Startseite Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
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Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients

  • Kadir Ilkkilic , Dilek Karadogan , Tahsin Gökhan Telatar , Osman Cure und Aleksandra Klisic EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 29. April 2025
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Open Medicine
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Medicine Band 20 Heft 1

Abstract

Background

The number of studies on the effect of smoking cessation interventions in polycythemic patients is limited. Our aim was to examine the effects of quitting smoking on hematological parameters in patients with polycythemia and to evaluate the outcomes of smoking cessation interventions in polycythemic patients.

Methods

The prospective study was conducted in the hematology outpatient clinic between November 2022 and May 2023. Patients with polycythemia were grouped according to their smoking status. Smoking cessation interventions were applied to current smokers. Blood parameters were compared according to smoking status at the baseline and third month follow up.

Results

At first presentation, 65.4% (N = 93) of 142 patients were current smokers and 34.5% (N = 49) were non-smokers. Fifty-one percent (N = 47) of active smokers quit smoking at the 3-month follow-up after the intervention. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and immature granulocytes were found to be higher in active smokers compared to non-smokers at initial presentation (p < 0.05). Hb and Hct values decreased in smokers who quit smoking compared to baseline values at 3 months (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Of the patients with polycythemia, 65% were current smokers and about half of them were successful in quitting smoking at 3 months with effective implementation of smoking cessation interventions.

Keywords: polycythemia; smoking cessation intervention; hematological parameters

1 Introduction

Smokers are exposed to carbon monoxide, nitrosamine compounds, and many types of hydrocarbons, resulting in a significantly increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases. Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increase in red blood cell (RBC) volume and hemoglobin (Hb) level. The condition presents as primary polycythemia as a result of hereditary or acquired mutation or as secondary polycythemia characterized by an increase in erythropoietin levels and increased RBC production due to impaired tissue oxygenation. Carbon monoxide taken in with cigarette smoke binds to Hb and forms carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity, and causes hypoxia by decreasing the oxygen carrying capacity to tissues. To prevent tissue hypoxia, erythropoietin secretion increases and erythrocyte production is induced in the bone marrow as a compensatory mechanism [1]. Toxic substances in tobacco have been found to be associated with clonal hematopoiesis by strongly stimulating inflammation and increasing oxidative stress [2]. It has been shown that cigarette smoke is a potent inflammatory stimulus via nuclear factor-κB and Jakus kinase (JAK) pathways and contributes to leukocytosis by strongly increasing neutrophil and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production [3]. In addition, smoking has been found to increase inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha [4]. It is thought to cause deterioration in hematological parameters through these pathways. Cases of secondary polycythemia as a result of systemic hypoxia due to smoking are also very common, and studies have shown a strong relationship between smoking and secondary polycythemia [5,6]. In addition to polycythemia, there are also studies showing that smoking increases hematological inflammatory parameters such as neutrophils and lymphocytes and causes triggering of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and chronic respiratory diseases [2,6,7,8].

Although efforts to prevent tobacco use in most developed countries are effective, the problem of tobacco use continues worldwide [9]. Smoking cessation interventions for the prevention of tobacco use have been shown to increase smoking cessation rates [10]. In addition, it was found that advice to quit for medical reasons increased the frequency of smoking cessation attempts [11]. In the literature, there are studies showing the link between polycythemia and tobacco exposure, but the effect of smoking cessation interventions in polycythemic patients and its effects on blood parameters are not well addressed in previous studies.

Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients and to evaluate the outcomes of smoking cessation interventions in polycythemic patients.

2 Materials and methods

Our study was conducted on patients who visited the hematology outpatient clinic at the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital between November 2022 and May 2023.

In this prospective cohort study, patients aged 18–80 years with polycythemia were included. Polycythemia is defined as the Hb level above 16.5 g/dL in men and 16 g/dL in women or hematocrit (Hct) >49% in men and >48% in women according to the World Health Organization criteria [12].

Informed consent was obtained from the patients participating in the study. A follow-up form was filled out regarding the smoking and quitting status of the patients at baseline and during follow-up.

Questions were asked regarding demographic data (age, gender, employment status, educational status, income level, etc.), presenting complaints and comorbidities. In addition, smoking behavior and the relationship between polycythemia and tobacco exposure and their level of knowledge were recorded by face-to-face questioning. Previous phlebotomy and blood donation status were questioned.

After fasting for at least 8–12 h, complete blood count (including immature granulocytes), lipid profile, glucose, uric acid, albumin, total protein, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, folate, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), calcium, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed.

In the next step of study, smoking cessation interventions were administered to all patients who smoked, regardless of whether they volunteered to quit smoking [13]. Immediate appointments were scheduled for patients at the smoking cessation outpatient clinic [14]. Details of practices in the smoking cessation outpatient clinic are available in our previous article [15]. Smoking cessation status of the patients was questioned at the third month follow-up and those who quit were validated by exhaled carbon monoxide measurement. At the third month follow-up of patients, the parameters studied at baseline were measured again.

At the end of the third month, those in the smoker group were divided into ex-smokers and current smokers, while nonsmokers remained as nonsmokers.

2.1 Exclusion criteria

Patients with a diagnosis of cancer, hematological diseases other than secondary polycythemia, active psychiatric disease, obstructive/restrictive lung disease or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, living at a high altitude, need for phlebotomy during the 3-month follow-up, cyanotic congenital heart disease, liver or kidney disease, androgen therapy, and alcohol use were excluded from the study. Patients who were found to be JAK2-positive and fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of polycythemia vera were excluded from the study.

2.2 Statistical analysis

The data of the study were analyzed with SPSS 29.0 software. Continuous data were presented with mean and standard deviation (SD) values, and categorical data were presented with number and percentage values. The relationships between smoking status and some socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were evaluated with the independent samples t test and chi-square tests. A comparison of first application baseline laboratory values of smoker and non-smoker groups was performed with the independent samples t test. The ANOVA test was used to evaluate the relationship between laboratory parameters and smoking cessation status of the groups at 3 months. A comparison of laboratory parameters of three groups separately according to pre- and postintervention periods was analyzed by the paired samples t test. There are no missing data in the variables included in the analysis. Statistical significance level p < 0.05 was accepted in all analyses.

  1. Informed consent statement: Informed consent has been obtained from all individuals included in this study.

  2. Ethical approval: Ethics committee approval was obtained for this study from the Faculty of Medicine at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, non-interventional clinical research ethics committee chairmanship (approval number: 2022/176; approval date: 13/10/2022). The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.

3 Results

A total of 142 patients with polycythemia were examined. Of these, 138 were male and 4 were female. At initial presentation, 93 patients were smokers and 49 were non-smokers. At the end of the third month, those in the smokers group were divided into ex-smokers (N = 47) and current smokers (N = 46), while the non-smokers remained as non-smokers (N = 49).

The mean age was 46.2 ± 14.5 years (minimum 20 to maximum 79). The most common reasons for presentation were headache, fatigue, and burning in the extremities. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. When baseline characteristics were compared according to smoking status, headache and tinnitus were more common in smokers and fatigue was more common in non-smokers (p < 0.05) (Table 1).

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of patients

Total (N = 142) Smoker (N = 93) Non-smoker (N = 49) p-value
Age, years 46.27 ± 14.54 46.53 ± 13.74 45.78 ± 16.10 0.771
Age group 0.593
 ≤44 62 (43.7%) 39 (62.9%) 23 (37.1%)
 45–64 63 (44.3%) 44 (69.8%) 19 (30.2%)
 ≥65 17 (12.0%) 10 (58.8%) 7 (41.2%)
Gender 0.141
 Female 4 (3%) 4 (4.3%) 0
 Male 138 (97%) 89 (95.7%) 49 (100%)
Employment status 0.633
 Unemployed 56 (39%) 38 (67.9%) 18 (32.1%)
 Employed 86 (61%) 55 (64.0%) 31 (36.0%)
Education Status 0.093
 Primary education 52 (36.6%) 40 (76.9%) 12 (23.1%)
 High school 56 (39.4%) 33 (58.9%) 23 (41.1%)
 University 34 (24%) 20 (58.8%) 14 (41.2%)
Income level 0.230
 ≤Minimum wage 57 (40.1%) 34 (59.6%) 23 (40.4%)
 >Minimum wage 85 (59.9%) 59 (69.4%) 26 (30.6%)
Admission reasons
 Headache 55 (38.7%) 45 (81.8%) 10 (18.2%) 0.001
 Dizziness 16 (11.2%) 11 (68.8%) 5 (31.3%) 0.771
 Weakness 31 (21.8%) 9 (29.0%) 22 (71.0%) <0.001
 Itching 14 (9.8%) 7 (50%) 7 (50%) 0.199
 High blood pressure 16 (11.2%) 5 (31.3%) 11 (68.8%) 0.002
 Tinnitus 14 (9.8%) 14 (100%) 0 0.004
 Hand and feet burning 27 (19%) 21 (77.8%) 6 (22.2%) 0.136
Comorbidities
 Diabetes mellitus 33 (23.2%) 21 (63.6%) 12 (36.4%) 0.798
 Hypertension 50 (35.2%) 29 (58.0%) 21 (42.0%) 0.166
 Hyperlipidemia 17 (12%) 10 (58.8%) 7 (41.2%) 0.538
 Coronary artery disease 12 (8.5%) 7 (58.3%) 5 (41.7%) 0.586

Table 2 shows the smoking behavior of smokers and their level of knowledge about smoking. A total of 76.3% of the current smokers answered “no” to the question, “Does smoking cause polycythemia?”, 77.4% had attempted to quit smoking before, and 81.7% of them did not know that there was a smoking cessation outpatient clinic in their neighborhood.

Table 2

Level of knowledge and attitude toward smoking of smokers

Smoker (N = 93)
Does smoking cause polycythemia? Number of attempts to quit smoking, mean (SD) 0.01 (0.10)
 Yes 4 (4.3%) Is there a smoking cessation clinic in your province?
 No 71 (76.3%)  Yes 11 (11.8%)
 No idea 18 (19.4%)  No 76 (81.7%)
Smoking duration (year), mean (SD) 25.6 (13.8)  No idea 6 (6.5%)
Number of cigarettes smoked per day, mean (SD) 18.9 (7.09) Number of evidence-based cessation aids, mean (SD) 0.01 (0.10)
Package year, mean (SD) 25.6 (17.5) Previous phlebotomy status
Age of smoking initiation, mean (SD) 20.8 (6.02)  0 53 (57%)
Number of smokers in household, mean (SD) 0.50 (0.60)  1 26 (28%)
Does your partner smoke?  ≥2 14 (15%)
 Yes 40 (43.0%) Previous blood donation status
 No 53 (57.0%)  Yes 37 (39.8%)
Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence score, mean (SD) 3.6 (2.10)  No 56 (60.2%)
Attempts to quit smoking
 Yes 72 (77.4%)
 No 21 (22.6%)

A comparison of baseline laboratory parameters of the patients according to smoking status is shown in Table 3. Hb, Hct, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-cholesterol), and immature granulocyte (IMG) levels were significantly higher in current smokers compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05). The albumin level was lower in smokers compared to non-smokers (p < 0.05). Total bilirubin and LDH levels were lower in smokers (p values <0.001 and 0.035, respectively).

Table 3

Comparison of first application basal laboratory values of smoker and non-smoker groups

Current smoker (N = 93) Non-smoker (N = 49) p value
Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
WBC (×103/μL) 8.35 (2.16) 7.89 (1.86) 0.211
Neutrophils (×103/μL) 5.05 (1.76) 4.73 (1.73) 0.300
Lymphocytes (×103/μL) 2.61 (0.81) 2.38 (0.86) 0.119
Hb (g/dL) 17.4 (0.6) 17 (0.4) 0.002
Hct (%) 51.1 (2.6) 49.9 (1.7) 0.004
MCV (fL) 89.4 (4.9) 87.7 (3.6) 0.040
Platelets (×103/μL) 236 (61) 242 (53) 0.602
IMG count 0.02 (0.02) 0.01 (0.01) 0.010
IMG (%) 0.31 (0.26) 0.21 (0.17) 0.022
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.72 (0.29) 1.00 (0.47) <0.001
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.13 (0.13) 0.14 (0.06) 0.794
LDH (U/L) 183.85 (43.29) 200.28 (42.30) 0.035
Albumin (g/dL) 4.48 (0.27) 4.58 (0.27) 0.043
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 206.05 (44.6) 197.94 (40.73) 0.361
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 199.41 (132.02) 178.66 (131.52) 0.440
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 41.94 (9.38) 45.51 (8.96) 0.063
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 129.55 (38.72) 118.48 (31.93) 0.145
VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) 43.02 (29.89) 28.16 (11.56) 0.045

Abbreviations: WBC: white blood cell; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; IMG: immature granulocyte; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein.

Table 4 shows the laboratory parameters with significant difference according to the smoking cessation status of the groups at the third month. White blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil levels were found to be higher in current smokers than in never smokers (p value, 0.036 and 0.031, respectively).

Table 4

Laboratory parameters with significant differences according to the smoking cessation status of the groups at 3 months

Ex-smoker (N = 47) Current smoker (N = 46) Non-smoker (N = 49) p value
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
WBC (×103/μL) 8.16 (1.79) 8.80 (2.48)* 7.75 (1.52)* 0.036
Neutrophils (×103/μL) 4.83 (1.65) 5.38 (2.04)* 4.49 (1.15)* 0.031
Monocytes (×103/μL) 0.60 (0.16)* 0.57 (0.16) 0.52 (0.13)* 0.029
RDW (%) 13.26 (0.71)* 13.74 (0.78)*# 13.31 (0.69)# 0.003
Calcium (mg/dL) 9.68 (0.34)*# 9.93 (0.46)* 9.98 (0.036)# 0.004
ALT (U/L) 27 (11)* 30 (16) 36 (23)* 0.041
GGT (U/L) 29 (15)* 99 (81)*# 40 (15)# 0.003

*, # indicate groups with significant differences between them. Abbreviations: WBC: white blood cells; RDW: red cell distribution width; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase.

In Table 5, the laboratory parameters of the three groups were compared separately according to the periods before and after the intervention. In the smoking cessation group, Hb and Hct values decreased in the third month compared to baseline values (p < 0.001). In current smokers, the LDH level increased significantly in the third month compared to baseline values (p < 0.05).

Table 5

Comparison of laboratory parameters of three groups separately according to pre- and postintervention periods

Participants Ex-smoker (N = 47) Current smoker (N = 46) Non-smoker (N = 49)
Variable First application Third month control p value First application Third month control p value First application Third month control p value
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
WBC (×103/μL) 8.10 (1.78) 8.16 (1.79) 0.824 8.61 (2.49) 8.80 (2.48) 0.672 7.89 (1.86) 7.75 (1.52) 0.581
Neutrophils (×103/μL) 4.75 (1.59) 4.83 (1.65) 0.799 5.36 (1.88) 5.38 (2.04) 0.936 4.73 (1.73) 4.49 (1.15) 0.317
Lymphocytes (×103/μL) 2.52 (0.77) 2.48 (0.66) 0.655 2.69 (0.84) 2.55 (0.90) 0.092 2.38 (0.86) 2.40 (0.73) 0.795
Hb (g/dL) 17.6 (0.7) 17 (0.9) <0.001 17.1 (0.5) 17.2 (0.7) 0.882 17 (0.4) 17.2 (0.6) 0.08
Hct (%) 51.9 (2.6) 50 (3) <0.001 50.2 (2.3) 50 (2.2) 0.490 49.9 (1.7) 50.2 (2) 0.220
MCV (fL) 90 (4.9) 89.4 (5.2) 0.130 88.8 (4.9) 89.2 (5) 0.144 87.7 (3.6) 87.5 (3.3) 0.406
Platelets (×103/μL) 230 (58) 238 (60) 0.064 243 (63) 240 (60) 0.459 242 (53) 245 (53) 0.531
AST (U/L) 24 (12) 21 (7) 0.180 23 (8) 25 (10) 0.319 27 (11) 26 (14) 0.512
ALT (U/L) 32 (15) 27 (11) 0.038 32 (16) 30 (16) 0.139 38 (24) 36 (23) 0.434
LDH (U/L) 185 (44) 183 (45) 0.771 180 (40) 200 (47) 0.030 199 (42) 192 (36) 0.298
Iron (µg/dL) 130 (60) 101 (42) 0.302 100 (41) 102 (52) 0.877 118 (46) 120 (47) 0.826
TIBC (µg/dL) 346 (52) 343 (37) 0.844 332 (62) 341 (62) 0.319 341 (43) 342 (51) 0.900
Ferritin (ng/mL) 126 (57) 95 (32) 0.067 104 (67) 88 (48) 0.065 83 (66) 84 (60) 0.908

Abbreviations: WBC: white blood cell; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase.

4 Discussion

In our study, 65% of the polycythemia patients were current smokers. Most of them were willing to quit smoking and 51% of them were able to quit smoking at the end of the third month with cessation interventions and immediate appointment arrangement to the smoking cessation clinic. Mean Hb and Hct values were found to be higher at baseline in smokers than in non-smokers and decreased significantly in the group that quit smoking at the third month follow-up. However, no difference was observed in the group that continued to smoke.

In our study, the fact that Hb levels were found to be higher in smokers at first presentation indicates a positive relationship between smoking and severity of polycythemia.

Free radicals, peroxides, and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke are clearly linked to pathophysiological events such as prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis and affect hemostasis. It is also known to play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including atherosclerosis, carcinoma, and inflammatory diseases [16,17].

While the majority of polycythemia patients continued to smoke, 51% of the patients quit smoking with our interventions. Smoking cessation rates increase with the effective evaluation of these processes, which are “teachable moments for patients,” by the primary responsible physician [18].

In a study in which behavioral therapy and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were recommended in addition to medical reasons in smoking cessation interventions, it was shown that the effectiveness was higher [11]. In our study, NRT was started in addition to behavioral therapy in patients who attended the smoking cessation outpatient clinic, and 51% of the patients were able to quit smoking. This showed that the combination of NRT and behavioral therapy is an effective method for smoking cessation. In addition, 81.7% of the smokers in our study were unaware of the existence of a smoking cessation outpatient clinic in their region. Therefore, there is a need to inform patients about the existence of smoking cessation outpatient clinics in order to increase the application rate of polycythemia patients to smoking cessation outpatient clinics and the chance of success in smoking cessation.

In a study conducted by Malenica et al., the effect of smoking on hematological parameters in a healthy population was examined, and it was stated that it caused negative effects on Hb, WBC, and mean corpuscular Hb and this may cause serious consequences such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and atherosclerosis [17]. In addition, in another study in which lipid profile disorders were shown in smokers, it was reported that these changes may lead to fatal heart diseases [19]. In our study, Hb and WBC values as well as VLDL-cholesterol levels were found to be higher in smokers at initial presentation, but there was no significant change in triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels.

In smokers, carbon monoxide exposure results in increased production of carboxy Hb and tissue hypoxia. This results in an increase in erythropoietin secretion and thus an increase in erythrocyte count and Hct values [1]. One study found that higher RBC and Hct levels in smokers were associated with increased blood viscosity and coagulation. It was also observed that increased Hct was associated with progression of atherosclerosis and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In the same study, it was observed that Hct levels returned to normal within 5 years after patients quit smoking [20]. In our study, it was found that the Hb level was higher in the smoking group, and there was a significant decrease in Hb and Hct levels after smoking cessation in the third month control. This showed us that smoking cessation may improve treatment success in polycythemic patients. The significant decrease in Hb and Hct values after smoking cessation in patients will reduce the need for additional therapeutic interventions such as phlebotomy and reduce serious complications such as thrombosis. In addition, it will reduce the symptoms associated with polycythemia such as headache, fatigue, and tinnitus. In the long term, smoking cessation in patients with polycythemia will contribute to a reduction in smoking-related cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, COPD, malignancies, and inflammatory diseases.

The increase in leukocyte count in smokers may be explained by the systemic inflammatory response caused by activation of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, the increase in MCV value may occur as a result of smoking-related oxidative stress or free radical formation causing changes in the erythrocyte surface [21]. In one study, it was observed that leucocyte values decreased over time with smoking cessation [22]. In our study, WBC and neutrophil values were found to be higher in patients who continued to smoke compared to non-smokers at the third month control, but no significant decrease was observed in those who quit smoking. This may be related to the short follow-up period. The MCV value was observed to be higher in smokers at the first presentation and was consistent with the literature.

IMG are premature granulocytes released from the bone marrow and have been shown to increase in cases of inflammation and infection [23,24]. In our study, we observed that the number and percentage of IMGs were higher in smokers, and this may be an indicator of smoking-related inflammation. Albumin levels were lower in smokers, and it has been suggested that low albumin levels may be a marker of susceptibility to smoking-induced inflammatory response [25]. In our study, the albumin level was found to be low in polycythemia patients who smoked at initial presentation, and this may again be related to chronic inflammation.

4.1 Strength and limitations

Our study is important in terms of the methods to be used to reduce the adverse effects of tobacco use on Hb and Hct in polycythemia patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in polycythemia patients. The limitations of our study are that the number of patients was limited, female smokers were very few, and the study was conducted in a single center.

4.2 Suggestions for further research

In our study, we investigated the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemia patients and emphasized the importance of smoking cessation and intervention. Future studies may add a different dimension to this issue by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) applications. In recent years, AI has been increasingly used in medicine, especially in molecular biology, drug discovery, and clinical diagnosis [26]. Breakthroughs in protein structure prediction with the AlphaFold model provide important tools for drug design and disease mechanism research, while clinical image-based AI models show great potential in individualized diagnosis and treatment [27]. The application of these technologies provides new perspectives and methods for medical research and can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of research. In this study, we investigated the effect of smoking on hematological parameters in patients with polycythemia, and AI technology can determine the complex relationship between smoking and hematological parameters by analyzing large amounts of clinical data. For example, AI models can be used to predict the effects of smoking on different hematological parameters and may even help design personalized smoking cessation intervention programs. As noted in our study, 51% of the smokers successfully quit smoking after receiving smoking cessation interventions. AI technology can provide personalized smoking cessation advice and intervention strategies by analyzing patients’ smoking behavior, physiological parameters, and psychological state.

5 Conclusions

The present findings show a significant decrease in Hb level in polycythemia patients with smoking cessation. Developing and improving the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions is crucial to help reduce the burden of smoking-related polycythemia and improve the outcomes. One of the possible reasons for the high success rate of smoking cessation in our study is that the patients were informed by the physician that tobacco exposure is one of the important causes of polycythemia. Therefore, polycythemic smokers should be actively encouraged to quit smoking, their awareness should be raised, and effectiveness should be monitored after the intervention. In this way, it should be aimed to better treat polycythemia in patients and to reduce the symptoms and life-threatening complications associated with polycythemia.

  1. Funding information: The authors state no funding was involved.

  2. Author contributions: Conceptualization, methodology, data curation: K.I., D.K., and O.C.; formal analysis: T.G.T.; writing, review and editing: K.I., D.K., and A.K. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and consented to its submission to the journal, reviewed all the results, and approved the final version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Received: 2024-12-28
Revised: 2025-03-10
Accepted: 2025-03-19
Published Online: 2025-04-29

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Research Articles
  2. Network pharmacological analysis and in vitro testing of the rutin effects on triple-negative breast cancer
  3. Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study
  4. Knockdown of CCNB1 alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast dysfunction during gestational diabetes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  5. Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients
  6. Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with Fonsecaea monophora based on single-cell sequencing
  7. Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor
  8. CMSP exerts anti-tumor effects on small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis
  9. Predictive value of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 in pediatric refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
  10. Antiangiogenic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata extracts and molecular docking study by targeting VEGFR-2 pathway
  11. Comparison of the effectiveness of nurse-led preoperative counseling and postoperative follow-up care vs standard care for patients with gastric cancer
  12. Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis
  13. Adhered macrophages as an additional marker of cardiomyocyte injury in biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
  14. Association between statin administration and outcome in patients with sepsis: A retrospective study
  15. Exploration of the association between estimated glucose disposal rate and osteoarthritis in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018
  16. A comparative analysis of the binary and multiclass classified chest X-ray images of pneumonia and COVID-19 with ML and DL models
  17. Lysophosphatidic acid 2 alleviates deep vein thrombosis via protective endothelial barrier function
  18. Transcription factor A, mitochondrial promotes lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma
  19. Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
  20. Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study
  21. Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome
  22. The first-line antihypertensive nitrendipine potentiated the therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin by downregulating CACNA1D in colorectal cancer
  23. Health literacy and health-related quality of life: The mediating role of irrational happiness
  24. Modulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on bone cell dynamics in osteoporosis
  25. Mechanism research on inhibition of gastric cancer in vitro by the extract of Pinellia ternata based on network pharmacology and cellular metabolomics
  26. Examination of the causal role of immune cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  27. Clinical analysis of ten cases of HIV infection combined with acute leukemia
  28. Investigating the cardioprotective potential of quercetin against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: A mechanistic insights
  29. Clinical observation of probiotics combined with mesalazine and Yiyi Baitouweng Decoction retention enema in treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
  30. Diagnostic value of ratio of blood inflammation to coagulation markers in periprosthetic joint infection
  31. Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
  32. Core muscle strength and stability-oriented breathing training reduces inter-recti distance in postpartum women
  33. The ERAS nursing care strategy for patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection: A randomized blinded controlled trial
  34. The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis
  35. Impact of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based nursing on caregiver burden and psychological state of caregivers of dementia patients
  36. Analysis of serum NLR combined with intraoperative margin condition to predict the prognosis of cervical HSIL patients undergoing LEEP surgery
  37. Commiphora gileadensis ameliorate infertility and erectile dysfunction in diabetic male mice
  38. The correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition classification and MMP2 expression of circulating tumor cells and prognosis of advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  39. Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis in vitro by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway
  40. A cross-sectional study: Relationship between serum oxidative stress levels and arteriovenous fistula maturation in maintenance dialysis patients
  41. A comparative analysis of the impact of repeated administration of flavan 3-ol on brown, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue
  42. Identifying early screening factors for depression in middle-aged and older adults: A cohort study
  43. Perform tumor-specific survival analysis for Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection based on the SEER database by constructing a nomogram chart
  44. Unveiling the role of CXCL10 in pancreatic cancer progression: A novel prognostic indicator
  45. High-dose preoperative intraperitoneal erythropoietin and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries following decompression surgeries
  46. RAB39B: A novel biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia identified via multi-omics and functional validation
  47. Impact of peripheral conditioning on reperfusion injury following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic STEMI patients
  48. Clinical efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of middle- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly patients: A retrospective study
  49. The effect of ambulatory blood pressure load on mitral regurgitation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
  50. Expression and clinical significance of ITGA3 in breast cancer
  51. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals ARHGAP28 expression of podocytes as a biomarker in human diabetic nephropathy
  52. rSIG combined with NLR in the prognostic assessment of patients with multiple injuries
  53. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake
  54. Exploring causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and marginal zone lymphoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  55. Gender beliefs and legitimization of dating violence in adolescents
  56. Effect of serum IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 levels on the efficacy of modified preperitoneal Kugel repair in patients with inguinal hernia
  57. Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
  58. Pathogen surveillance and risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective single-center study
  59. Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
  60. Celastrol suppresses neovascularization in rat aortic vascular endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory tenocytes via modulating the NLRP3 pathway
  61. Cord-lamina angle and foraminal diameter as key predictors of C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery
  62. GATA1: A key biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  63. Influencing factors of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection: A single-center retrospective study
  64. MZB1 regulates the immune microenvironment and inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration
  65. Integrating experimental and network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Dioscin against glioblastoma
  66. Trends in research on preterm birth in twin pregnancy based on bibliometrics
  67. Four-week IgE/baseline IgE ratio combined with tryptase predicts clinical outcome in omalizumab-treated children with moderate-to-severe asthma
  68. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies a stress response Schwann cell subtype
  69. Acute pancreatitis risk in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease: A critical focus
  70. Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
  71. Interleukin-37 mediates the anti-oral tumor activity in oral cancer through STAT3
  72. CA199 and CEA expression levels, and minimally invasive postoperative prognosis analysis in esophageal squamous carcinoma patients
  73. Efficacy of a novel drainage catheter in the treatment of CSF leak after posterior spine surgery: A retrospective cohort study
  74. Comprehensive biomedicine assessment of Apteranthes tuberculata extracts: Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted pharmacological evaluation in animal models
  75. Relation of time in range to severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  76. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina
  77. Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture
  78. Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
  79. Mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  80. The law on oncological oblivion in the Italian and European context: How to best uphold the cancer patients’ rights to privacy and self-determination?
  81. The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prognostic nutritional index for survival in patients with colorectal cancer
  82. Factors affecting the measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation values in healthy young adults
  83. Comparison and correlations between findings of hysteroscopy and vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography for detection of uterine abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure
  84. The effects of different types of RAGT on balance function in stroke patients with low levels of independent walking in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital
  85. Causal relationship between asthma and ankylosing spondylitis: A bidirectional two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  86. Correlations of health literacy with individuals’ understanding and use of medications in Southern Taiwan
  87. Correlation of serum calprotectin with outcome of acute cerebral infarction
  88. Comparison of computed tomography and guided bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  89. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis via the regulation of DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation
  90. The identification of novel missense variant in ChAT gene in a patient with gestational diabetes denotes plausible genetic association
  91. Molecular genotyping of multi-system rare blood types in foreign blood donors based on DNA sequencing and its clinical significance
  92. Exploring the role of succinyl carnitine in the association between CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Dexmedetomidine suppresses microglial activation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the mmu-miRNA-125/TRAF6 signaling axis
  94. Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure
  95. Diagnostic value of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
  96. Pachymaran alleviates fat accumulation, hepatocyte degeneration, and injury in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  97. Decrease in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are predictors of severe clinical picture and unfavorable outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19
  98. METTL3 blocked the progression of diabetic retinopathy through m6A-modified SOX2
  99. The predictive significance of anti-RO-52 antibody in patients with interstitial pneumonia after treatment of malignant tumors
  100. Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization
  101. Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of ocular sarcoidosis based on autophagy-related gene analysis
  102. Widespread venous thrombosis: Unveiling a complex case of Behçet’s disease with a literature perspective
  103. Uterine fibroid embolization: An analysis of clinical outcomes and impact on patients’ quality of life
  104. Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
  105. Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer
  106. Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound–MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block
  107. Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway
  108. Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation
  109. Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  110. Cell-free adipose extract inhibits hypertrophic scar formation through collagen remodeling and antiangiogenesis
  111. HALP score in Demodex blepharitis: A case–control study
  112. Assessment of SOX2 performance as a marker for circulating cancer stem-like cells (CCSCs) identification in advanced breast cancer patients using CytoTrack system
  113. Risk and prognosis for brain metastasis in primary metastatic cervical cancer patients: A population-based study
  114. Comparison of the two intestinal anastomosis methods in pediatric patients
  115. Factors influencing hematological toxicity and adverse effects of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  116. Endotoxin tolerance inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of septic mice by restoring autophagic flux through TRIM26
  117. Lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A single-centre experience of 21 procedures
  118. Petunidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal microglia inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy by targeting OGT/NF-κB/LCN2 axis
  119. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute cholecystitis
  120. Factors determining the number of sessions in successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients
  121. Development of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with renal pelvic cancer following surgery
  122. Inhibition of ATG7 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by regulating the RANKL/OPG ratio under compression force
  123. A machine learning-based prognostic model integrating mRNA stemness index, hypoxia, and glycolysis‑related biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  124. Glutathione attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via dual modulation of NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathways
  125. FAHD1 prevents neuronal ferroptosis by modulating R-loop and the cGAS–STING pathway
  126. Association of placenta weight and morphology with term low birth weight: A case–control study
  127. Review Articles
  128. The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review
  129. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
  130. Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
  131. Review of mechanisms and frontier applications in IL-17A-induced hypertension
  132. Research progress on the correlation between islet amyloid peptides and type 2 diabetes mellitus
  133. The safety and efficacy of BCG combined with mitomycin C compared with BCG monotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  134. The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review
  135. The effect of Greek mountain tea extract and wheat germ extract on peripheral blood flow and eicosanoid metabolism in mammals
  136. Neurogasobiology of migraine: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as emerging pathophysiological trinacrium relevant to nociception regulation
  137. Plant polyphenols, terpenes, and terpenoids in oral health
  138. Laboratory medicine between technological innovation, rights safeguarding, and patient safety: A bioethical perspective
  139. End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe
  140. The maternal factors during pregnancy for intrauterine growth retardation: An umbrella review
  141. Intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome of pediatric patients in critical care settings
  142. PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  143. Screening of Group B Streptococcus in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection
  144. Giant borderline ovarian tumours – review of the literature
  145. Leveraging artificial intelligence for collaborative care planning: Innovations and impacts in shared decision-making – A systematic review
  146. Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic
  147. Risk factors of frailty/sarcopenia in community older adults: Meta-analysis
  148. Supplement strategies for infertility in overweight women: Evidence and legal insights
  149. Scurvy, a not obsolete disorder: Clinical report in eight young children and literature review
  150. Case Reports
  151. Delayed graft function after renal transplantation
  152. Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
  153. Diverse electrophysiological demyelinating features in a late-onset glycogen storage disease type IIIa case
  154. Giant right atrial hemangioma presenting with ascites: A case report
  155. Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report
  156. EsoFLIP-assisted dilation for dysphagia in systemic sclerosis: Highlighting the role of multimodal esophageal evaluation
  157. Rapid Communication
  158. Biological properties of valve materials using RGD and EC
  159. Letter to the Editor
  160. Role of enhanced external counterpulsation in long COVID
  161. Expression of Concern
  162. Expression of concern “A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma”
  163. Expression of concern “Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway”
  164. Expression of concern “circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8”
  165. Corrigendum
  166. Corrigendum to “Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism”
  167. Corrigendum to “Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis”
  168. Corrigendum to “The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges”
  169. Retraction
  170. Retraction of “miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway”
  171. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part II
  172. Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
  173. Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells
  174. The era of increasing cancer survivorship: Trends in fertility preservation, medico-legal implications, and ethical challenges
  175. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ
  176. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
  177. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part IV
  178. Exploration of mRNA-modifying METTL3 oncogene as momentous prognostic biomarker responsible for colorectal cancer development
  179. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part III
  180. Interaction and verification of ferroptosis-related RNAs Rela and Stat3 in promoting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
  181. The mRNA MOXD1: Link to oxidative stress and prognostic significance in gastric cancer
  182. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part II
  183. Dynamic changes in lactate-related genes in microglia and their role in immune cell interactions after ischemic stroke
  184. A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing’s sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis
  185. Special Issue Diabetes
  186. Nutritional risk assessment and nutritional support in children with congenital diabetes during surgery
  187. Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang
  188. A discussion on the application of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography in the research of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
  189. A review of brain research on T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction
  190. Special Issue Biomarker Discovery and Precision Medicine
  191. CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2025-1181
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
polycythemia; smoking cessation intervention; hematological parameters
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Research Articles
  2. Network pharmacological analysis and in vitro testing of the rutin effects on triple-negative breast cancer
  3. Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study
  4. Knockdown of CCNB1 alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast dysfunction during gestational diabetes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  5. Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients
  6. Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with Fonsecaea monophora based on single-cell sequencing
  7. Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor
  8. CMSP exerts anti-tumor effects on small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis
  9. Predictive value of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 in pediatric refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
  10. Antiangiogenic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata extracts and molecular docking study by targeting VEGFR-2 pathway
  11. Comparison of the effectiveness of nurse-led preoperative counseling and postoperative follow-up care vs standard care for patients with gastric cancer
  12. Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis
  13. Adhered macrophages as an additional marker of cardiomyocyte injury in biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
  14. Association between statin administration and outcome in patients with sepsis: A retrospective study
  15. Exploration of the association between estimated glucose disposal rate and osteoarthritis in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018
  16. A comparative analysis of the binary and multiclass classified chest X-ray images of pneumonia and COVID-19 with ML and DL models
  17. Lysophosphatidic acid 2 alleviates deep vein thrombosis via protective endothelial barrier function
  18. Transcription factor A, mitochondrial promotes lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma
  19. Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
  20. Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study
  21. Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome
  22. The first-line antihypertensive nitrendipine potentiated the therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin by downregulating CACNA1D in colorectal cancer
  23. Health literacy and health-related quality of life: The mediating role of irrational happiness
  24. Modulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on bone cell dynamics in osteoporosis
  25. Mechanism research on inhibition of gastric cancer in vitro by the extract of Pinellia ternata based on network pharmacology and cellular metabolomics
  26. Examination of the causal role of immune cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  27. Clinical analysis of ten cases of HIV infection combined with acute leukemia
  28. Investigating the cardioprotective potential of quercetin against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: A mechanistic insights
  29. Clinical observation of probiotics combined with mesalazine and Yiyi Baitouweng Decoction retention enema in treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
  30. Diagnostic value of ratio of blood inflammation to coagulation markers in periprosthetic joint infection
  31. Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
  32. Core muscle strength and stability-oriented breathing training reduces inter-recti distance in postpartum women
  33. The ERAS nursing care strategy for patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection: A randomized blinded controlled trial
  34. The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis
  35. Impact of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based nursing on caregiver burden and psychological state of caregivers of dementia patients
  36. Analysis of serum NLR combined with intraoperative margin condition to predict the prognosis of cervical HSIL patients undergoing LEEP surgery
  37. Commiphora gileadensis ameliorate infertility and erectile dysfunction in diabetic male mice
  38. The correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition classification and MMP2 expression of circulating tumor cells and prognosis of advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  39. Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis in vitro by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway
  40. A cross-sectional study: Relationship between serum oxidative stress levels and arteriovenous fistula maturation in maintenance dialysis patients
  41. A comparative analysis of the impact of repeated administration of flavan 3-ol on brown, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue
  42. Identifying early screening factors for depression in middle-aged and older adults: A cohort study
  43. Perform tumor-specific survival analysis for Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection based on the SEER database by constructing a nomogram chart
  44. Unveiling the role of CXCL10 in pancreatic cancer progression: A novel prognostic indicator
  45. High-dose preoperative intraperitoneal erythropoietin and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries following decompression surgeries
  46. RAB39B: A novel biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia identified via multi-omics and functional validation
  47. Impact of peripheral conditioning on reperfusion injury following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic STEMI patients
  48. Clinical efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of middle- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly patients: A retrospective study
  49. The effect of ambulatory blood pressure load on mitral regurgitation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
  50. Expression and clinical significance of ITGA3 in breast cancer
  51. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals ARHGAP28 expression of podocytes as a biomarker in human diabetic nephropathy
  52. rSIG combined with NLR in the prognostic assessment of patients with multiple injuries
  53. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake
  54. Exploring causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and marginal zone lymphoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  55. Gender beliefs and legitimization of dating violence in adolescents
  56. Effect of serum IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 levels on the efficacy of modified preperitoneal Kugel repair in patients with inguinal hernia
  57. Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
  58. Pathogen surveillance and risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective single-center study
  59. Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
  60. Celastrol suppresses neovascularization in rat aortic vascular endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory tenocytes via modulating the NLRP3 pathway
  61. Cord-lamina angle and foraminal diameter as key predictors of C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery
  62. GATA1: A key biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  63. Influencing factors of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection: A single-center retrospective study
  64. MZB1 regulates the immune microenvironment and inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration
  65. Integrating experimental and network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Dioscin against glioblastoma
  66. Trends in research on preterm birth in twin pregnancy based on bibliometrics
  67. Four-week IgE/baseline IgE ratio combined with tryptase predicts clinical outcome in omalizumab-treated children with moderate-to-severe asthma
  68. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies a stress response Schwann cell subtype
  69. Acute pancreatitis risk in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease: A critical focus
  70. Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
  71. Interleukin-37 mediates the anti-oral tumor activity in oral cancer through STAT3
  72. CA199 and CEA expression levels, and minimally invasive postoperative prognosis analysis in esophageal squamous carcinoma patients
  73. Efficacy of a novel drainage catheter in the treatment of CSF leak after posterior spine surgery: A retrospective cohort study
  74. Comprehensive biomedicine assessment of Apteranthes tuberculata extracts: Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted pharmacological evaluation in animal models
  75. Relation of time in range to severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  76. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina
  77. Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture
  78. Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
  79. Mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  80. The law on oncological oblivion in the Italian and European context: How to best uphold the cancer patients’ rights to privacy and self-determination?
  81. The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prognostic nutritional index for survival in patients with colorectal cancer
  82. Factors affecting the measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation values in healthy young adults
  83. Comparison and correlations between findings of hysteroscopy and vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography for detection of uterine abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure
  84. The effects of different types of RAGT on balance function in stroke patients with low levels of independent walking in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital
  85. Causal relationship between asthma and ankylosing spondylitis: A bidirectional two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  86. Correlations of health literacy with individuals’ understanding and use of medications in Southern Taiwan
  87. Correlation of serum calprotectin with outcome of acute cerebral infarction
  88. Comparison of computed tomography and guided bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  89. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis via the regulation of DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation
  90. The identification of novel missense variant in ChAT gene in a patient with gestational diabetes denotes plausible genetic association
  91. Molecular genotyping of multi-system rare blood types in foreign blood donors based on DNA sequencing and its clinical significance
  92. Exploring the role of succinyl carnitine in the association between CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Dexmedetomidine suppresses microglial activation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the mmu-miRNA-125/TRAF6 signaling axis
  94. Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure
  95. Diagnostic value of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
  96. Pachymaran alleviates fat accumulation, hepatocyte degeneration, and injury in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  97. Decrease in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are predictors of severe clinical picture and unfavorable outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19
  98. METTL3 blocked the progression of diabetic retinopathy through m6A-modified SOX2
  99. The predictive significance of anti-RO-52 antibody in patients with interstitial pneumonia after treatment of malignant tumors
  100. Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization
  101. Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of ocular sarcoidosis based on autophagy-related gene analysis
  102. Widespread venous thrombosis: Unveiling a complex case of Behçet’s disease with a literature perspective
  103. Uterine fibroid embolization: An analysis of clinical outcomes and impact on patients’ quality of life
  104. Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
  105. Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer
  106. Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound–MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block
  107. Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway
  108. Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation
  109. Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  110. Cell-free adipose extract inhibits hypertrophic scar formation through collagen remodeling and antiangiogenesis
  111. HALP score in Demodex blepharitis: A case–control study
  112. Assessment of SOX2 performance as a marker for circulating cancer stem-like cells (CCSCs) identification in advanced breast cancer patients using CytoTrack system
  113. Risk and prognosis for brain metastasis in primary metastatic cervical cancer patients: A population-based study
  114. Comparison of the two intestinal anastomosis methods in pediatric patients
  115. Factors influencing hematological toxicity and adverse effects of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  116. Endotoxin tolerance inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of septic mice by restoring autophagic flux through TRIM26
  117. Lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A single-centre experience of 21 procedures
  118. Petunidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal microglia inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy by targeting OGT/NF-κB/LCN2 axis
  119. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute cholecystitis
  120. Factors determining the number of sessions in successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients
  121. Development of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with renal pelvic cancer following surgery
  122. Inhibition of ATG7 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by regulating the RANKL/OPG ratio under compression force
  123. A machine learning-based prognostic model integrating mRNA stemness index, hypoxia, and glycolysis‑related biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  124. Glutathione attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via dual modulation of NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathways
  125. FAHD1 prevents neuronal ferroptosis by modulating R-loop and the cGAS–STING pathway
  126. Association of placenta weight and morphology with term low birth weight: A case–control study
  127. Review Articles
  128. The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review
  129. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
  130. Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
  131. Review of mechanisms and frontier applications in IL-17A-induced hypertension
  132. Research progress on the correlation between islet amyloid peptides and type 2 diabetes mellitus
  133. The safety and efficacy of BCG combined with mitomycin C compared with BCG monotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  134. The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review
  135. The effect of Greek mountain tea extract and wheat germ extract on peripheral blood flow and eicosanoid metabolism in mammals
  136. Neurogasobiology of migraine: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as emerging pathophysiological trinacrium relevant to nociception regulation
  137. Plant polyphenols, terpenes, and terpenoids in oral health
  138. Laboratory medicine between technological innovation, rights safeguarding, and patient safety: A bioethical perspective
  139. End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe
  140. The maternal factors during pregnancy for intrauterine growth retardation: An umbrella review
  141. Intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome of pediatric patients in critical care settings
  142. PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  143. Screening of Group B Streptococcus in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection
  144. Giant borderline ovarian tumours – review of the literature
  145. Leveraging artificial intelligence for collaborative care planning: Innovations and impacts in shared decision-making – A systematic review
  146. Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic
  147. Risk factors of frailty/sarcopenia in community older adults: Meta-analysis
  148. Supplement strategies for infertility in overweight women: Evidence and legal insights
  149. Scurvy, a not obsolete disorder: Clinical report in eight young children and literature review
  150. Case Reports
  151. Delayed graft function after renal transplantation
  152. Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
  153. Diverse electrophysiological demyelinating features in a late-onset glycogen storage disease type IIIa case
  154. Giant right atrial hemangioma presenting with ascites: A case report
  155. Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report
  156. EsoFLIP-assisted dilation for dysphagia in systemic sclerosis: Highlighting the role of multimodal esophageal evaluation
  157. Rapid Communication
  158. Biological properties of valve materials using RGD and EC
  159. Letter to the Editor
  160. Role of enhanced external counterpulsation in long COVID
  161. Expression of Concern
  162. Expression of concern “A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma”
  163. Expression of concern “Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway”
  164. Expression of concern “circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8”
  165. Corrigendum
  166. Corrigendum to “Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism”
  167. Corrigendum to “Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis”
  168. Corrigendum to “The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges”
  169. Retraction
  170. Retraction of “miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway”
  171. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part II
  172. Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
  173. Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells
  174. The era of increasing cancer survivorship: Trends in fertility preservation, medico-legal implications, and ethical challenges
  175. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ
  176. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
  177. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part IV
  178. Exploration of mRNA-modifying METTL3 oncogene as momentous prognostic biomarker responsible for colorectal cancer development
  179. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part III
  180. Interaction and verification of ferroptosis-related RNAs Rela and Stat3 in promoting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
  181. The mRNA MOXD1: Link to oxidative stress and prognostic significance in gastric cancer
  182. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part II
  183. Dynamic changes in lactate-related genes in microglia and their role in immune cell interactions after ischemic stroke
  184. A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing’s sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis
  185. Special Issue Diabetes
  186. Nutritional risk assessment and nutritional support in children with congenital diabetes during surgery
  187. Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang
  188. A discussion on the application of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography in the research of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
  189. A review of brain research on T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction
  190. Special Issue Biomarker Discovery and Precision Medicine
  191. CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms
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Heruntergeladen am 1.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2025-1181/html
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