. Experimental investigation of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded BFRP composites
  81. Generalized RKM methods for solving fifth-order quasi-linear fractional partial differential equation
  82. An experimental and numerical study investigating sediment transport position in the bed of sewer pipes in Karbala
  83. Role of individual component failure in the performance of a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system: A Markov model approach
  84. Implementation for the cases (5, 4) and (5, 4)/(2, 0)
  85. Center group actions and related concepts
  86. Experimental investigation of the effect of horizontal construction joints on the behavior of deep beams
  87. Deletion of a vertex in even sum domination
  88. Deep learning techniques in concrete powder mix designing
  89. Effect of loading type in concrete deep beam with strut reinforcement
  90. Studying the effect of using CFRP warping on strength of husk rice concrete columns
  91. Parametric analysis of the influence of climatic factors on the formation of traditional buildings in the city of Al Najaf
  92. Suitability location for landfill using a fuzzy-GIS model: A case study in Hillah, Iraq
  93. Hybrid approach for cost estimation of sustainable building projects using artificial neural networks
  94. Assessment of indirect tensile stress and tensile–strength ratio and creep compliance in HMA mixes with micro-silica and PMB
  95. Density functional theory to study stopping power of proton in water, lung, bladder, and intestine
  96. A review of single flow, flow boiling, and coating microchannel studies
  97. Effect of GFRP bar length on the flexural behavior of hybrid concrete beams strengthened with NSM bars
  98. Exploring the impact of parameters on flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels and coated microtubes: A comprehensive review
  99. Crumb rubber modification for enhanced rutting resistance in asphalt mixtures
  100. Special Issue: AESMT-6
  101. Design of a new sorting colors system based on PLC, TIA portal, and factory I/O programs
  102. Forecasting empirical formula for suspended sediment load prediction at upstream of Al-Kufa barrage, Kufa City, Iraq
  103. Optimization and characterization of sustainable geopolymer mortars based on palygorskite clay, water glass, and sodium hydroxide
  104. Sediment transport modelling upstream of Al Kufa Barrage
  105. Study of energy loss, range, and stopping time for proton in germanium and copper materials
  106. Effect of internal and external recycle ratios on the nutrient removal efficiency of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (VIP) wastewater treatment plant
  107. Enhancing structural behaviour of polypropylene fibre concrete columns longitudinally reinforced with fibreglass bars
  108. Sustainable road paving: Enhancing concrete paver blocks with zeolite-enhanced cement
  109. Evaluation of the operational performance of Karbala waste water treatment plant under variable flow using GPS-X model
  110. Design and simulation of photonic crystal fiber for highly sensitive chemical sensing applications
  111. Optimization and design of a new column sequencing for crude oil distillation at Basrah refinery
  112. Inductive 3D numerical modelling of the tibia bone using MRI to examine von Mises stress and overall deformation
  113. An image encryption method based on modified elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol and Hill Cipher
  114. Experimental investigation of generating superheated steam using a parabolic dish with a cylindrical cavity receiver: A case study
  115. Effect of surface roughness on the interface behavior of clayey soils
  116. Investigated of the optical properties for SiO2 by using Lorentz model
  117. Measurements of induced vibrations due to steel pipe pile driving in Al-Fao soil: Effect of partial end closure
  118. Experimental and numerical studies of ballistic resistance of hybrid sandwich composite body armor
  119. Evaluation of clay layer presence on shallow foundation settlement in dry sand under an earthquake
  120. Optimal design of mechanical performances of asphalt mixtures comprising nano-clay additives
  121. Advancing seismic performance: Isolators, TMDs, and multi-level strategies in reinforced concrete buildings
  122. Predicted evaporation in Basrah using artificial neural networks
  123. Energy management system for a small town to enhance quality of life
  124. Numerical study on entropy minimization in pipes with helical airfoil and CuO nanoparticle integration
  125. Equations and methodologies of inlet drainage system discharge coefficients: A review
  126. Thermal buckling analysis for hybrid and composite laminated plate by using new displacement function
  127. Investigation into the mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight mortar using commercial beads or recycled expanded polystyrene
  128. Experimental and theoretical analysis of single-jet column and concrete column using double-jet grouting technique applied at Al-Rashdia site
  129. The impact of incorporating waste materials on the mechanical and physical characteristics of tile adhesive materials
  130. Seismic resilience: Innovations in structural engineering for earthquake-prone areas
  131. Automatic human identification using fingerprint images based on Gabor filter and SIFT features fusion
  132. Performance of GRKM-method for solving classes of ordinary and partial differential equations of sixth-orders
  133. Visible light-boosted photodegradation activity of Ag–AgVO3/Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 supported heterojunctions for effective degradation of organic contaminates
  134. Production of sustainable concrete with treated cement kiln dust and iron slag waste aggregate
  135. Key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete-ribbed slabs: A review
  136. A comparative analysis of the energy dissipation efficiency of various piano key weir types
  137. Special Issue: Transport 2022 - Part II
  138. Variability in road surface temperature in urban road network – A case study making use of mobile measurements
  139. Special Issue: BCEE5-2023
  140. Evaluation of reclaimed asphalt mixtures rejuvenated with waste engine oil to resist rutting deformation
  141. Assessment of potential resistance to moisture damage and fatigue cracks of asphalt mixture modified with ground granulated blast furnace slag
  142. Investigating seismic response in adjacent structures: A study on the impact of buildings’ orientation and distance considering soil–structure interaction
  143. Improvement of porosity of mortar using polyethylene glycol pre-polymer-impregnated mortar
  144. Three-dimensional analysis of steel beam-column bolted connections
  145. Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery
  146. Performance evaluation of grouted porous asphalt concrete
  147. Optimization of local modified metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete by Taguchi method
  148. Effect of waste tire products on some characteristics of roller-compacted concrete
  149. Studying the lateral displacement of retaining wall supporting sandy soil under dynamic loads
  150. Seismic performance evaluation of concrete buttress dram (Dynamic linear analysis)
  151. Behavior of soil reinforced with micropiles
  152. Possibility of production high strength lightweight concrete containing organic waste aggregate and recycled steel fibers
  153. An investigation of self-sensing and mechanical properties of smart engineered cementitious composites reinforced with functional materials
  154. Forecasting changes in precipitation and temperatures of a regional watershed in Northern Iraq using LARS-WG model
  155. Experimental investigation of dynamic soil properties for modeling energy-absorbing layers
  156. Numerical investigation of the effect of longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio on the ductility of concrete beams
  157. An experimental study on the tensile properties of reinforced asphalt pavement
  158. Self-sensing behavior of hot asphalt mixture with steel fiber-based additive
  159. Behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete deep beams reinforced by basalt fibers
  160. Optimizing asphalt binder performance with various PET types
  161. Investigation of the hydraulic characteristics and homogeneity of the microstructure of the air voids in the sustainable rigid pavement
  162. Enhanced biogas production from municipal solid waste via digestion with cow manure: A case study
  163. Special Issue: AESMT-7 - Part I
  164. Preparation and investigation of cobalt nanoparticles by laser ablation: Structure, linear, and nonlinear optical properties
  165. Seismic analysis of RC building with plan irregularity in Baghdad/Iraq to obtain the optimal behavior
  166. The effect of urban environment on large-scale path loss model’s main parameters for mmWave 5G mobile network in Iraq
  167. Formatting a questionnaire for the quality control of river bank roads
  168. Vibration suppression of smart composite beam using model predictive controller
  169. Machine learning-based compressive strength estimation in nanomaterial-modified lightweight concrete
  170. In-depth analysis of critical factors affecting Iraqi construction projects performance
  171. Behavior of container berth structure under the influence of environmental and operational loads
  172. Energy absorption and impact response of ballistic resistance laminate
  173. Effect of water-absorbent polymer balls in internal curing on punching shear behavior of bubble slabs
  174. Effect of surface roughness on interface shear strength parameters of sandy soils
  175. Evaluating the interaction for embedded H-steel section in normal concrete under monotonic and repeated loads
  176. Estimation of the settlement of pile head using ANN and multivariate linear regression based on the results of load transfer method
  177. Enhancing communication: Deep learning for Arabic sign language translation
  178. A review of recent studies of both heat pipe and evaporative cooling in passive heat recovery
  179. Effect of nano-silica on the mechanical properties of LWC
  180. An experimental study of some mechanical properties and absorption for polymer-modified cement mortar modified with superplasticizer
  181. Digital beamforming enhancement with LSTM-based deep learning for millimeter wave transmission
  182. Developing an efficient planning process for heritage buildings maintenance in Iraq
  183. Design and optimization of two-stage controller for three-phase multi-converter/multi-machine electric vehicle
  184. Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Al1050/Al2O3/Gr composite processed by forming operation ECAP
  185. Calculations of mass stopping power and range of protons in organic compounds (CH3OH, CH2O, and CO2) at energy range of 0.01–1,000 MeV
  186. Investigation of in vitro behavior of composite coating hydroxyapatite-nano silver on 316L stainless steel substrate by electrophoretic technic for biomedical tools
  187. A review: Enhancing tribological properties of journal bearings composite materials
  188. Improvements in the randomness and security of digital currency using the photon sponge hash function through Maiorana–McFarland S-box replacement
  189. Design a new scheme for image security using a deep learning technique of hierarchical parameters
  190. Special Issue: ICES 2023
  191. Comparative geotechnical analysis for ultimate bearing capacity of precast concrete piles using cone resistance measurements
  192. Visualizing sustainable rainwater harvesting: A case study of Karbala Province
  193. Geogrid reinforcement for improving bearing capacity and stability of square foundations
  194. Evaluation of the effluent concentrations of Karbala wastewater treatment plant using reliability analysis
  195. Adsorbent made with inexpensive, local resources
  196. Effect of drain pipes on seepage and slope stability through a zoned earth dam
  197. Sediment accumulation in an 8 inch sewer pipe for a sample of various particles obtained from the streets of Karbala city, Iraq
  198. Special Issue: IETAS 2024 - Part I
  199. Analyzing the impact of transfer learning on explanation accuracy in deep learning-based ECG recognition systems
  200. Effect of scale factor on the dynamic response of frame foundations
  201. Improving multi-object detection and tracking with deep learning, DeepSORT, and frame cancellation techniques
  202. The impact of using prestressed CFRP bars on the development of flexural strength
  203. Assessment of surface hardness and impact strength of denture base resins reinforced with silver–titanium dioxide and silver–zirconium dioxide nanoparticles: In vitro study
  204. A data augmentation approach to enhance breast cancer detection using generative adversarial and artificial neural networks
  205. Modification of the 5D Lorenz chaotic map with fuzzy numbers for video encryption in cloud computing
  206. Special Issue: 51st KKBN - Part I
  207. Evaluation of static bending caused damage of glass-fiber composite structure using terahertz inspection
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