Home Effective reservoir identification and sweet spot prediction in Chang 8 Member tight oil reservoirs in Huanjiang area, Ordos Basin
Article Open Access

Effective reservoir identification and sweet spot prediction in Chang 8 Member tight oil reservoirs in Huanjiang area, Ordos Basin

  • Xiangliang Qiu EMAIL logo , Yuxuan Fu , Zhandong Yan , XiaoMei Zheng , Mingxian Wang and Zheng Lan
Published/Copyright: April 12, 2024
Download Article (PDF)
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Open Geosciences
From the journal Open Geosciences Volume 16 Issue 1

Abstract

The Chang 8 reservoir of the Huanjiang Oilfield in the Ordos Basin is a tight sandstone reservoir with poor reservoir physical properties and uneven oil distribution. In this study, the effective reservoirs developed on a large scale under the condition of horizontal well volume fracturing technology of the Chang 8 Member was identified based on the data of core observation, experimental analysis, logging, oil test, and production dynamics, and the identification standard of effective reservoirs in terms of reservoir physical properties, oil content, and comprehensive logging characteristics of gas logging was established. This scheme allows for a thorough identification of the effective reservoirs for horizontal well development in tight sandstone reservoirs. The findings indicate that the study area’s tight oil resources can be successfully produced. The well logging results show that the oil-bearing property of sand bodies with oil stains is better than that of oil spots. The bottom limit of the acoustic wave time difference is 210 μs/m, the permeability is 0.03 mD, the porosity is 6.0%, the rock resistivity is 30 Ω m, and the total hydrocarbon gas measurement value exceeds five times the baseline. At the same time, the total oil thickness is greater than 6 m, and the thickness of a single sand body is above 4 m. We have defined the lower limit standard of high-efficiency reservoir of Chang 8 tight oil in L289 block of Huanjiang oilfield. According to the analysis of oil-bearing property, comprehensive logging display, and reservoir thickness, the geological “sweet spots” is optimized to provide reference for subsequent mining. Through comparative analysis, the rules and trends are found to provide a basis for selecting mining strategies. With the help of technical means such as numerical simulation and geological modeling, the prediction accuracy and decision-making effect are improved. By clarifying the lower limit standard of reservoir, optimizing geological “sweet spots” and avoiding risk areas, the mining efficiency is improved and the cost is reduced, which provides reference for similar oilfield development.

Keywords: Huanjiang oilfield; Chang 8 reservoir; tight oil sandstone; oil-bearing property; sweet spot prediction

1 Introduction

China has abundant tight oil resources, which are widely distributed and have considerable hydrocarbon reserves. Characterizing the spatial distribution of tight oil is to understand the development of tight oil [1,2,3], where logging with a vertical resolution of 0.125 m is required and the results are reliable [4,5,6,7]. In recent years, experts have found a large number of tight reservoirs with crude oil production prospects in the Bohai Bay Basin, Ordos Basin, and Sichuan Basin, etc., and have made achievements in the theoretical study of tight oil in China [6,8,9]. Some studies have systematically summarized the characteristics, formation mechanisms, and main controlling factors of tight oil reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, and redefined the concept of “tight oil” [10,11]. Given the strong heterogeneity of tight oil, it is imperative to establish a set of reliable screening criteria for tight oil. The formulation of a reliable and applicable reservoir evaluation parameter system is very important for the prediction of tight oil sweet spots [12–16].

The Triassic tight sandstone reservoirs in the Ordos Basin have complex pore throat structures, poor reservoir physical properties, and uneven oil distribution. Conventional reservoir evaluation techniques cannot meet the requirements of fine evaluation of tight oil reservoirs [17–21]. The identification of effective reservoirs and the optimization of sweet spots prediction scheme have caused great difficulties. It is urgent to carry out fine reservoir evaluation of microscopic pore throat structures, reservoir physical properties, and oil-bearing properties of tight sandstone. At present, experimental data such as core analysis, cast thin sections, and constant velocity mercury (Hg) injection, combining with the logging interpretation and well logging have been used to define the lower limits of physical properties and oil-bearing properties of tight oil effective reservoirs, and a set of effective reservoir identification standards suitable for tight sandstone reservoirs in the Ordos Basin have been established [22–24]. Previous studies have suggested that the permeability of tight oil reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin is usually higher than 0.3 mD [25]. For reservoirs with permeability lower than 0.3 mD, e.g., the average permeability of the Chang 8 reservoir in the Block L289 of Huanjiang Oilfield is only 0.27 mD, which is very special. The fine quantitative characterization of effective reservoir identification criteria is of great significance for the prediction of favorable areas.

Seventeen oil wells are in production in the Chang 8 reservoir in Area L289 of Huanjiang area, Ordos Basin. Due to the influence of reservoir oil-bearing and physical properties, the production of oil wells shows rapid decline rates and low production capacity. In this study, the effective reservoirs developed on a large scale under the condition of horizontal well volume fracturing technology of the Chang 8 Member were identified based on the data of core observation, experimental analysis, logging, oil test, and production dynamics, and the identification standard of effective reservoirs in terms of reservoir physical properties, oil content, and comprehensive logging characteristics of gas logging was established. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient development of tight oil using horizontal well development in the Ordos Basin.

2 Geological background

The Ordos Basin's Late Triassic Period holds significant importance in the context of oil and gas formation, as depicted in Figure 1. The Triassic strata are well exposed in local areas, which are mainly composed of gray green, gray medium–thick layer-block fine sandstone, siltstone and dark gray–gray black mudstone. The Indosinian Movement is a crustal activity from the middle Triassic to the early Jurassic [26,27]. The differential uplift and subsidence patterns within the sedimentarysequences of North China contribute to the regional variations observed in the area. The eastern part of the north China was strongly uplifted, and the western part was uplifted and slightly eroded. In the early stage of the Yanchang Formation, the Indosinian Tectonic activity was weak [28]. At the end of the Chang 8 period, the Indosinian tectonic Intensified, resulting in fault activity and event deposition. Under the influence of strong collision and rapid uplift of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, the scope of lake basin expanded rapidly, the water body deepened, the center of lake basin migrated westward, the basement of lake basin tilted unevenly, and the basin entered a strong depression stage.

Figure 1 Location of the study area (a), division of stratigraphic units of the Yanchang Formation (b), and contour line map of the Chang 8 Member (c).
Figure 1

Location of the study area (a), division of stratigraphic units of the Yanchang Formation (b), and contour line map of the Chang 8 Member (c).

The Huanjiang Oilfield lies in the west part of the Shanbei Slope in the Ordos Basin. The regional structure is single, and a series of low amplitude nasal uplifts are locally developed from east to west (Figure 1) [29,30]. Delta facies with weak hydrodynamic conditions are developed in the Chang 8 Member of the study area [31], including subaqueous distributary river channel, river channel flanks, and interdistributary bay microfacies. The mean thickness of the water distributary river channel sand body is 15.7 m, and it is a good reservoir. The Chang 8 reservoir is influenced by the medium intensity compaction and cementation, and its physical properties are poor [32–34]. Based on core test data, the mean porosity is 8.3%, the mean permeability is 0.27 mD, and it is a typical ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir.

3 Methods

3.1 Core analysis experiment

The core analysis experiment actually drills a normal core on a full-diameter core with a diameter of 25 mm. This is a standard sample for measuring microscopic experiments such as conventional physical properties, thin sections, and scanning electron microscopy [35–40]. In this experiment, the same core sample was used to test the pore permeability, casting thin section, and scanning electron microscope experiments, and the influence of microscopic pore structure on the physical properties of tight sandstone reservoirs was comprehensively analyzed. The specific experimental steps are as follows: (1) The core samples were cut, washed, and air-dried. (2) The test instrument and conditions are as follows: The test instrument is a permeability measurement device, an electronic balance, and a vacuum pump. The test environment has a temperature of 16°C and a pressure of 97.9 MPa. The analysis is based on GB/T 29172-2012. (3) The core sample is cut into a small section, and the low viscosity epoxy resin, casting agent, and dyeing agent infiltrated with pigments are poured into the rock pores at a certain temperature and pressure. The curing reaction is used to crosslink the linear epoxy resin into a huge molecule with a network structure to become a hard solid epoxy resin, and then the casting sheet is made by grinding sheet, sticking sheet, and other procedures. (4) The remaining core samples were cut into appropriate sizes and ground with sandpaper to obtain a smooth surface. The sample was fixed on the film and covered with a thin metal layer on the surface of the sample. The microscopic image of the sample surface can be obtained by manipulating the position and intensity of the electron beam and collecting the signals of secondary electrons and reflected electrons.

3.2 Constant velocity Hg injection tests

Different from high-pressure Hg injection, constant-rate Hg injection has a very low constant velocity (usually 5 × 10−5 mL/min), which can ensure that Hg is injected into rock pores in a quasi-static Hg injection process. Each pore shape change before the entrance of the mercury column will cause a change in the shape of the meniscus, which will cause a change in the capillary pressure in the system [41–45]. The test results of constant rate Hg intrusion can provide the capillary pressure curves of pores and throats, respectively. According to the pressure, the pore radius, throat radius, pore throat radius ratio, and other microscopic pore throat structure characteristic parameters of rock can be calculated [46,47]. This is an advanced technology for analyzing the characteristics of rock microscopic pore structure [46–49]. The specific steps of the experiment: (1) Select a cylindrical core sample with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 55 mm. (2) The core was cut, washed, and dried, and the conventional physical properties were tested. (3) The samples were vacuumed and immersed in the Hg solution, then placed in a constant rate Hg injection equipment, mercury was injected at a very low speed (5 × 10−5 mL/min). When the Hg pressure reached 6.2 MPa, the experiment was over. (4) The related parameters such as pressure change and mercury injection volume during the experiment were recorded by constant speed Hg injection equipment, and the experimental data were processed (Figure 2).

Figure 2 Core observation and logging results of Well L152 in the Chang 8 oil layer in the study area. Notes: CNL-Compensated neutron, AC-acoustic wave time difference, DEN-density, PE-photoelectric absorption index, SP-spontaneous potential, and GR-natural Gamma.
Figure 2

Core observation and logging results of Well L152 in the Chang 8 oil layer in the study area. Notes: CNL-Compensated neutron, AC-acoustic wave time difference, DEN-density, PE-photoelectric absorption index, SP-spontaneous potential, and GR-natural Gamma.

4 Results

4.1 Definition of effective reservoir

4.1.1 Core observation characteristics

Through the conventional physical property analysis experiment, combined with the analysis of logging and mud logging interpretation results, the lithological features of the Chang 8 reservoir are mainly lithic feldspar fine sandstone [50–53]. The logging of the effective reservoir shows the gray-brown lumpy oil spots, oil traces, dripping micro-permeability, and slow permeability. The ineffective reservoirs are usually light gray fine sandstone with obvious bedding characteristics, such as fine grain cross bedding and vein bedding [54–56]. The cores of Well L152 in the Huanjiang area show that the oil content of the Chang 8 reservoir varies greatly (Figure 3). With a uniform dark brown to grayish brown hue, the oil exhibits water seepage and corresponds to a resistivity (RT) value of 54 Ω m. Its tested oil production rate stands at 21.3 t/day, aligning with the interpretation’s conclusion. The core photograph shows light gray fine sandstone with uneven oil content. There is oil trace, and the drip test shows slow seepage. The logging RT is 23 Ω m, and the daily oil production is 3.16 t/day. Therefore, the effective reservoir of tight sandstone reservoir can be initially determined according to the bedding structure and color of core observation, core logging display, and drip test [57–59].

Figure 3 Thin section identification results of the Chang 8 reservoir in the L289 Block, Huanjiang Oilfield. (a) L158, 2689.79 m, Chang 82, filamentous illite filling pores; (b) H75, 2731.60 m, Chang 82, intergranular pore; (c) B24, 2671.80 m, Chang 82, microfracture; and (d) B22, 2714.00 m, Chang 82, micropores, quartz with enlarged edge.
Figure 3

Thin section identification results of the Chang 8 reservoir in the L289 Block, Huanjiang Oilfield. (a) L158, 2689.79 m, Chang 82, filamentous illite filling pores; (b) H75, 2731.60 m, Chang 82, intergranular pore; (c) B24, 2671.80 m, Chang 82, microfracture; and (d) B22, 2714.00 m, Chang 82, micropores, quartz with enlarged edge.

According to the experimental results of casting thin section identification and scanning electron microscope analysis, the results of microscopic thin section observations show that the Chang 8 reservoir in the study area is tightly stacked with particles under the influence of moderate compaction (Figure 3a and b). Strong bending deformation of some cuttings and mica can be seen in the thin sections, which greatly reduced the original intergranular pores of the reservoir (Figure 3c and d) [49–51]. Under scanning electron microscope, illite cements are fibrous, needle-like, and hair-like. Some illites were distributed in filamentous form in the pore throat, which hindered the flow rate of fluids [60–62]. The permeability of the reservoir decreases with the increase in the illite content, which influences the physical properties of the reservoir (Figure 3a).

4.1.2 Reservoir physical characteristics

Based on the data of core analysis of 21 coring wells, the lithology of the Chang 8 reservoir is tight, the porosity is 5–12%, the mean porosity is 8.3%; the permeability is concentrated in the range of 0.03–1.25 mD, with an average of 0.27 mD. In the samples without oil and gas display, the samples with permeability less than 0.03 mD accounted for 81%; the permeability of the samples showing oil spots in cuttings logging is mostly concentrated in the range of 0.03–0.06 mD; the permeability of the samples showing oil traces is between 0.05 and 0.15 mD (Figure 4). The grade of oil marks exceeds the established oil mark grade standard. According to the statistics of core oil occurrence, when the reservoir permeability is greater than 0.03 mD and the porosity is greater than 6.0%, the oil level is generally above the oil trace level, and the oil flow can be obtained by oil test. Therefore, it is determined that the permeability of 0.03 mD and porosity of 6.0% are the lower limit of physical properties of the Chang 8 tight oil reservoir in the Huanjiang Area (Table 1).

Figure 4 Relation of porosity and permeability with well logging tests in the study area.
Figure 4

Relation of porosity and permeability with well logging tests in the study area.

Table 1

Porosity and permeability statistics of different mud logging in the study area

Oil bearing grade Samples Core analysis of porosity (%) Core analysis of permeability (mD)
Value ranges Average value Value ranges Average value
Oil stains 142 1.059–12.602 6.083 0.005–0.185 0.062
Oil spots 494 1.109–12.447 7.913 0.004–1.188 0.161
No oil display 77 1.193–7.830 4.287 0.004–0.072 0.027

4.1.3 Pore throat structures

The mean surface ratio of the Chang 8 reservoir is 1.92%. The intergranular pore content is 0.95%, which occupies 49.5% of the total pore space. The dissolution porosity of feldspar is 0.72%, which occupies 37.5% of the total pore space. In local areas, debris dissolution pores and intergranular dissolution pores can be seen (Figure 5).

Figure 5 Distribution of pore types in the Chang 8 Member of the L289 Block, Huanjiang Oilfield.
Figure 5

Distribution of pore types in the Chang 8 Member of the L289 Block, Huanjiang Oilfield.

Through the constant rate Hg injection test of 11 rock samples, it can be concluded based on the experimental results that the pore throat of the reservoir belongs to the small-pore micro-throat type. The pore radius distribution is more concentrated, mainly in 100–200 μm, and the effective pore radius is 132.5 μm. The radius of the throat is distributed in the range of 0.1–1.2 μm, and the effective throat radius is 0.735 μm (Figure 6).

Figure 6 Distribution characteristics of pore throat radius of constant velocity Hg injection in the Chang 8 reservoir of Huanjiang Oilfield.
Figure 6

Distribution characteristics of pore throat radius of constant velocity Hg injection in the Chang 8 reservoir of Huanjiang Oilfield.

On the basis of analyzing the experimental data from 11 wells with capillary pressure in the research area, a new method is proposed. In the L289 Block, the mean pore radius of the Chang 8 reservoir is 0.26 μm. The proportion of small pores in the study area is high, and the pore volume less than 0.1 μm accounts for 36%. As illustrated in Figure 7, a sample with the permeability in the range of 0.025–0.05 mD has the least contribution to the pore throat radius permeability. For a sample with the permeability greater than 0.05 mD, the greater the permeability, the wider the throat radius distribution. The large throat radius, which corresponds to the peak of the curve, shows that the larger pores contribute more to the permeability. Based on the statistical data of Hg injection in the whole region, when the permeability is less than 0.05 mD, the peak value of pore throat radius is less than 0. 25 μm.

Figure 7 Distribution of contribution rate of throat radius to permeability of typical rock samples in the study area.
Figure 7

Distribution of contribution rate of throat radius to permeability of typical rock samples in the study area.

As can be seen from the analysis of the permeability contribution rate distribution diagram of different throat radii of the Chang 8 reservoir in the Huanjiang Oilfield (Figure 7), the size of the throat radius determines the permeability of the reservoir directly, and then influences the productivity of the single well. The oil wells with oil test and production dynamic data in the Chang 8 reservoir of the study area were compared and analyzed (Table 2). The permeability of reservoirs in the Well B150 is 0.026 mD, the average radius of the main throats is 0.2 µm, and the daily oil production of oil tests is 0.11 t. At present, this well is difficult to be effectively developed, and it is an invalid reservoir. Well M126 has a permeability of 0.078 mD, a daily output of 5.27 t/day, and an average daily output of 0.65 t. Wells L152, B39, L152, and B39 have a core permeability of 0.38 and 0.19 mD, and the output of the test is 21.7 and 14.3 t/day, respectively. At the beginning of production experiment, the daily production rate was above 3.0 t/day, which is a high yield well in the research area. Therefore, the effective throat radius of the Chang 8 tight reservoir in the Huanjiang Oilfield is larger than 0.2 μm based on Hg injection test data. Based on the data of the closed coring well, it is found that the porosity is more than 6.0% and the permeability is more than 0.03 mD. The comprehensive logging shows that the oil level is above the oil trace level, and the oil saturation of the reservoir is greater than 53%. Combined with relevant research results of tight oil in the basin, it can be determined that tight sandstone reservoirs with permeability greater than 0.03 mD and movable fluid saturation greater than 30% are suitable for crude oil development.

Table 2

Hg injection experiment results and production statistics in the study area

Well name Sample depth Porosity Permeability Throat radius parameter Pore throat sorting parameters Condition of production Remark
Mainstream throat radius Average throat radius Average pore radius Mean coefficient Coefficient of sorting Coefficient of variation Test oil Primary birth
(m) (%) (mD) (μm) (μm) (μm) (t/day) (t/day)
L152 2606.6 13.1 0.382 1.523 2.326 20.17 10.66 2.84 21.31 21.7 4.58 Large-capacity well
B39 2534.1 8.6 0.193 0.811 1.614 36.61 10.71 2.7 0.25 14.3 3.19 Large-capacity well
L289 2579.3 11.9 0.613 0.749 1.51 50.3 10.51 1.14 0.25 10.51 2.74 Medium-high production wells
M119 2598.6 11 0.639 0.601 1.162 16.59 11.31 2.33 19.14 16.83 2.52 Medium-high production wells
M126 2666.9 9.6 0.078 1.091 0.79 31.94 12.56 1.42 0.11 5.27 0.65 Stripper well
L316 2719.2 8.1 0.092 0.101 0.273 29.17 12.23 1.95 14.62 3.54 0.73 Stripper well
H70 2519 7.6 0.096 0.103 0.541 47.88 12.76 1.26 0.09 3.21 0.35 Stripper well
B150 2688.6 6.3 0.026 0.135 0.213 41.98 13.17 1.37 0.1 0.11 0 Ineffective reservoir
H29 2687.8 5.7 0.071 0.085 0.168 43.52 13.1 1.08 0.08 0.01 — Ineffective reservoir

4.2 Identification of effective reservoirs

4.2.1 Comprehensive logging

The Chang 8 Member is located near the Chang 7 source rock. Reservoir oil-bearing property is affected by sand body size and connectivity, reservoir physical properties, and heterogeneity. Rock debris logging can only be observed by the naked eye, whether there is oil and gas, but cannot determine its oil-bearing property [63,64]. During drilling, in order to increase the precision of oil-bearing zone recognition in logging, the combination of gas logging and rock debris logging is often used for comprehensive determination of oil content in the reservoir. Gas logging technology plays a key role in oil and gas exploration. It is mainly used to quickly identify oil and gas display phenomena and assist card layer coring. Based on the total hydrocarbon base value of gas logging, three times of the base value is defined as the general abnormal layer, and close attention is paid to the implementation. When the gas logging total hydrocarbon is five times the base value, it is defined as an obvious abnormal layer, and drilling coring is considered. Through the comprehensive gas logging of 21 wells in the study area, good reservoir identification results have been achieved. The crude oil contains dissolved gas and light hydrocarbon components. The higher the content of light hydrocarbon components, the better the oil-bearing property and the easier the flow. Therefore, the chart is established. When the ratio is equal, the higher the total hydrocarbon content, the more inclined the oil layer is. The gas logging interpretation chart is used for comprehensive interpretation, and the coincidence rate is 71.6% (Figure 8).

Figure 8 Gas interpretation chart of Chang 8 Member in Huanjiang Oilfield.
Figure 8

Gas interpretation chart of Chang 8 Member in Huanjiang Oilfield.

4.2.2 Effective thickness

Nowadays, the development of tight oil in the Ordos Basin mainly relies on horizontal wells, and higher requirements for tight oil reservoirs are needed. The larger the reservoir thickness, the larger the single well controlled reserves, and the higher the accumulation rate of the horizontal wells. There are eight horizontal wells in the Chang 8 reservoir of the L289 Area in the Huanjiang Oilfield, which have been put into production for 2 years. The length of horizontal section is 300–500 m. Statistically, when the length of the horizontal section is equal, the larger the reservoir thickness, the larger the cumulative oil production of horizontal wells in the first year. For this reason, it is necessary to raise the exploitation efficiency of the tight oil reservoir. In reservoir exploitation engineering, it is necessary to optimize a certain thickness of oil layer for fracturing production. In practice, it is permitted that the difference between the actual drilling track and the design track is 2 m, and it is necessary to have a minimum thickness of 4 m. Based on the present exploitation practice of the Chang 8 Member reservoir in the research area, it is suggested that the reservoir thickness should exceed 6 m.

5 Discussion

5.1 Qualitative identification of effective reservoir

The effective reservoir of tight sandstone reservoir can be preliminarily determined using the experimental results of bedding structure, color, core logging display, and drip test. The oil-bearing property distribution of the Chang 8 reservoir in the study area is not uniform. The core section with good oil-bearing property is dark brown and gray brown, with uniform oil-bearing property and micro-permeability of drip water. The core section with poor oil content is characterized by light gray fine sandstone, uneven oil content, oil trace display, and slow infiltration of drip test.

5.2 Quantitative discrimination of effective reservoir

5.2.1 Definition of lower limit of effective reservoir physical property

Comprehensive utilization of tight oil reservoir core physical property analysis and mud logging display data can determine the lower limits of physical properties of effective reservoirs. When the porosity of core analysis is >6% and the permeability is >0.03 mD, the oil level of corresponding interval mud logging is generally above the oil trace, and the oil test results are mostly industrial oil flow. Therefore, it can be determined that the lower limit of porosity of Chang 8 tight oil reservoir in the study area is 6.0% and the lower limit of permeability is 0.03 mD.

5.2.2 Determination of electrical lower limit of effective reservoir

According to the “four-property relationship” of the reservoir, combined with the relevant data of oil test, production test, and reservoir reconstruction, the relevant parameters of the physical property and oil-bearing indication curve are obtained. The identification diagram of the Chang 8 tight reservoir in the L289 Block of the Huanjiang Oilfield is set up. The difference in RT between oil layer and water layer is obvious (Figure 9). The typical characteristics of oil layer are reflected in acoustic wave time difference and RT. Oil layers have a lower limit of RT of 40 Ω m. Moreover, the RT increased with the negative change of the property indicator parameters, and the oil test results were mostly confirmed to be industrial Wells. The RT of the poor reservoir is high, and its AC is middle to low, and the lower limit is 210 μs/m. The maximum rock density is 2.55 g/cm3, and the effect of oil test is worse than that of oil layer, most of which are low yield or water producing wells. The oil-water layer shows a relatively low value of RT, a relatively high value of AC, and a lower RT of 30 Ω m. Moreover, the results of the oil experiment indicate that the production of oil and water is simultaneous, and the water content is relatively high. The RT of the water layer is obviously low, which is below 30 Ω m.

Figure 9 Fluid identification chart of the Chang 8 reservoir in the L289 Block of the Huanjiang Oilfield.
Figure 9

Fluid identification chart of the Chang 8 reservoir in the L289 Block of the Huanjiang Oilfield.

5.3 Prediction of geological “sweet spots”

The development of horizontal well is the main way to develop tight reservoir in the Ordos Basin. With fewer skeleton wells available for reference in the area, the “sweet spot” option is more risky. In the process of “sweet spot” selection, various factors such as reservoir sand body size and connectivity, reservoir physical properties and oil content should be considered to comprehensively identify the development potential of favorable target areas (Table 3). In this study, the newly determined lower limit of reservoir-related standards is used to select the favorable production areas, and the production effect of adjacent wells is referred to avoid the risk areas, so as to improve the development effect of horizontal wells in tight reservoirs.

Table 3

Study on tight oil reservoir evaluation and sweet spot optimization method

Serial number Document title Research content Area of study Literature derivation
1 Study on storage and permeability characteristics and classification evaluation of Chang 7 tight oil in Ordos Basin Oiliness evaluation, seepage capacity evaluation Changqing Oilfield Zhao et al. [65]
2 Pore structure characteristics and classification evaluation of Chang 6 tight oil reservoir in Daijiaping area, Ordos Basin Pore structure, reservoir genesis mechanism Qingcheng Oilfield Zhou et al. [66]
3 Connotation, evaluation, and optimization of tight oil dessert, taking the Cretaceous Xiagou Formation in Qingxi Sag of Jiuquan Basin as an example Reservoir evaluation, engineering sweet spots optimization Changqing Oilfield Luo et al. [67]
4 Comprehensive classification and evaluation of multi-type sand body reservoirs in Fuyu oil layer in eastern Daqing Placanticline Sand body structure, reservoir permeability evaluation Daqing Oilfield Song et al. [68]
5 Comprehensive evaluation of tight oil reservoirs in Jurassic Da'anzhai Member of central Sichuan area Pore structure, reservoir comprehensive evaluation Southwest Oil and Gas field Zhou and Liu [69]
6 Study on oil-bearing logging evaluation method of tight oil horizontal well reservoir Logging interpretation, reservoir oil-bearing property evaluation Changqing Oilfield Geng et al. [70]
7 Evaluation and key technology application of tight oil “sweet spot area (section)” in southern Songliao Basin Logging “seven properties” evaluation and sweet spots optimization Changqing Oilfield Tang et al. [71]
8 Building a rock physics model for the formation evaluation of the Lower Goru sand reservoir of the Southern Indus Basin in Pakistan Petrophysical analysis The Southern Indus Basin in Pakistan Ali et al. [15]
9 Tight oil sweet spot prediction of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong sag Effective sand body prediction, tight oil dessert Changqing Oilfield Li et al. [72]
10 Reservoir and stimulation evaluation of the Berea Sandstone Formation in Pike County, Kentucky Reservoir evaluation The Berea Sandstone Formation in Pike County Frantz et al. [16]

The optimal selection method of the geological “sweet spot” of horizontal wells in the Chang 8 tight oil in the Block L289 is as follows: (1) First, in this study, the main river channel sand body with good connectivity in the research area and the overlapping region with relatively high porosity and permeability are selected as the preferred favorable zones. (2) Then, combining with the lower limit standard of effective reservoir, the target area is selected. The reservoir conditions of this preferred “sweet spot” area include porosity of above 6.0%, permeability of greater than 0.03 mD, and the acoustic wave time difference of greater than 210 μs/m in the target zone. The maximum thickness of one reservoir is over 4 m, and the total oil-bearing reservoir thickness is over 6 m (Figure 10). The logging RT value of the target interval is greater than 30 Ω m; the oil level is oil trace and above; the measured value of total hydrocarbon gas is greater than five times of the base value. These criteria are the optimum standard for the Chang 8 reservoir geological “sweet spot.” (3) For reservoirs or regions that cannot meet the above standards, it is necessary to resolutely suspend drilling, implement regional geological understanding, reduce the risk of low-yield wells, and improve the efficiency of oil production capacity.

Figure 10 (a) Horizontal distribution of favorable exploration areas and (b) reservoir profile of favorable exploration areas.
Figure 10

(a) Horizontal distribution of favorable exploration areas and (b) reservoir profile of favorable exploration areas.

6 Conclusion

  1. In this study, the experiments of the Chang 8 reservoir in the L289 Area of the Huanjiang Oilfield was conducted. Combined with the data of oil test and production test, it is determined that when the effective river channel radius is above 0.2 μm, the permeability is greater than 0.03 mD. Tight sandstone reservoirs with movable fluid saturation greater than 30% can be suitable for crude oil development.

  2. The characteristics of tight oil reservoirs that can be effectively developed meet the following requirements: oil trace grade or above, core analysis porosity greater than 6.0%, permeability exceeding 0.03 mD, the lower limits of the electric measuring parameters, namely, acoustic wave time difference of 210 μs/m and rock RT of 30 Ω m. Moreover, the comprehensive logging indicates that the measured value of hydrocarbon gas is more than five times that of the baseline.

  3. This study proposed the optimization principle of geological “sweet spots” region in the research area. For reservoirs or regions that cannot meet the above standards, it is necessary to resolutely suspend drilling, implement regional geological understanding, reduce the risk of low-yield wells and improve the efficiency of oil production capacity.

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

References

[1] Wang XZ, Ren LY, He YH, Xi TD, Ge YJ, Deng NT. Definition of tight oil in Ordos Basin. Pet Geol Recovery. 2016;23(1):1–7.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Zhang XS, Wang HJ, Ma F, Sun XC, Zhang Y, Song ZH. Classification and characteristics of tight oil plays. Pet Sci. 2016;13:18–33. 10.1007/s12182-015-0075-0.Search in Google Scholar

[3] Yao JL, Deng XQ, Zhao YD, Han TY, Chu MJ. Characteristics of tight oil in Triassic Yanchang formation, Ordos Basin. Pet Explor Dev. 2013;40(2):161–9. 10.1016/S1876-3804(13)60019-1.Search in Google Scholar

[4] Zhao L, Qin H, Yu C, Si C, Jiang W, Cao A. A new understanding of Jurassic provenance and sedimentary framework in northwestern Sikeshu Sag, Junggar Basin, China. Energy Geosci. 2022;3(4):372–80. 10.1016/j.engeos.2022.06.006.Search in Google Scholar

[5] Qiu XL, Ding L, Liu JK, Yan ZD, Bao YX, Tan CQ. Quantitative evaluation of reservoir quality of tight oil sandstones in Chang 7 Member of Ordos Basin. Front Earth Sci. 2022;10:34–8. 10.3389/feart.2022.1046489.Search in Google Scholar

[6] Yang H, Li SY, Liu XY. Characteristics and resource prospects of tight oil and shale oil in Ordos Basin. Acta Petrol Sin. 2013;23:23–6. 10.7623/syxb201301001.Search in Google Scholar

[7] Kuang LC, Tang Y, Lei DW, Chang QS, Ouyang M, Hou LH, et al. Formation conditions and exploration potential of tight oil in the permian saline lacustrine dolomitic rock, Junggar basin, nw China. Pet Explor Dev. 2012;39(6):700–11. 10.1016/S1876-3804(12)60095-0.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Morozov V, Jin Z, Liang X, Korolev E, Liu G. Comparison of source rocks from the lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Yangzi platform and the upper Devonian Semiluksk Formation in east European Platform. 2021;2(1):63–72. 10.1016/j.engeos.2020.10.001.Search in Google Scholar

[9] Qiu XL, Tan CQ, Lu YY, Yin S. Evaluation of Fractures Using Conventional and FMI logs, and 3D Seismic Interpretation in Continental Tight Sandstone Reservoir. Open Geosci. 2022;14:530–43. 10.1515/geo-2022-0372.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Yang H, Li SX, Liu XY. Characteristics and resource prospects of tight oil in Ordos Basin, China. Pet Res. 2016;1(1):27–38. 10.1016/S2096-2495(17)30028-5.Search in Google Scholar

[11] Junfeng Z, Haibin BI, Hao XU. New progress and reference significance of overseas tight oil exploration and development. Acta Petrol Sin. 2015;36(2):127.Search in Google Scholar

[12] Cao Z, Liu GD, Xiang BL, Wang P, Niu G, Niu ZC, et al. Geochemical characteristics of crude oil from a tight oil reservoir in the Lucaogou Formation, Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin. AAPG Bull. 2017;34:34–7. 10.1306/05241614182.Search in Google Scholar

[13] Zhao P, Wang Z, Sun Z. Investigation on the pore structure and multifractal characteristics of tight oil reservoirs using NMR measurements: Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin. Mar Pet Geol. 2017;86:1067–81.10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.07.011Search in Google Scholar

[14] Osinowo O, Abdulmumin Y, Faweya T. Analysis of high-resolution airborne-magnetic data for hydrocarbon generation and preservation potential evaluation of Yola Sub-Basins, northern Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria. Energy Geosci. 2023;4(1):33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engeos.2022.08.002.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Ali M, Ma H, Pan H, Ashraf U, Jiang R. Building a rock physics model for the formation evaluation of the Lower Goru sand reservoir of the Southern Indus Basin in Pakistan. J Pet Sci Eng. 2020;194:10–3. 10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107461.Search in Google Scholar

[16] Frantz JH, Hopkins CW, Lancaster DE, Jochen JE. Reservoir and Stimulation Evaluation of the Berea Sandstone Formation in Pike County, Kentucky. Paper presented at the Low Permeability Reservoirs Symposium. Denver, Colorado; April 1993. 10.2118/25896-MS.Search in Google Scholar

[17] Qiu X. The structural characteristics of sand bodies and their control on reservoirs in the Chang 81 Oil layer group in the Jiyuan area. Geol Sci Technol Bull. 2020;39(5):87–96.Search in Google Scholar

[18] Xue F, Liu X, Wang T. Research on anchoring effect of jointed rock mass based on 3D printing and digital speckle technology. J Min Strata Control Eng. 2012;3(2):023013.Search in Google Scholar

[19] Ding F, Xie C, Zhou X, Jiang C, Li K, Wan L, et al. Defining stratigraphic oil and gas plays by modifying structural plays: A case study from the Xihu sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin. 2021;2(1):41–51. 10.1016/j.engeos.2020.08.002.Search in Google Scholar

[20] Zhou NW, Lu SF, Wang M, Huang WB, Xiao DS, Jiao CX, et al. Limits and grading evaluation criteria of tight oil reservoirs in typical continental basins of China. Pet Explor Dev. 2021;48(5):1089–100. 10.1016/S1876-3804(21)60093-9.Search in Google Scholar

[21] Zhou X, He S, Liu P. Pore structure characteristics and classification evaluation of Chang 6 tight oil reservoir in Dai Jiaping area. Ordos Basin. 2016;23(3):253–65. 10.13745/j.esf.2016.03.029.Search in Google Scholar

[22] Liu J, Wu X, Li D, Li Y. Main controlling factors of Chang 6 tight oil accumulation in Shuanglong area. Ordos Basin Miner Rocks. 2016;36(4):95–103.Search in Google Scholar

[23] Bai Y, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Liu P, Li S. Oil reservoir forming mechanisms and main controlling factors of tight oil of chang-9 member in Ansai area, Ordos Basin. J Cent South Univ. 2014;45(9):3127–36.Search in Google Scholar

[24] Wang F, Tian JC, Fan LY. Sedimentary filling evolution of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and its response to Indosinian tectonic movement. Nat Gas Geosci. 2010;21(6):882–9.Search in Google Scholar

[25] Xia BD, Li PJ. Sedimentological evidence for the assembly of the Yangtze plate and the North China plate in the Middle-Late Triassic. Depos J. 1996;23:11–21.Search in Google Scholar

[26] Wu ZP, Hou XB, Li W. Mesozoic basin framework and evolution in the eastern part of North China. Tectonotectonics Metallogenics. 2007;13:385–99.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Huang W, Liang J, Zhao B. Main controlling factors of tight oil accumulations in the Fuyu Layer of Cretaceous Quantou Formation in northern Songliao Basin. J Palaeogeogr. 2013;15(5):635–44.Search in Google Scholar

[28] Lv X, Fu M, Zhang S, Liu Y, Ding X, Meng X, et al. The effect of thermal fluid derived from mud diapir on sandstone reservoirs in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. Energy Geosci. 2022;3(4):473–84. 10.1016/j.engeos.2021.10.001.Search in Google Scholar

[29] Yang ZF, Zeng JH, Han F. Microscopic pore characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Chang 6-Chang 8 section of the southwestern Ordos Basin. Gas Geosci. 2017;28(6):909–19.Search in Google Scholar

[30] Zhao JZ, Wu FL, Yan SK. Study on oil and gas enrichment regularity of Triassic in the eastern part of Shanbei slope. Pet J. 2006;5:24–7 + 34.Search in Google Scholar

[31] Yan RT, Xu HM, Yan RF. Analysis of tight reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Chang 8 Member of Yanchang Formation in Huanjiang Oilfield, Ordos Basin. J Ocean Univ China. 2016;46(8):96–103. 10.16441/j.cnki.hdxb.20150131.Search in Google Scholar

[32] Wang XW. Study on reservoir sensitivity evaluation and key control factors of tight oil reservoirs. Spec Oil Gas Reserv. 2021;28(1):103. 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.01.015.Search in Google Scholar

[33] Li J, Wei GQ, Xie ZY, Liu RE, Hao AS. Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China: Cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan basin. Acta Petrol Sin. 2013;34:14–28. 10.7623/syxb2013S1002.Search in Google Scholar

[34] Chen SJ, Zhang HX, Lu JG, Yang YM, Liu CW, Wang L, et al. Controlling factors of Jurassic Da’anzhai member tight oil accumulation and high production in central Sichuan Basin, SW China. Pet Explor Dev. 2015;42(2):206–14. 10.1016/S1876-3804(15)30007-0.Search in Google Scholar

[35] Lan S, Song D, Li Z, Liu Y. Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of fault slip process based on damage factor. J Min Strata Control Eng. 2021;3(3):033024.Search in Google Scholar

[36] Lv J, Yin S, Sun Y, Liu L, Li W, Tao D, et al. A new method for predicting injection multiples of extreme displacement in waterflood reservoirs. Energy Geosci. 2022;3(4):465–72. org/10.1016/j.engeos.2022.01.002.Search in Google Scholar

[37] Yan WC, Sun JM, Golsanami N, Li M, Cui LK, Dong HM, et al. Evaluation of wettabilities and pores in tight oil reservoirs by a new experimental design. Fuel. 2019;252:272–80. 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.130.Search in Google Scholar

[38] Wang J, Wang X. Seepage characteristic and fracture development of protected seam caused by mining protecting strata. J Min Strata Control Eng. 2021;3(3):033511.Search in Google Scholar

[39] Bai Y, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Yin Y, Tong J. Accumulation conditions and characteristics of the Chang 7 tight oil reservoir of the the Yanchang Formation in Zhidan area, Ordos basin. Oil Gas Geol. 2013;34(5):631–9.Search in Google Scholar

[40] Liu BB, Tan CQ, Zhao L, Qiu XL, Lin YQ, Bian HY. Micropore Structures and Percolation Characteristics of Carboniferous Carbonate Reservoirs in the Zanarol Area. ACS Omega. 2021;23–6. 10.1021/acsomega.1c02372.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[41] Yang Z, Hou LH, Lin SH, Luo X, Zhang LJ, Wu ST, et al. Geologic characteristics and exploration potential of tight oil and shale oil in Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar sag. China Pet Explor. 2018;23(4):76. 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2018.04.009.Search in Google Scholar

[42] Luo X, Wang XJ, Wu ZH, He TT, Qiu XL, Yuan F, et al. Study on Stress Sensitivity of Ultra-Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoir Considering Starting Pressure Gradient. Front Earth Sci. 2022;10:45–9.10.3389/feart.2022.890084Search in Google Scholar

[43] Yang P, Guo H, Yang D. Determination of Residual Oil Distribution during Waterflooding in Tight Oil Formations with NMR Relaxometry Measurements. Energy Fuels. 2013;27:5750–6. 10.1021/ef400631h.Search in Google Scholar

[44] Si S, He J, Zhao Y, Chuang E, Bai Y, Wu W. Diagenesis of tight sandstone and its influence on reservoir properties: A case study of Fuyu reservoirs in Songliao Basin, China. Unconv Resour. 2023;3:1–10. 10.1016/j.uncres.2022.12.002.Search in Google Scholar

[45] Bashir Y, Faisal MA, Biswas A. Seismic expression of miocene carbonate platform and reservoir characterization through geophysical approach: Application in central Luconia, offshore Malaysia. J Pet Explor Prod. 2021;11:1533–44. 10.1007/s13202-021-01132-2.Search in Google Scholar

[46] Qazi S, Numair A. Integrated well data and 3D seismic inversion study for reservoir delineation and description. Bull Geol Soc Malays. 2020;70:209–20. 10.7186/bgsm70202016.Search in Google Scholar

[47] Noureen S, Syed H, Numair A, Ali W, Yasir B. Diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy of Miocene, Nyalau Formation, Sarawak, Malaysia: A case study for clastic reservoirs. Kuwait J Sci. 2023;23:45–8. 10.1016/j.kjs.2023.04.003.Search in Google Scholar

[48] Amir A, Yasir B. A new approach to petroelastic modeling of carbonate rocks using an extended pore-space stiffness method, with application to a carbonate reservoir in Central Luconia, Sarawak, Malaysia. Lead Edge. 2020;39(8):592–6. 10.1190/tle39080592a1.1.Search in Google Scholar

[49] Zhang GC, Wu AJ, Li HY, Qu HJ, Li YC, Xiao LL, et al. Hydrocarbon enrichment and main controlling factors in offshore rift basins of China: A case study in the beibuwan basin. Acta Geol Sin Engl Ed. 2021;34:23–7. 10.1111/1755-6724.14632.Search in Google Scholar

[50] Zhao WZ, Hu SY, Hou LH, Yang T, Li X, Guo BC, et al. Types and resource potential of continental shale oil in China and its boundary with tight oil. Pet Explor Dev. 2020;47(1):1–11. 10.1016/S1876-3804(20)60001-5.Search in Google Scholar

[51] Wu Z, Tang M, Zuo Y, Lou Y, Wang W, Liu H, et al. Acoustic emission-based numerical simulation of tectonic stress field for tectoclase prediction in shale reservoirs of the northern Guizhou area, China. Energy Geosci. 2021;3(4):436–43. 10.1016/j.engeos.2021.10.005.Search in Google Scholar

[52] Chen G, Li T, Yang L, Zhang G, Li J, Dong H. Mechanical properties and failure mechanism of combined bodies with different coal-rock ratios and combinations. J Min Strata Control Eng. 2021;3(2):023522.Search in Google Scholar

[53] Lai J, Wang G, Pang X, Fan X, Zhou Z, Si Z. Effect of pore structure on reservoir quality and oiliness in Eocene Dongying Formation sandstones in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. Energy Fuels. 2018;32(9):9220–32.10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01989Search in Google Scholar

[54] Xia D, Wu Y, Zou M, Xia D, Pang W. Quality characterization of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation of the Honghe oilfield, Ordos Basin, central China. Energy Geosci. 2022;3(4):444–52. 10.1016/j.engeos.2021.07.001.Search in Google Scholar

[55] Zhao L, Zhou W, Zhong Y, Guo R, Jin Z, Chen Y. Control factors of reservoir oil-bearing difference of cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the H oilfield, Iraq. Pet Explor Dev. 2019;34:45–7.Search in Google Scholar

[56] Kirmani F, Raza A, Gholami R, Haidar M, Fareed C. Analyzing the effect of steam quality and injection temperature on the performance of steam flooding. Energy Geosci. 2021;2(1):83–6. 10.1016/j.engeos.2020.11.002.Search in Google Scholar

[57] Luan HE, Cao Y, Jiang Y, Guan Y, Li C, Zhang S, et al. Implementation of tension-shear coupling failure mode of rock bolts in FLAC3D and its application. J Min Strata Control Eng. 2022;4(6):063029. 10.13532/j.jmsce.cn10-1638/td.20220727.002.Search in Google Scholar

[58] Liu Z, Shi B, Ge T, Sui F, Wang Y, Zhang P, et al. Tight sandstone reservoir sensitivity and damage mechanism analysis: A case study from Ordos Basin, China and implications for reservoir damage prevention. Energy Geosci. 2022;3(4):394–416. 10.1016/j.engeos.2021.05.001.Search in Google Scholar

[59] Li Y, Song Y, Jiang S, Jiang Z, Yang W, Wang Q. Tight reservoir oiliness numerical simulation based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (mcmc) method: A case study of the upper Triassic Yanchang-6 Formation (t3ch6 fm.) outcrop of Ordos basin. J Pet Sci Eng. 2019;175:1150–9.10.1016/j.petrol.2019.01.010Search in Google Scholar

[60] Yuan L, Zhao M, Linjun YU, Wang L, Yang B. Research on the relationship between heterogeneity and oiliness of Chang 8 reservoir in Wubao area. Ground Water. 2014;23:23–6.Search in Google Scholar

[61] Zhao Z, Wu K, Fan Y, Yue W. An optimization model for conductivity of hydraulic fracture networks in the Longmaxi shale. Sichuan Basin. 2020;1(1–2):47–54. 10.1016/j.engeos.2020.05.001.Search in Google Scholar

[62] Wu T, Li L, Li W, Gai Y, Chen L. A quantitative study on source rocks in the western Leidong depression, northern South China Sea. Energy Geosci. 2021;2(1):73–82. 10.1016/j.engeos.2020.10.002.Search in Google Scholar

[63] Yang X, Fan J, Zhang Y, Li W, Du Y, Yang R. Microscopic pore structure characteristics of tight limestone reservoirs: New insights from Section 1 of the Permian Maokou Formation, southeastern Sichuan Basin, China. Unconv Resour. 2022;2:31–40. 10.1016/j.uncres.2022.08.001.Search in Google Scholar

[64] Limin Z, Wen Z, Zhong Y. Control factors of reservoir oil-bearing difference of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the H oilfield, Iraq. Pet Explor Dev. 2019;46(2):314–23.10.1016/S1876-3804(19)60011-XSearch in Google Scholar

[65] Zhao J, Fan J, Xue T. Reservoir permeability characteristics and classification evaluation of Chang 7 tight oil in Ordos Basin. J Northwest Univ. 2018;48(6):857–66. 10.16152/j.cnki.xdxbzr.2018-06-013.Search in Google Scholar

[66] Zhou X, He S, Liu P. Pore structure characteristics and classification evaluation of Chang 6 tight oil reservoir in Daijiaping area, Ordos Basin. Earth Sci Front. 2016;23(3):253–65. 10.13745/j.esf.2016.03.029.Search in Google Scholar

[67] Luo Q, Zhang Z, Yuan Z. Connotation, evaluation and optimization of tight oil dessert – taking the Cretaceous Xiagou Formation in Qingxi Sag of Jiuquan Basin as an example. Lithol Reserv. 2022;34(4):1–12.Search in Google Scholar

[68] Song Z, Li H, Fan X. Comprehensive classification and evaluation of multi-type sand body reservoirs in Fuyu oil layer in the eastern part of Daqing placanticline. Daqing Pet Geol Dev. 2023;42(4):55–63. 10.19597/J.ISSN.1000-3754.202204003.Search in Google Scholar

[69] Zhou G, Liu H. Comprehensive evaluation of tight oil reservoirs in Jurassic Da'anzhai member of central Sichuan area. Sci Technol Eng. 2017;17(29):241–9.Search in Google Scholar

[70] Geng J, Xie Z, Zhang W. Research on oil-bearing logging evaluation method of tight oil horizontal well reservoir. China Pet Chem Ind St Qual. 2022;42(22):8–9 + 12.Search in Google Scholar

[71] Tang Z, Zhao J, Wang T. Evaluation and key technology application of tight oil “sweet spot area (section)” in southern Songliao Basin. Nat Gas Geosci. 2019;30(8):1114–24.Search in Google Scholar

[72] Li Y, Lu Z, Wu Z. Tight oil sweet spot prediction of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the second member of Kongdian formation in Cangdong Sag. Pet Geophys Explor. 2018,53(5):1059–1066 + 884. 10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2018.05.020.Search in Google Scholar
Received: 2023-08-02
Revised: 2023-11-14
Accepted: 2023-11-16
Published Online: 2024-04-12

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Theoretical magnetotelluric response of stratiform earth consisting of alternative homogeneous and transitional layers
  3. The research of common drought indexes for the application to the drought monitoring in the region of Jin Sha river
  4. Evolutionary game analysis of government, businesses, and consumers in high-standard farmland low-carbon construction
  5. On the use of low-frequency passive seismic as a direct hydrocarbon indicator: A case study at Banyubang oil field, Indonesia
  6. Water transportation planning in connection with extreme weather conditions; case study – Port of Novi Sad, Serbia
  7. Zircon U–Pb ages of the Paleozoic volcaniclastic strata in the Junggar Basin, NW China
  8. Monitoring of mangrove forests vegetation based on optical versus microwave data: A case study western coast of Saudi Arabia
  9. Microfacies analysis of marine shale: A case study of the shales of the Wufeng–Longmaxi formation in the western Chongqing, Sichuan Basin, China
  10. Multisource remote sensing image fusion processing in plateau seismic region feature information extraction and application analysis – An example of the Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake on January 8, 2022
  11. Identification of magnetic mineralogy and paleo-flow direction of the Miocene-quaternary volcanic products in the north of Lake Van, Eastern Turkey
  12. Impact of fully rotating steel casing bored pile on adjacent tunnels
  13. Adolescents’ consumption intentions toward leisure tourism in high-risk leisure environments in riverine areas
  14. Petrogenesis of Jurassic granitic rocks in South China Block: Implications for events related to subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate
  15. Differences in urban daytime and night block vitality based on mobile phone signaling data: A case study of Kunming’s urban district
  16. Random forest and artificial neural network-based tsunami forests classification using data fusion of Sentinel-2 and Airbus Vision-1 satellites: A case study of Garhi Chandan, Pakistan
  17. Integrated geophysical approach for detection and size-geometry characterization of a multiscale karst system in carbonate units, semiarid Brazil
  18. Spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services value and analysis of driving factors in the Yangtze River Delta Region
  19. Deep fault sliding rates for Ka-Ping block of Xinjiang based on repeating earthquakes
  20. Improved deep learning segmentation of outdoor point clouds with different sampling strategies and using intensities
  21. Platform margin belt structure and sedimentation characteristics of Changxing Formation reefs on both sides of the Kaijiang-Liangping trough, eastern Sichuan Basin, China
  22. Enhancing attapulgite and cement-modified loess for effective landfill lining: A study on seepage prevention and Cu/Pb ion adsorption
  23. Flood risk assessment, a case study in an arid environment of Southeast Morocco
  24. Lower limits of physical properties and classification evaluation criteria of the tight reservoir in the Ahe Formation in the Dibei Area of the Kuqa depression
  25. Evaluation of Viaducts’ contribution to road network accessibility in the Yunnan–Guizhou area based on the node deletion method
  26. Permian tectonic switch of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Constraints from magmatism in the southern Alxa region, NW China
  27. Element geochemical differences in lower Cambrian black shales with hydrothermal sedimentation in the Yangtze block, South China
  28. Three-dimensional finite-memory quasi-Newton inversion of the magnetotelluric based on unstructured grids
  29. Obliquity-paced summer monsoon from the Shilou red clay section on the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau
  30. Classification and logging identification of reservoir space near the upper Ordovician pinch-out line in Tahe Oilfield
  31. Ultra-deep channel sand body target recognition method based on improved deep learning under UAV cluster
  32. New formula to determine flyrock distance on sedimentary rocks with low strength
  33. Assessing the ecological security of tourism in Northeast China
  34. Effective reservoir identification and sweet spot prediction in Chang 8 Member tight oil reservoirs in Huanjiang area, Ordos Basin
  35. Detecting heterogeneity of spatial accessibility to sports facilities for adolescents at fine scale: A case study in Changsha, China
  36. Effects of freeze–thaw cycles on soil nutrients by soft rock and sand remodeling
  37. Vibration prediction with a method based on the absorption property of blast-induced seismic waves: A case study
  38. A new look at the geodynamic development of the Ediacaran–early Cambrian forearc basalts of the Tannuola-Khamsara Island Arc (Central Asia, Russia): Conclusions from geological, geochemical, and Nd-isotope data
  39. Spatio-temporal analysis of the driving factors of urban land use expansion in China: A study of the Yangtze River Delta region
  40. Selection of Euler deconvolution solutions using the enhanced horizontal gradient and stable vertical differentiation
  41. Phase change of the Ordovician hydrocarbon in the Tarim Basin: A case study from the Halahatang–Shunbei area
  42. Using interpretative structure model and analytical network process for optimum site selection of airport locations in Delta Egypt
  43. Geochemistry of magnetite from Fe-skarn deposits along the central Loei Fold Belt, Thailand
  44. Functional typology of settlements in the Srem region, Serbia
  45. Hunger Games Search for the elucidation of gravity anomalies with application to geothermal energy investigations and volcanic activity studies
  46. Addressing incomplete tile phenomena in image tiling: Introducing the grid six-intersection model
  47. Evaluation and control model for resilience of water resource building system based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and its application
  48. MIF and AHP methods for delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques in Tirunelveli, Tenkasi District, India
  49. New database for the estimation of dynamic coefficient of friction of snow
  50. Measuring urban growth dynamics: A study in Hue city, Vietnam
  51. Comparative models of support-vector machine, multilayer perceptron, and decision tree ‎predication approaches for landslide ‎susceptibility analysis
  52. Experimental study on the influence of clay content on the shear strength of silty soil and mechanism analysis
  53. Geosite assessment as a contribution to the sustainable development of Babušnica, Serbia
  54. Using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process for road transportation services management based on remote sensing and GIS technology
  55. Accumulation mechanism of multi-type unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in Northern China: Taking Hari Sag of the Yin’e Basin as an example
  56. TOC prediction of source rocks based on the convolutional neural network and logging curves – A case study of Pinghu Formation in Xihu Sag
  57. A method for fast detection of wind farms from remote sensing images using deep learning and geospatial analysis
  58. Spatial distribution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification in Southwest China based on GIS and geodetector
  59. Physicochemical and mineralogical composition studies of clays from Share and Tshonga areas, Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria: Implications for Geophagia
  60. Geochemical sedimentary records of eutrophication and environmental change in Chaohu Lake, East China
  61. Research progress of freeze–thaw rock using bibliometric analysis
  62. Mixed irrigation affects the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community
  63. Examining the swelling potential of cohesive soils with high plasticity according to their index properties using GIS
  64. Geological genesis and identification of high-porosity and low-permeability sandstones in the Cretaceous Bashkirchik Formation, northern Tarim Basin
  65. Usability of PPGIS tools exemplified by geodiscussion – a tool for public participation in shaping public space
  66. Efficient development technology of Upper Paleozoic Lower Shihezi tight sandstone gas reservoir in northeastern Ordos Basin
  67. Assessment of soil resources of agricultural landscapes in Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on agrochemical indexes
  68. Evaluating the impact of DEM interpolation algorithms on relief index for soil resource management
  69. Petrogenetic relationship between plutonic and subvolcanic rocks in the Jurassic Shuikoushan complex, South China
  70. A novel workflow for shale lithology identification – A case study in the Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin, China
  71. Characteristics and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs in Fei-3 Member of Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic, Puguang area
  72. Impact of high-speed railway network on county-level accessibility and economic linkage in Jiangxi Province, China: A spatio-temporal data analysis
  73. Estimation model of wild fractional vegetation cover based on RGB vegetation index and its application
  74. Lithofacies, petrography, and geochemistry of the Lamphun oceanic plate stratigraphy: As a record of the subduction history of Paleo-Tethys in Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone of Thailand
  75. Structural features and tectonic activity of the Weihe Fault, central China
  76. Application of the wavelet transform and Hilbert–Huang transform in stratigraphic sequence division of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in Southwest Sichuan Basin
  77. Structural detachment influences the shale gas preservation in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Northern Guizhou Province
  78. Distribution law of Chang 7 Member tight oil in the western Ordos Basin based on geological, logging and numerical simulation techniques
  79. Evaluation of alteration in the geothermal province west of Cappadocia, Türkiye: Mineralogical, petrographical, geochemical, and remote sensing data
  80. Numerical modeling of site response at large strains with simplified nonlinear models: Application to Lotung seismic array
  81. Quantitative characterization of granite failure intensity under dynamic disturbance from energy standpoint
  82. Characteristics of debris flow dynamics and prediction of the hazardous area in Bangou Village, Yanqing District, Beijing, China
  83. Rockfall mapping and susceptibility evaluation based on UAV high-resolution imagery and support vector machine method
  84. Statistical comparison analysis of different real-time kinematic methods for the development of photogrammetric products: CORS-RTK, CORS-RTK + PPK, RTK-DRTK2, and RTK + DRTK2 + GCP
  85. Hydrogeological mapping of fracture networks using earth observation data to improve rainfall–runoff modeling in arid mountains, Saudi Arabia
  86. Petrography and geochemistry of pegmatite and leucogranite of Ntega-Marangara area, Burundi, in relation to rare metal mineralisation
  87. Prediction of formation fracture pressure based on reinforcement learning and XGBoost
  88. Hazard zonation for potential earthquake-induced landslide in the eastern East Kunlun fault zone
  89. Monitoring water infiltration in multiple layers of sandstone coal mining model with cracks using ERT
  90. Study of the patterns of ice lake variation and the factors influencing these changes in the western Nyingchi area
  91. Productive conservation at the landslide prone area under the threat of rapid land cover changes
  92. Sedimentary processes and patterns in deposits corresponding to freshwater lake-facies of hyperpycnal flow – An experimental study based on flume depositional simulations
  93. Study on time-dependent injectability evaluation of mudstone considering the self-healing effect
  94. Detection of objects with diverse geometric shapes in GPR images using deep-learning methods
  95. Behavior of trace metals in sedimentary cores from marine and lacustrine environments in Algeria
  96. Spatiotemporal variation pattern and spatial coupling relationship between NDVI and LST in Mu Us Sandy Land
  97. Formation mechanism and oil-bearing properties of gravity flow sand body of Chang 63 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Huaqing area, Ordos Basin
  98. Diagenesis of marine-continental transitional shale from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin, China
  99. Vertical high-velocity structures and seismic activity in western Shandong Rise, China: Case study inspired by double-difference seismic tomography
  100. Spatial coupling relationship between metamorphic core complex and gold deposits: Constraints from geophysical electromagnetics
  101. Disparities in the geospatial allocation of public facilities from the perspective of living circles
  102. Research on spatial correlation structure of war heritage based on field theory. A case study of Jinzhai County, China
  103. Formation mechanisms of Qiaoba-Zhongdu Danxia landforms in southwestern Sichuan Province, China
  104. Magnetic data interpretation: Implication for structure and hydrocarbon potentiality at Delta Wadi Diit, Southeastern Egypt
  105. Deeply buried clastic rock diagenesis evolution mechanism of Dongdaohaizi sag in the center of Junggar fault basin, Northwest China
  106. Application of LS-RAPID to simulate the motion of two contrasting landslides triggered by earthquakes
  107. The new insight of tectonic setting in Sunda–Banda transition zone using tomography seismic. Case study: 7.1 M deep earthquake 29 August 2023
  108. The critical role of c and φ in ensuring stability: A study on rockfill dams
  109. Evidence of late quaternary activity of the Weining-Shuicheng Fault in Guizhou, China
  110. Extreme hydroclimatic events and response of vegetation in the eastern QTP since 10 ka
  111. Spatial–temporal effect of sea–land gradient on landscape pattern and ecological risk in the coastal zone: A case study of Dalian City
  112. Study on the influence mechanism of land use on carbon storage under multiple scenarios: A case study of Wenzhou
  113. A new method for identifying reservoir fluid properties based on well logging data: A case study from PL block of Bohai Bay Basin, North China
  114. Comparison between thermal models across the Middle Magdalena Valley, Eastern Cordillera, and Eastern Llanos basins in Colombia
  115. Mineralogical and elemental analysis of Kazakh coals from three mines: Preliminary insights from mode of occurrence to environmental impacts
  116. Chlorite-induced porosity evolution in multi-source tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the Shaximiao Formation in western Sichuan Basin
  117. Predicting stability factors for rotational failures in earth slopes and embankments using artificial intelligence techniques
  118. Origin of Late Cretaceous A-type granitoids in South China: Response to the rollback and retreat of the Paleo-Pacific plate
  119. Modification of dolomitization on reservoir spaces in reef–shoal complex: A case study of Permian Changxing Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China
  120. Geological characteristics of the Daduhe gold belt, western Sichuan, China: Implications for exploration
  121. Rock physics model for deep coal-bed methane reservoir based on equivalent medium theory: A case study of Carboniferous-Permian in Eastern Ordos Basin
  122. Enhancing the total-field magnetic anomaly using the normalized source strength
  123. Shear wave velocity profiling of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, utilizing the multi-channel analysis of surface waves method
  124. Effect of coal facies on pore structure heterogeneity of coal measures: Quantitative characterization and comparative study
  125. Inversion method of organic matter content of different types of soils in black soil area based on hyperspectral indices
  126. Detection of seepage zones in artificial levees: A case study at the Körös River, Hungary
  127. Tight sandstone fluid detection technology based on multi-wave seismic data
  128. Characteristics and control techniques of soft rock tunnel lining cracks in high geo-stress environments: Case study of Wushaoling tunnel group
  129. Influence of pore structure characteristics on the Permian Shan-1 reservoir in Longdong, Southwest Ordos Basin, China
  130. Study on sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation – Lower Shihezi Formation in Da 17 well area of Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin
  131. Multi-scenario territorial spatial simulation and dynamic changes: A case study of Jilin Province in China from 1985 to 2030
  132. Review Articles
  133. Major ascidian species with negative impacts on bivalve aquaculture: Current knowledge and future research aims
  134. Prediction and assessment of meteorological drought in southwest China using long short-term memory model
  135. Communication
  136. Essential questions in earth and geosciences according to large language models
  137. Erratum
  138. Erratum to “Random forest and artificial neural network-based tsunami forests classification using data fusion of Sentinel-2 and Airbus Vision-1 satellites: A case study of Garhi Chandan, Pakistan”
  139. Special Issue: Natural Resources and Environmental Risks: Towards a Sustainable Future - Part I
  140. Spatial-temporal and trend analysis of traffic accidents in AP Vojvodina (North Serbia)
  141. Exploring environmental awareness, knowledge, and safety: A comparative study among students in Montenegro and North Macedonia
  142. Determinants influencing tourists’ willingness to visit Türkiye – Impact of earthquake hazards on Serbian visitors’ preferences
  143. Application of remote sensing in monitoring land degradation: A case study of Stanari municipality (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
  144. Optimizing agricultural land use: A GIS-based assessment of suitability in the Sana River Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  145. Assessing risk-prone areas in the Kratovska Reka catchment (North Macedonia) by integrating advanced geospatial analytics and flash flood potential index
  146. Analysis of the intensity of erosive processes and state of vegetation cover in the zone of influence of the Kolubara Mining Basin
  147. GIS-based spatial modeling of landslide susceptibility using BWM-LSI: A case study – city of Smederevo (Serbia)
  148. Geospatial modeling of wildfire susceptibility on a national scale in Montenegro: A comparative evaluation of F-AHP and FR methodologies
  149. Geosite assessment as the first step for the development of canyoning activities in North Montenegro
  150. Urban geoheritage and degradation risk assessment of the Sokograd fortress (Sokobanja, Eastern Serbia)
  151. Multi-hazard modeling of erosion and landslide susceptibility at the national scale in the example of North Macedonia
  152. Understanding seismic hazard resilience in Montenegro: A qualitative analysis of community preparedness and response capabilities
  153. Forest soil CO2 emission in Quercus robur level II monitoring site
  154. Characterization of glomalin proteins in soil: A potential indicator of erosion intensity
  155. Power of Terroir: Case study of Grašac at the Fruška Gora wine region (North Serbia)
  156. Special Issue: Geospatial and Environmental Dynamics - Part I
  157. Qualitative insights into cultural heritage protection in Serbia: Addressing legal and institutional gaps for disaster risk resilience
https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0584
Keywords for this article
Huanjiang oilfield; Chang 8 reservoir; tight oil sandstone; oil-bearing property; sweet spot prediction
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Theoretical magnetotelluric response of stratiform earth consisting of alternative homogeneous and transitional layers
  3. The research of common drought indexes for the application to the drought monitoring in the region of Jin Sha river
  4. Evolutionary game analysis of government, businesses, and consumers in high-standard farmland low-carbon construction
  5. On the use of low-frequency passive seismic as a direct hydrocarbon indicator: A case study at Banyubang oil field, Indonesia
  6. Water transportation planning in connection with extreme weather conditions; case study – Port of Novi Sad, Serbia
  7. Zircon U–Pb ages of the Paleozoic volcaniclastic strata in the Junggar Basin, NW China
  8. Monitoring of mangrove forests vegetation based on optical versus microwave data: A case study western coast of Saudi Arabia
  9. Microfacies analysis of marine shale: A case study of the shales of the Wufeng–Longmaxi formation in the western Chongqing, Sichuan Basin, China
  10. Multisource remote sensing image fusion processing in plateau seismic region feature information extraction and application analysis – An example of the Menyuan Ms6.9 earthquake on January 8, 2022
  11. Identification of magnetic mineralogy and paleo-flow direction of the Miocene-quaternary volcanic products in the north of Lake Van, Eastern Turkey
  12. Impact of fully rotating steel casing bored pile on adjacent tunnels
  13. Adolescents’ consumption intentions toward leisure tourism in high-risk leisure environments in riverine areas
  14. Petrogenesis of Jurassic granitic rocks in South China Block: Implications for events related to subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate
  15. Differences in urban daytime and night block vitality based on mobile phone signaling data: A case study of Kunming’s urban district
  16. Random forest and artificial neural network-based tsunami forests classification using data fusion of Sentinel-2 and Airbus Vision-1 satellites: A case study of Garhi Chandan, Pakistan
  17. Integrated geophysical approach for detection and size-geometry characterization of a multiscale karst system in carbonate units, semiarid Brazil
  18. Spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services value and analysis of driving factors in the Yangtze River Delta Region
  19. Deep fault sliding rates for Ka-Ping block of Xinjiang based on repeating earthquakes
  20. Improved deep learning segmentation of outdoor point clouds with different sampling strategies and using intensities
  21. Platform margin belt structure and sedimentation characteristics of Changxing Formation reefs on both sides of the Kaijiang-Liangping trough, eastern Sichuan Basin, China
  22. Enhancing attapulgite and cement-modified loess for effective landfill lining: A study on seepage prevention and Cu/Pb ion adsorption
  23. Flood risk assessment, a case study in an arid environment of Southeast Morocco
  24. Lower limits of physical properties and classification evaluation criteria of the tight reservoir in the Ahe Formation in the Dibei Area of the Kuqa depression
  25. Evaluation of Viaducts’ contribution to road network accessibility in the Yunnan–Guizhou area based on the node deletion method
  26. Permian tectonic switch of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Constraints from magmatism in the southern Alxa region, NW China
  27. Element geochemical differences in lower Cambrian black shales with hydrothermal sedimentation in the Yangtze block, South China
  28. Three-dimensional finite-memory quasi-Newton inversion of the magnetotelluric based on unstructured grids
  29. Obliquity-paced summer monsoon from the Shilou red clay section on the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau
  30. Classification and logging identification of reservoir space near the upper Ordovician pinch-out line in Tahe Oilfield
  31. Ultra-deep channel sand body target recognition method based on improved deep learning under UAV cluster
  32. New formula to determine flyrock distance on sedimentary rocks with low strength
  33. Assessing the ecological security of tourism in Northeast China
  34. Effective reservoir identification and sweet spot prediction in Chang 8 Member tight oil reservoirs in Huanjiang area, Ordos Basin
  35. Detecting heterogeneity of spatial accessibility to sports facilities for adolescents at fine scale: A case study in Changsha, China
  36. Effects of freeze–thaw cycles on soil nutrients by soft rock and sand remodeling
  37. Vibration prediction with a method based on the absorption property of blast-induced seismic waves: A case study
  38. A new look at the geodynamic development of the Ediacaran–early Cambrian forearc basalts of the Tannuola-Khamsara Island Arc (Central Asia, Russia): Conclusions from geological, geochemical, and Nd-isotope data
  39. Spatio-temporal analysis of the driving factors of urban land use expansion in China: A study of the Yangtze River Delta region
  40. Selection of Euler deconvolution solutions using the enhanced horizontal gradient and stable vertical differentiation
  41. Phase change of the Ordovician hydrocarbon in the Tarim Basin: A case study from the Halahatang–Shunbei area
  42. Using interpretative structure model and analytical network process for optimum site selection of airport locations in Delta Egypt
  43. Geochemistry of magnetite from Fe-skarn deposits along the central Loei Fold Belt, Thailand
  44. Functional typology of settlements in the Srem region, Serbia
  45. Hunger Games Search for the elucidation of gravity anomalies with application to geothermal energy investigations and volcanic activity studies
  46. Addressing incomplete tile phenomena in image tiling: Introducing the grid six-intersection model
  47. Evaluation and control model for resilience of water resource building system based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and its application
  48. MIF and AHP methods for delineation of groundwater potential zones using remote sensing and GIS techniques in Tirunelveli, Tenkasi District, India
  49. New database for the estimation of dynamic coefficient of friction of snow
  50. Measuring urban growth dynamics: A study in Hue city, Vietnam
  51. Comparative models of support-vector machine, multilayer perceptron, and decision tree ‎predication approaches for landslide ‎susceptibility analysis
  52. Experimental study on the influence of clay content on the shear strength of silty soil and mechanism analysis
  53. Geosite assessment as a contribution to the sustainable development of Babušnica, Serbia
  54. Using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process for road transportation services management based on remote sensing and GIS technology
  55. Accumulation mechanism of multi-type unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in Northern China: Taking Hari Sag of the Yin’e Basin as an example
  56. TOC prediction of source rocks based on the convolutional neural network and logging curves – A case study of Pinghu Formation in Xihu Sag
  57. A method for fast detection of wind farms from remote sensing images using deep learning and geospatial analysis
  58. Spatial distribution and driving factors of karst rocky desertification in Southwest China based on GIS and geodetector
  59. Physicochemical and mineralogical composition studies of clays from Share and Tshonga areas, Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria: Implications for Geophagia
  60. Geochemical sedimentary records of eutrophication and environmental change in Chaohu Lake, East China
  61. Research progress of freeze–thaw rock using bibliometric analysis
  62. Mixed irrigation affects the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community
  63. Examining the swelling potential of cohesive soils with high plasticity according to their index properties using GIS
  64. Geological genesis and identification of high-porosity and low-permeability sandstones in the Cretaceous Bashkirchik Formation, northern Tarim Basin
  65. Usability of PPGIS tools exemplified by geodiscussion – a tool for public participation in shaping public space
  66. Efficient development technology of Upper Paleozoic Lower Shihezi tight sandstone gas reservoir in northeastern Ordos Basin
  67. Assessment of soil resources of agricultural landscapes in Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on agrochemical indexes
  68. Evaluating the impact of DEM interpolation algorithms on relief index for soil resource management
  69. Petrogenetic relationship between plutonic and subvolcanic rocks in the Jurassic Shuikoushan complex, South China
  70. A novel workflow for shale lithology identification – A case study in the Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin, China
  71. Characteristics and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs in Fei-3 Member of Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic, Puguang area
  72. Impact of high-speed railway network on county-level accessibility and economic linkage in Jiangxi Province, China: A spatio-temporal data analysis
  73. Estimation model of wild fractional vegetation cover based on RGB vegetation index and its application
  74. Lithofacies, petrography, and geochemistry of the Lamphun oceanic plate stratigraphy: As a record of the subduction history of Paleo-Tethys in Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone of Thailand
  75. Structural features and tectonic activity of the Weihe Fault, central China
  76. Application of the wavelet transform and Hilbert–Huang transform in stratigraphic sequence division of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in Southwest Sichuan Basin
  77. Structural detachment influences the shale gas preservation in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Northern Guizhou Province
  78. Distribution law of Chang 7 Member tight oil in the western Ordos Basin based on geological, logging and numerical simulation techniques
  79. Evaluation of alteration in the geothermal province west of Cappadocia, Türkiye: Mineralogical, petrographical, geochemical, and remote sensing data
  80. Numerical modeling of site response at large strains with simplified nonlinear models: Application to Lotung seismic array
  81. Quantitative characterization of granite failure intensity under dynamic disturbance from energy standpoint
  82. Characteristics of debris flow dynamics and prediction of the hazardous area in Bangou Village, Yanqing District, Beijing, China
  83. Rockfall mapping and susceptibility evaluation based on UAV high-resolution imagery and support vector machine method
  84. Statistical comparison analysis of different real-time kinematic methods for the development of photogrammetric products: CORS-RTK, CORS-RTK + PPK, RTK-DRTK2, and RTK + DRTK2 + GCP
  85. Hydrogeological mapping of fracture networks using earth observation data to improve rainfall–runoff modeling in arid mountains, Saudi Arabia
  86. Petrography and geochemistry of pegmatite and leucogranite of Ntega-Marangara area, Burundi, in relation to rare metal mineralisation
  87. Prediction of formation fracture pressure based on reinforcement learning and XGBoost
  88. Hazard zonation for potential earthquake-induced landslide in the eastern East Kunlun fault zone
  89. Monitoring water infiltration in multiple layers of sandstone coal mining model with cracks using ERT
  90. Study of the patterns of ice lake variation and the factors influencing these changes in the western Nyingchi area
  91. Productive conservation at the landslide prone area under the threat of rapid land cover changes
  92. Sedimentary processes and patterns in deposits corresponding to freshwater lake-facies of hyperpycnal flow – An experimental study based on flume depositional simulations
  93. Study on time-dependent injectability evaluation of mudstone considering the self-healing effect
  94. Detection of objects with diverse geometric shapes in GPR images using deep-learning methods
  95. Behavior of trace metals in sedimentary cores from marine and lacustrine environments in Algeria
  96. Spatiotemporal variation pattern and spatial coupling relationship between NDVI and LST in Mu Us Sandy Land
  97. Formation mechanism and oil-bearing properties of gravity flow sand body of Chang 63 sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Huaqing area, Ordos Basin
  98. Diagenesis of marine-continental transitional shale from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in southern Sichuan Basin, China
  99. Vertical high-velocity structures and seismic activity in western Shandong Rise, China: Case study inspired by double-difference seismic tomography
  100. Spatial coupling relationship between metamorphic core complex and gold deposits: Constraints from geophysical electromagnetics
  101. Disparities in the geospatial allocation of public facilities from the perspective of living circles
  102. Research on spatial correlation structure of war heritage based on field theory. A case study of Jinzhai County, China
  103. Formation mechanisms of Qiaoba-Zhongdu Danxia landforms in southwestern Sichuan Province, China
  104. Magnetic data interpretation: Implication for structure and hydrocarbon potentiality at Delta Wadi Diit, Southeastern Egypt
  105. Deeply buried clastic rock diagenesis evolution mechanism of Dongdaohaizi sag in the center of Junggar fault basin, Northwest China
  106. Application of LS-RAPID to simulate the motion of two contrasting landslides triggered by earthquakes
  107. The new insight of tectonic setting in Sunda–Banda transition zone using tomography seismic. Case study: 7.1 M deep earthquake 29 August 2023
  108. The critical role of c and φ in ensuring stability: A study on rockfill dams
  109. Evidence of late quaternary activity of the Weining-Shuicheng Fault in Guizhou, China
  110. Extreme hydroclimatic events and response of vegetation in the eastern QTP since 10 ka
  111. Spatial–temporal effect of sea–land gradient on landscape pattern and ecological risk in the coastal zone: A case study of Dalian City
  112. Study on the influence mechanism of land use on carbon storage under multiple scenarios: A case study of Wenzhou
  113. A new method for identifying reservoir fluid properties based on well logging data: A case study from PL block of Bohai Bay Basin, North China
  114. Comparison between thermal models across the Middle Magdalena Valley, Eastern Cordillera, and Eastern Llanos basins in Colombia
  115. Mineralogical and elemental analysis of Kazakh coals from three mines: Preliminary insights from mode of occurrence to environmental impacts
  116. Chlorite-induced porosity evolution in multi-source tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of the Shaximiao Formation in western Sichuan Basin
  117. Predicting stability factors for rotational failures in earth slopes and embankments using artificial intelligence techniques
  118. Origin of Late Cretaceous A-type granitoids in South China: Response to the rollback and retreat of the Paleo-Pacific plate
  119. Modification of dolomitization on reservoir spaces in reef–shoal complex: A case study of Permian Changxing Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China
  120. Geological characteristics of the Daduhe gold belt, western Sichuan, China: Implications for exploration
  121. Rock physics model for deep coal-bed methane reservoir based on equivalent medium theory: A case study of Carboniferous-Permian in Eastern Ordos Basin
  122. Enhancing the total-field magnetic anomaly using the normalized source strength
  123. Shear wave velocity profiling of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, utilizing the multi-channel analysis of surface waves method
  124. Effect of coal facies on pore structure heterogeneity of coal measures: Quantitative characterization and comparative study
  125. Inversion method of organic matter content of different types of soils in black soil area based on hyperspectral indices
  126. Detection of seepage zones in artificial levees: A case study at the Körös River, Hungary
  127. Tight sandstone fluid detection technology based on multi-wave seismic data
  128. Characteristics and control techniques of soft rock tunnel lining cracks in high geo-stress environments: Case study of Wushaoling tunnel group
  129. Influence of pore structure characteristics on the Permian Shan-1 reservoir in Longdong, Southwest Ordos Basin, China
  130. Study on sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation – Lower Shihezi Formation in Da 17 well area of Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin
  131. Multi-scenario territorial spatial simulation and dynamic changes: A case study of Jilin Province in China from 1985 to 2030
  132. Review Articles
  133. Major ascidian species with negative impacts on bivalve aquaculture: Current knowledge and future research aims
  134. Prediction and assessment of meteorological drought in southwest China using long short-term memory model
  135. Communication
  136. Essential questions in earth and geosciences according to large language models
  137. Erratum
  138. Erratum to “Random forest and artificial neural network-based tsunami forests classification using data fusion of Sentinel-2 and Airbus Vision-1 satellites: A case study of Garhi Chandan, Pakistan”
  139. Special Issue: Natural Resources and Environmental Risks: Towards a Sustainable Future - Part I
  140. Spatial-temporal and trend analysis of traffic accidents in AP Vojvodina (North Serbia)
  141. Exploring environmental awareness, knowledge, and safety: A comparative study among students in Montenegro and North Macedonia
  142. Determinants influencing tourists’ willingness to visit Türkiye – Impact of earthquake hazards on Serbian visitors’ preferences
  143. Application of remote sensing in monitoring land degradation: A case study of Stanari municipality (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
  144. Optimizing agricultural land use: A GIS-based assessment of suitability in the Sana River Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  145. Assessing risk-prone areas in the Kratovska Reka catchment (North Macedonia) by integrating advanced geospatial analytics and flash flood potential index
  146. Analysis of the intensity of erosive processes and state of vegetation cover in the zone of influence of the Kolubara Mining Basin
  147. GIS-based spatial modeling of landslide susceptibility using BWM-LSI: A case study – city of Smederevo (Serbia)
  148. Geospatial modeling of wildfire susceptibility on a national scale in Montenegro: A comparative evaluation of F-AHP and FR methodologies
  149. Geosite assessment as the first step for the development of canyoning activities in North Montenegro
  150. Urban geoheritage and degradation risk assessment of the Sokograd fortress (Sokobanja, Eastern Serbia)
  151. Multi-hazard modeling of erosion and landslide susceptibility at the national scale in the example of North Macedonia
  152. Understanding seismic hazard resilience in Montenegro: A qualitative analysis of community preparedness and response capabilities
  153. Forest soil CO2 emission in Quercus robur level II monitoring site
  154. Characterization of glomalin proteins in soil: A potential indicator of erosion intensity
  155. Power of Terroir: Case study of Grašac at the Fruška Gora wine region (North Serbia)
  156. Special Issue: Geospatial and Environmental Dynamics - Part I
  157. Qualitative insights into cultural heritage protection in Serbia: Addressing legal and institutional gaps for disaster risk resilience
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 10.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/geo-2022-0584/html
Scroll to top button