Startseite Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line
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Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line

  • Mardi Santoso EMAIL logo , Arif Fadlan , Muhammad Riza Ghulam Fahmi und Ardhana Rahmayanti
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 26. Februar 2021
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 19 Heft 1

Abstract

This paper reports the synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives 5–8, obtained from the appropriate isatins with pyrrole, with good yields and purity. The product structures were confirmed through spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the MTT assay on the human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines revealed moderate activity in all compounds, which was highest in sample 6 (IC50 0.47 µM). The anticancer activity was affiliated with the presence of a nitro group at C-5 and N-methyl of the isatin scaffold.

Keywords: isatin; isatin-pyrrole derivatives; anticancer; HepG2 cell line

1 Introduction

Cancer is a serious threat to human health and a leading cause of death globally [1]. According to the GLOBOCAN 2018 database, 18.1 million people of all ages have various types of cancer, leaving almost half of the total affected individuals dead [2]. Additionally, chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments and is known to confer several disadvantages, including toxicity to normal cells [3]. Hence, there is a need to develop drugs with lower cytotoxicity. Moreover, the most promising approach is molecular hybridization or pharmacophore hybrid [4]. This involves the combination of two distinct pharmacophore functions to produce synergistic, more powerful, selective, and safer drugs [5].

Great efforts have been made to promote this technique, based on the isatin skeleton to develop cancer drugs [6], and recent studies show good anticancer activity in isatin 1 and its derivatives [7]. For example, the isatin-podophyllotoxin and nitroimidazole-isatin hybrid were reported to be active against human leukaemia and breast cancer cells, respectively [8,9]. These effects are altered by modifications at the C-3, amide group, and phenyl ring of the isatin hybrid, as better activity was detected with the presence of a nitro group at C-5 isatin and a methyl or benzyl group at N-isatin [10,11,12].

Pyrrole is another important active chromophore with heterocyclic aromatic characteristics. It contains a nitrogen atom and is part of the cofactors and natural products of vitamin B12 and porphyrinogens [13,14]. Furthermore, pyrrole possesses broad-spectrum bioactivities, including anticancer and antibacterial functions [15,16], while molecular hybrid derivatives, including oroidin and sophoridine, recently exhibited remarkable anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines [15,17]. Moreover, the trimethoxybenzaldehyde-pyrrole hybrid demonstrated good effects against HeLa and MCF-7 [18].

These findings suggest the need to investigate the combination of pharmacophoric elements including isatin and pyrrole, in a single chemical framework, and to investigate their cytotoxicity. Additionally, the effect of the nitro and amino group at the C-5 region of isatin and the methyl group of N-isatin on the compound’s anticancer activity was also investigated. This study, therefore, reports on the synthesis of isatin-pyrrole derivatives alongside with their anticancer activity against HepG2 cancer cell lines.

2 Materials and method

All chemicals were purchased from commercial suppliers and used without purification. Melting points were measured using a Fisher John apparatus and are uncorrected. The Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum was confirmed using FTIR spectrophotometer Shimadzu 8400S. The mass spectra were recorded using LC-MS Mariner Biospectrometry Hitachi L 6200 with ESI Waters LCT Premier XE or TOF-MS Waters LCT Premier XE mass spectrometer. The proton (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were measured in acetone-d 6 solvent using FT-NMR JNM-ECA500 500 MHz and FT-NMR JNM-ECS400 400 MHz.

2.1 Synthesis of N-methyl-5-nitroisatin (3)

The synthesis of 3 was performed by stirring 5-nitroisatin (2) (200 mg, 1.04 mmol) and sodium hydride (100 mg, 4.16 mmol) in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (10 mL) at rt for 1 h. Dimethyl sulfate (0.40 mL, 4.16 mmol) was added, and the mixture was cooled with ice with stirring for 2 h before adding cold water. The resulting precipitate was filtered off, washed with water, and dried to yield N-methyl-5-nitroisatin (3) as a yellow solid (200 mg, 95%), mp 145–146°C (lit. 132–134°C [19]). IR (KBr) ν cm−1: 3,063 (C–H aromatic), 2,945 (C–H sp3), 1,743 (C═O), and 1,608 cm−1 (C═C aromatic). 1H-NMR (500 MHz, acetone-d 6): δ, ppm 3.36 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.41 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.32 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H, ArH), and 8.60 (dd, J = 9.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H, ArH).

2.2 Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (5)

A solution of isatin (1) (0.15 g, 1.02 mmol) in methanol:water (1:1) (20 mL) was stirred at 50°C, and then potassium carbonate (7.0 mg, 0.051 mmol) and pyrrole (4) (71 μL, 1.02 mmol) were added. After stirring for 30 h, cold water was then incorporated, and the product was extracted several times with dichloromethane. The extracts were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate, followed by evaporation under reduced pressure. Subsequently, the crude product was purified using column chromatography with chloroform:ethyl acetate (3:1) eluant to yield 3-hydroxy-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (5) as a black solid (100 mg, 45%), mp 151–152°C. IR (KBr) ν cm−1: 3,375 (N–H), 3,198 (O–H), 1,710 (C═O), and 1,622 cm−1 (C═C aromatic). 1H-NMR (500 MHz, acetone-d 6): δ, ppm 5.37 (s, 1H, O–H), 5.67 (1H, d, ArH pyrrole), 5.90 (t, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 6.80 (d, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 6.89 (1H, d, ArH isatin), 7.02 (1H, t, ArH isatin), 7.23 (1H, t, ArH isatin), 7.27 (1H, d, ArH isatin), 9.26 (bs, 1H, N–H isatin), and 10.04 (bs, 1H, N–H pyrrole). 13C-NMR (125 MHz, acetone-d 6): δ, ppm 73.3, 107.1, 107.4, 110.0, 119.4, 122.0, 125.2, 129.4, 129.8, 131.8, 141.9, and 177.3. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C12H9N2O2, [M – H]+ 213.2121; found: 213.1722.

2.3 Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-5-nitro-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (6)

A solution of 5-nitroisatin (2) (72 mg, 0.37 mmol) in methanol:water (1:1) (10 mL) was stirred at 50°C, and then potassium carbonate (2.6 mg, 0.019 mmol) and pyrrole (4) (0.026 μL, 0.37 mmol) were added. After stirring for 5 h, cold water was added, and the product was extracted several times with dichloromethane. These combined extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to produce 3-hydroxy-5-nitro-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (6) as a green solid (49 mg, 51%), mp 163–164°C. IR (KBr) ν cm−1: 3,375 (N–H), 3,279 (O–H), 1,720 (C═O), and 1,627 cm−1 (C═C aromatic). 1H-NMR (500 MHz, acetone-d 6): δ, ppm 5.82–5.83 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 5.84 (bs, 1H, OH), 5.97–5.99 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 6.89–6.90 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 7.18 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H, ArH isatin), 8.28 (dd, J = 9.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H, ArH isatin), 8.36 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H, ArH isatin), 9.95 (bs, 1H, NH pyrrole), and 10.30 (bs, 1H, NH isatin). 13C-NMR (125 MHz, acetone-d 6): δ, ppm 74.9, 108.6, 108.8, 111.3, 121.3, 121.9, 127.0, 129.0, 134.3, 144.9, 149.1, and 180.3. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C12H10N3O4, [M + H]+ 260.0671, found: 260.0674.

2.4 Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-5-nitro-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (7)

A solution of N-methyl-5-nitroisatin (3) (110 mg, 0.53 mmol) in methanol:water (1:1) (20 mL) was stirred at 50°C, and then potassium carbonate (5.37 mg, 0.039 mmol) and pyrrole (4) (26 μL, 0.37 mmol) were added. After stirring for 2 h, cold water was added, and the product was extracted several times with dichloromethane. These extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to generate 3-hydroxy-5-nitro-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (7) as a green solid (88 mg, 63%), mp 139–140°C (lit. 102–103°C [20]). IR (KBr) ν cm−1: 3,543 (N–H), 3,325 (O–H), 1,710 (C═O), and 1,614 cm−1 (C═C aromatic). 1H-NMR (500 MHz, acetone-d 6): δ, ppm 3.27 (s, 3H, CH3), 5.81–5.82 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 5.89 (bs, 1H, OH), 5.96–5.98 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 6.88–6.89 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 7.25 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H, ArH isatin), 8.34–8.37 (m, 2H, ArH isatin), and 10.32 (bs, 1H, NH pyrrole). 13C-NMR (125 MHz, acetone-d 6): δ, ppm 29.9, 73.8, 108.1, 108.4, 109.6, 121.0, 121.1, 127.3, 129.3, 133.3, 144.3, 150.3, and 176.9. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C13H12N3O4, [M + H]+ 274.2521, found: 274.2660.

2.5 Synthesis of 5-amino-3-hydroxy-3-(1H-pyrro-2-yl)indolin-2-one (8)

5-Amino-3-hydroxy-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (8) was produced by reducing 3-hydroxy-5-nitro-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)indolin-2-one (6). This reduction involved heating a mixture of 6 (75 mg, 0.29 mmol) and Pd/C (7 mg) in ethanol (10 mL) at reflux for 1 h. Then, hydrazine hydrate (40 equiv) was added dropwise, followed by heating at reflux for an additional 1 h and subsequently filtered after cooling. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure, followed by crude product purification using column chromatography with chloroform:ethyl acetate (1:3). Then 8 was generated as a brown solid (31 mg, 47%), mp 170–171°C. IR (KBr) ν cm−1: 3,365 (NH2), 3,225 (O–H), 1,703 (C═O), and 1,624 cm−1 (C═C aromatic). 1H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δ, ppm 4.80 (2H, bs, NH2), 5.59 (1H, s, OH), 5.91 (1H, d, ArH pyrrole), 5.90–5.91 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 5.99–6.00 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 6.68–6.79 (m, 1H, ArH pyrrole), 7.23 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (dd, J = 9.0, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H, ArH isatin), 8.36 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H, ArH isatin), 9.88 (bs, 1H, NH isatin), and 10.76 (bs, 1H, NH pyrrole). 13C-NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δ, ppm 74.3, 106.8, 107.0, 110.4, 112.7, 114.3, 119.3, 131.1, 131.7, 133.5, 144.3, and 177.7. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C12H10N3O2, [M + Na]+ 252.2224, found: 252.1999.

2.6 Cell culture conditions

The HepG2 cell line was obtained from the Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology, Indonesia. The cells were routinely maintained and grown at 37°C, 5% CO2 in a 95% humidified atmosphere. Additionally, the growth medium was prepared from Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 (Gibco) using phenol red, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, 0.1 mg/mL streptomycin, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), which was previously inactivated at 56°C for 30 min. Cell passaging was performed using 4 mL of trypsin-EDTA at room temperature for 3 minutes. A total of 10 mL of media with 10% FBS was then used to reduce the action of trypsin on cells, and the resulting cells were plated after centrifugation.

2.7 Preparation of cytotoxicity test solutions

The stock solutions of 5–8 and the doxorubicin control compound were individually combined with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted serially in RPMI to yield the varying concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL). A final concentration of 0.1% DMSO was obtained in the medium, and this was also used in the corresponding control. Additionally, no serum or antibiotics were introduced to the test and control mediums. All solutions were freshly prepared and protected from light.

2.8 Cytotoxicity test

The cytotoxicity test was performed using the MTT method [21]. The HepG2 cells were maintained as monolayer cultures in RPMI 1640 medium and supplemented with antibiotics, including 100 IU/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL streptomycin, and 10% FBS in a humidified incubator containing 5% CO2 at 37°C. The subcultures were obtained by trypsin treatment of confluent cultures, and the resulting suspension (100 μL) (5 × 104 cells) was transferred to 96 well plates. These were then incubated in a CO2 incubator for 24 h. The cell culture medium in each well was discarded and replaced with 100 µL of test solutions at various concentrations or the positive control (DMSO) before incubation for 24 h. Phosphate-buffered saline solution and 100 μL of MTT (0.5 mg/mL) were added to the wells, and the cells were incubated for an additional 4 h until blue coloured formazan crystals were observed. Subsequently, a 10% solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate in 0.1 N HCl was added, and the cells were incubated for the next 4 h at room temperature. The absorbance was measured using an ELISA plate reader at 570 nm, and the percentage of cell viability was then calculated. The IC50 value was determined by plotting the percentage of cell viability against sample concentration, and the assay was performed in triplicate.

  1. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and discussion

N-Methyl-5-nitroisatin (3) was synthesized using techniques from previous works [22,23,24]. This synthesis involved a reaction between 5-nitroisatin (1) and sodium hydride and dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by a reaction with dimethyl sulfate to generate the yellow solid N-methyl-5-nitroisatin (2) (Scheme 1). Subsequently, the structure of 3 was confirmed with (1) FT-IR, where the spectrum showed peaks at 3,063, 2,945, 1,743, and 1,608 cm−1 designating C–H aromatic, C–H sp3, C═O, and C═C aromatic groups, respectively. (2) In 1H-NMR, the spectrum showed a singlet at 3.55 ppm which indicated methyl group protons and two doublets at 7.41 and 8.32 ppm and another doublet at 8.60 ppm for aromatic protons. A previous report [25] showed the presence of singlet signal at 3.38 ppm for methyl group protons, based on 1H-NMR data (in CDCl3). However, the chemical shift reported in this research at 3.55 ppm due to measurement was carried out in different solvents (in acetone-d6); and the absence of NH proton signal in the NMR data suggests the successful synthesis of compound 3.

Scheme 1 Synthesis of 3. Reagents/conditions: (a) (i) NaH (4 eq), DMSO, rt 1 h; (ii) DMS (4 eq), cold 2 h, 95%.
Scheme 1

Synthesis of 3. Reagents/conditions: (a) (i) NaH (4 eq), DMSO, rt 1 h; (ii) DMS (4 eq), cold 2 h, 95%.

The isatin-pyrrole derivatives 5–8 were prepared through a reaction between the appropriate isatins 1–3 and pyrrole (4), using method from previous work for indoles [26]. This process was initiated by dissolving the isatins in methanol:water, followed by the introduction of potassium carbonate as a catalyst. Then pyrrole (4) was added to obtain the final derivative products 5–8 (Scheme 2). The yields were of acceptable purity and were further subjected to analysis using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Additionally, the FT-IR spectra showed peaks at the 3,375–3,424 cm−1 region, indicating an N–H group, at 3,198–3,325 cm−1 for an O–H group, at 1,703–1,720 cm−1 for a carbonyl group, and at 1,624–1,627 cm−1 for a C═C aromatic. The 1H-NMR spectra showed greater deshielding in the NH pyrrole than the NH isatin, and the inverse was the case with the aromatic protons. This was due to the relatively lesser aromatic characteristics of pyrrole. The isatin-pyrrole derivative 7 showed a singlet resonance in its 1H NMR at 3.27 ppm (in acetone-d 6) for the methyl group protons, which is similar with Li et al. data [20] at 3.25 ppm (in CDCl3). Moreover, 13C NMR spectra exhibited peaks corresponding to quartener carbons (C-3) at 73.3–74.9 ppm, carbonyls at 176.9–180.3 ppm, and the quaternary aromatic carbons were less deshielded than the tertiary form. The treatment of isatin derivative (6) with hydrazine and palladium on charcoal in ethanol led to the production of compound (8), following nitro group reduction method of previous work [27]. This exhibited an FT-IR spectrum with an NH2 peak at 3,543 and 3,423 cm−1 for unsymmetrical and symmetrical N–H, respectively.

Scheme 2 Synthesis of 5–8. Reagents/conditions: (a) 4 (1 eq), MeOH:H2O (1:1), K2CO3, 50°C 2–30 h, 5 (45%), 6 (51%), 7 (63%); (b) (i) Pd/C, EtOH, reflux 1 h; (ii) NH2NH2.H2O (40 eq), EtOH, reflux 1 h, 8 (47%).
Scheme 2

Synthesis of 5–8. Reagents/conditions: (a) 4 (1 eq), MeOH:H2O (1:1), K2CO3, 50°C 2–30 h, 5 (45%), 6 (51%), 7 (63%); (b) (i) Pd/C, EtOH, reflux 1 h; (ii) NH2NH2.H2O (40 eq), EtOH, reflux 1 h, 8 (47%).

The cytotoxicity test of isatin derivatives (5–8) against the liver cancer cell line HepG2 was performed using a colorimetric method. This method was based on the ability of mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme to convert 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide to formazan, indicated by a colour change from yellow to blue. Furthermore, the result was analysed using an ELISA reader, and the IC50 values of 5–8 against HepG2 cells are shown in Table 1. The results showed the ability for substitutions at C-5 and the presence of N-methyl on the isatin scaffold to influence bioactivity. Meanwhile, isatin-pyrrole 6 bearing a nitro group at C-5 of the isatin scaffold was identified as the most active compound, due to the IC50 of 0.47 µM, although the N-methyl group tends to reduce the effect.

Table 1

Anticancer activity of synthesized compounds

Compounds IC50 (µM)
(5) 10.33
(6) 0.47
(7) 1.33
(8) 4.64
Doxorubicin 0.00035

4 Conclusions

A total of four isatin-pyrrole derivatives (5–8) were successfully synthesized in good yield and purity, and the structure was confirmed using FTIR, NMR, and MS. These products were tested for anticancer activity using the liver cancer cell line HepG2, and their IC50 values were calculated. The cytotoxicity assay of all compounds showed moderate action, although (6) exhibited the highest effect, with an IC50 of 0.47 µM.

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Medical, Indonesian Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology for the cytotoxicity test.

  1. Funding: This research was funded by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education.

  2. Authors’ contribution: M. S.: conceptualization; M. S., A. F.: methodology; A. R., M. R. G. F.: investigation; A. F., A. R., M. R. G. F.: writing original draft preparation; M. S., A. F.: validation; A. F., A. R., M. R. G. F.: writing review and editing; M. S.: supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of this manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2019-12-11
Revised: 2020-08-14
Accepted: 2021-01-25
Published Online: 2021-02-26

© 2021 Mardi Santoso et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  1. Regular Articles
  2. Qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of anthocyanins in Tibetan hulless barley from different geographical locations by UPLC-QTOF-MS and their antioxidant capacities
  3. Effect of sodium chloride on the expression of genes involved in the salt tolerance of Bacillus sp. strain “SX4” isolated from salinized greenhouse soil
  4. GC-MS analysis of mango stem bark extracts (Mangifera indica L.), Haden variety. Possible contribution of volatile compounds to its health effects
  5. Influence of nanoscale-modified apatite-type calcium phosphates on the biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms
  6. Removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution by containment composites
  7. Investigating a human pesticide intoxication incident: The importance of robust analytical approaches
  8. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by chloroform fraction of Juniperus phoenicea and chemical constituents analysis
  9. Recovery of γ-Fe2O3 from copper ore tailings by magnetization roasting and magnetic separation
  10. Effects of different extraction methods on antioxidant properties of blueberry anthocyanins
  11. Modeling the removal of methylene blue dye using a graphene oxide/TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation by intelligent system
  12. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its application in food preservation
  13. Full spectrum and genetic algorithm-selected spectrum-based chemometric methods for simultaneous determination of azilsartan medoxomil, chlorthalidone, and azilsartan: Development, validation, and application on commercial dosage form
  14. Evaluation of the performance of immunoblot and immunodot techniques used to identify autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases
  15. Computational studies by molecular docking of some antiviral drugs with COVID-19 receptors are an approach to medication for COVID-19
  16. Synthesis of amides and esters containing furan rings under microwave-assisted conditions
  17. Simultaneous removal efficiency of H2S and CO2 by high-gravity rotating packed bed: Experiments and simulation
  18. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyrazole, pyridine, coumarin and isoxazole: Dydrogesterone derivatives as antitumor agents
  19. Content and composition analysis of polysaccharides from Blaps rynchopetera and its macrophage phagocytic activity
  20. A new series of 2,4-thiazolidinediones endowed with potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity
  21. Assessing encapsulation of curcumin in cocoliposome: In vitro study
  22. Rare norisodinosterol derivatives from Xenia umbellata: Isolation and anti-proliferative activity
  23. Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activities and HPTLC quantification of rutin in white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and root extracts grown in Saudi Arabia
  24. Comparison of adsorption properties of commercial silica and rice husk ash (RHA) silica: A study by NIR spectroscopy
  25. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a high-capacity material for next-generation sodium-ion capacitors
  26. Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry
  27. The effects of salinity on changes in characteristics of soils collected in a saline region of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
  28. Synthesis, properties, and activity of MoVTeNbO catalysts modified by zirconia-pillared clays in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane
  29. Synthesis and crystal structure of N,N′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea N,N-dimethylformamide
  30. Quantitative analysis of volatile compounds of four Chinese traditional liquors by SPME-GC-MS and determination of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities
  31. A novel separation method of the valuable components for activated clay production wastewater
  32. On ve-degree- and ev-degree-based topological properties of crystallographic structure of cuprite Cu2O
  33. Antihyperglycemic effect and phytochemical investigation of Rubia cordifolia (Indian Madder) leaves extract
  34. Microsphere molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for diazepam analysis using itaconic acid as a monomer in propanol
  35. A nitric oxide-releasing prodrug promotes apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species
  36. Machine vision-based driving and feedback scheme for digital microfluidics system
  37. Study on the application of a steam-foam drive profile modification technology for heavy oil reservoir development
  38. Ni–Ru-containing mixed oxide-based composites as precursors for ethanol steam reforming catalysts: Effect of the synthesis methods on the structural and catalytic properties
  39. Preparation of composite soybean straw-based materials by LDHs modifying as a solid sorbent for removal of Pb(ii) from water samples
  40. Synthesis and spectral characterizations of vanadyl(ii) and chromium(iii) mixed ligand complexes containing metformin drug and glycine amino acid
  41. In vitro evaluation of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic activity isolated from local pickled leaf mustard from Wuwei in Anhui as substitutes for chemical synthetic additives
  42. Utilization and simulation of innovative new binuclear Co(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), and Zn(ii) diimine Schiff base complexes in sterilization and coronavirus resistance (Covid-19)
  43. Phosphorylation of Pit-1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 at serine 126 is associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in prolactinomas
  44. Molecularly imprinted membrane for transport of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 as a hemodialysis candidate membrane
  45. Optimization of Murrayafoline A ethanol extraction process from the roots of Glycosmis stenocarpa, and evaluation of its Tumorigenesis inhibition activity on Hep-G2 cells
  46. Highly sensitive determination of α-lipoic acid in pharmaceuticals on a boron-doped diamond electrode
  47. Synthesis, chemo-informatics, and anticancer evaluation of fluorophenyl-isoxazole derivatives
  48. In vitro and in vivo investigation of polypharmacology of propolis extract as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and chemical properties
  49. Topological indices of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  50. Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2–ZnO catalyst and its catalytic synthesis of rosin glycol ester
  51. Construction of a new luminescent Cd(ii) compound for the detection of Fe3+ and treatment of Hepatitis B
  52. Investigation of bovine serum albumin aggregation upon exposure to silver(i) and copper(ii) metal ions using Zetasizer
  53. Discoloration of methylene blue at neutral pH by heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reactions using crystalline and amorphous iron oxides
  54. Optimized extraction of polyphenols from leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in Lam Dong province, Vietnam, and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity
  55. Synthesis of novel thiourea-/urea-benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents
  56. Potency and selectivity indices of Myristica fragrans Houtt. mace chloroform extract against non-clinical and clinical human pathogens
  57. Simple modifications of nicotinic, isonicotinic, and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acids toward new weapons against plant diseases
  58. Synthesis, optical and structural characterisation of ZnS nanoparticles derived from Zn(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes
  59. Presence of short and cyclic peptides in Acacia and Ziziphus honeys may potentiate their medicinal values
  60. The role of vitamin D deficiency and elevated inflammatory biomarkers as risk factors for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
  61. Quantitative structure–activity relationship study on prolonged anticonvulsant activity of terpene derivatives in pentylenetetrazole test
  62. GADD45B induced the enhancing of cell viability and proliferation in radiotherapy and increased the radioresistance of HONE1 cells
  63. Cannabis sativa L. chemical compositions as potential plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidinesynthase enzyme inhibitors: An in silico study for drug development
  64. Dynamics of λ-cyhalothrin disappearance and expression of selected P450 genes in bees depending on the ambient temperature
  65. Identification of synthetic cannabinoid methyl 2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl] formamido}-3-methylbutanoate using modern mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
  66. Study on the speciation of arsenic in the genuine medicinal material honeysuckle
  67. Two Cu(ii)-based coordination polymers: Crystal structures and treatment activity on periodontitis
  68. Conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate in the presence of mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst
  69. Review Articles
  70. Hsien Wu and his major contributions to the chemical era of immunology
  71. Overview of the major classes of new psychoactive substances, psychoactive effects, analytical determination and conformational analysis of selected illegal drugs
  72. An overview of persistent organic pollutants along the coastal environment of Kuwait
  73. Mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
  74. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2: Everything we know so far – A comprehensive review
  75. Challenge of diabetes mellitus and researchers’ contributions to its control
  76. Advances in the design and application of transition metal oxide-based supercapacitors
  77. Color and composition of beauty products formulated with lemongrass essential oil: Cosmetics formulation with lemongrass essential oil
  78. The structural chemistry of zinc(ii) and nickel(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes
  79. Bioprospecting for antituberculosis natural products – A review
  80. Recent progress in direct urea fuel cell
  81. Rapid Communications
  82. A comparative morphological study of titanium dioxide surface layer dental implants
  83. Changes in the antioxidative properties of honeys during their fermentation
  84. Erratum
  85. Erratum to “Corrosion study of copper in aqueous sulfuric acid solution in the presence of (2E,5E)-2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone and (2E,5E)-bis[(4-dimethylamino)benzylidene]cyclopentanone: Experimental and theoretical study”
  86. Erratum to “Modified TDAE petroleum plasticiser”
  87. Corrigendum
  88. Corrigendum to “A nitric oxide-releasing prodrug promotes apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species”
  89. Special Issue on 3rd IC3PE 2020
  90. Visible light-responsive photocatalyst of SnO2/rGO prepared using Pometia pinnata leaf extract
  91. Antihyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf ethanol extract SNEDDS in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
  92. Selection of oil extraction process from Chlorella species of microalgae by using multi-criteria decision analysis technique for biodiesel production
  93. Special Issue on the 14th Joint Conference of Chemistry (14JCC)
  94. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line
  95. CO2 gas separation using mixed matrix membranes based on polyethersulfone/MIL-100(Al)
  96. Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts
  97. Special Issue on Electrochemical Amplified Sensors
  98. Enhancement of graphene oxide through β-cyclodextrin composite to sensitive analysis of an antidepressant: Sulpiride
  99. Investigation of the spectroelectrochemical behavior of quercetin isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum
  100. An electrochemical sensor for high sensitive determination of lysozyme based on the aptamer competition approach
  101. An improved non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor amplified with CuO nanostructures for sensitive determination of uric acid
  102. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
  103. Fast discrimination of avocado oil for different extracted methods using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy with PCA based on volatile organic compounds
  104. Effect of alkali bases on the synthesis of ZnO quantum dots
  105. Quality evaluation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines in different vintages by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics
  106. Special Issue on the Joint Science Congress of Materials and Polymers (ISCMP 2019)
  107. Diatomaceous Earth: Characterization, thermal modification, and application
  108. Electrochemical determination of atenolol and propranolol using a carbon paste sensor modified with natural ilmenite
  109. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  110. Assessment of the mercury contamination of landfilled and recovered foundry waste – a case study
  111. Primary energy consumption in selected EU Countries compared to global trends
  112. Modified TDAE petroleum plasticiser
  113. Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
  114. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  115. Theoretical study of energy, inertia and nullity of phenylene and anthracene
  116. Banhatti, revan and hyper-indices of silicon carbide Si2C3-III[n,m]
  117. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  118. Occurrence of mycotoxins in selected agricultural and commercial products available in eastern Poland
  119. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  120. Acute and repeated dose 60-day oral toxicity assessment of chemically characterized Berberis hispanica Boiss. and Reut in Wistar rats
  121. Phytochemical profile, in vitro antioxidant, and anti-protein denaturation activities of Curcuma longa L. rhizome and leaves
  122. Antiplasmodial potential of Eucalyptus obliqua leaf methanolic extract against Plasmodium vivax: An in vitro study
  123. Prunus padus L. bark as a functional promoting component in functional herbal infusions – cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects
  124. Molecular and docking studies of tetramethoxy hydroxyflavone compound from Artemisia absinthium against carcinogens found in cigarette smoke
  125. Special Issue on the Joint Science Congress of Materials and Polymers (ISCMP 2020)
  126. Preparation of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) essential oil loaded poly(lactic acid) nanofibers
  127. Influence of mica mineral on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites
  128. Production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomer foams based on the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) rubber and thermoplastic material
  129. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  130. Impact of essential oils on the development of pathogens of the Fusarium genus and germination parameters of selected crops
  131. Yield, volume, quality, and reduction of biotic stress influenced by titanium application in oilseed rape, winter wheat, and maize cultivations
  132. Influence of potato variety on polyphenol profile composition and glycoalcaloid contents of potato juice
  133. Carryover effect of direct-fed microbial supplementation and early weaning on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing Najdi lambs
  134. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  135. The electrochemical redox mechanism and antioxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds based on inlaid multi-walled carbon nanotubes-modified graphite electrode
  136. Study of an adsorption method for trace mercury based on Bacillus subtilis
  137. Special Issue on The 1st Malaysia International Conference on Nanotechnology & Catalysis (MICNC2021)
  138. Mitigating membrane biofouling in biofuel cell system – A review
  139. Mechanical properties of polymeric biomaterials: Modified ePTFE using gamma irradiation
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0023
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
isatin; isatin-pyrrole derivatives; anticancer; HepG2 cell line
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of anthocyanins in Tibetan hulless barley from different geographical locations by UPLC-QTOF-MS and their antioxidant capacities
  3. Effect of sodium chloride on the expression of genes involved in the salt tolerance of Bacillus sp. strain “SX4” isolated from salinized greenhouse soil
  4. GC-MS analysis of mango stem bark extracts (Mangifera indica L.), Haden variety. Possible contribution of volatile compounds to its health effects
  5. Influence of nanoscale-modified apatite-type calcium phosphates on the biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms
  6. Removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution by containment composites
  7. Investigating a human pesticide intoxication incident: The importance of robust analytical approaches
  8. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by chloroform fraction of Juniperus phoenicea and chemical constituents analysis
  9. Recovery of γ-Fe2O3 from copper ore tailings by magnetization roasting and magnetic separation
  10. Effects of different extraction methods on antioxidant properties of blueberry anthocyanins
  11. Modeling the removal of methylene blue dye using a graphene oxide/TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation by intelligent system
  12. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its application in food preservation
  13. Full spectrum and genetic algorithm-selected spectrum-based chemometric methods for simultaneous determination of azilsartan medoxomil, chlorthalidone, and azilsartan: Development, validation, and application on commercial dosage form
  14. Evaluation of the performance of immunoblot and immunodot techniques used to identify autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases
  15. Computational studies by molecular docking of some antiviral drugs with COVID-19 receptors are an approach to medication for COVID-19
  16. Synthesis of amides and esters containing furan rings under microwave-assisted conditions
  17. Simultaneous removal efficiency of H2S and CO2 by high-gravity rotating packed bed: Experiments and simulation
  18. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyrazole, pyridine, coumarin and isoxazole: Dydrogesterone derivatives as antitumor agents
  19. Content and composition analysis of polysaccharides from Blaps rynchopetera and its macrophage phagocytic activity
  20. A new series of 2,4-thiazolidinediones endowed with potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity
  21. Assessing encapsulation of curcumin in cocoliposome: In vitro study
  22. Rare norisodinosterol derivatives from Xenia umbellata: Isolation and anti-proliferative activity
  23. Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activities and HPTLC quantification of rutin in white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and root extracts grown in Saudi Arabia
  24. Comparison of adsorption properties of commercial silica and rice husk ash (RHA) silica: A study by NIR spectroscopy
  25. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a high-capacity material for next-generation sodium-ion capacitors
  26. Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry
  27. The effects of salinity on changes in characteristics of soils collected in a saline region of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
  28. Synthesis, properties, and activity of MoVTeNbO catalysts modified by zirconia-pillared clays in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane
  29. Synthesis and crystal structure of N,N′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea N,N-dimethylformamide
  30. Quantitative analysis of volatile compounds of four Chinese traditional liquors by SPME-GC-MS and determination of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities
  31. A novel separation method of the valuable components for activated clay production wastewater
  32. On ve-degree- and ev-degree-based topological properties of crystallographic structure of cuprite Cu2O
  33. Antihyperglycemic effect and phytochemical investigation of Rubia cordifolia (Indian Madder) leaves extract
  34. Microsphere molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for diazepam analysis using itaconic acid as a monomer in propanol
  35. A nitric oxide-releasing prodrug promotes apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species
  36. Machine vision-based driving and feedback scheme for digital microfluidics system
  37. Study on the application of a steam-foam drive profile modification technology for heavy oil reservoir development
  38. Ni–Ru-containing mixed oxide-based composites as precursors for ethanol steam reforming catalysts: Effect of the synthesis methods on the structural and catalytic properties
  39. Preparation of composite soybean straw-based materials by LDHs modifying as a solid sorbent for removal of Pb(ii) from water samples
  40. Synthesis and spectral characterizations of vanadyl(ii) and chromium(iii) mixed ligand complexes containing metformin drug and glycine amino acid
  41. In vitro evaluation of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic activity isolated from local pickled leaf mustard from Wuwei in Anhui as substitutes for chemical synthetic additives
  42. Utilization and simulation of innovative new binuclear Co(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), and Zn(ii) diimine Schiff base complexes in sterilization and coronavirus resistance (Covid-19)
  43. Phosphorylation of Pit-1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 at serine 126 is associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in prolactinomas
  44. Molecularly imprinted membrane for transport of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 as a hemodialysis candidate membrane
  45. Optimization of Murrayafoline A ethanol extraction process from the roots of Glycosmis stenocarpa, and evaluation of its Tumorigenesis inhibition activity on Hep-G2 cells
  46. Highly sensitive determination of α-lipoic acid in pharmaceuticals on a boron-doped diamond electrode
  47. Synthesis, chemo-informatics, and anticancer evaluation of fluorophenyl-isoxazole derivatives
  48. In vitro and in vivo investigation of polypharmacology of propolis extract as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and chemical properties
  49. Topological indices of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  50. Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2–ZnO catalyst and its catalytic synthesis of rosin glycol ester
  51. Construction of a new luminescent Cd(ii) compound for the detection of Fe3+ and treatment of Hepatitis B
  52. Investigation of bovine serum albumin aggregation upon exposure to silver(i) and copper(ii) metal ions using Zetasizer
  53. Discoloration of methylene blue at neutral pH by heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reactions using crystalline and amorphous iron oxides
  54. Optimized extraction of polyphenols from leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in Lam Dong province, Vietnam, and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity
  55. Synthesis of novel thiourea-/urea-benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents
  56. Potency and selectivity indices of Myristica fragrans Houtt. mace chloroform extract against non-clinical and clinical human pathogens
  57. Simple modifications of nicotinic, isonicotinic, and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acids toward new weapons against plant diseases
  58. Synthesis, optical and structural characterisation of ZnS nanoparticles derived from Zn(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes
  59. Presence of short and cyclic peptides in Acacia and Ziziphus honeys may potentiate their medicinal values
  60. The role of vitamin D deficiency and elevated inflammatory biomarkers as risk factors for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
  61. Quantitative structure–activity relationship study on prolonged anticonvulsant activity of terpene derivatives in pentylenetetrazole test
  62. GADD45B induced the enhancing of cell viability and proliferation in radiotherapy and increased the radioresistance of HONE1 cells
  63. Cannabis sativa L. chemical compositions as potential plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidinesynthase enzyme inhibitors: An in silico study for drug development
  64. Dynamics of λ-cyhalothrin disappearance and expression of selected P450 genes in bees depending on the ambient temperature
  65. Identification of synthetic cannabinoid methyl 2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl] formamido}-3-methylbutanoate using modern mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
  66. Study on the speciation of arsenic in the genuine medicinal material honeysuckle
  67. Two Cu(ii)-based coordination polymers: Crystal structures and treatment activity on periodontitis
  68. Conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate in the presence of mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst
  69. Review Articles
  70. Hsien Wu and his major contributions to the chemical era of immunology
  71. Overview of the major classes of new psychoactive substances, psychoactive effects, analytical determination and conformational analysis of selected illegal drugs
  72. An overview of persistent organic pollutants along the coastal environment of Kuwait
  73. Mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
  74. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2: Everything we know so far – A comprehensive review
  75. Challenge of diabetes mellitus and researchers’ contributions to its control
  76. Advances in the design and application of transition metal oxide-based supercapacitors
  77. Color and composition of beauty products formulated with lemongrass essential oil: Cosmetics formulation with lemongrass essential oil
  78. The structural chemistry of zinc(ii) and nickel(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes
  79. Bioprospecting for antituberculosis natural products – A review
  80. Recent progress in direct urea fuel cell
  81. Rapid Communications
  82. A comparative morphological study of titanium dioxide surface layer dental implants
  83. Changes in the antioxidative properties of honeys during their fermentation
  84. Erratum
  85. Erratum to “Corrosion study of copper in aqueous sulfuric acid solution in the presence of (2E,5E)-2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone and (2E,5E)-bis[(4-dimethylamino)benzylidene]cyclopentanone: Experimental and theoretical study”
  86. Erratum to “Modified TDAE petroleum plasticiser”
  87. Corrigendum
  88. Corrigendum to “A nitric oxide-releasing prodrug promotes apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species”
  89. Special Issue on 3rd IC3PE 2020
  90. Visible light-responsive photocatalyst of SnO2/rGO prepared using Pometia pinnata leaf extract
  91. Antihyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf ethanol extract SNEDDS in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
  92. Selection of oil extraction process from Chlorella species of microalgae by using multi-criteria decision analysis technique for biodiesel production
  93. Special Issue on the 14th Joint Conference of Chemistry (14JCC)
  94. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line
  95. CO2 gas separation using mixed matrix membranes based on polyethersulfone/MIL-100(Al)
  96. Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts
  97. Special Issue on Electrochemical Amplified Sensors
  98. Enhancement of graphene oxide through β-cyclodextrin composite to sensitive analysis of an antidepressant: Sulpiride
  99. Investigation of the spectroelectrochemical behavior of quercetin isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum
  100. An electrochemical sensor for high sensitive determination of lysozyme based on the aptamer competition approach
  101. An improved non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor amplified with CuO nanostructures for sensitive determination of uric acid
  102. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
  103. Fast discrimination of avocado oil for different extracted methods using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy with PCA based on volatile organic compounds
  104. Effect of alkali bases on the synthesis of ZnO quantum dots
  105. Quality evaluation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines in different vintages by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics
  106. Special Issue on the Joint Science Congress of Materials and Polymers (ISCMP 2019)
  107. Diatomaceous Earth: Characterization, thermal modification, and application
  108. Electrochemical determination of atenolol and propranolol using a carbon paste sensor modified with natural ilmenite
  109. Special Issue on the Conference of Energy, Fuels, Environment 2020
  110. Assessment of the mercury contamination of landfilled and recovered foundry waste – a case study
  111. Primary energy consumption in selected EU Countries compared to global trends
  112. Modified TDAE petroleum plasticiser
  113. Use of glycerol waste in lactic acid bacteria metabolism for the production of lactic acid: State of the art in Poland
  114. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  115. Theoretical study of energy, inertia and nullity of phenylene and anthracene
  116. Banhatti, revan and hyper-indices of silicon carbide Si2C3-III[n,m]
  117. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  118. Occurrence of mycotoxins in selected agricultural and commercial products available in eastern Poland
  119. Special Issue on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Medicinal Plants
  120. Acute and repeated dose 60-day oral toxicity assessment of chemically characterized Berberis hispanica Boiss. and Reut in Wistar rats
  121. Phytochemical profile, in vitro antioxidant, and anti-protein denaturation activities of Curcuma longa L. rhizome and leaves
  122. Antiplasmodial potential of Eucalyptus obliqua leaf methanolic extract against Plasmodium vivax: An in vitro study
  123. Prunus padus L. bark as a functional promoting component in functional herbal infusions – cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects
  124. Molecular and docking studies of tetramethoxy hydroxyflavone compound from Artemisia absinthium against carcinogens found in cigarette smoke
  125. Special Issue on the Joint Science Congress of Materials and Polymers (ISCMP 2020)
  126. Preparation of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) essential oil loaded poly(lactic acid) nanofibers
  127. Influence of mica mineral on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites
  128. Production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomer foams based on the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS) rubber and thermoplastic material
  129. Special Issue on Applied Chemistry in Agriculture and Food Science
  130. Impact of essential oils on the development of pathogens of the Fusarium genus and germination parameters of selected crops
  131. Yield, volume, quality, and reduction of biotic stress influenced by titanium application in oilseed rape, winter wheat, and maize cultivations
  132. Influence of potato variety on polyphenol profile composition and glycoalcaloid contents of potato juice
  133. Carryover effect of direct-fed microbial supplementation and early weaning on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing Najdi lambs
  134. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ABB 2021)
  135. The electrochemical redox mechanism and antioxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds based on inlaid multi-walled carbon nanotubes-modified graphite electrode
  136. Study of an adsorption method for trace mercury based on Bacillus subtilis
  137. Special Issue on The 1st Malaysia International Conference on Nanotechnology & Catalysis (MICNC2021)
  138. Mitigating membrane biofouling in biofuel cell system – A review
  139. Mechanical properties of polymeric biomaterials: Modified ePTFE using gamma irradiation
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