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Evaluation of Viaducts’ contribution to road network accessibility in the Yunnan–Guizhou area based on the node deletion method

  • Zichen Wang , Changxiu Cheng EMAIL logo , Lanlan Guo and Shan Liu
Published/Copyright: March 15, 2024
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Open Geosciences
From the journal Open Geosciences Volume 16 Issue 1

Abstract

It is necessary to evaluate the construction effect of viaducts and identify the viaducts that play a key role in road networks. Based on the node deletion method, this article proposes a method to identify the importance of viaducts in road networks. After applying this method to simulate the importance of viaducts in the highway networks in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces from 2001 to 2020, the results show the following: (1) The viaducts with high importance were mainly built in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016. They are mainly distributed on expressways such as the HUKUN Expressway, HANGRUI Expressway, and YINBAI Expressway. Among the viaducts, the Mengzhai Bridge and Beipanjiang Bridge Hukun are the most important. (2) The importance of viaducts will increase, decrease, or increase first and then decrease. Among the years studied, 2012 and 2016 are important time nodes for change. The trend of changes is affected by the construction of highways and viaducts in other locations. In this road network, there are strong coupling relationships between nodes. (3) The importance of some viaducts is not prominent in the whole region, but that does not mean their construction value is low. They may have a high connectivity effect on specific regions from a local perspective.

Keywords: Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau; viaduct; road network; road accessibility

1 Introduction

Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, located in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, exhibit a fractured landscape composed of staggered valleys and ridges. Affected by the terrain, the transportation infrastructure of the two provinces lags far behind those of the plains and coastal regions, hindering local economic development [1]. In 2000, the density of highway mileage in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces was only 0.254 km/km2, while in the same year, the highway mileage in Henan Province was 0.386 km/km2. To develop the economy of the western area, China implemented the Western Development Plan and improved the infrastructure in remote regions [2]. On this basis, Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces have built a number of viaducts in the past to improve the traffic conditions in backward mountainous areas. The scale and construction speed of these viaducts were beyond imagination. From 2001 to 2020, more than 266 viaducts over 100 m high were built in the two provinces. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the construction effect of the viaducts and identify the viaducts that play a key role in the road network. These tasks will help to maintain the existing viaducts and provide a reference for future bridge site selection.

However, previous evaluations of viaducts were mainly from the engineering perspective to analyze the seismic resistance capacity [3], structural performance [4], stress characteristics [5], and so on. But as viaducts link road networks, there are not only direct losses caused by viaducts’ physical damage but also indirect losses due to time delays in the transportation system [6]. Therefore, it is necessary to combine viaduct analysis with transportation network analysis in the viaduct evaluation. In previous studies, the evaluation of the connecting capacity of viaducts is often used in the post-disaster restoration field. For example, Merschman et al. proposed a decision framework to determine an optimal bridge repair sequence after a disruptive event [7]. Somy et al. developed a mathematical model to improve the resilience of road–bridge transportation networks in the recovery phase [8]. However, these studies discussed the repair sequence of bridges by calculating the changes in the road network’s performance after bridge repair rather than focusing on the characteristics and historical changes of the importance of the bridges in an undamaged road network. Based on the road network accessibility, this study proposed a method to identify the key viaduct nodes in the road network and explore the changes in their importance over the past 20 years.

The problem of identifying critical nodes in the network is widely recognized as a critical node detection problem. Methods to solve such problems can be divided into two categories. One is based on the statistical perspective, the most typical of which is the machine learning-based solutions at the forefront of research. For example, Yu et al. [9] and Munikoti et al. [10] used the convolutional neural network model and the graph neural network model to identify critical nodes in the network. However, sufficient training sample data are required to train the model, which cannot be satisfied in some application scenarios. Therefore, we chose another method, based on the mechanistic perspective, to study in the network analysis domain.

The node deletion method is often used in network analysis research. It was first proposed in 1982 by Corley and Sha, who wanted to find the most vital link in a network whose removal results in the greatest increase in the shortest distance between two nodes [11]. This method has extensive real-world applications [12], such as network attack response [13], biological molecular research [14], Internet of things-based system communication [15], social network analysis [16], and so on. Furthermore, in previous research on evaluating transportation networks, the node deletion method was often used to assess the importance of road sections. Taylor et al. identified vulnerable sections and nodes in an Australian road network by cutting the network at each link of the minimum path in succession [17]. Yin and Xu studied how road network connectivity and efficiency are affected by the disruption of intersections and road sections and identified the critical road sections and intersections [18]. Viljoen and Joubert simulated progressive random link disruption of an urban road network and assessed the impact this had on different network archetypes [19]. There are two treatments in the calculations. One is single node removal, where each road section is disconnected separately [20]. This scheme is easier to calculate, but the simulation scenario is relatively simple. The other is multi-node removal, where multiple road sections are disconnected at the same time [21]. This method can better simulate road failure in the real world, but it is complicated to determine the combination of disconnected road sections. Based on this idea, this article combined two treatment methods to disconnect the road sections where the viaducts are located and then calculated the changes in road network accessibility before and after the sections were disconnected. Then, we ranked the changes by size to evaluate the contributions of the viaducts to the overall transportation network.

Distance measures [22], cumulative opportunity [23], gravity or potential models [24], and other methods are commonly used in the evaluation of road network accessibility. These methods have their own merits and demerits. The cumulative opportunity measure is relatively simple but is sensitive to the given distance or travel time limit defined in its formulation [25]. The results of gravity models are delivered in less meaningful measurements. By comparison, the distance measures are more intuitive and suitable for the calculations of this study [26]. This approach uses different distance cost factors (i.e., distance, travel time, or money) as accessibility indicators, including relative accessibility and integral accessibility [26]. Based on the geometric network of the traffic road network, this article selected the average integral accessibility index to measure the road network accessibility of the Yunnan–Guizhou region with time distance cost as the measurement unit.

The remainder of this article is organized as follows. Section 2 introduces the areas of study and the data used. Section 3 gives the definition and calculation formula of viaduct importance based on road accessibility. Section 4 shows the results of currently important viaducts and the changes in their importance from 2001 to 2020. Section 5 gives some examples illustrating our calculation results to verify the feasibility of the calculation method. Finally, Section 6 concludes this study.

2 Study area and data

2.1 Study area

The study area includes Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, located in Southwest China (97°30′–109°40′E, 21°–29°20′N), covering approximately 570,000 km2 (Figure 1). The main part of the two provinces is the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, where the plateau and mountain areas account for 92.5% and 94% of the provinces’ total areas, respectively [27,28]. The landform undulates terribly at elevations ranging from 76 to 6,456 m. The Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau is the origin or flow place of the Nujiang River, Lancang–Mekong River, Jinsha River, and others, and they have formed deep canyons. Otherwise, karst landforms are very typical in the study area, with the karst area of Guizhou Province measured at 109,084 km2, accounting for 61.9% of the province’s total land area [28]. Therefore, the topography in the area is very complex, hindering the development of transportation.

Figure 1 Distribution of viaducts built in Yunnan–Guizhou area from 2001 to 2020.
Figure 1

Distribution of viaducts built in Yunnan–Guizhou area from 2001 to 2020.

Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces have jurisdiction over 14 prefecture-level cities and 11 autonomous prefectures, including 217 county-level administrative regions. Affected by location, terrain, and other factors, the economic development of most of the county-level administrative regions in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces is relatively backward. For example, the per capita GDP of Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces was 46,267 yuan and 51,975 yuan in 2020, ranking 28th and 23rd in China, respectively [29]. In addition, the economic development of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces has great regional differences, with low levels of development found in remote mountainous areas. For example, the per capita GDP of Zhenxiong County in Yunnan Province was 16,145 yuan, which was only one-third of the per capita GDP of Yunnan Province [30]. Therefore, the evaluation of key traffic nodes is very important.

2.2 Data

The highway data, updated through October 2020, come from the OpenStreetMap dataset (https://www.openstreetmap.org). The topological relationships of highway intersections are verified manually. The expressway network data in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 are provided by the National Earth System Science Data Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China (http://www.geodata.cn). A list of viaducts built in the 2001–2020 period is provided by the HighestBridges website (https://www.highestbridges.com) in tabular form. The table contains each viaduct’s name, year built, height, main span length, and other relevant information. In this study, a total of 266 viaducts above 100 m were selected. Their geographical positions were marked manually based on remote sensing images from Map World. The administrative scope of the base map in this article comes from the Resource and Environmental Science Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://www.resdc.cn).

3 Methods

This study simulated the changes in the importance of viaducts in the highway networks in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces (Figure 2). The highway data in 2020 were obtained to assign speed according to the grade of the road, i.e., 90 km/h for expressways and 60 km/h for other highways. The highway data and the county administrative regions were combined to build the network dataset. In the network dataset, the average integral accessibility was calculated before and after the studied viaduct was removed from the network dataset. The difference between the two average integral accessibilities was considered the importance of the studied viaduct. After the importance of all bridges was calculated, all the viaducts built in 2020 were removed from the network dataset to build the assumed historical network dataset in 2019. Then, the above steps were repeated to obtain the importance of viaducts in 2019. Afterward, all the viaducts built in 2019 were removed to build the historical network dataset in 2018, and so on, until the importance of viaducts in the 2001 network dataset was calculated.

Figure 2 The workflow of the research.
Figure 2

The workflow of the research.

Because of the difficulty of obtaining detailed highway data for each year, this study took the highways in 2020 as the benchmark and removed viaducts to simulate the inverse process of viaducts connecting highways through construction. When studying the importance of viaducts in a given year, it is assumed that the viaducts built after that year were in a disconnection state. Under this assumption, the calculation results of remote years are more uncertain. However, the calculation results can be considered the importance of viaducts under the best traffic conditions at that time.

The average integral accessibility index (A) was calculated to reflect the overall road accessibility of the study area [31]. The value of A was calculated as

A = ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 n T ij n ( i ≠ j ) ,

where T ij is the shortest travel time between county i and county j, and n is the number of county administrative regions in the study area.

4 Results

4.1 Importance of current viaducts

Based on the current highway network, viaducts were removed from the network dataset. The differences in average integral accessibility before and after removing viaducts were calculated to reflect the importance of each viaduct in the highway network. The greater the importance is, the greater the impact of the viaduct’s removal on the highway network in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces. The differences were arranged according to the values to obtain the importance ranking of the viaducts (Table A1).

The viaducts with high importance were mainly built in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016 (Figure 3). Among them, the Mengzhai Bridge and Beipanjiang Bridge Hukun, which were both built in 2009, are the most important. If these viaducts were removed, the average integral accessibility of each county administrative area would increase by 19.95325 h. The Balinghe Bridge takes second place, as its removal would increase the average integral accessibility by 17.93804 h. In addition, there are 70 viaducts whose importance is 0; their removal would not affect the average integral accessibility in the study area.

Figure 3 (a) Data distribution of viaduct importance greater than 0, and (b) rankings of viaduct importance greater than 5.
Figure 3

(a) Data distribution of viaduct importance greater than 0, and (b) rankings of viaduct importance greater than 5.

With its spatial distribution of the importance classifications of the viaducts, Figure 4 shows that the viaducts with high importance are distributed on the expressways. Among them, the viaducts along the HUKUN Expressway are the most important, followed by the viaducts along the HANGRUI Expressway and YINBAI Expressway.

Figure 4 Spatial distribution of the importance classification of viaducts in the highway network in 2001–2020.
Figure 4

Spatial distribution of the importance classification of viaducts in the highway network in 2001–2020.

4.2 Change in viaducts’ importance from 2001 to 2020

Since it is difficult to obtain detailed highway network data for every year, based on the highway data of 2020, viaducts were removed from the highway network dataset year by year from 2020 to simulate the highway network data for each year. Afterward, the importance levels of the viaducts for each year were calculated to obtain the changes in viaduct importance.

The results show that the importance of the viaducts in the highway network changed over time during the construction process of highways and other viaducts (Figure 5). Among them, 2012 and 2016 are important time nodes for change. The importance of most viaducts decreased after their construction. The viaducts with high importance, such as the Mengzhai Bridge, Beipanjiang Bridge Hukun, Balinghe Bridge, and Shayingou Bridge, have decreased in importance since 2012, reducing by more than 45%. However, there are other trends in the importance of some viaducts. In 2016, the importance of the Qingshuihe Bridge, Maweihe Bridge, and Xiaowan Bridge increased by more than 4 h. In addition, there are coupling relationships between viaducts. The importance of viaducts will always be affected by other viaducts, so their importance levels will rise and fall in complex combinations.

Figure 5 Changes in viaducts’ importance in 2001–2020.
Figure 5

Changes in viaducts’ importance in 2001–2020.

5 Discussion

5.1 Spatial distribution of viaduct importance in 2020

Within the whole road network, viaducts in some positions are of prominent importance (Figure 4). The viaducts between Guiyang and Kunming are the most important. They are mainly distributed on the HUKUN Expressway and HANGRUI Expressway, which are critical roads between Yunnan and Guizhou, promoting communication between the two provinces. In addition, since the HUKUN Expressway is the shortest path between the two provincial capitals, the viaducts on this expressway play a key role in connecting transport hub cities. They have high betweenness [32] and strong control ability over the whole network.

Viaducts on the YINBAI Expressway and the western section of the HANGRUI Expressway are also of high importance. The viaducts on the YINBAI Expressway help Guiyang, the provincial capital, control the eastern region of Guizhou and promote communication between the Yunnan–Guizhou area and the eastern provinces. The viaducts on the HANGRUI Expressway help western Yunnan communicate with other counties by expressway for the first time, effectively promoting the connection of mountainous areas in western Yunnan.

5.2 Case analysis of changes in importance

After viaduct construction, their importance will change over time, usually due to the construction of other road sections and viaducts. In the case of different viaduct interactions, the importance of viaducts will increase, decrease, or increase first and then decrease over time. Some cases are explored in the following text to explain this situation.

The orange circles in Figure 6 represent a series of viaducts whose importance decreased over time. These viaducts were built in 2009 at the junction of the two provinces. They connected the first expressway between the two provinces, which is also the shortest path between the capital cities of the two provinces. Before that, Yunnan and Guizhou were connected only through ordinary highways. Therefore, these viaducts had high importance from the beginning of their construction.

Figure 6 Examples of viaducts whose importance decreased after their construction.
Figure 6

Examples of viaducts whose importance decreased after their construction.

However, the importance of these viaducts decreased significantly from 2012 to 2016. That is because with the continuous construction of infrastructure in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, an increasing number of viaducts were built, and the expressway networks were continuously improved. There were more alternative routes available for traffic. Therefore, when these viaducts built in 2009 are removed, the impact on traffic is less than before.

However, there are some viaducts whose importance improved after their construction. For example, on the HANGRUI Expressway in southwest Yunnan, the Gaoligongshan Bridge and Fozhangshan Bridge were completed in 2002 (Figure 7). The importance of these two viaducts was not high at the time; in particular, the importance of the Fozhangshan Bridge was 0. However, when the Nansilu Bridge was completed in 2007, the expressway was finally opened to traffic. Therefore, the importance of the Gaoligongshan Bridge and Fozhangshan Bridge was greatly improved 5 years after their construction.

Figure 7 Examples of viaducts whose importance increased after their construction.
Figure 7

Examples of viaducts whose importance increased after their construction.

The change in viaducts’ importance is influenced by the elements of the whole traffic system. When different situations are combined, there are complex changes in the increase and decrease of viaducts’ importance. For example, the Shimenkan Bridge was the first to be built on the XIARONG Expressway in 2010, and its importance was very low at the time (Figure 8). By 2011, after the construction of the other two viaducts (the Bailupo Bridge and Bamaochong Bridge) on the same expressway, the importance of the Shimenkan Bridge was improved. Because the Bamaochong Bridge and Shimenkan Bridge are close to each other, their importance has always been the same. In 2019, another expressway was opened, along which the Daxiaojing Bridge, Pingtang Bridge, Shahe Bridge, and others were built. This expressway shared some of the traffic pressure of the XIARONG Expressway, whose irreplaceability was reduced. Therefore, the importance of the Shimenkan Bridge, Bailupo Bridge, and Bamaochong Bridge decreased in 2019.

Figure 8 Examples of viaducts whose importance increased and then decreased after their construction.
Figure 8

Examples of viaducts whose importance increased and then decreased after their construction.

5.3 Viaducts with low importance still matter

The improvement of transportation infrastructure, such as bridges, can promote regional economic growth and social development [33,34]. However, the construction of viaducts requires capital and technical investment, so it is necessary to consider the relationship between the construction cost and the effect of viaducts. When we observed the regularity of viaducts’ importance changing with time (Figure 5), we found that the early stage of viaduct construction had an apparent effect. Particularly for the viaducts built in 2009, their importance was very high. However, after 2009, plenty of viaducts with comparatively low importance were still constructed. To understand the reasons for building these viaducts in the highway network, we explored the construction law of viaducts.

By illustrating the expressway network from 2000 to 2020, Figure 9a shows that the expressway network in the Yunnan–Guizhou area has increasingly improved. In 2001, the density of the expressway network was only 0.001452 km/km2. The network structure was incomplete and mainly distributed around provincial capital cities. In 2010, the expressway network initially reached a certain scale, forming a ring-radial road network with Kunming and Guiyang as the center. This network pattern enabled a connection between major cities and significantly improved the road accessibility of the region. Then, the expressway network gradually improved. By 2020, Guizhou had basically formed a mature square net-grid road network. In this situation, Guizhou’s road accessibility was further improved, and more counties were included in the expressway network.

Figure 9 (a) Process of expressway development, and (b) distribution of viaducts built in different years.
Figure 9

(a) Process of expressway development, and (b) distribution of viaducts built in different years.

Comparing the spatial distribution pattern of viaducts and highways, Figure 9 shows that with the change in the road network structure, the status of viaducts also changes. The viaducts before 2009 were mainly built on the radial road system. Due to their special location, they are of high importance. With the continuous construction of expressways, there was a need for further improvement of the road network. Therefore, the construction of subsequent viaducts was mainly used to improve the road network, and the geographical location was not as important as before. Among them, the viaducts in Guizhou were built to improve the gridiron road system and strengthen the robustness of the road network. The viaducts in Yunnan were built to expand the radial road system and enhance the connectivity between Kunming and remote mountainous areas, promoting economic development in these poor areas.

However, the importance of viaducts in the whole region is not prominent enough, which does not mean their construction value is low. In some areas, the construction of viaducts plays a vital role. For example, the Jinshajiang Bridge Taoyuan, built in 2020, is located on the DAYONG Expressway (Figure 10). It crosses the Ludila hydropower station reservoir in the Jinsha River valley, extending the DAYONG Expressway northbound to Yongsheng County. Although overall, it reduces the average integral accessibility of each county administrative area by only 1.72 h, it is an irreplaceable viaduct for Yongsheng County to join the expressway network. If this viaduct was removed, the integral accessibility of Yongsheng County would change from 1,899 to 1961.73 h, an increase of 62.73 h. The Jinshajiang Bridge Taoyuan promotes communication between Yongsheng County and Dali, Kunming, and other cities and is an important factor in promoting the economic development of Yongsheng County.

Figure 10 Location of the Jinshajiang Bridge Taoyuan.
Figure 10

Location of the Jinshajiang Bridge Taoyuan.

6 Conclusions

Based on road accessibility indices, this study simulated the importance of viaducts in the highway networks in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces from 2001 to 2020. Several conclusions can be drawn.

This study calculated the importance of viaducts and ranked them according to their values. The viaducts with high importance were mainly built in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016. These viaducts are mainly distributed on expressways, such as the HUKUN Expressway, HANGRUI Expressway, and YINBAI Expressway.

After viaduct construction, the importance of viaducts will increase, decrease, or increase first and then decrease over time. Among the years studied, 2012 and 2016 are important time nodes for change. The trend of changes is affected by the construction of highways and viaducts in other locations. In road networks, there are strong coupling relationships between nodes. Therefore, the location of a viaduct should be considered by its place within the whole road network.

The importance of some viaducts is not prominent in the whole region; however, this does not mean that their construction value is low. From a local perspective, they may have a high connectivity effect on specific regions.

There are also some limitations in this study. First, the status of the county-level administrative districts in road networks is equal. It would be more realistic if the counties were given weight according to their socioeconomic status. Second, due to the limitations in data acquisition, this study just calculated the impact of viaduct removal on the average integral accessibility from the perspective of individual traffic. In the future, traffic flow data can be used to measure the importance of viaducts considering expressway capacity. Third, the impact of viaduct construction on domains such as poverty alleviation and ecological protection was not thoroughly elaborated. Considering these factors in the calculation will improve the comprehensiveness of the viaduct evaluation. In addition, the study considered only the highway network in the Yunnan–Guizhou area. In the future, calculations can be based on the national highway network so that the connections between Yunnan and Guizhou and other provinces also can be considered.

  1. Funding information: This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA23100303).

  2. Author contributions: ZC: conceptualization, data collection, formal analysis, methodology, writing – original draft; CC: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, validation, writing – review and editing; LG: conceptualization, methodology, validation, writing – review and editing; SL: data collection, writing – review and editing.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The data involved during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Appendix
Table A1

Rankings of viaduct importance in Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces

Year built Chinese name English name Importance (h)
2009 孟寨大桥 Mengzhai Bridge 19.95325
2009 沪昆高速北盘江大桥 Beipanjiang Bridge Hukun 19.95325
2009 坝陵河特大桥 Balinghe Bridge 17.93804
2009 沙银沟大桥 Shayingou Bridge 15.51055
2009 新寨河大桥 Xinzhaihe Bridge 15.28370
2009 白水冲大桥 Baishuichong Bridge 13.09541
2009 虎跳河大桥 Hutiaohe Bridge 9.95283
2009 普安1号大桥 Puan Bridge Number 1 9.95283
2009 小寨大桥 Xiaozhai Bridge 9.44571
2016 抵母河特大桥 Dimuhe Bridge 8.86301
2016 银长沟大桥 Yinchanggou Bridge 8.86301
2002 高黎贡山大桥 Gaoligongshan Bridge 7.94494
2002 飞龙大桥 Feilong Bridge 7.54673
2002 佛掌山大桥 Fozhangshan Bridge 7.44979
2007 南丝路大桥 Nansilu Bridge 7.44979
2015 狗跳岩大桥 Goutiaoyan Bridge 6.87825
2015 马尾河大桥 Maweihe Bridge 6.87825
2008 朱昌河特大桥 Zhuchanghe Bridge 6.77762
2015 清水河特大桥 Qingshuihe Bridge 6.74130
2015 普立特大桥 Puli Bridge 6.00334
2015 小湾大桥 Xiaowan Bridge 6.00334
2016 杭瑞高速北盘江大桥 Beipanjiang Bridge Duge 6.00334
2016 地瓜坡2号大桥 Diguapo Number 2 Bridge 5.70308
2016 青杠坡大桥 Qinggangpo Bridge 5.70308
2016 油迈2号大桥 Youmai #2 Bridge 5.63437
2006 鹰嘴岩大桥 Yingzuiyan Bridge 5.16545
2016 对龙河特大桥 Duilonghe Bridge 5.00873
2010 石门坎特大桥 Shimenkan Bridge 4.72275
2011 芭茅冲特大桥 Bamaochong Bridge 4.72275
2015 总溪河特大桥 Zongxihe Bridge 4.70178
2016 以补鲁大桥 Yibulu Bridge 4.70178
2003 红河大桥 Yuanjiang River Bridge 4.25405
2016 岩根河大桥 Yangenhe Bridge 4.18271
2011 汕昆高速马岭河大桥 Malinghe Bridge Shankun 3.64007
2020 上元1号大桥 Shangyuan Number 1 Bridge 3.62741
2012 杭瑞高速落脚河大桥 Luojiaohe Bridge Hangrui 3.34077
2011 摆鲁坡大桥 Bailupo Bridge 3.20470
2010 乌细沟特大桥 Wuxigou Bridge 3.11382
2010 乌贼沟大桥 Wuzeigou Bridge 3.11382
2010 排调河号大桥一号桥 Paidiaohe Number 1 Bridge 3.11382
2010 排调河号大桥二号桥 Paidiaohe Number 2 Bridge 3.11382
2010 猴子河特大桥 Houzihe Bridge 3.11382
2010 老山特大桥 Laoshan Bridge 3.11382
2010 高尧Ⅰ号大桥 Gaoyao One Bridge 3.11382
2010 高晒溪大桥 Gaoshaixi Bridge 3.11382
2010 也送坡特大桥 Yesongpo Bridge 3.11382
2010 巫进沟Ⅰ号大桥 Wujingou One Bridge 3.11382
2010 巫进沟Ⅱ号大桥 Wujingou Two Bridge 3.11382
2012 金沙特大桥 Jinsha Bridge 2.84555
2010 交梨河特大桥 Jiaolihe Bridge 2.75227
2012 洛安江特大桥 Luoanjiang Bridge G56 2.60845
2013 锁蒙高速公路南盘江特大桥 Nanpanjiang Bridge Suomenggao 2.46840
2019 大小井特大桥 Daxiaojing Bridge 2.17156
2017 沾会高速牛栏江大桥 Niulanjiang Bridge Zhanhui 1.91067
2020 涛源金沙江特大桥 Jinshajiang Bridge Taoyuan 1.72698
2009 坪子上大桥 Pingzishang Bridge 1.67651
2015 黔大高速西溪河大桥 Xixihe Bridge Qianda 1.64660
2019 平塘特大桥 Pingtang Bridge 1.58547
2013 桐子园特大桥 Tongziyuan Bridge 1.55696
2015 八抱树特大桥 Babaoshu Bridge 1.49479
2016 马路坡一号大桥 Malupo #1 Bridge 1.48560
2016 凯峡河特大桥 Kaixiahe Bridge 1.48560
2010 归屯大桥 Guitun Bridge 1.45798
2010 污河昔特大桥 Wuhexi Bridge 1.45798
2010 流架I号大桥 Liujia Number One Bridge 1.45798
2010 九昔大桥 Jiuxi Bridge 1.45798
2010 都柳江一号大桥 Duliujiang Bridge Number 1 1.45798
2010 八吉溪大桥 Bajixi Bridge 1.45798
2015 松河特大桥 Songhe Bridge 1.42336
2013 弄林大桥 Nonglin Bridge 1.36691
2017 小旱庄大桥 Xiaohanzhuang Bridge 1.34518
2013 柏杨湾大桥 Boyangwan Bridge 1.29734
2013 二郎河特大桥 Erlanghe Bridge 1.29734
2013 桐梓特大桥 Tongzihe Bridge 1.29734
2013 五岔河特大桥 Wuchahe Bridge 1.29734
2013 关寨大桥 Guanzhai Bridge 1.29734
2016 方家寨特大桥 Fangjiazhai Bridge 1.29622
2016 羊叉河特大桥 Yangchahe Bridge 1.29622
2013 西游洞大桥 Xiyoudong Bridge 1.24129
2019 宜毕高速赤水河大桥 Chishuihe Bridge Yibi 1.08768
2016 老团坡1号大桥 Laotuanpo Number 1 Bridges 1.08194
2016 老团坡2号大桥 Laotuanpo Number 2 Bridges 1.08194
2018 李子沟大桥 Lizigou Bridge 1.04998
2015 武佐河特大桥 Wuzuohe Bridge 1.04826
2015 夹岩特大桥 Jiayan Bridge 1.01444
2016 三岔沟特大桥 Sanchagou Bridge 0.98671
2016 泡桐湾大桥 Paotongwan Bridge 0.98671
2016 洒鱼河特大桥 Sayuhe Bridge 0.98671
2016 牛家沟大桥 Niujiagou Bridge 0.98671
2016 芝来沟特大桥 Zhilaigou Bridge 0.98671
2016 龙洞湾大桥 Longdongwan Bridge 0.98671
2013 天池特大桥 Tianchi Bridge Dejiang 0.85934
2019 马场河大桥 Machanghe Bridge 0.85588
2019 打见河大桥 Dajianhe Bridge 0.85588
2019 沙河大桥 Shahe Bridge 0.85588
2008 牛棚特大桥 Niupeng Bridge 0.83649
2008 黑冲沟特大桥 Heichonggou Bridge 0.83649
2015 余凯高速舞阳河大桥 Wuyanghe Bridge Yukai 0.78746
2013 新寨大桥 Xinzhai Bridge 0.77186
2013 望龙包特大桥 Wanglongbao Bridge 0.77186
2013 老鹰岩特大桥 Laoyingyan Bridge 0.77186
2014 贞丰北盘江大桥 Beipanjiang Bridge Zhenfeng 0.75885
2016 陡山坝特大桥 Doushanba Bridge 0.74041
2013 清渡河大桥 Qingduhe Bridge 0.72148
2016 马蹄河特大桥 Matihe Bridge 0.68040
2016 麻岭大桥 Maling Bridge Yande 0.68040
2015 纳雍特大桥 Nayong Bridge 0.65455
2013 天桥特大桥 Tian Bridge 0.65306
2013 冷水沟大桥 Lengshuigou Bridge 0.65249
2013 小江河特大桥 Xiaojiang Bridge 0.61905
2008 兰海高速乌江大桥 Wujiang Bridge Lanhai 0.60087
2013 七星河特大桥 Qixinghe Bridge 0.58503
2013 小营盘大桥 Xiaoyingpan Bridge 0.56828
2010 四寨河大桥 Sizhaihe Bridge 0.56760
2013 河头1号大桥 Hetou Bridge Number 1 0.56122
2013 岩子脚特大桥 Yanzijiao Bridge 0.55449
2009 茅台特大桥 Maotai Bridge 0.55085
2013 乌木铺特大桥 Wumupu Bridge 0.55082
2013 麻元特大桥 Mayuan Bridge 0.54263
2016 余庆乌江大桥 Wujiang Bridge Yuqing 0.52137
2013 马岩沟特大桥 Mayangou Bridge 0.48187
2013 土城特大桥 Tucheng Bridge 0.48187
2005 老王田大桥 Laowangtian Bridge 0.47437
2006 各闷特大桥 Gemen Bridge 0.47042
2016 席子河大桥 Xizihe Bridge 0.45656
2015 摆捞河大桥 Bailaohe Bridge 0.44625
2015 石桥特大桥 Shiqiao Bridge 0.44625
2013 六冲河特大桥 Liuchonghe Bridge 0.43544
2016 下平川特大桥 Xiapingchuan Bridge 0.43048
2016 背武甲大桥 Beiwujia Bridge 0.43048
2016 青曲坝大桥 Qingquba Bridge 0.40543
2016 三岔河大桥 Sanchahe Bridge G69 0.39720
2013 赫章特大桥 Hezhang Bridge 0.38897
2017 沙子坡特大桥 Shazipo Bridge 0.38338
2012 龙生特大桥 Zongqihe Viaduct 0.36252
2013 笋子岩大桥 Sunziyan Bridge 0.34781
2019 火花特大桥 Huohua Bridge 0.34425
2013 小关子特大桥 Xiaoguanzi Bridge 0.34033
2013 陛诏大桥 Bizhao Bridge 0.34033
2018 穿岩洞大桥 Chuanyandong Bridge 0.29776
2013 高过河特大桥 Gaoguohe Bridge 0.28850
2015 厦蓉高速三岔河大桥 Sanchahe Bridge Xiarong 0.27402
2015 龙井湾特大桥 Longjingwan Bridge 0.26792
2012 木篷特大桥 Mupeng Bridge 0.25726
2013 龙川河特大桥 Longchuan Bridge 0.25726
2013 杭瑞高速乌江大桥 Wujiang Bridge Hangrui 0.25691
2020 新寨村2号大桥 Xinzhaicun Number 2 Bridge 0.25598
2014 竹林坳特大桥 Zhulinao Bridge 0.23727
2019 格巧高速小江特大桥 Xiaojiang Bridge Geqiao 0.20674
2020 大水沟大桥 Dashuigou Bridge 0.20674
2017 香火岩特大桥 Xianghuoyan Bridge 0.19592
2018 长滩河特大桥 Changtanhe Bridge 0.19592
2018 新田坡特大桥 Xintianpo Bridge 0.19592
2018 柿花寨特大桥 Shihuazhai Bridge 0.19592
2016 官林特大桥 Guanlin Bridge 0.18764
2020 普拉河大桥 Pulahe Bridge 0.16557
2017 徐家寨大桥 Xujiazhai Bridge 0.16363
2013 舞阳河特大桥 Wuyanghe Bridge 0.16008
2013 沿榕高速乌江大桥 Wujiang Bridge Yanrong 0.15576
2014 周家院大桥 Zhoujiayuan Bridge 0.15432
2015 马河特大桥 Mahe Bridge 0.15379
2015 鱼洞大桥 Yudong Bridge 0.15016
2015 余凯高速清水江大桥 Qingshuijiang Bridge Yukai 0.13777
2012 大汶溪大桥 Dawenxi Bridge 0.13776
2014 浪坝河特大桥 Langbahe Bridge 0.13772
2018 水昔河大桥 Shuixihe Bridge 0.12740
2017 息黔高速公路六广河特大桥 Liuguanghe Bridge Xiqian 0.12245
2019 三施江凯河大桥 Jiangkai Bridge Sanshi 0.12001
2019 三施高速舞阳河大桥 Wuyanghe Bridge Sanshi 0.12001
2017 鹿窝大桥 Luwo Bridge 0.09213
2017 息烽河大桥 Xifenghe Bridge 0.09213
2018 楠木渡乌江大桥 Wujiang Bridge Nanmudu 0.08089
2018 银厂河特大桥 Yinchanghe Bridge 0.08089
2017 洋水河特大桥 Yangshuihe Bridge 0.06284
2017 温泉特大桥 Wenquan Bridge 0.06284
2011 田坝大桥 Tianba Bridge 0.05992
2016 白黔高速干河大桥 Ganhe Bridge Baiqian 0.05922
2016 中坪河大桥 Zhongpinghe Bridge 0.05922
2016 耳海河大桥 Erhaihe Bridge 0.05922
2016 巧马林场1号大桥 Qiaomalinchang #1 Bridge 0.04037
2018 夜郎湖特大桥 Yelanghu Bridge 0.03498
2020 牛长河特大桥 Niuchanghe Bridge 0.02873
2016 牛栏江大桥北支 Niulanjiang Bridge Northbound 0.02488
2010 巧马林场1号大桥 Qiaomalinchang #1 Bridge 0.02452
2019 都柳江特大桥 Duliujiang Bridge 0.01049
2019 护国河特大桥 Huguohe Bridge 0.01033
2018 官渡河特大桥 Guanduhe Bridge 0.00241
2012 汶溪大桥 Wenxi Bridge 0.00231
2016 云桂铁路丘北南盘江大桥 Nanpanjiang Railway Bridge Qiubei 0.00075
2012 江门口特大桥 Jiangmenkou Bridge 0.00068
2016 黔灵湖大桥 Qianlinghu Bridge 0.00038
2010 江凯河大桥 Jiangkai Bridge 0.00026
2010 鹅翅膀大桥 Echibang Bridge 0.00026
2007 乌江河大桥 Wujiang Route S204 Bridge 0.00011
2007 盐津河梁桥 Yanjinhe Route S208 Bridge 0.00008
2003 小关水库大桥 Xiaoguanshuiku Bridge 0.00007
2001 乌溪大桥 Wuxi Bridge 0
2001 六广河大桥 Liuguanghe Bridge 0
2001 干沟大桥 Gangou Bridge 0
2001 西溪干沟大桥 Xixi Gangou Bridge 0
2001 贵毕公路落脚河大桥 Luojiaohe Bridge Guibi 0
2001 贵毕公路西溪河大桥 Xixihe Bridge Guibi 0
2003 关兴公路北盘江大桥 Beipanjiang Bridge Guanxing 0
2003 清水大桥 Qingshui Bridge 0
2003 阿志河大桥 Azhihe Bridge 0
2005 两岔河大桥 Liangchahe Bridge 0
2005 六圭河大桥 Liuguihe Bridge 0
2005 南孟溪大桥 Nanmengxi Bridge 0
2005 满天星大桥 Mantianxing Bridge 0
2006 宜良南盘江大桥 Nanpanjiang Bridge Yiliang 0
2006 西山沟大桥 Xishangou Bridge 0
2008 牛栏江大桥南支 Niulanjiang Bridge Southbound 0
2008 珍珠大桥 Zhenzhu Bridge 0
2009 乌江河 闪渡大桥 Wujiang Bridge Shandu 0
2009 漭街渡大桥 Mangjiedu Bridge 0
2010 洛香大桥 Luoxiang Bridge 0
2010 肇兴大桥 Zhaoxing Bridge 0
2011 岩头河大桥 Yantouhe Bridge 0
2011 罗天乐大桥 Luotianle Bridge 0
2012 偏坡特大桥 Pianpo Bridge 0
2012 北盘江花叶岩大桥 Beipanjiang Bridge Huayeyan 0
2012 者告河特大桥 Zhegao Bridge 0
2012 马过河特大桥 Maguohe Bridge 0
2012 叙永赤水河大桥 Chishuihe Bridge Xuyong 0
2012 毕节机场路南河大桥 Diaolanhe Bijie Airport Expressway Bridge 0
2013 油房沟特大桥 Youfanggou Bridge 0
2013 洪渡河特大桥 Hongduhe Bridge 0
2014 城洋北盘江大桥 Beipanjiang Bridge Chengyang 0
2014 情人谷特大桥 Qingrengu Bridge 0
2014 百大特大桥 Baida Bridge 0
2015 云川金沙江大桥 Jinshajiang Bridge Yunchuan 0
2015 法朗沟特大桥 Falanggou Bridge 0
2015 灯场大桥 Dengchang Bridge 0
2015 碾子坪特大桥 Nianziping Bridge 0
2015 金口河大桥 Jinkouhe Bridge 0
2015 韩家沟特大桥 Hanjiagou Bridge 0
2015 北盘江岩架大桥 Beipanjiang Bridge Wang’an 0
2015 在拱特大桥 Zaigong Bridge 0
2015 小河口特大桥 Xiaohekou Bridge 0
2016 大漆特大桥 Daqi Bridge 0
2016 德江小河特大桥 Xiaohe Dejiang Bridge 0
2016 新场特大桥 Xinchang Bridge 0
2016 板仑河特大桥 Banlunhe Bridge 0
2016 沿河乌江大桥 Wujiang Bridge Yanhe 0
2016 芙蓉江大桥 Furongjiang Bridge Dao’an 0
2016 贵黔高速鸭池河大桥 Yachi Bridge 0
2016 乌江海马大桥 Wujiang Bridge Haima 0
2016 马岭河大桥 Malinghe Bridge One 0
2016 龙江大桥 Longjiang Bridge 0
2016 卡拉河大桥 Kalahe Bridge 0
2017 黑土特大桥 Heitu Bridge 0
2017 惠罗高速红水河大桥 Hongshuihe Bridge Huiluo 0
2017 金沙江葫芦口大桥 Jinshajiang Bridge Hulukou 0
2018 临江庙大桥 Linjiangmiao Bridge 0
2018 九天大桥 Jiutian Bridge 0
2018 袁家特大桥 Yuanjia Bridge 0
2018 夜郎河特大桥 Yelanghe Railway Bridge 0
2018 天堂河特大桥 Tiantanghe Bridge 0
2018 底那河大桥 New Dinahe Bridge 0
2019 渔塘特大桥 Yutang Bridge 0
2019 赤水河红军大桥 Chishuihe Bridge Hongjun 0
2019 月亮湾金沙江大桥 Jinshajiang Bridge Yueliangwan 0
2020 小溪大桥 Xiaoxi Bridge 0
2020 羊乐大桥 Yangle Bridge 0
2020 高粱地特大桥 Gaoliangdi Bridge 0
2020 黑泥沟特大桥 Heinigou Bridge 0

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Received: 2023-10-19
Revised: 2023-12-09
Accepted: 2023-12-11
Published Online: 2024-03-15

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  59. Physicochemical and mineralogical composition studies of clays from Share and Tshonga areas, Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria: Implications for Geophagia
  60. Geochemical sedimentary records of eutrophication and environmental change in Chaohu Lake, East China
  61. Research progress of freeze–thaw rock using bibliometric analysis
  62. Mixed irrigation affects the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community
  63. Examining the swelling potential of cohesive soils with high plasticity according to their index properties using GIS
  64. Geological genesis and identification of high-porosity and low-permeability sandstones in the Cretaceous Bashkirchik Formation, northern Tarim Basin
  65. Usability of PPGIS tools exemplified by geodiscussion – a tool for public participation in shaping public space
  66. Efficient development technology of Upper Paleozoic Lower Shihezi tight sandstone gas reservoir in northeastern Ordos Basin
  67. Assessment of soil resources of agricultural landscapes in Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on agrochemical indexes
  68. Evaluating the impact of DEM interpolation algorithms on relief index for soil resource management
  69. Petrogenetic relationship between plutonic and subvolcanic rocks in the Jurassic Shuikoushan complex, South China
  70. A novel workflow for shale lithology identification – A case study in the Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin, China
  71. Characteristics and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs in Fei-3 Member of Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic, Puguang area
  72. Impact of high-speed railway network on county-level accessibility and economic linkage in Jiangxi Province, China: A spatio-temporal data analysis
  73. Estimation model of wild fractional vegetation cover based on RGB vegetation index and its application
  74. Lithofacies, petrography, and geochemistry of the Lamphun oceanic plate stratigraphy: As a record of the subduction history of Paleo-Tethys in Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone of Thailand
  75. Structural features and tectonic activity of the Weihe Fault, central China
  76. Application of the wavelet transform and Hilbert–Huang transform in stratigraphic sequence division of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in Southwest Sichuan Basin
  77. Structural detachment influences the shale gas preservation in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Northern Guizhou Province
  78. Distribution law of Chang 7 Member tight oil in the western Ordos Basin based on geological, logging and numerical simulation techniques
  79. Evaluation of alteration in the geothermal province west of Cappadocia, Türkiye: Mineralogical, petrographical, geochemical, and remote sensing data
  80. Numerical modeling of site response at large strains with simplified nonlinear models: Application to Lotung seismic array
  81. Quantitative characterization of granite failure intensity under dynamic disturbance from energy standpoint
  82. Characteristics of debris flow dynamics and prediction of the hazardous area in Bangou Village, Yanqing District, Beijing, China
  83. Rockfall mapping and susceptibility evaluation based on UAV high-resolution imagery and support vector machine method
  84. Statistical comparison analysis of different real-time kinematic methods for the development of photogrammetric products: CORS-RTK, CORS-RTK + PPK, RTK-DRTK2, and RTK + DRTK2 + GCP
  85. Hydrogeological mapping of fracture networks using earth observation data to improve rainfall–runoff modeling in arid mountains, Saudi Arabia
  86. Petrography and geochemistry of pegmatite and leucogranite of Ntega-Marangara area, Burundi, in relation to rare metal mineralisation
  87. Prediction of formation fracture pressure based on reinforcement learning and XGBoost
  88. Hazard zonation for potential earthquake-induced landslide in the eastern East Kunlun fault zone
  89. Monitoring water infiltration in multiple layers of sandstone coal mining model with cracks using ERT
  90. Study of the patterns of ice lake variation and the factors influencing these changes in the western Nyingchi area
  91. Productive conservation at the landslide prone area under the threat of rapid land cover changes
  92. Sedimentary processes and patterns in deposits corresponding to freshwater lake-facies of hyperpycnal flow – An experimental study based on flume depositional simulations
  93. Study on time-dependent injectability evaluation of mudstone considering the self-healing effect
  94. Detection of objects with diverse geometric shapes in GPR images using deep-learning methods
  95. Behavior of trace metals in sedimentary cores from marine and lacustrine environments in Algeria
  96. Spatiotemporal variation pattern and spatial coupling relationship between NDVI and LST in Mu Us Sandy Land
  97. Formation mechanism and oil-bearing properties of gravity flow sand body of Chang 63 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Huaqing area, Ordos Basin
  98. Diagenesis of marine-continental transitional shale from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin, China
  99. Vertical high-velocity structures and seismic activity in western Shandong Rise, China: Case study inspired by double-difference seismic tomography
  100. Spatial coupling relationship between metamorphic core complex and gold deposits: Constraints from geophysical electromagnetics
  101. Disparities in the geospatial allocation of public facilities from the perspective of living circles
  102. Research on spatial correlation structure of war heritage based on field theory. A case study of Jinzhai County, China
  103. Formation mechanisms of Qiaoba-Zhongdu Danxia landforms in southwestern Sichuan Province, China
  104. Magnetic data interpretation: Implication for structure and hydrocarbon potentiality at Delta Wadi Diit, Southeastern Egypt
  105. Deeply buried clastic rock diagenesis evolution mechanism of Dongdaohaizi sag in the center of Junggar fault basin, Northwest China
  106. Application of LS-RAPID to simulate the motion of two contrasting landslides triggered by earthquakes
  107. The new insight of tectonic setting in Sunda–Banda transition zone using tomography seismic. Case study: 7.1 M deep earthquake 29 August 2023
  108. The critical role of c and φ in ensuring stability: A study on rockfill dams
  109. Evidence of late quaternary activity of the Weining-Shuicheng Fault in Guizhou, China
  110. Extreme hydroclimatic events and response of vegetation in the eastern QTP since 10 ka
  111. Spatial–temporal effect of sea–land gradient on landscape pattern and ecological risk in the coastal zone: A case study of Dalian City
  112. Study on the influence mechanism of land use on carbon storage under multiple scenarios: A case study of Wenzhou
  113. A new method for identifying reservoir fluid properties based on well logging data: A case study from PL block of Bohai Bay Basin, North China
  114. Comparison between thermal models across the Middle Magdalena Valley, Eastern Cordillera, and Eastern Llanos basins in Colombia
  115. Mineralogical and elemental analysis of Kazakh coals from three mines: Preliminary insights from mode of occurrence to environmental impacts
  116. Chlorite-induced porosity evolution in multi-source tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the Shaximiao Formation in western Sichuan Basin
  117. Predicting stability factors for rotational failures in earth slopes and embankments using artificial intelligence techniques
  118. Origin of Late Cretaceous A-type granitoids in South China: Response to the rollback and retreat of the Paleo-Pacific plate
  119. Modification of dolomitization on reservoir spaces in reef–shoal complex: A case study of Permian Changxing Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China
  120. Geological characteristics of the Daduhe gold belt, western Sichuan, China: Implications for exploration
  121. Rock physics model for deep coal-bed methane reservoir based on equivalent medium theory: A case study of Carboniferous-Permian in Eastern Ordos Basin
  122. Enhancing the total-field magnetic anomaly using the normalized source strength
  123. Shear wave velocity profiling of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, utilizing the multi-channel analysis of surface waves method
  124. Effect of coal facies on pore structure heterogeneity of coal measures: Quantitative characterization and comparative study
  125. Inversion method of organic matter content of different types of soils in black soil area based on hyperspectral indices
  126. Detection of seepage zones in artificial levees: A case study at the Körös River, Hungary
  127. Tight sandstone fluid detection technology based on multi-wave seismic data
  128. Characteristics and control techniques of soft rock tunnel lining cracks in high geo-stress environments: Case study of Wushaoling tunnel group
  129. Influence of pore structure characteristics on the Permian Shan-1 reservoir in Longdong, Southwest Ordos Basin, China
  130. Study on sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation – Lower Shihezi Formation in Da 17 well area of Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin
  131. Multi-scenario territorial spatial simulation and dynamic changes: A case study of Jilin Province in China from 1985 to 2030
  132. Review Articles
  133. Major ascidian species with negative impacts on bivalve aquaculture: Current knowledge and future research aims
  134. Prediction and assessment of meteorological drought in southwest China using long short-term memory model
  135. Communication
  136. Essential questions in earth and geosciences according to large language models
  137. Erratum
  138. Erratum to “Random forest and artificial neural network-based tsunami forests classification using data fusion of Sentinel-2 and Airbus Vision-1 satellites: A case study of Garhi Chandan, Pakistan”
  139. Special Issue: Natural Resources and Environmental Risks: Towards a Sustainable Future - Part I
  140. Spatial-temporal and trend analysis of traffic accidents in AP Vojvodina (North Serbia)
  141. Exploring environmental awareness, knowledge, and safety: A comparative study among students in Montenegro and North Macedonia
  142. Determinants influencing tourists’ willingness to visit Türkiye – Impact of earthquake hazards on Serbian visitors’ preferences
  143. Application of remote sensing in monitoring land degradation: A case study of Stanari municipality (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
  144. Optimizing agricultural land use: A GIS-based assessment of suitability in the Sana River Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  145. Assessing risk-prone areas in the Kratovska Reka catchment (North Macedonia) by integrating advanced geospatial analytics and flash flood potential index
  146. Analysis of the intensity of erosive processes and state of vegetation cover in the zone of influence of the Kolubara Mining Basin
  147. GIS-based spatial modeling of landslide susceptibility using BWM-LSI: A case study – city of Smederevo (Serbia)
  148. Geospatial modeling of wildfire susceptibility on a national scale in Montenegro: A comparative evaluation of F-AHP and FR methodologies
  149. Geosite assessment as the first step for the development of canyoning activities in North Montenegro
  150. Urban geoheritage and degradation risk assessment of the Sokograd fortress (Sokobanja, Eastern Serbia)
  151. Multi-hazard modeling of erosion and landslide susceptibility at the national scale in the example of North Macedonia
  152. Understanding seismic hazard resilience in Montenegro: A qualitative analysis of community preparedness and response capabilities
  153. Forest soil CO2 emission in Quercus robur level II monitoring site
  154. Characterization of glomalin proteins in soil: A potential indicator of erosion intensity
  155. Power of Terroir: Case study of Grašac at the Fruška Gora wine region (North Serbia)
  156. Special Issue: Geospatial and Environmental Dynamics - Part I
  157. Qualitative insights into cultural heritage protection in Serbia: Addressing legal and institutional gaps for disaster risk resilience
https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0598
Keywords for this article
Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau; viaduct; road network; road accessibility
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

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  2. Theoretical magnetotelluric response of stratiform earth consisting of alternative homogeneous and transitional layers
  3. The research of common drought indexes for the application to the drought monitoring in the region of Jin Sha river
  4. Evolutionary game analysis of government, businesses, and consumers in high-standard farmland low-carbon construction
  5. On the use of low-frequency passive seismic as a direct hydrocarbon indicator: A case study at Banyubang oil field, Indonesia
  6. Water transportation planning in connection with extreme weather conditions; case study – Port of Novi Sad, Serbia
  7. Zircon U–Pb ages of the Paleozoic volcaniclastic strata in the Junggar Basin, NW China
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  14. Petrogenesis of Jurassic granitic rocks in South China Block: Implications for events related to subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate
  15. Differences in urban daytime and night block vitality based on mobile phone signaling data: A case study of Kunming’s urban district
  16. Random forest and artificial neural network-based tsunami forests classification using data fusion of Sentinel-2 and Airbus Vision-1 satellites: A case study of Garhi Chandan, Pakistan
  17. Integrated geophysical approach for detection and size-geometry characterization of a multiscale karst system in carbonate units, semiarid Brazil
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  19. Deep fault sliding rates for Ka-Ping block of Xinjiang based on repeating earthquakes
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  55. Accumulation mechanism of multi-type unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in Northern China: Taking Hari Sag of the Yin’e Basin as an example
  56. TOC prediction of source rocks based on the convolutional neural network and logging curves – A case study of Pinghu Formation in Xihu Sag
  57. A method for fast detection of wind farms from remote sensing images using deep learning and geospatial analysis
  58. Spatial distribution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification in Southwest China based on GIS and geodetector
  59. Physicochemical and mineralogical composition studies of clays from Share and Tshonga areas, Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria: Implications for Geophagia
  60. Geochemical sedimentary records of eutrophication and environmental change in Chaohu Lake, East China
  61. Research progress of freeze–thaw rock using bibliometric analysis
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  64. Geological genesis and identification of high-porosity and low-permeability sandstones in the Cretaceous Bashkirchik Formation, northern Tarim Basin
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  67. Assessment of soil resources of agricultural landscapes in Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on agrochemical indexes
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  69. Petrogenetic relationship between plutonic and subvolcanic rocks in the Jurassic Shuikoushan complex, South China
  70. A novel workflow for shale lithology identification – A case study in the Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin, China
  71. Characteristics and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs in Fei-3 Member of Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic, Puguang area
  72. Impact of high-speed railway network on county-level accessibility and economic linkage in Jiangxi Province, China: A spatio-temporal data analysis
  73. Estimation model of wild fractional vegetation cover based on RGB vegetation index and its application
  74. Lithofacies, petrography, and geochemistry of the Lamphun oceanic plate stratigraphy: As a record of the subduction history of Paleo-Tethys in Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone of Thailand
  75. Structural features and tectonic activity of the Weihe Fault, central China
  76. Application of the wavelet transform and Hilbert–Huang transform in stratigraphic sequence division of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in Southwest Sichuan Basin
  77. Structural detachment influences the shale gas preservation in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Northern Guizhou Province
  78. Distribution law of Chang 7 Member tight oil in the western Ordos Basin based on geological, logging and numerical simulation techniques
  79. Evaluation of alteration in the geothermal province west of Cappadocia, Türkiye: Mineralogical, petrographical, geochemical, and remote sensing data
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  81. Quantitative characterization of granite failure intensity under dynamic disturbance from energy standpoint
  82. Characteristics of debris flow dynamics and prediction of the hazardous area in Bangou Village, Yanqing District, Beijing, China
  83. Rockfall mapping and susceptibility evaluation based on UAV high-resolution imagery and support vector machine method
  84. Statistical comparison analysis of different real-time kinematic methods for the development of photogrammetric products: CORS-RTK, CORS-RTK + PPK, RTK-DRTK2, and RTK + DRTK2 + GCP
  85. Hydrogeological mapping of fracture networks using earth observation data to improve rainfall–runoff modeling in arid mountains, Saudi Arabia
  86. Petrography and geochemistry of pegmatite and leucogranite of Ntega-Marangara area, Burundi, in relation to rare metal mineralisation
  87. Prediction of formation fracture pressure based on reinforcement learning and XGBoost
  88. Hazard zonation for potential earthquake-induced landslide in the eastern East Kunlun fault zone
  89. Monitoring water infiltration in multiple layers of sandstone coal mining model with cracks using ERT
  90. Study of the patterns of ice lake variation and the factors influencing these changes in the western Nyingchi area
  91. Productive conservation at the landslide prone area under the threat of rapid land cover changes
  92. Sedimentary processes and patterns in deposits corresponding to freshwater lake-facies of hyperpycnal flow – An experimental study based on flume depositional simulations
  93. Study on time-dependent injectability evaluation of mudstone considering the self-healing effect
  94. Detection of objects with diverse geometric shapes in GPR images using deep-learning methods
  95. Behavior of trace metals in sedimentary cores from marine and lacustrine environments in Algeria
  96. Spatiotemporal variation pattern and spatial coupling relationship between NDVI and LST in Mu Us Sandy Land
  97. Formation mechanism and oil-bearing properties of gravity flow sand body of Chang 63 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Huaqing area, Ordos Basin
  98. Diagenesis of marine-continental transitional shale from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin, China
  99. Vertical high-velocity structures and seismic activity in western Shandong Rise, China: Case study inspired by double-difference seismic tomography
  100. Spatial coupling relationship between metamorphic core complex and gold deposits: Constraints from geophysical electromagnetics
  101. Disparities in the geospatial allocation of public facilities from the perspective of living circles
  102. Research on spatial correlation structure of war heritage based on field theory. A case study of Jinzhai County, China
  103. Formation mechanisms of Qiaoba-Zhongdu Danxia landforms in southwestern Sichuan Province, China
  104. Magnetic data interpretation: Implication for structure and hydrocarbon potentiality at Delta Wadi Diit, Southeastern Egypt
  105. Deeply buried clastic rock diagenesis evolution mechanism of Dongdaohaizi sag in the center of Junggar fault basin, Northwest China
  106. Application of LS-RAPID to simulate the motion of two contrasting landslides triggered by earthquakes
  107. The new insight of tectonic setting in Sunda–Banda transition zone using tomography seismic. Case study: 7.1 M deep earthquake 29 August 2023
  108. The critical role of c and φ in ensuring stability: A study on rockfill dams
  109. Evidence of late quaternary activity of the Weining-Shuicheng Fault in Guizhou, China
  110. Extreme hydroclimatic events and response of vegetation in the eastern QTP since 10 ka
  111. Spatial–temporal effect of sea–land gradient on landscape pattern and ecological risk in the coastal zone: A case study of Dalian City
  112. Study on the influence mechanism of land use on carbon storage under multiple scenarios: A case study of Wenzhou
  113. A new method for identifying reservoir fluid properties based on well logging data: A case study from PL block of Bohai Bay Basin, North China
  114. Comparison between thermal models across the Middle Magdalena Valley, Eastern Cordillera, and Eastern Llanos basins in Colombia
  115. Mineralogical and elemental analysis of Kazakh coals from three mines: Preliminary insights from mode of occurrence to environmental impacts
  116. Chlorite-induced porosity evolution in multi-source tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the Shaximiao Formation in western Sichuan Basin
  117. Predicting stability factors for rotational failures in earth slopes and embankments using artificial intelligence techniques
  118. Origin of Late Cretaceous A-type granitoids in South China: Response to the rollback and retreat of the Paleo-Pacific plate
  119. Modification of dolomitization on reservoir spaces in reef–shoal complex: A case study of Permian Changxing Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China
  120. Geological characteristics of the Daduhe gold belt, western Sichuan, China: Implications for exploration
  121. Rock physics model for deep coal-bed methane reservoir based on equivalent medium theory: A case study of Carboniferous-Permian in Eastern Ordos Basin
  122. Enhancing the total-field magnetic anomaly using the normalized source strength
  123. Shear wave velocity profiling of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, utilizing the multi-channel analysis of surface waves method
  124. Effect of coal facies on pore structure heterogeneity of coal measures: Quantitative characterization and comparative study
  125. Inversion method of organic matter content of different types of soils in black soil area based on hyperspectral indices
  126. Detection of seepage zones in artificial levees: A case study at the Körös River, Hungary
  127. Tight sandstone fluid detection technology based on multi-wave seismic data
  128. Characteristics and control techniques of soft rock tunnel lining cracks in high geo-stress environments: Case study of Wushaoling tunnel group
  129. Influence of pore structure characteristics on the Permian Shan-1 reservoir in Longdong, Southwest Ordos Basin, China
  130. Study on sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation – Lower Shihezi Formation in Da 17 well area of Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin
  131. Multi-scenario territorial spatial simulation and dynamic changes: A case study of Jilin Province in China from 1985 to 2030
  132. Review Articles
  133. Major ascidian species with negative impacts on bivalve aquaculture: Current knowledge and future research aims
  134. Prediction and assessment of meteorological drought in southwest China using long short-term memory model
  135. Communication
  136. Essential questions in earth and geosciences according to large language models
  137. Erratum
  138. Erratum to “Random forest and artificial neural network-based tsunami forests classification using data fusion of Sentinel-2 and Airbus Vision-1 satellites: A case study of Garhi Chandan, Pakistan”
  139. Special Issue: Natural Resources and Environmental Risks: Towards a Sustainable Future - Part I
  140. Spatial-temporal and trend analysis of traffic accidents in AP Vojvodina (North Serbia)
  141. Exploring environmental awareness, knowledge, and safety: A comparative study among students in Montenegro and North Macedonia
  142. Determinants influencing tourists’ willingness to visit Türkiye – Impact of earthquake hazards on Serbian visitors’ preferences
  143. Application of remote sensing in monitoring land degradation: A case study of Stanari municipality (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
  144. Optimizing agricultural land use: A GIS-based assessment of suitability in the Sana River Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  145. Assessing risk-prone areas in the Kratovska Reka catchment (North Macedonia) by integrating advanced geospatial analytics and flash flood potential index
  146. Analysis of the intensity of erosive processes and state of vegetation cover in the zone of influence of the Kolubara Mining Basin
  147. GIS-based spatial modeling of landslide susceptibility using BWM-LSI: A case study – city of Smederevo (Serbia)
  148. Geospatial modeling of wildfire susceptibility on a national scale in Montenegro: A comparative evaluation of F-AHP and FR methodologies
  149. Geosite assessment as the first step for the development of canyoning activities in North Montenegro
  150. Urban geoheritage and degradation risk assessment of the Sokograd fortress (Sokobanja, Eastern Serbia)
  151. Multi-hazard modeling of erosion and landslide susceptibility at the national scale in the example of North Macedonia
  152. Understanding seismic hazard resilience in Montenegro: A qualitative analysis of community preparedness and response capabilities
  153. Forest soil CO2 emission in Quercus robur level II monitoring site
  154. Characterization of glomalin proteins in soil: A potential indicator of erosion intensity
  155. Power of Terroir: Case study of Grašac at the Fruška Gora wine region (North Serbia)
  156. Special Issue: Geospatial and Environmental Dynamics - Part I
  157. Qualitative insights into cultural heritage protection in Serbia: Addressing legal and institutional gaps for disaster risk resilience
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