Startseite Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry
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Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry

  • Guangjiong Qin , Guojie Zhao , Canbin Ouyang EMAIL logo und Jialei Liu EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 15. April 2021
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 19 Heft 1

Abstract

Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrum (GC-IMS) is used to analyze and compare the differences in aroma among different tobacco samples. The aroma substances in tobacco samples in Jilin Changchun are the richest, while those in Guangdong Nanxiong are the lowest. The concentrations of aroma substances such as decanal, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, and 2-methylbutanol were the highest in Guangdong Nanxiong of the three. The concentration of 1-hexanol, cyclohexanone, pentanoic acid, and other aroma substances in Fujian Nanping was high. The concentration of 2-acetylfuran, 2-octanol, isopentanol, 3-methylvaleric acid, phenylacetic acid, and other aroma substances in Changchun area of Jilin Province was low. Through principal component analysis and similarity research, both tobaccos can be distinguished by their production areas and grades from the same.

Keywords: gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry; aroma substances; similarity

1 Introduction

Tobacco is considered to be a plant factory that can provide a variety of chemical components. More than 10,000 chemicals have been found in both tobacco and its smoke [1,2,3,4]. Many functional small molecules including nicotine, solanesol, chlorogenic acid, etc. are included in tobacco leaf. Except such molecules, many macromolecules, such as protein, cellulose, and carbohydrates with different molecule structures, are also included in tobacco leaf [5,6,7,8]. Most of these functional small molecules and macromolecules show strong biological activity and nutritional value [5]. Importantly, the smell, taste, and feel are mostly decided by the integrated response of aroma in tobacco leaves, which has direct relationship with smoker’s enjoyment [9,10,11]. So, the chemical type, content, and distribution in tobacco leaves have strong correlation with cigarette flavor. The volatile and semi-volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters (lactones), and alkenes are called neutral aroma components. And the tobacco flavor is mainly decided by such neutral aroma components [12,13,14,15].

However, it is difficult to measure the content of aroma components in different regions, varieties, and parts of tobacco leaves accurately and quickly. The traditional method is very complex, which is mainly based on liquid chromatography or the quantitative determination of organic small molecules using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection [16,17,18,19,20,21]. These methods require complex sample pretreatment process and the equipment used is very large. The testing process can be only done in the laboratory. Ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) is based on the analysis of ion movement in the gas phase. Most commonly coupled with chromatographic techniques is the drift tube IMS. And the signal from GC-IMS system is two-dimensional: the intensity is a function of the GC retention time and the IMS drift time. It combines an effective method of separation and identification due to its sensitivity, simplicity as well as affordable costs and enables the usage in a non-laboratory environment [22]. The automated, headspace-based sample preparation provides a simple and reproducible injection, with controlled incubation time and temperature [23,24]. So, it provides a possible way to determine the construction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds in tobacco leaves. In this work, GC-IMS technology was used to study the contents of aroma substances in different grades of tobacco from different regions and to analyze the similarity between every sample.

2 Instrument materials and methods

2.1 Instruments

The gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) (FlavourSpec®, Gesellschaft für Analytische Sensorsysteme mbH, Dortmund, Germany) uses an Agilent 490 GC (Agilent Technologies, USA) with a MXT-WAX column (30 m × 0.53 mm i.d., 0.1 µm film thickness, RESTEK). The GC was equipped with an autosampler (CTC Analytics AG, Zwingen, Switzerland) with a headspace sampling unit and a 1 mL gastight syringe (Gerstel GmbH, Mühlheim, Germany).

2.2 Materials

Ten tobacco samples of four grades from three places were used as analysis materials. GDNX C3L (GuangDong NanXiong C3L), GDNX C3F (GuangDong NanXiong C3F), GDNX C4F (GuangDong NanXiong C4F), and GDNX B2F (GuangDong NanXiong B2F) were obtained from Nanxiong in Guangdong province; FJNP C3L (FuJian NanPing C3L), FJNP C3F (FuJian NanPing C3F), FJNP C4F (FuJian NanPing C4F), and FJNP B2F (FuJian NanPing B2F) were obtained from Nanping in Fujian province; JLCC C3L (JiLin ChangChun C3L) and JLCC C3F (JiLin ChangChun C3F) were obtained from Changchun in Jilin province.

Tobacco samples were crushed by a pulverizer and sieved with 80 mesh sieve. The moisture content of tobacco powder was 5.0%. The weight of tobacco powder used in the analysis process was 1.0 g.

2.3 Analysis methods

Aroma substances in tobacco samples from different regions were analyzed by GC-IMS. GC-IMS is equipped with an automatic headspace sampler, which does not require pretreatment of tobacco samples. Accurately weigh 1.0 g tobacco powder and place it in the sample inlet bottle. The injection volume was 500 µL, incubation time was 15 min, and incubation temperature was 80°C. The GC-IMS conditions were: FS (fused silica)-SE-54 (the stationary phase is composed by methyl silicone: 5% phenyl, 1% vinyl silicone) – CB-0.5 (the thickness of stationary phase is 0.5 μm) – 15 m (Column length) – ID (internal diameter): 0.53 mm; 60°C transfer line temperatures; nitrogen carrier gas at a flow rate of 0–2 min, 2 mL/min; 2–10 min, 2–10 mL/min; 10–20 min, 10–100 mL/min; 20–25 min, 100–150 mL/min; the MS conditions were: 45°C ion source and 85°C injector temperature.

  1. Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 GC-IMS 3D spectra analysis

Figures 1 and 2 are GC-IMS spectrum of tobacco powder and GC-IMS spectrum difference of tobacco powder, respectively. The background of the entire figure is blue, and the left red vertical line is the RIP peak (Reactant Ions Positive peak, drift time is around 7.81 ms). Each point on both sides of the RIP peak represents a volatile organic compound. GC-IMS spectrum was referred to as one spectrum. The colors of substances with the same concentration in another spectrum cancel out as white. White implies low concentration, and red is a high concentration. A darker color implies a higher concentration. The blue area in the referenced sample indicated that the concentration of the substance was lower than that of the reference sample. A darker blue implies a lower concentration. The red area in the referenced sample indicated that the concentration of the substance was higher than that of the reference sample. A darker red implies a higher concentration.

Figure 1 Ion mobility spectrum of tobacco samples.
Figure 1

Ion mobility spectrum of tobacco samples.

Figure 2 Difference diagram of ion mobility spectrum of tobacco samples.
Figure 2

Difference diagram of ion mobility spectrum of tobacco samples.

GC-IMS technology can detect a variety of aroma substances from tobacco leaves as shown in the ion mobility spectrum. The difference diagram of the ion mobility spectrum shows that GC-IMS technology can compare and analyze the differences of aromatic substances in different tobacco samples. The GC-IMS spectrum results show that the two strip peaks to the right of the RIP peak (indicated by the red arrow) were monomers and dimers of acetic acid because the high content in the sample led to the peak throughout. Comparing GC-IMS spectrum of each sample, we show that the composition and proportion of aroma substances in different regions and different grades of tobacco were similar. At the same time, the red part in the atlas of JNCC and FJNP is significantly higher than the blue part, and the red part was very dark, which indicated that the content of aromatic substances in Jilin Changchun (JNCC) and Fujian Nanping (FJNP) was higher than that in Guangdong Nanxiong (GDNX).

3.2 Fingerprint analysis of aroma substances

All of the peaks analyzed in the GC-IMS spectrum were selected to generate fingerprints to compare the differences of volatile organic compounds among the different samples (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Fingerprints of volatile organic compounds peaks.
Figure 3

Fingerprints of volatile organic compounds peaks.

Each row was a sample, and each line was a signal peak of organic matter (the same substance in different samples) with the same retention time and drift time. The fingerprint shows that the contents of aroma substances in tobacco in JNCC and FJNP were more abundant than those in GDNX; their aromatic contents varied. Aromatic substances with a higher concentration in GDNX tobacco samples were n-decyl aldehyde, 1-hydroxy-2-acetone, 2-methyl-butanol, and 2-methylpropionic aldehyde. Aromatic substances with a higher concentration in FJNP tobacco samples were n-hexanol, cyclohexanone, and n-valeric acid. The aromatic substances with higher concentration in JNCC tobacco samples are 2-acetylfuran, 2-octanol, isopentanol, 3-methyl-pentanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, and ethyl acetate. The higher concentrations of aromatic substances in GDNX and FJNP were dimethyl disulfide and ethyl propionate. The aromatic substances with higher concentrations in FJNP samples and JNCC samples were 2-amylfuran, 2-acetopyrrole, benzyl alcohol, linalool, furfural, methyl-5-furfural, acetaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, 6-methyl-5-hept-2-ketone, and isoamyl acetate. The higher concentrations of aromatic substances in the samples of GDNX tobacco and JNCC tobacco were 2-3-butanediol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde.

The aromatic substances with similar concentrations in three tobacco samples from different regions were γ-butyrolactone, acetone, and methyl acetate. The concentrations of 2-phenyl alcohol, 2-hexenol, (trans)-2-hexene-1-alcohol, 2-heptanol, heptanal, benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-butyric acid, ethyl butyrate, and toluene in tobacco samples from GDNX, FJNP, and JNCC increased successively. The concentration of aromatic substances in tobacco samples in GDNX varies greatly. This is mainly reflected in the other three grades of C3L where the concentrations of aroma substances such as 2-hexenol, valeraldehyde, hexanaldehyde, heptanal, octanal, n-nonaldehyde, and propionic acid in C3L grade samples were higher than the other three grades. The 2-3-butanediol, dimethyl disulfide, and ethyl propionate in C3L samples were lower than the other three grades. Table 1 is the peak volume of aroma substances in tobacco. The fingerprint can compare and analyze the concentration of aroma substances among different samples by comparing the fingerprint with the peak volume of aromatic substances.

Table 1

Peak volume data of aroma substancesa,b

Compound GDNX B2F GDNX C3L GDNX C3F GDNX C4F FJNP B2F FJNP C3L FJNP C3F FJNP C4F JLCC C3L JLCC C3F
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 4085.29 4914.55 4712.41 5011.95 6419.31 5235.05 5797.77 5579.47 7228.42 7964.65
γ-Butyrolactone dimer 3097.93 3508.33 3798.63 3203.63 3364.71 3635.28 3678.69 3806.41 3217.48 2866.67
γ-Butyrolactone monomer 1303.24 1990.27 1675.11 1525.91 1182.54 1036.42 1175.15 1119.51 1043.27 1131.94
2-Heptanol 398.05 379.23 417.58 369.48 404.88 422.58 423.27 384.06 661.12 690.18
Linalool 393.11 433.21 440.18 343.05 407.71 523.63 477.68 538.69 587.39 533.43
3-Methylvaleric acid dimer 137.93 137.36 174.18 187.36 149.96 136.98 152.31 116.59 294.52 268.76
Isoamyl acetate monomer 177.99 140.48 154.25 175.01 198.83 213.65 213.91 212.36 199.31 186.02
Pentanoic acid 387.84 235.11 344.61 351.18 650.21 674.05 524.15 670.26 519.79 451.86
1-Hydroxy-2-propanone 219.01 133.03 187.08 153.51 113.46 142.39 129.75 133.53 142.91 166.58
2-Methylbutanol dimer 280.65 175.47 200.45 235.33 333.04 339.71 297.11 317.21 311.01 266.93
2-Acetylpyrrole 96.35 58.75 89.91 91.46 107.81 106.15 109.07 101.05 122.12 102.76
3-Methylvaleric acid monomer 174.48 154.37 159.63 171.76 126.57 132.97 141.45 130.96 101.39 118.51
2-Acetylfuran 74.11 100.34 77.11 79.56 53.74 58.18 62.95 58.32 83.54 105.61
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 254.04 197.45 303.02 264.81 384.21 478.51 375.24 497.02 493.34 403.36
2-Acetylpyridine 58.12 78.43 59.89 77.97 105.1 124.51 118.96 120.58 133.79 128.03
α-Methylbenzenemethanol 30.63 53.35 30.57 31.77 50.51 43.73 41.21 57.51 60.41 68.03
Propylsulfide 395.95 235.44 341.28 339.28 339.15 295.91 321.21 320.48 221.84 243.32
Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate 158.07 81.36 114.86 125.73 351.01 350.64 262.58 401.35 185.88 134.67
2-Methylbutanoic acid 124.67 93.01 134.74 114.27 136.65 142.19 116.81 143.51 86.96 90.09
2-Methyl-1-propanol 150.46 227.94 176.41 174.79 116.56 108.68 118.68 130.22 109.82 118.25
2-Pentanone 214.61 123.96 211.89 185.44 222.87 147.71 169.13 150.69 266.79 245.43
E_Z-2-6-Nonadienal 58.43 102.16 94.68 89.72 24.31 43.95 47.91 46.73 57.12 76.04
n-Nonanal dimer 52.33 69.87 66.37 64.35 50.13 54.52 36.94 60.02 63.38 55.51
5-Methylfurfuryl alcohol 56.68 113.81 87.23 84.03 109.83 95.53 98.09 95.62 118.46 126.57
Ethyl pentanoate 18.57 14.09 20.71 24.74 32.74 33.76 28.81 23.51 29.22 28.28
Isopentanol 21.11 72.09 28.01 30.03 37.99 46.02 42.64 43.51 48.92 49.13
Acetoin 3880.71 3617.96 4404.33 3662.86 2483.83 2733.37 2854.58 2788.58 4357.46 4239.45
2-Butanone 1038.15 655.47 830.88 793.16 782.87 692.47 719.25 644.53 773.53 811.42
Furfural dimer 651.03 1022.48 875.27 717.93 539.55 932.42 995.11 785.41 1219.13 1178.31
2-Hexenol dimer 315.39 1055.41 677.22 619.45 435.66 571.06 831.38 661.85 1029.01 1014.45
Benzaldehyde dimer 564.05 488.29 580.25 543.63 509.87 647.54 581.27 520.71 967.56 875.41
Pentanal dimer 468.49 528.39 464.62 670.07 596.05 393.29 376.38 435.14 377.8 617.33
2-Methyl-propanal dimer 826.22 793.25 824.98 836.57 636.05 420.91 663.61 621.81 564.45 659.05
2-Hexen-1-ol 299.96 300.69 295.62 318.31 414.81 378.55 392.66 344.87 455.86 476.95
n-Nonanal monomer 344.38 473.81 421.18 439.31 296.81 325.86 304.64 347.22 390.64 354.17
2-Pentylfuran 216.02 212.29 208.47 241.14 306.08 274.19 266.39 250.84 370.71 360.31
Octanal 174.09 247.17 233.33 222.18 143.56 139.72 138.86 154.06 164.05 145.31
Phenylacetaldehyde dimer 129.93 162.87 204.06 156.47 196.86 186.11 229.04 227.18 274.18 221.59
Methyl-5-furfural 235.07 226.76 247.16 223.12 283.38 357.84 335.78 343.98 339.51 305.54
Cyclohexanone 178.71 147.15 191.28 200.39 257.51 340.91 221.03 334.85 345.61 256.19
Hexanal dimer 331.69 686.98 460.71 442.43 411.92 186.38 411.93 210.98 240.83 347.58
Hexanal monomer 266.19 443.71 311.14 305.83 235.82 150.06 224.34 164.93 177.47 230.09
Ethyl acetate 69.75 26.76 48.57 35.34 54.83 100.32 64.16 54.09 185.67 148.68
Propanal 839.05 884.76 682.95 863.71 671.08 619.24 629.92 380.89 661.07 1064.19
Ethyl propanoate 526.91 198.59 418.11 367.49 342.15 445.12 389.54 420.21 273.39 248.31
Toluene 77.93 118.84 85.95 87.57 142.21 97.19 115.71 110.02 166.22 163.39
Heptanal monomer 142.48 253.33 188.07 172.76 158.37 146.71 146.76 132.91 233.51 233.93
2-Octanol 96.71 74.85 86.06 114.64 156.09 117.87 113.35 117.93 196.05 259.92
2-Methyl-propanal monomer 261.33 393.83 323.43 263.76 148.93 161.87 185.65 212.79 200.94 194.66
Pentanal monomer 142.05 249.68 170.81 185.15 154.75 98.88 122.24 116.13 137.01 175.74
1-Pentanol monomer 99.51 109.34 96.49 102.64 97.37 88.41 91.95 91.19 124.84 119.85
2-Methylbutanol monomer 160.71 164.61 139.81 157.39 154.07 160.58 149.51 162.45 126.82 137.61
Alpha-Terpieol 237.81 144.73 209.76 206.07 209.91 239.53 196.64 186.65 234.79 255.77
1-Hexanol 38.83 35.37 35.17 28.91 66.88 75.63 119.99 97.73 58.73 62.41
1-Pentanol dimer 53.53 36.92 35.33 45.51 92.57 98.06 68.75 66.81 142.33 134.97
2-Phenylethanol 84.22 58.78 82.44 85.51 103.17 101.36 89.03 125.57 143.31 150.74
Phenylacetic acid 441.31 405.31 434.82 428.01 339.74 417.84 359.81 351.81 594.45 687.66
2-Hexenol monomer 98.06 347.02 169.69 153.41 158.96 148.49 160.99 154.81 191.36 208.31
2-3-Butanediol 479.88 402.41 520.58 536.64 430.81 511.76 343.44 438.15 534.17 569.44
Isoamyl acetate dimer 177.24 60.06 103.75 129.52 180.15 336.01 210.48 179.61 500.61 309.77
Methional 84.34 123.29 96.02 86.91 130.77 142.13 174.51 152.32 101.73 107.88
Furfural monomer 363.45 586.69 449.07 421.96 327.51 320.83 381.87 337.76 329.48 374.45
Ethyl butyrate 22.49 23.01 25.63 33.36 53.17 82.45 97.41 45.37 128.67 119.66
Propanoic acid 68.16 306.71 130.06 144.03 147.04 141.09 156.31 138.04 144.72 172.11
Dimethyl disulphide 563.11 277.73 455.33 474.55 537.75 593.91 563.43 579.33 372.21 393.08
Phenylacetaldehyde monomer 433.14 640.91 604.67 520.54 523.43 469.76 549.75 518.36 533.18 529.48
Benzaldehyde monomer 757.71 774.16 736.34 761.76 631.83 625.15 646.81 610.18 632.11 689.17
Methyl ester acetic acid 3906.26 3068.07 3588.51 3381.43 4175.57 5503.17 4649.72 4429.14 4538.55 4128.06
Acetone 4081.39 3816.05 4066.41 4045.42 4298.59 3716.69 4041.78 3671.99 3795.05 4192.24
2-3-Butandione 260.18 337.81 280.79 321.25 365.61 266.16 296.92 245.75 324.66 358.84
2-Ethylfuran 1125.52 2621.62 1644.34 1568.37 2683.11 2340.25 2848.04 2469.15 3129.54 2913.69
Z 3-Hexen-1-ol 117.28 137.17 127.77 129.54 72.73 78.79 113.85 79.28 183.53 197.87
Heptanal dimer 38.01 68.33 46.22 50.61 57.07 44.63 54.88 37.81 60.89 63.47
3-Methylbutanal 743.41 824.95 826.88 808.45 717.96 647.56 783.31 717.16 809.03 934.73
Benzenemethanol 100.64 71.93 92.32 92.41 103.99 111.44 104.01 113.81 111.61 121.29
  1. a

    Compound content is the relative peak area after being normalized.

  2. b

    Just the main peak area was used to evaluate the compound content.

3.3 Principal component analysis and similarity analysis of different samples

Figure 4 is a principal component analysis of all volatile aroma substances in tobacco samples in which the contribution rate of the first principal component was 59%, the contribution rate of the second principal component was 20%, and the contribution rate of the two principal components was 79%. The results show that tobacco samples from three regions could be clearly distinguished by only the first and second principal components. The dispersion degree of tobacco samples from GDNX and JNCC was relatively high, but the dispersion degree of tobacco samples of C3F and C4F grades in GDNX was relatively low. In other words, the samples were quite similar. The dispersion of tobacco samples in FJNP was relatively low. Samples C3F, B2F, and C4F were quite similar, and they had no obvious distinction. For a more accurate analysis of different grades of tobacco samples from different producing areas, the similarity of each sample was calculated using information on all volatile substances as the object of calculation (Table 2).

Figure 4 PCA plots of all tobacco samples.
Figure 4

PCA plots of all tobacco samples.

Table 2

Similarity between samples

Matching % GDNX C3L GDNX C3L GDNX C3F GDNX C3F GDNX C4F GDNX C4F GDNX B2F GDNX B2F FJNP C3F FJNP C3F FJNP B2F FJNP B2F FJNP C4F FJNP C4F FJNP C3L FJNP C3L JLCC C3L JLCC C3L JLCC C3F JLCC C3F
GDNX C3L 100 93 84 81 80 79 74 72 68 69 66 66 70 67 64 63 60 60 67 65
GDNX C3L 93 100 87 84 84 84 78 77 71 72 69 69 73 70 68 66 63 63 70 68
GDNX C3F 84 87 100 94 92 92 87 85 78 77 75 75 78 76 73 72 67 67 73 71
GDNX C3F 81 84 94 100 94 94 90 89 77 77 76 76 78 77 73 72 66 67 73 71
GDNX C4F 80 84 92 94 100 98 90 89 77 77 78 79 79 77 75 73 67 66 73 71
GDNX C4F 79 84 92 94 98 100 91 90 78 78 79 79 80 78 76 74 68 68 74 72
GDNX B2F 74 78 87 90 90 91 100 95 77 77 78 78 78 77 76 75 67 67 72 70
GDNX B2F 72 77 85 89 89 90 95 100 75 75 77 78 78 77 74 73 65 65 70 69
FJNP C3F 68 71 78 77 77 78 77 75 100 94 87 85 88 86 88 87 81 79 80 81
FJNP C3F 69 72 77 77 77 78 77 75 94 100 90 89 92 91 91 90 81 78 81 80
FJNP B2F 66 69 75 76 78 79 78 77 87 90 100 96 91 90 90 89 81 79 82 81
FJNP B2F 66 69 75 76 79 79 78 78 85 89 96 100 91 90 90 88 78 76 81 79
FJNP C4F 70 73 78 78 79 80 78 78 88 92 91 91 100 95 91 90 79 76 80 78
FJNP C4F 67 70 76 77 77 78 77 77 86 91 90 90 95 100 91 91 78 76 79 77
FJNP C3L 64 68 73 73 75 76 76 74 88 91 90 90 91 91 100 96 81 78 79 78
FJNP C3L 63 66 72 72 73 74 75 73 87 90 89 88 90 91 96 100 81 78 78 78
JLCC C3L 60 63 67 66 67 68 67 65 81 81 81 78 79 78 81 81 100 94 89 91
JLCC C3L 60 63 67 67 66 68 67 65 79 78 79 76 76 76 78 78 94 100 91 92
JLCC C3F 67 70 73 73 73 74 72 70 80 81 82 81 80 79 79 78 89 91 100 95
JLCC C3F 65 68 71 71 71 72 70 69 81 80 81 79 78 77 78 78 91 92 95 100

We took the information on volatiles as the calculation object to determine the similarity of each sample (Table 2); two parallel samples were used for each sample. Table 2 shows that the similarity of the same grade tobacco samples from the same producing area in GDNX was higher than 93, and the similarity of C3F and C4F was 94. Therefore, to judge the grade of tobacco samples in GDNX, the similarity degree with known samples was supposed to be higher than 94. The similarity between the same grade of tobacco samples from the same producing area in FJNP and JLCC was the lowest at 94. The similarity between samples of different grades of tobacco was the highest at 92. Therefore, to judge the grade of tobacco samples from the two places, the similarity of known samples ought to reach 93. The similarity between tobacco samples from GDNX and those from the two other regions was the highest at 80, and the lowest at 72. Therefore, the similarity between samples from GDNX and those from GDNX ought to reach above 80 to determine whether the tobacco samples were produced in GDNX. The similarity between tobacco samples from FJNP and those from other two regions was 81, while the similarity between tobacco samples from FJNP was 85. Therefore, to judge whether the tobacco sample was produced in FJNP, the similarity between the sample and Nanping should reach 85. The similarity between the tobacco samples from JLCC and the other two regions was the highest at 82 and the lowest at 89. Therefore, the similarity between the tobacco samples from JLCC should be at least 89.

4 Conclusion

The concentration difference of aroma substances in samples from different regions or different samples from the same region could be given by GC-IMS spectrum. The response fingerprints data could qualitatively and intuitively compare the differences in concentrations of aroma substances in different tobacco samples. The integral data of chromatography can be given accurately and quantitatively differences of different tobacco samples. The origin and grade of the unknown tobacco sample could be determined by the similarity between the unknown tobacco sample and the known tobacco sample. The minimum similarity was 81 to determine whether the sample was from GDNX province; it was 85 to determine whether it is from FJNP and 94 for JLCC. If the grade of tobacco samples of unknown origin was determined, then the similarity between tobacco samples from GDNX province should reach a minimum of 95.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank Tiejun Yan (Hubei China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China) for his assistance in collection of tobacco samples.

  1. Funding information: This study was funded by Basic Research Project of Hubei Tobacco Corporation (No. 027Y2018-028) and China Tobacco Hubei Industrial LLC (No. 2018420000340428).

  2. Author contributions: Conceptualization and funding acquisition, Jialei Liu; data curation and formal analysis, Guangjiong Qin; investigation and methodology, Guojie Zhao; writing, Canbin Ouyang. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest

  4. Data availability statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Received: 2020-05-18
Revised: 2021-01-17
Accepted: 2021-01-26
Published Online: 2021-04-15

© 2021 Guangjiong Qin et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0116
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry; aroma substances; similarity
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of anthocyanins in Tibetan hulless barley from different geographical locations by UPLC-QTOF-MS and their antioxidant capacities
  3. Effect of sodium chloride on the expression of genes involved in the salt tolerance of Bacillus sp. strain “SX4” isolated from salinized greenhouse soil
  4. GC-MS analysis of mango stem bark extracts (Mangifera indica L.), Haden variety. Possible contribution of volatile compounds to its health effects
  5. Influence of nanoscale-modified apatite-type calcium phosphates on the biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms
  6. Removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution by containment composites
  7. Investigating a human pesticide intoxication incident: The importance of robust analytical approaches
  8. Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by chloroform fraction of Juniperus phoenicea and chemical constituents analysis
  9. Recovery of γ-Fe2O3 from copper ore tailings by magnetization roasting and magnetic separation
  10. Effects of different extraction methods on antioxidant properties of blueberry anthocyanins
  11. Modeling the removal of methylene blue dye using a graphene oxide/TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation by intelligent system
  12. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its application in food preservation
  13. Full spectrum and genetic algorithm-selected spectrum-based chemometric methods for simultaneous determination of azilsartan medoxomil, chlorthalidone, and azilsartan: Development, validation, and application on commercial dosage form
  14. Evaluation of the performance of immunoblot and immunodot techniques used to identify autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases
  15. Computational studies by molecular docking of some antiviral drugs with COVID-19 receptors are an approach to medication for COVID-19
  16. Synthesis of amides and esters containing furan rings under microwave-assisted conditions
  17. Simultaneous removal efficiency of H2S and CO2 by high-gravity rotating packed bed: Experiments and simulation
  18. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel thiophene, pyrimidine, pyrazole, pyridine, coumarin and isoxazole: Dydrogesterone derivatives as antitumor agents
  19. Content and composition analysis of polysaccharides from Blaps rynchopetera and its macrophage phagocytic activity
  20. A new series of 2,4-thiazolidinediones endowed with potent aldose reductase inhibitory activity
  21. Assessing encapsulation of curcumin in cocoliposome: In vitro study
  22. Rare norisodinosterol derivatives from Xenia umbellata: Isolation and anti-proliferative activity
  23. Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activities and HPTLC quantification of rutin in white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and root extracts grown in Saudi Arabia
  24. Comparison of adsorption properties of commercial silica and rice husk ash (RHA) silica: A study by NIR spectroscopy
  25. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a high-capacity material for next-generation sodium-ion capacitors
  26. Aroma components of tobacco powder from different producing areas based on gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry
  27. The effects of salinity on changes in characteristics of soils collected in a saline region of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
  28. Synthesis, properties, and activity of MoVTeNbO catalysts modified by zirconia-pillared clays in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane
  29. Synthesis and crystal structure of N,N′-bis(4-chlorophenyl)thiourea N,N-dimethylformamide
  30. Quantitative analysis of volatile compounds of four Chinese traditional liquors by SPME-GC-MS and determination of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities
  31. A novel separation method of the valuable components for activated clay production wastewater
  32. On ve-degree- and ev-degree-based topological properties of crystallographic structure of cuprite Cu2O
  33. Antihyperglycemic effect and phytochemical investigation of Rubia cordifolia (Indian Madder) leaves extract
  34. Microsphere molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for diazepam analysis using itaconic acid as a monomer in propanol
  35. A nitric oxide-releasing prodrug promotes apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species
  36. Machine vision-based driving and feedback scheme for digital microfluidics system
  37. Study on the application of a steam-foam drive profile modification technology for heavy oil reservoir development
  38. Ni–Ru-containing mixed oxide-based composites as precursors for ethanol steam reforming catalysts: Effect of the synthesis methods on the structural and catalytic properties
  39. Preparation of composite soybean straw-based materials by LDHs modifying as a solid sorbent for removal of Pb(ii) from water samples
  40. Synthesis and spectral characterizations of vanadyl(ii) and chromium(iii) mixed ligand complexes containing metformin drug and glycine amino acid
  41. In vitro evaluation of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic activity isolated from local pickled leaf mustard from Wuwei in Anhui as substitutes for chemical synthetic additives
  42. Utilization and simulation of innovative new binuclear Co(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii), and Zn(ii) diimine Schiff base complexes in sterilization and coronavirus resistance (Covid-19)
  43. Phosphorylation of Pit-1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 at serine 126 is associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in prolactinomas
  44. Molecularly imprinted membrane for transport of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 as a hemodialysis candidate membrane
  45. Optimization of Murrayafoline A ethanol extraction process from the roots of Glycosmis stenocarpa, and evaluation of its Tumorigenesis inhibition activity on Hep-G2 cells
  46. Highly sensitive determination of α-lipoic acid in pharmaceuticals on a boron-doped diamond electrode
  47. Synthesis, chemo-informatics, and anticancer evaluation of fluorophenyl-isoxazole derivatives
  48. In vitro and in vivo investigation of polypharmacology of propolis extract as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and chemical properties
  49. Topological indices of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
  50. Preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2–ZnO catalyst and its catalytic synthesis of rosin glycol ester
  51. Construction of a new luminescent Cd(ii) compound for the detection of Fe3+ and treatment of Hepatitis B
  52. Investigation of bovine serum albumin aggregation upon exposure to silver(i) and copper(ii) metal ions using Zetasizer
  53. Discoloration of methylene blue at neutral pH by heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like reactions using crystalline and amorphous iron oxides
  54. Optimized extraction of polyphenols from leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in Lam Dong province, Vietnam, and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity
  55. Synthesis of novel thiourea-/urea-benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents
  56. Potency and selectivity indices of Myristica fragrans Houtt. mace chloroform extract against non-clinical and clinical human pathogens
  57. Simple modifications of nicotinic, isonicotinic, and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acids toward new weapons against plant diseases
  58. Synthesis, optical and structural characterisation of ZnS nanoparticles derived from Zn(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes
  59. Presence of short and cyclic peptides in Acacia and Ziziphus honeys may potentiate their medicinal values
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  71. Overview of the major classes of new psychoactive substances, psychoactive effects, analytical determination and conformational analysis of selected illegal drugs
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  78. The structural chemistry of zinc(ii) and nickel(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes
  79. Bioprospecting for antituberculosis natural products – A review
  80. Recent progress in direct urea fuel cell
  81. Rapid Communications
  82. A comparative morphological study of titanium dioxide surface layer dental implants
  83. Changes in the antioxidative properties of honeys during their fermentation
  84. Erratum
  85. Erratum to “Corrosion study of copper in aqueous sulfuric acid solution in the presence of (2E,5E)-2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone and (2E,5E)-bis[(4-dimethylamino)benzylidene]cyclopentanone: Experimental and theoretical study”
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  87. Corrigendum
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  89. Special Issue on 3rd IC3PE 2020
  90. Visible light-responsive photocatalyst of SnO2/rGO prepared using Pometia pinnata leaf extract
  91. Antihyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf ethanol extract SNEDDS in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
  92. Selection of oil extraction process from Chlorella species of microalgae by using multi-criteria decision analysis technique for biodiesel production
  93. Special Issue on the 14th Joint Conference of Chemistry (14JCC)
  94. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives against HepG2 cell line
  95. CO2 gas separation using mixed matrix membranes based on polyethersulfone/MIL-100(Al)
  96. Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts
  97. Special Issue on Electrochemical Amplified Sensors
  98. Enhancement of graphene oxide through β-cyclodextrin composite to sensitive analysis of an antidepressant: Sulpiride
  99. Investigation of the spectroelectrochemical behavior of quercetin isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum
  100. An electrochemical sensor for high sensitive determination of lysozyme based on the aptamer competition approach
  101. An improved non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor amplified with CuO nanostructures for sensitive determination of uric acid
  102. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
  103. Fast discrimination of avocado oil for different extracted methods using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy with PCA based on volatile organic compounds
  104. Effect of alkali bases on the synthesis of ZnO quantum dots
  105. Quality evaluation of Cabernet Sauvignon wines in different vintages by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics
  106. Special Issue on the Joint Science Congress of Materials and Polymers (ISCMP 2019)
  107. Diatomaceous Earth: Characterization, thermal modification, and application
  108. Electrochemical determination of atenolol and propranolol using a carbon paste sensor modified with natural ilmenite
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Heruntergeladen am 16.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/chem-2020-0116/html?lang=de
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