Home Medicine Health education pathway for individuals with temporary enterostomies using patient journey mapping
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Health education pathway for individuals with temporary enterostomies using patient journey mapping

  • Sha-Sha Qin ORCID logo , Yan-Hua Liu ORCID logo and Su-Qing Chen ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 17, 2025
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Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured health education pathway for patients with temporary enterostomies, guided by patient journey mapping.

Methods

Sixty-six patients undergoing temporary enterostomy in 2024 were enrolled. Patients were assigned to either conventional health education (control group) or a structured pathway based on patient journey mapping (experimental group). Outcomes assessed included patient satisfaction, health knowledge, self-care ability, and postoperative complications.

Results

Compared with the control group, the experimental group demonstrated significantly postoperative satisfaction, health knowledge, and home self-care ability (p<0.05), and a lower incidence of complications (p<0.05).

Conclusions

A personalized health education pathway guided by patient journey mapping effectively enhances patient satisfaction, knowledge, and self-care while reducing postoperative complications, supporting recovery in individuals with temporary enterostomies.

Keywords: health education; patient journey mapping; satisfaction; self-care ability; temporary enterostomy

Introduction

In China, more than one million individuals are living with an ostomy, and the number of new cases increases by approximately 100,000 annually. Temporary ileostomy accounts for approximately three-quarters of all ostomy cases [1]. Temporary enterostomy (TE) is a crucial intervention in the management of colorectal cancer, serving as a temporary excretory diversion created in the proximal bowel to divert intestinal contents away from the anastomotic site [2]. However, stoma-related complications occur in approximately 50 % of individuals with TE, and 3–25 % of these patients require permanent stoma placement due to severe complications that prevent enterostomy closure [3]. The disruption of normal bowel function presents significant physical, psychological, and social challenges [4]. Following surgery, individuals with a stoma typically undergo three phases of adjustment: acceptance, adaptation, and autonomy [5].

Studies indicate that health education plays a critical role in enhancing self-care ability and reducing the incidence of complications among individuals with TE. However, in clinical practice, there is a high demand for ostomy care knowledge, while traditional health education models often fail to meet patient needs due to a lack of systematic structure and continuity. In one department, the health knowledge awareness rate among individuals with TE was reported to be only 10 %. Addressing the comprehensive and continuous health education needs of individuals undergoing TE is essential for successful enterostomy closure. Patient journey mapping is a visual tool used to identify key stages, experiences, and patient needs throughout the disease trajectory [6]. Therefore, developing and implementing a structured health education pathway guided by patient journey mapping represents a critical strategy for improving postoperative satisfaction, increasing health knowledge awareness, reducing complication rates, and enhancing home-based self-care ability.

In recent years, patient journey mapping has been increasingly applied in the management of chronic diseases. This approach helps to optimize the understanding of patient needs, identify pain points and challenges in the care process, and thereby improve both the care experience and patient satisfaction. When applied to individuals with intestinal stomas, patient journey mapping can further identify timely opportunities for intervention and provide patients with diverse and targeted educational support.

Materials and methods

Research participants

This study employed a historical control design. The control group comprised 33 individuals who underwent temporary enterostomy at a tertiary hospital in Taiyuan City between January and June 2024. The experimental group included 33 individuals who underwent the same procedure at the same hospital between July and December 2024.

The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age between 18 and 70 years; (2) intact consciousness, effective communication ability, absence of cognitive dysfunction, and ability to perform activities of daily living independently; (3) signed informed consent for the use of clinical biological information; and (4) absence of severe comorbidities. The exclusion criteria were: (1) end-stage disease with a survival expectancy of ≤ six months and (2) presence of major organic lesions. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of sex, age, marital status, education level, or employment status (p>0.05) (Table 1).

Table 1:

Baseline characteristics of the two groups.

Characteristics Control group, n=33 Experimental group, n=33 χ2 p-Value
Age 18–45 years 6 (18.18) 7 (21.21) 0.58 0.748
> 45–60 years 13 (39.39) 15 (45.45)
> 60 years 14 (42.42) 11 (33.33)
Sex Male 20 (60.61) 18 (54.55) 0.248 0.618
Female 13 (39.39) 15 (45.45)
Marriage Married 25 (75.76) 27 (81.82) 0.363 0.834
Unmarried 4 (12.12) 3 (9.09)
Widowed/divorced 4 (12.12) 3 (9.09)
Educational level Primary school 6 (18.18) 7 (21.21) 1.074 0.783
Middle school 10 (30.30) 12 (36.36)
High school 15 (45.45) 11 (33.33)
Bachelor’s degree and above 2 (6.06) 3 (9.09)
Employment status Employed 13 (39.39) 15 (45.45) 0.58 0.748
Retired 14 (42.42) 11 (33.33)
Unemployed 6 (18.18) 7 (21.21)

Methods

Control group

Individuals in the control group received conventional health education provided by the department, which included face-to-face education, verbal explanations, graphical materials, and questionnaire assessments, without obtaining timely feedback on patients’ level of acceptance. Relevant patient information was collected.

Experimental group

In addition to the conventional health education provided to the control group, a structured health education pathway based on patient journey mapping was implemented for the experimental group. Personalized education was provided according to key challenges, intervention points, evolving patient needs throughout the disease trajectory, and the specific conditions and requirements of each individual. The aim of this approach was to identify service gaps, enhance awareness of ostomy care, and optimize the overall patient experience.

The following measures ensured that the education plan developed for patients was both feasible and effective:

  1. Targeted and Simplified Educational Content: ① Addressing actual needs: Before developing the education plan, patients’ primary health concerns (e.g., common symptoms, medication precautions) were identified through questionnaires and interviews. Educational content was then designed around these core needs, avoiding irrelevant or overly complex information. ② Simplification of medical terminology: Professional medical terms were translated into plain, easy-to-understand language. Visual aids such as images, charts, and diagrams were used to further enhance comprehension.

  2. Diversified Educational Approaches: ① Face-to-face communication: Healthcare staff conducted one-on-one or small-group sessions with patients. The pace and approach were adjusted in real time based on patient feedback, with immediate clarification of unclear points. ② Video-based education: Short, engaging science popularization videos (5–10 min) were produced or selected and shared via patient WeChat groups, allowing patients to access the materials at their convenience. ③ Printed materials: Well-structured brochures with clear layouts and visual illustrations were distributed. The content focused on key knowledge points and step-by-step procedures, enabling patients to review the material repeatedly at home.

  3. Evaluation and Adjustment of Educational Effectiveness: ① Knowledge testing: Simple quizzes (e.g., multiple-choice or true/false questions) were administered before and after the educational intervention to assess changes in patients’ understanding of key medical knowledge. Results were analyzed to identify areas of insufficient comprehension, which were then re-explained. ② Behavioral observation: Patients’ health-related behaviors in daily life were monitored. For those who did not achieve the expected behavioral improvements, underlying reasons were explored, and the educational plan was adjusted accordingly.

The personalized education conducted in the experimental group was structured as follows: (1) Defining individualized education goals: Objectives were tailored according to each patient’s learning ability, personal interests, and specific nursing challenges to ensure targeted outcomes. (2) Planning educational content: The content was adjusted based on patients’ educational backgrounds. For those with lower education levels, simple and easy-to-understand instructions for basic procedures were provided; for patients with higher education levels, more in-depth explanations were added, such as intestinal anatomy, to enhance deeper understanding. (3) Selecting teaching methods: A variety of approaches were adopted, including one-on-one guidance and group-based collaborative learning, where patients were grouped to facilitate peer communication and mutual learning.

Establishment of the temporary ostomy journey mapping research team

A multidisciplinary research team was formed, comprising one attending colorectal surgeon with 10 years of clinical experience, two ostomy therapists with over 10 years of experience (holding at least a bachelor’s degree or a senior nursing title), and two specialist nurses with more than five years of clinical ostomy nursing experience and a nurse practitioner title or higher. All team members participated in training sessions focused on temporary ostomy journey mapping, covering topics such as surgical techniques for temporary stoma creation, standardized stoma care procedures, identification and management of common ostomy-related complications, key aspects of postoperative monitoring, selection of ostomy appliances, and daily postoperative care. The training was conducted through a combination of online and offline clinical practice sessions.

To ensure timely provision of health management services based on patient journey mapping, specific roles were assigned within the team. Clinicians were responsible for diagnosing and managing disease-related conditions and handling medical emergencies. Ostomy therapists oversaw the management of peristomal complications, follow-up of complex stomas, and documentation of patient needs and concerns at different stages of the journey. Specialist nurses were responsible for collecting general patient data, conducting follow-up assessments, and gathering questionnaire responses.

Health education pathway for individuals with temporary enterostomy based on patient journey mapping

  1. Admission stage: Advancements in surgical techniques have led to an increased anus-preserving rate in individuals with low rectal cancer, resulting in a rise in the number of temporary stomas created postoperatively. Upon admission, an assessment of the individual’s health status was conducted, and interview data were analyzed. At this stage, individuals were primarily concerned with the surgical procedure and subsequent treatment plan. Many patients experienced anxiety during the waiting period, including fear related to the stoma, potential cancer metastasis, mortality, or concerns about body image. To address these concerns, nurses and physicians provided timely explanations regarding the surgical method and its necessity, as well as shared successful case examples to enhance confidence in disease management. The nurse in charge introduced pre-rehabilitation strategies, including preoperative exercise training, nutritional support, psychological interventions, and guidance in stopping smoking. Other aspects of care followed the standard procedures used for the control group.

  2. Preoperative stage: In addition to general health education, personalized strategies were tailored to individual’s knowledge level, psychological state, and preferred learning methods. Through direct communication, healthcare providers identified specific health education needs, provided timely guidance, and helped alleviated anxiety. Family members were encouraged to participate in the patient journey mapping process to offer emotional support. Both patients and their families were informed in advance about postoperative recovery strategies and rehabilitation plans.

  3. Postoperative stage: Building upon general health education, semi-structured interviews revealed that individuals often experienced stigma related to dependency and uncertainty about safe movement, fearing ostomy bag leakage and imposing additional burden on healthcare providers and family members. To address these concerns, healthcare professionals provided timely explanations of the surgical procedure and ostomy bag replacement techniques while guiding individuals on proper movement techniques. Early mobilization was encouraged to facilitate bowel function recovery. The initial change in bowel function was often distressing; therefore, individuals were instructed to use a small mirror to observe the stoma’s position, shape, and color, gradually fostering acceptance. Additionally, individuals were informed that the stoma closure would typically occur within 3–6 months and that the situation was temporary, which helped enhance motivation for postoperative recovery.

  4. Pre-discharge stage: Self-care ability was assessed to ensure that individuals could perform ostomy care independently or with minimal assistance. Pre-discharge interviews indicated that many individuals expressed concerns about managing complications at home and the lack of access to professional ostomy care compared to the hospital setting. To address these concerns, detailed discharge instructions were provided, covering diet, daily activities, social interactions, and exercise rehabilitation. Individuals were informed about potential post-discharge complications, provided with the department’s contact information, and instructed to seek medical guidance if needed. Regular follow-up appointments were scheduled.

  5. Rehabilitation period and preparation for ostomy closure: Regular follow-ups were conducted at one week, one month, and three months, supplemented by ongoing home-based guidance. Interviews during this phase revealed a strong desire for ostomy closure and high expectations for the procedure. Any peristomal skin complications that could affect closure were promptly addressed. Dietary guidance was provided to encourage a light, easily digestible diet while maintaining stable ostomy function and ensuring adequate nutritional support. Additionally, pelvic floor muscle exercises were recommended to improve anal sphincter contractility in preparation for normal bowel function following the second surgical procedure. The closure procedure and its preparatory steps were explained to individuals, enhancing their engagement in the recovery process.

Evaluation indicators

Nursing satisfaction

The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered to evaluate satisfaction levels. The questionnaire assessed six dimensions: the professional and technical competence of medical staff, the service attitude of medical staff, the method of health education delivery, the continuity of health education, and the attention given to individuals’ psychological needs. A Likert scale was utilized for scoring (1–5, where 1 represents “dissatisfied” and 5 represents “very satisfied”). The specific scoring criteria were as follows: 1 point indicated dissatisfied, 2–3 points indicated slightly satisfied, 3–4 points indicated moderately satisfied, and > 4 points indicated very satisfied.

Health knowledge awareness

Health knowledge awareness was assessed using a department-developed questionnaire covering five dimensions: stoma types and functions, identification and management of complications, preparation and procedures for ostomy material replacement, perioperative pre-rehabilitation exercise training, and dietary requirements. The questionnaire had a total score of 100 points, with≥90 points indicating mastery, ≥ 60 points indicating basic mastery, and < 60 points indicating a lack of mastery. It evaluated individuals’ understanding of the disease, essential pre- and postoperative knowledge, and enterostomy-related information. Higher scores reflected a greater awareness of relevant health knowledge.

Stoma self-care ability

The self-care ability of individuals before and after the nursing intervention was assessed using the Exercise of Self-Care Agency (ESCA) Scale. This scale consisted of 43 items divided into four dimensions: self-care skills, self-care responsibility, self-care perception, and health knowledge level. Each item was rated using a 5-point Likert scale, with 32 items scored positively and 11 items scored in reverse. The total score was 172 points, with higher scores indicating greater self-care ability. The scale demonstrated good reliability in our study sample. The internal consistency coefficients for the four dimensions were as follows: Self-Concept 0.81, Self-Care Skills 0.83, Self-Care Responsibility 0.84, and Health Knowledge Level 0.79. To further verify reliability, we also calculated the more robust McDonald’s ω coefficients: Self-Concept 0.82, Self-Care Skills 0.84, Self-Care Responsibility 0.83, and Health Knowledge Level 0.82. All coefficients exceeded 0.70, indicating that the scale has reliable internal consistency in our study population.

Incidence of ostomy complications

The incidence of stoma-related complications, including ischemia of the stoma mucosa, stoma stenosis, ostomy bag leakage, and peristomal moisture-associated dermatitis, was compared between the two groups from the time of surgery to ostomy closure.

Data collection methods

Specialist nurses were responsible for data collection, which included general patient information, the satisfaction questionnaire, the health knowledge questionnaire, the self-care ability scale, and the ostomy and peristomal skin complication questionnaire. Data were gathered through one-on-one interactions in person, via WeChat, telephone, and ostomy follow-up platforms at multiple time points: one day before surgery, three days after surgery, at discharge, and post-discharge (at one week, one month, and three months). The purpose, content, and time required for each questionnaire were explained in advance to ensure that individuals understood the objective and provided informed cooperation. If a participant did not complete the questionnaire on the scheduled day, a specialist nurse followed up by telephone the next day to determine the reason and document any loss to follow-up. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with participants in the experimental group via face-to-face, WeChat, or telephone interactions. Data from each follow-up were compiled by specialist nurses and provided to ostomy therapists for statistical analysis. All participants were followed up as scheduled before undergoing ostomy closure surgery.

Statistical methods

SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The t-test and chi-square test were employed, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. For complication rates, the Fisher exact probability method was applied.

Several measures were used to minimize temporal risk. We ensured that participant recruitment across different groups occurred within a relatively concentrated time frame to reduce the impact of long-term temporal variations. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive baseline assessment and matched groups as closely as possible on key demographic and clinical variables to account for potential time-related differences in participant characteristics.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Bethune Hospital. This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Results

Nursing satisfaction

Six aspects were evaluated in the survey: the professional and technical level of medical staff, the service attitude of medical staff, the method of providing health education, the continuity of health education, the effectiveness of health education, and the attention given to the psychological needs of individuals receiving care. The findings indicated that the proportion of individuals reporting moderate to high satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) (Table 2).

Table 2:

Comparison of nursing satisfaction scores.

Satisfaction levels Control group, n=33 Experimental group, n=33 Z p-Value
Dissatisfied 16 (48.48) 9 (27.27) −2.307 0.021
Slightly satisfied 8 (24.24) 5 (15.15)
Moderately satisfied 6 (18.18) 12 (36.36)
Very satisfied 3 (9.09) 7 (21.21)

Health knowledge awareness

Health knowledge awareness was evaluated across five dimensions: type and function of the stoma, identification and management of complications, preparation and procedures for ostomy material replacement, perioperative pre-rehabilitation exercise training, and dietary requirements. The results indicated that the health knowledge awareness score in the control group was 7.82 ± 2.64 before the intervention and 11.33 ± 2.29 after the intervention, whereas the experimental group had a score of 7.58 ± 2.41 before the intervention and 13.61 ± 2.69 after the intervention. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001) (Table 3).

Table 3:

Comparison of health knowledge awareness scores.

Items Control group, n=33 Experimental group, n=33 Z p-Value
Type and function of the stoma Mastery 3 (9.09) 5 (15.15) −2.289 0.022
Basic mastery 8 (24.24) 16 (48.48)
Not mastery 22 (66.67) 12 (36.36)
Identification and treatment of complications Mastery 2 (6.06) 6 (18.18) −2.095 0.036
Basic mastery 9 (27.27) 13 (39.39)
Not mastery 22 (66.67) 14 (42.42)
Preparation and process of replacing the ostomy materials Mastery 1 (3.03) 3 (9.09) −2.966 0.003
Basic mastery 6 (18.18) 16 (48.48)
Not mastery 26 (78.79) 14 (42.42)
Perioperative pre-rehabilitation exercise training Mastery 1 (3.03) 6 (18.18) −2.009 0.045
Basic mastery 9 (27.27) 11 (33.33)
Not mastery 23 (69.70) 16 (48.48)
Dietary requirements Mastery 2 (6.06) 9 (27.27) −2.41 0.016
Basic mastery 12 (36.36) 13 (39.39)
Not mastery 19 (57.58) 11 (33.33)

Stoma self-care ability

The self-care ability of the two groups before and after the nursing intervention was evaluated using the ESCA Scale. The assessment included four dimensions: health knowledge level, self-care perception, self-care responsibility, and self-care skills. The results indicated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores across all four dimensions compared to the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) (Table 4).

Table 4:

Comparison of self-care ability scores.

Items Control group, n=33 Experimental group, n=33 tbetween-group p-Valuebetween-group
Health knowledge level Before intervention 17.21 ± 3.40 17.79 ± 3.62 −0.666 0.508
After intervention 19.33 ± 2.47 21.61 ± 2.30 −3.865 <0.001
tin-group −0.754 −4.790
pin-group 0.003 <0.001
Self-care concept Before intervention 9.52 ± 2.08 9.48 ± 2.18 0.058 0.954
After intervention 11.76 ± 2.85 13.52 ± 2.59 −2.623 0.011
tin-group −3.917 −6.294
pin-group <0.001 <0.001
Self-care responsibility Before intervention 20.39 ± 3.44 20.70 ± 3.63 −0.348 0.729
After intervention 23.24 ± 2.85 25.91 ± 2.99 −3.706 <0.001
tin-group −3.560 −7.024
pin-group 0.001 <0.001
Self-care skills Before intervention 38.70 ± 3.99 39.21 ± 3.81 −0.536 0.594
After intervention 41.97 ± 2.82 43.76 ± 2.57 −2.688 0.009
tin-group −3.856 −5.350
pin-group <0.001 <0.001

Complication rate

A comparison of peristomal complications between the two groups from surgery to ostomy closure indicated that the p-value for stoma stenosis and ostomy bag leakage was 1, indicating no significant difference between the two groups. This finding may be attributed to the type of surgical procedure performed and the extent of preoperative preparation. However, the total incidence of ostomy-related complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) (Table 5).

Table 5:

Comparison of ostomy-related complication rates.

Complications Control group, n=33 Experimental group, n=33 χ2 p-Value
Ischemia of the stoma mucosa 5 (15.15) 2 (6.06) 0.639 0.424a
Stoma stenosis 4 (12.12) 3 (9.09) 0 1.000a
Ostomy bag leakage 4 (12.12) 3 (9.09) 0 1.000a
Peristomal moisture-associated dermatitis 8 (24.24) 3 (9.09) 2.727 0.099
Total ostomy complications 21 (63.64) 11 (33.33) 6.066 0.014

  1. aFisher’s exact probability method is used.

Discussion

Advantages of implementing patient journey mapping in the health education pathway for individuals with temporary enterostomy

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reports approximately 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer annually, accounting for 10 % of all newly diagnosed cancers worldwide [7]. A temporary enterostomy is a critical intervention in the surgical treatment of intestinal diseases, particularly colorectal cancer. Although ostomy care education is primarily delivered in hospital settings, patients often lack direct professional support after discharge, and the knowledge and skills acquired during hospitalization require ongoing reinforcement. Insufficient proficiency in ostomy self-care may lead to a higher incidence of complications and may negatively affect the feasibility of timely ostomy closure. The implementation of a health education pathway guided by patient journey mapping allows healthcare professionals to assess the experiences of individuals with a temporary enterostomy from multiple perspectives. This approach facilitates the identification of key transitional stages, evolving needs, and challenges throughout the disease course, thereby providing a foundation for targeted interventions [8].

Impact on the incidence of complications

Advancements in medical technology and an increased emphasis on quality of life have resulted in a growing preference for anus-preserving procedures among individuals undergoing rectal cancer surgery. Prophylactic temporary enterostomy reduces the incidence of postoperative anastomotic leaks in individuals with colorectal cancer. However, approximately 50 % of individuals with a temporary enterostomy experience stoma-related complications, which differ from those associated with permanent ostomies [9]. During hospitalization, ostomy-related knowledge is primarily acquired through direct education from healthcare professionals. Upon discharge, however, the lack of continuous professional guidance increases the risk of peristomal complications. Traditional health education approaches often fail to address post-discharge challenges effectively, highlighting the need for a more structured and comprehensive educational framework. The health education pathway guided by patient journey mapping enables the timely identification of challenges faced during home-based care, allowing for targeted interventions through communication platforms such as WeChat groups and video consultations [10].

Findings from the present study indicate that the implementation of this educational approach was associated with a reduction in the incidence of mucosal bleeding and peristomal moisture-associated dermatitis. However, no significant improvement was observed in the occurrence of stoma stenosis or ostomy bag leakage. This may be attributable to factors such as surgical technique and preoperative stoma site marking. These findings indicate the need for further investigation into optimizing preoperative planning and post-discharge support strategies.

Effect on health knowledge awareness and self-care ability

Patient journey mapping, as described by Barton et al., is a tool that captures an individual’s interactions with healthcare professionals at different stages of a disease or therapeutic approach [11]. With the increasing emphasis on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), hospital stays for individuals with an ostomy have shortened. Consequently, the opportunities for individuals and their caregivers to receive comprehensive training and guidance have become more limited. Insufficient exposure to ostomy care education during hospitalization often results in inadequate self-care proficiency upon discharge, contributing to gaps in health knowledge and self-management skills [12].

The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of a structured health education pathway under patient journey mapping significantly improved health knowledge awareness and self-care ability among individuals with a temporary enterostomy. The effectiveness of this approach may be attributed to its ability to systematically identify the evolving physiological and psychological needs of individuals throughout the disease course. By providing individualized and targeted health education interventions, this approach ensures that individuals receive the necessary support to develop confidence and competence in self-care.

Effect on satisfaction at discharge

In the context of the high-quality development of public healthcare institutions, patient satisfaction has become a critical metric for evaluating the effectiveness of medical services. A patient-centered approach has increasingly been recognized as the cornerstone of healthcare delivery, emphasizing the importance of enhancing the overall patient experience [13]. Improving nursing services and optimizing patient experience will continue to be central to the advancement of hospital-based healthcare systems in China in the coming years. Patient journey mapping facilitates improves communication between individuals and healthcare professionals, promotes patient-centered care, and enables the systematic assessment of experiences within complex and dynamic healthcare settings [14].

The findings of this study indicate that the integration of patient journey mapping into health education pathways effectively captures and adapts to the evolving needs of individuals with a temporary enterostomy. By providing structured educational interventions, this approach enhances health knowledge awareness, improves self-care ability, reduces the incidence of complications, and ensures timely ostomy closure. Consequently, this comprehensive approach contributes to increased patient satisfaction and an improved overall healthcare experience.

This study has several limitations. First, data collection was limited to a single source, and both data acquisition and follow-up were retrospective in nature, which may have introduced bias. Second, the sample size was relatively small, the study duration was short, and the coverage was not comprehensive. In addition, this study relied on patient self-reported data. While validated instruments were employed, self-reports are susceptible to recall bias and response bias. Also, as this study was non-blinded, patients’ subjective perceptions may have influenced their responses, potentially introducing bias into the results. Therefore, further research is needed to explore patient-specific characteristics, nurses’ acceptance of care strategies, and the impact on the overall quality of patient care.

Conclusions

In summary, the implementation of a health education pathway for individuals with temporary enterostomy, guided by patient journey mapping, demonstrates that this systematic and continuous educational approach can significantly enhance self-care ability and quality of life, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve nursing satisfaction. However, despite its advantages, this study has certain limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small, and stratified education based on varying educational levels was not incorporated. Second, the extended time span of the survey may have introduced recall bias or experience dilution, as participants were asked to reflect on past experiences. Additionally, the post-ostomy closure phase was not included in this study. These findings highlight the need for further research incorporating multifaceted and targeted investigations to develop more precise and comprehensive patient-centered strategies.

Corresponding author: Su-Qing Chen, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.99 of Longcheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi Province, China, E-mail:

  1. Funding information: The funding of this study’s name is The patient’s journey map leads the optimization and practical research of the whole-process nursing intervention system for patients with lower enterostom (Grant Number: 2024YH06). The funding body had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

  2. Author contribution: Sha-Sha Qin: Data curation, Writing – original draft. Yan-Hua Liu: Formal Analysis, Software. Su-Qing Chen: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

  4. Data Availability Statement: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Received: 2025-06-30
Accepted: 2025-09-29
Published Online: 2025-12-17

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Network pharmacological analysis and in vitro testing of the rutin effects on triple-negative breast cancer
  3. Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study
  4. Knockdown of CCNB1 alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast dysfunction during gestational diabetes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  5. Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients
  6. Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with Fonsecaea monophora based on single-cell sequencing
  7. Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor
  8. CMSP exerts anti-tumor effects on small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis
  9. Predictive value of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 in pediatric refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
  10. Antiangiogenic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata extracts and molecular docking study by targeting VEGFR-2 pathway
  11. Comparison of the effectiveness of nurse-led preoperative counseling and postoperative follow-up care vs standard care for patients with gastric cancer
  12. Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis
  13. Adhered macrophages as an additional marker of cardiomyocyte injury in biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
  14. Association between statin administration and outcome in patients with sepsis: A retrospective study
  15. Exploration of the association between estimated glucose disposal rate and osteoarthritis in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018
  16. A comparative analysis of the binary and multiclass classified chest X-ray images of pneumonia and COVID-19 with ML and DL models
  17. Lysophosphatidic acid 2 alleviates deep vein thrombosis via protective endothelial barrier function
  18. Transcription factor A, mitochondrial promotes lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma
  19. Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
  20. Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study
  21. Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome
  22. The first-line antihypertensive nitrendipine potentiated the therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin by downregulating CACNA1D in colorectal cancer
  23. Health literacy and health-related quality of life: The mediating role of irrational happiness
  24. Modulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on bone cell dynamics in osteoporosis
  25. Mechanism research on inhibition of gastric cancer in vitro by the extract of Pinellia ternata based on network pharmacology and cellular metabolomics
  26. Examination of the causal role of immune cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  27. Clinical analysis of ten cases of HIV infection combined with acute leukemia
  28. Investigating the cardioprotective potential of quercetin against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: A mechanistic insights
  29. Clinical observation of probiotics combined with mesalazine and Yiyi Baitouweng Decoction retention enema in treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
  30. Diagnostic value of ratio of blood inflammation to coagulation markers in periprosthetic joint infection
  31. Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
  32. Core muscle strength and stability-oriented breathing training reduces inter-recti distance in postpartum women
  33. The ERAS nursing care strategy for patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection: A randomized blinded controlled trial
  34. The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis
  35. Impact of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based nursing on caregiver burden and psychological state of caregivers of dementia patients
  36. Analysis of serum NLR combined with intraoperative margin condition to predict the prognosis of cervical HSIL patients undergoing LEEP surgery
  37. Commiphora gileadensis ameliorate infertility and erectile dysfunction in diabetic male mice
  38. The correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition classification and MMP2 expression of circulating tumor cells and prognosis of advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  39. Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis in vitro by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway
  40. A cross-sectional study: Relationship between serum oxidative stress levels and arteriovenous fistula maturation in maintenance dialysis patients
  41. A comparative analysis of the impact of repeated administration of flavan 3-ol on brown, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue
  42. Identifying early screening factors for depression in middle-aged and older adults: A cohort study
  43. Perform tumor-specific survival analysis for Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection based on the SEER database by constructing a nomogram chart
  44. Unveiling the role of CXCL10 in pancreatic cancer progression: A novel prognostic indicator
  45. High-dose preoperative intraperitoneal erythropoietin and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries following decompression surgeries
  46. RAB39B: A novel biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia identified via multi-omics and functional validation
  47. Impact of peripheral conditioning on reperfusion injury following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic STEMI patients
  48. Clinical efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of middle- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly patients: A retrospective study
  49. The effect of ambulatory blood pressure load on mitral regurgitation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
  50. Expression and clinical significance of ITGA3 in breast cancer
  51. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals ARHGAP28 expression of podocytes as a biomarker in human diabetic nephropathy
  52. rSIG combined with NLR in the prognostic assessment of patients with multiple injuries
  53. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake
  54. Exploring causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and marginal zone lymphoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  55. Gender beliefs and legitimization of dating violence in adolescents
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  57. Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
  58. Pathogen surveillance and risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective single-center study
  59. Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
  60. Celastrol suppresses neovascularization in rat aortic vascular endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory tenocytes via modulating the NLRP3 pathway
  61. Cord-lamina angle and foraminal diameter as key predictors of C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery
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  67. Four-week IgE/baseline IgE ratio combined with tryptase predicts clinical outcome in omalizumab-treated children with moderate-to-severe asthma
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  71. Interleukin-37 mediates the anti-oral tumor activity in oral cancer through STAT3
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  74. Comprehensive biomedicine assessment of Apteranthes tuberculata extracts: Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted pharmacological evaluation in animal models
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  76. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina
  77. Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture
  78. Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
  79. Mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  80. The law on oncological oblivion in the Italian and European context: How to best uphold the cancer patients’ rights to privacy and self-determination?
  81. The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prognostic nutritional index for survival in patients with colorectal cancer
  82. Factors affecting the measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation values in healthy young adults
  83. Comparison and correlations between findings of hysteroscopy and vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography for detection of uterine abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure
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  86. Correlations of health literacy with individuals’ understanding and use of medications in Southern Taiwan
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  94. Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure
  95. Diagnostic value of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
  96. Pachymaran alleviates fat accumulation, hepatocyte degeneration, and injury in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  97. Decrease in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are predictors of severe clinical picture and unfavorable outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19
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  103. Uterine fibroid embolization: An analysis of clinical outcomes and impact on patients’ quality of life
  104. Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
  105. Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer
  106. Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound–MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block
  107. Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway
  108. Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation
  109. Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  110. Cell-free adipose extract inhibits hypertrophic scar formation through collagen remodeling and antiangiogenesis
  111. HALP score in Demodex blepharitis: A case–control study
  112. Assessment of SOX2 performance as a marker for circulating cancer stem-like cells (CCSCs) identification in advanced breast cancer patients using CytoTrack system
  113. Risk and prognosis for brain metastasis in primary metastatic cervical cancer patients: A population-based study
  114. Comparison of the two intestinal anastomosis methods in pediatric patients
  115. Factors influencing hematological toxicity and adverse effects of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  116. Endotoxin tolerance inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of septic mice by restoring autophagic flux through TRIM26
  117. Lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A single-centre experience of 21 procedures
  118. Petunidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal microglia inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy by targeting OGT/NF-κB/LCN2 axis
  119. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute cholecystitis
  120. Factors determining the number of sessions in successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients
  121. Development of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with renal pelvic cancer following surgery
  122. Inhibition of ATG7 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by regulating the RANKL/OPG ratio under compression force
  123. A machine learning-based prognostic model integrating mRNA stemness index, hypoxia, and glycolysis‑related biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  124. Glutathione attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via dual modulation of NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathways
  125. FAHD1 prevents neuronal ferroptosis by modulating R-loop and the cGAS–STING pathway
  126. Association of placenta weight and morphology with term low birth weight: A case–control study
  127. Investigation of the pathogenic variants induced Sjogren’s syndrome in Turkish population
  128. Nucleotide metabolic abnormalities in post-COVID-19 condition and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their association with endocrine dysfunction
  129. TGF-β–Smad2/3 signaling in high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in rats: Role and mechanisms via macrophage M2 polarization
  130. Ultrasound-guided unilateral versus bilateral erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
  131. Profiling gut microbiome dynamics in subacute thyroiditis: Implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
  132. Delta neutrophil index, CRP/albumin ratio, procalcitonin, immature granulocytes, and HALP score in acute appendicitis: Best performing biomarker?
  133. Anticancer activity mechanism of novelly synthesized and characterized benzofuran ring-linked 3-nitrophenyl chalcone derivative on colon cancer cells
  134. H2valdien3 arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer
  135. Prognostic relevance of PRSS2 and its immune correlates in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  136. Association of SGLT2 inhibition with psychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization study
  137. Motivational interviewing for alcohol use reduction in Thai patients
  138. Luteolin alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuron injury by regulating NLRP3/IL-1β signaling
  139. Polyphyllin II inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth by simultaneously inhibiting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
  140. Relationship between the expression of copper death promoting factor SLC31A1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and clinicopathological indicators and prognosis
  141. CSF2 polarized neutrophils and invaded renal cancer cells in vitro influence
  142. Proton pump inhibitors-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic literature analysis of case reports
  143. The current status and influence factors of research ability among community nurses: A sequential qualitative–quantitative study
  144. OKAIN: A comprehensive oncology knowledge base for the interpretation of clinically actionable alterations
  145. The relationship between serum CA50, CA242, and SAA levels and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer
  146. Identification and external validation of a prognostic signature based on hypoxia–glycolysis-related genes for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
  147. Engineered RBC-derived nanovesicles functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands: A comparative study on breast cancer targeting efficiency and biocompatibility
  148. Relationship of resting echocardiography combined with serum micronutrients to the severity of low-gradient severe aortic stenosis
  149. Effect of vibration on pain during subcutaneous heparin injection: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  150. The diagnostic performance of machine learning-based FFRCT for coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis
  151. Comparing biofeedback device vs diaphragmatic breathing for bloating relief: A randomized controlled trial
  152. Serum uric acid to albumin ratio and C-reactive protein as predictive biomarkers for chronic total occlusion and coronary collateral circulation quality
  153. Multiple organ scoring systems for predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients in the intensive care unit
  154. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis of the inner ear in gentamicin-treated mice via intraperitoneal injection
  155. Suppression of cathepsin B attenuates myocardial injury via limiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis
  156. Influence of sevoflurane combined with propofol anesthesia on the anesthesia effect and adverse reactions in children with acute appendicitis
  157. Identification of hub genes related to acute kidney injury caused by sevoflurane anesthesia and endoplasmic reticulum stress
  158. 10.1515/med-2025-1313
  159. 10.1515/med-2025-1316
  160. Health education pathway for individuals with temporary enterostomies using patient journey mapping
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  162. 10.1515/med-2025-1324
  163. 10.1515/med-2025-1325
  164. 10.1515/med-2025-1327
  165. 10.1515/med-2025-1331
  166. Effect of timing of cholecystectomy on weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese individuals with cholelithiasis: a retrospective cohort study
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  170. Multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry
  171. Rapid pathogen identification in peritoneal dialysis effluent by MALDI-TOF MS following blood culture enrichment
  172. Comparison of open and percutaneous A1 pulley release in pediatric trigger thumb: a retrospective cohort study
  173. Review Articles
  174. The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review
  175. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
  176. Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
  177. Review of mechanisms and frontier applications in IL-17A-induced hypertension
  178. Research progress on the correlation between islet amyloid peptides and type 2 diabetes mellitus
  179. The safety and efficacy of BCG combined with mitomycin C compared with BCG monotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  180. The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review
  181. The effect of Greek mountain tea extract and wheat germ extract on peripheral blood flow and eicosanoid metabolism in mammals
  182. Neurogasobiology of migraine: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as emerging pathophysiological trinacrium relevant to nociception regulation
  183. Plant polyphenols, terpenes, and terpenoids in oral health
  184. Laboratory medicine between technological innovation, rights safeguarding, and patient safety: A bioethical perspective
  185. End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe
  186. The maternal factors during pregnancy for intrauterine growth retardation: An umbrella review
  187. Intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome of pediatric patients in critical care settings
  188. PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  189. Screening of Group B Streptococcus in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection
  190. Giant borderline ovarian tumours – review of the literature
  191. Leveraging artificial intelligence for collaborative care planning: Innovations and impacts in shared decision-making – A systematic review
  192. Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic
  193. Risk factors of frailty/sarcopenia in community older adults: Meta-analysis
  194. Supplement strategies for infertility in overweight women: Evidence and legal insights
  195. Scurvy, a not obsolete disorder: Clinical report in eight young children and literature review
  196. A meta-analysis of the effects of DBS on cognitive function in patients with advanced PD
  197. Protective role of selenium in sepsis: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies
  198. Strategies for hyperkalemia management in dialysis patients: A systematic review
  199. C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in peripheral artery disease
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  207. Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
  208. Diverse electrophysiological demyelinating features in a late-onset glycogen storage disease type IIIa case
  209. Giant right atrial hemangioma presenting with ascites: A case report
  210. Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report
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  212. Molecular hydrogen-rhodiola as an adjuvant therapy for ischemic stroke in internal carotid artery occlusion: A case report
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  216. Rapid Communication
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  218. A single oral administration of flavanols enhances short-term memory in mice along with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  219. Letter to the Editor
  220. Role of enhanced external counterpulsation in long COVID
  221. Expression of Concern
  222. Expression of concern “A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma”
  223. Expression of concern “Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway”
  224. Expression of concern “circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8”
  225. Corrigendum
  226. Corrigendum to “Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism”
  227. Corrigendum to “Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis”
  228. Corrigendum to “The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges”
  229. Retraction
  230. Retraction of “miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway”
  231. Retraction of: “LncRNA CASC15 inhibition relieves renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through downregulating SP-A by sponging to miR-424”
  232. Retraction of: “SCARA5 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma via inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways”
  233. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part II
  234. Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
  235. Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells
  236. The era of increasing cancer survivorship: Trends in fertility preservation, medico-legal implications, and ethical challenges
  237. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ
  238. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
  239. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part IV
  240. Exploration of mRNA-modifying METTL3 oncogene as momentous prognostic biomarker responsible for colorectal cancer development
  241. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part III
  242. Interaction and verification of ferroptosis-related RNAs Rela and Stat3 in promoting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
  243. The mRNA MOXD1: Link to oxidative stress and prognostic significance in gastric cancer
  244. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part II
  245. Dynamic changes in lactate-related genes in microglia and their role in immune cell interactions after ischemic stroke
  246. A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing’s sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis
  247. Red cell distribution width predicts early kidney injury: A NHANES cross-sectional study
  248. Special Issue Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiology, complications & treatment
  249. Nutritional risk assessment and nutritional support in children with congenital diabetes during surgery
  250. Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang
  251. A discussion on the application of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography in the research of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
  252. A review of brain research on T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction
  253. Metformin and estrogen modulation in LABC with T2DM: A 36-month randomized trial
  254. Special Issue Innovative Biomarker Discovery and Precision Medicine in Cancer Diagnostics
  255. CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2025-1317
Keywords for this article
health education; patient journey mapping; satisfaction; self-care ability; temporary enterostomy
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Network pharmacological analysis and in vitro testing of the rutin effects on triple-negative breast cancer
  3. Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study
  4. Knockdown of CCNB1 alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast dysfunction during gestational diabetes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  5. Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients
  6. Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with Fonsecaea monophora based on single-cell sequencing
  7. Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor
  8. CMSP exerts anti-tumor effects on small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis
  9. Predictive value of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 in pediatric refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
  10. Antiangiogenic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata extracts and molecular docking study by targeting VEGFR-2 pathway
  11. Comparison of the effectiveness of nurse-led preoperative counseling and postoperative follow-up care vs standard care for patients with gastric cancer
  12. Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis
  13. Adhered macrophages as an additional marker of cardiomyocyte injury in biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
  14. Association between statin administration and outcome in patients with sepsis: A retrospective study
  15. Exploration of the association between estimated glucose disposal rate and osteoarthritis in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018
  16. A comparative analysis of the binary and multiclass classified chest X-ray images of pneumonia and COVID-19 with ML and DL models
  17. Lysophosphatidic acid 2 alleviates deep vein thrombosis via protective endothelial barrier function
  18. Transcription factor A, mitochondrial promotes lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma
  19. Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
  20. Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study
  21. Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome
  22. The first-line antihypertensive nitrendipine potentiated the therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin by downregulating CACNA1D in colorectal cancer
  23. Health literacy and health-related quality of life: The mediating role of irrational happiness
  24. Modulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on bone cell dynamics in osteoporosis
  25. Mechanism research on inhibition of gastric cancer in vitro by the extract of Pinellia ternata based on network pharmacology and cellular metabolomics
  26. Examination of the causal role of immune cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  27. Clinical analysis of ten cases of HIV infection combined with acute leukemia
  28. Investigating the cardioprotective potential of quercetin against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: A mechanistic insights
  29. Clinical observation of probiotics combined with mesalazine and Yiyi Baitouweng Decoction retention enema in treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
  30. Diagnostic value of ratio of blood inflammation to coagulation markers in periprosthetic joint infection
  31. Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
  32. Core muscle strength and stability-oriented breathing training reduces inter-recti distance in postpartum women
  33. The ERAS nursing care strategy for patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection: A randomized blinded controlled trial
  34. The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis
  35. Impact of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based nursing on caregiver burden and psychological state of caregivers of dementia patients
  36. Analysis of serum NLR combined with intraoperative margin condition to predict the prognosis of cervical HSIL patients undergoing LEEP surgery
  37. Commiphora gileadensis ameliorate infertility and erectile dysfunction in diabetic male mice
  38. The correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition classification and MMP2 expression of circulating tumor cells and prognosis of advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  39. Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis in vitro by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway
  40. A cross-sectional study: Relationship between serum oxidative stress levels and arteriovenous fistula maturation in maintenance dialysis patients
  41. A comparative analysis of the impact of repeated administration of flavan 3-ol on brown, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue
  42. Identifying early screening factors for depression in middle-aged and older adults: A cohort study
  43. Perform tumor-specific survival analysis for Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection based on the SEER database by constructing a nomogram chart
  44. Unveiling the role of CXCL10 in pancreatic cancer progression: A novel prognostic indicator
  45. High-dose preoperative intraperitoneal erythropoietin and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries following decompression surgeries
  46. RAB39B: A novel biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia identified via multi-omics and functional validation
  47. Impact of peripheral conditioning on reperfusion injury following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic STEMI patients
  48. Clinical efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of middle- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly patients: A retrospective study
  49. The effect of ambulatory blood pressure load on mitral regurgitation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
  50. Expression and clinical significance of ITGA3 in breast cancer
  51. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals ARHGAP28 expression of podocytes as a biomarker in human diabetic nephropathy
  52. rSIG combined with NLR in the prognostic assessment of patients with multiple injuries
  53. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake
  54. Exploring causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and marginal zone lymphoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  55. Gender beliefs and legitimization of dating violence in adolescents
  56. Effect of serum IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 levels on the efficacy of modified preperitoneal Kugel repair in patients with inguinal hernia
  57. Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
  58. Pathogen surveillance and risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective single-center study
  59. Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
  60. Celastrol suppresses neovascularization in rat aortic vascular endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory tenocytes via modulating the NLRP3 pathway
  61. Cord-lamina angle and foraminal diameter as key predictors of C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery
  62. GATA1: A key biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  63. Influencing factors of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection: A single-center retrospective study
  64. MZB1 regulates the immune microenvironment and inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration
  65. Integrating experimental and network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Dioscin against glioblastoma
  66. Trends in research on preterm birth in twin pregnancy based on bibliometrics
  67. Four-week IgE/baseline IgE ratio combined with tryptase predicts clinical outcome in omalizumab-treated children with moderate-to-severe asthma
  68. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies a stress response Schwann cell subtype
  69. Acute pancreatitis risk in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease: A critical focus
  70. Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
  71. Interleukin-37 mediates the anti-oral tumor activity in oral cancer through STAT3
  72. CA199 and CEA expression levels, and minimally invasive postoperative prognosis analysis in esophageal squamous carcinoma patients
  73. Efficacy of a novel drainage catheter in the treatment of CSF leak after posterior spine surgery: A retrospective cohort study
  74. Comprehensive biomedicine assessment of Apteranthes tuberculata extracts: Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted pharmacological evaluation in animal models
  75. Relation of time in range to severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  76. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina
  77. Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture
  78. Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
  79. Mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  80. The law on oncological oblivion in the Italian and European context: How to best uphold the cancer patients’ rights to privacy and self-determination?
  81. The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prognostic nutritional index for survival in patients with colorectal cancer
  82. Factors affecting the measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation values in healthy young adults
  83. Comparison and correlations between findings of hysteroscopy and vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography for detection of uterine abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure
  84. The effects of different types of RAGT on balance function in stroke patients with low levels of independent walking in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital
  85. Causal relationship between asthma and ankylosing spondylitis: A bidirectional two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  86. Correlations of health literacy with individuals’ understanding and use of medications in Southern Taiwan
  87. Correlation of serum calprotectin with outcome of acute cerebral infarction
  88. Comparison of computed tomography and guided bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  89. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis via the regulation of DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation
  90. The identification of novel missense variant in ChAT gene in a patient with gestational diabetes denotes plausible genetic association
  91. Molecular genotyping of multi-system rare blood types in foreign blood donors based on DNA sequencing and its clinical significance
  92. Exploring the role of succinyl carnitine in the association between CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Dexmedetomidine suppresses microglial activation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the mmu-miRNA-125/TRAF6 signaling axis
  94. Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure
  95. Diagnostic value of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
  96. Pachymaran alleviates fat accumulation, hepatocyte degeneration, and injury in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  97. Decrease in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are predictors of severe clinical picture and unfavorable outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19
  98. METTL3 blocked the progression of diabetic retinopathy through m6A-modified SOX2
  99. The predictive significance of anti-RO-52 antibody in patients with interstitial pneumonia after treatment of malignant tumors
  100. Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization
  101. Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of ocular sarcoidosis based on autophagy-related gene analysis
  102. Widespread venous thrombosis: Unveiling a complex case of Behçet’s disease with a literature perspective
  103. Uterine fibroid embolization: An analysis of clinical outcomes and impact on patients’ quality of life
  104. Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
  105. Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer
  106. Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound–MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block
  107. Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway
  108. Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation
  109. Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  110. Cell-free adipose extract inhibits hypertrophic scar formation through collagen remodeling and antiangiogenesis
  111. HALP score in Demodex blepharitis: A case–control study
  112. Assessment of SOX2 performance as a marker for circulating cancer stem-like cells (CCSCs) identification in advanced breast cancer patients using CytoTrack system
  113. Risk and prognosis for brain metastasis in primary metastatic cervical cancer patients: A population-based study
  114. Comparison of the two intestinal anastomosis methods in pediatric patients
  115. Factors influencing hematological toxicity and adverse effects of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  116. Endotoxin tolerance inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of septic mice by restoring autophagic flux through TRIM26
  117. Lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A single-centre experience of 21 procedures
  118. Petunidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal microglia inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy by targeting OGT/NF-κB/LCN2 axis
  119. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute cholecystitis
  120. Factors determining the number of sessions in successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients
  121. Development of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with renal pelvic cancer following surgery
  122. Inhibition of ATG7 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by regulating the RANKL/OPG ratio under compression force
  123. A machine learning-based prognostic model integrating mRNA stemness index, hypoxia, and glycolysis‑related biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  124. Glutathione attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via dual modulation of NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathways
  125. FAHD1 prevents neuronal ferroptosis by modulating R-loop and the cGAS–STING pathway
  126. Association of placenta weight and morphology with term low birth weight: A case–control study
  127. Investigation of the pathogenic variants induced Sjogren’s syndrome in Turkish population
  128. Nucleotide metabolic abnormalities in post-COVID-19 condition and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their association with endocrine dysfunction
  129. TGF-β–Smad2/3 signaling in high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in rats: Role and mechanisms via macrophage M2 polarization
  130. Ultrasound-guided unilateral versus bilateral erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
  131. Profiling gut microbiome dynamics in subacute thyroiditis: Implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
  132. Delta neutrophil index, CRP/albumin ratio, procalcitonin, immature granulocytes, and HALP score in acute appendicitis: Best performing biomarker?
  133. Anticancer activity mechanism of novelly synthesized and characterized benzofuran ring-linked 3-nitrophenyl chalcone derivative on colon cancer cells
  134. H2valdien3 arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer
  135. Prognostic relevance of PRSS2 and its immune correlates in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  136. Association of SGLT2 inhibition with psychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization study
  137. Motivational interviewing for alcohol use reduction in Thai patients
  138. Luteolin alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuron injury by regulating NLRP3/IL-1β signaling
  139. Polyphyllin II inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth by simultaneously inhibiting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
  140. Relationship between the expression of copper death promoting factor SLC31A1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and clinicopathological indicators and prognosis
  141. CSF2 polarized neutrophils and invaded renal cancer cells in vitro influence
  142. Proton pump inhibitors-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic literature analysis of case reports
  143. The current status and influence factors of research ability among community nurses: A sequential qualitative–quantitative study
  144. OKAIN: A comprehensive oncology knowledge base for the interpretation of clinically actionable alterations
  145. The relationship between serum CA50, CA242, and SAA levels and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer
  146. Identification and external validation of a prognostic signature based on hypoxia–glycolysis-related genes for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
  147. Engineered RBC-derived nanovesicles functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands: A comparative study on breast cancer targeting efficiency and biocompatibility
  148. Relationship of resting echocardiography combined with serum micronutrients to the severity of low-gradient severe aortic stenosis
  149. Effect of vibration on pain during subcutaneous heparin injection: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  150. The diagnostic performance of machine learning-based FFRCT for coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis
  151. Comparing biofeedback device vs diaphragmatic breathing for bloating relief: A randomized controlled trial
  152. Serum uric acid to albumin ratio and C-reactive protein as predictive biomarkers for chronic total occlusion and coronary collateral circulation quality
  153. Multiple organ scoring systems for predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients in the intensive care unit
  154. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis of the inner ear in gentamicin-treated mice via intraperitoneal injection
  155. Suppression of cathepsin B attenuates myocardial injury via limiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis
  156. Influence of sevoflurane combined with propofol anesthesia on the anesthesia effect and adverse reactions in children with acute appendicitis
  157. Identification of hub genes related to acute kidney injury caused by sevoflurane anesthesia and endoplasmic reticulum stress
  158. 10.1515/med-2025-1313
  159. 10.1515/med-2025-1316
  160. Health education pathway for individuals with temporary enterostomies using patient journey mapping
  161. 10.1515/med-2025-1321
  162. 10.1515/med-2025-1324
  163. 10.1515/med-2025-1325
  164. 10.1515/med-2025-1327
  165. 10.1515/med-2025-1331
  166. Effect of timing of cholecystectomy on weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese individuals with cholelithiasis: a retrospective cohort study
  167. 10.1515/med-2025-1337
  168. 10.1515/med-2025-1347
  169. 10.1515/med-2025-1360
  170. Multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry
  171. Rapid pathogen identification in peritoneal dialysis effluent by MALDI-TOF MS following blood culture enrichment
  172. Comparison of open and percutaneous A1 pulley release in pediatric trigger thumb: a retrospective cohort study
  173. Review Articles
  174. The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review
  175. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
  176. Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
  177. Review of mechanisms and frontier applications in IL-17A-induced hypertension
  178. Research progress on the correlation between islet amyloid peptides and type 2 diabetes mellitus
  179. The safety and efficacy of BCG combined with mitomycin C compared with BCG monotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  180. The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review
  181. The effect of Greek mountain tea extract and wheat germ extract on peripheral blood flow and eicosanoid metabolism in mammals
  182. Neurogasobiology of migraine: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as emerging pathophysiological trinacrium relevant to nociception regulation
  183. Plant polyphenols, terpenes, and terpenoids in oral health
  184. Laboratory medicine between technological innovation, rights safeguarding, and patient safety: A bioethical perspective
  185. End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe
  186. The maternal factors during pregnancy for intrauterine growth retardation: An umbrella review
  187. Intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome of pediatric patients in critical care settings
  188. PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  189. Screening of Group B Streptococcus in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection
  190. Giant borderline ovarian tumours – review of the literature
  191. Leveraging artificial intelligence for collaborative care planning: Innovations and impacts in shared decision-making – A systematic review
  192. Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic
  193. Risk factors of frailty/sarcopenia in community older adults: Meta-analysis
  194. Supplement strategies for infertility in overweight women: Evidence and legal insights
  195. Scurvy, a not obsolete disorder: Clinical report in eight young children and literature review
  196. A meta-analysis of the effects of DBS on cognitive function in patients with advanced PD
  197. Protective role of selenium in sepsis: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies
  198. Strategies for hyperkalemia management in dialysis patients: A systematic review
  199. C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in peripheral artery disease
  200. 10.1515/med-2025-1251
  201. 10.1515/med-2025-1330
  202. 10.1515/med-2025-1332
  203. Antibiotic prescribing patterns in general dental practice- a scoping review
  204. Clinical and medico-legal reflections on non-invasive prenatal testing
  205. Case Reports
  206. Delayed graft function after renal transplantation
  207. Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
  208. Diverse electrophysiological demyelinating features in a late-onset glycogen storage disease type IIIa case
  209. Giant right atrial hemangioma presenting with ascites: A case report
  210. Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report
  211. EsoFLIP-assisted dilation for dysphagia in systemic sclerosis: Highlighting the role of multimodal esophageal evaluation
  212. Molecular hydrogen-rhodiola as an adjuvant therapy for ischemic stroke in internal carotid artery occlusion: A case report
  213. Coronary artery anomalies: A case of the “malignant” left coronary artery and its surgical management
  214. Combined VAT and retroperitoneoscopy for pleural empyema due to nephro-pleuric fistula in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
  215. 10.1515/med-2025-1362
  216. Rapid Communication
  217. Biological properties of valve materials using RGD and EC
  218. A single oral administration of flavanols enhances short-term memory in mice along with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  219. Letter to the Editor
  220. Role of enhanced external counterpulsation in long COVID
  221. Expression of Concern
  222. Expression of concern “A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma”
  223. Expression of concern “Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway”
  224. Expression of concern “circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8”
  225. Corrigendum
  226. Corrigendum to “Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism”
  227. Corrigendum to “Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis”
  228. Corrigendum to “The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges”
  229. Retraction
  230. Retraction of “miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway”
  231. Retraction of: “LncRNA CASC15 inhibition relieves renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through downregulating SP-A by sponging to miR-424”
  232. Retraction of: “SCARA5 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma via inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways”
  233. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part II
  234. Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
  235. Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells
  236. The era of increasing cancer survivorship: Trends in fertility preservation, medico-legal implications, and ethical challenges
  237. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ
  238. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
  239. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part IV
  240. Exploration of mRNA-modifying METTL3 oncogene as momentous prognostic biomarker responsible for colorectal cancer development
  241. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part III
  242. Interaction and verification of ferroptosis-related RNAs Rela and Stat3 in promoting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
  243. The mRNA MOXD1: Link to oxidative stress and prognostic significance in gastric cancer
  244. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part II
  245. Dynamic changes in lactate-related genes in microglia and their role in immune cell interactions after ischemic stroke
  246. A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing’s sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis
  247. Red cell distribution width predicts early kidney injury: A NHANES cross-sectional study
  248. Special Issue Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiology, complications & treatment
  249. Nutritional risk assessment and nutritional support in children with congenital diabetes during surgery
  250. Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang
  251. A discussion on the application of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography in the research of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
  252. A review of brain research on T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction
  253. Metformin and estrogen modulation in LABC with T2DM: A 36-month randomized trial
  254. Special Issue Innovative Biomarker Discovery and Precision Medicine in Cancer Diagnostics
  255. CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms
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