Home Medicine Delta neutrophil index, CRP/albumin ratio, procalcitonin, immature granulocytes, and HALP score in acute appendicitis: Best performing biomarker?
Article Open Access

Delta neutrophil index, CRP/albumin ratio, procalcitonin, immature granulocytes, and HALP score in acute appendicitis: Best performing biomarker?

  • Mustafa Oguz Cumaoglu EMAIL logo , Durmus Ayan , Abdussamed Vural , Turgut Dolanbay , Caner Ozbey and Abdul Ridvan Kulu
Published/Copyright: October 16, 2025
Download Article (PDF)
Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 20 Issue 1

Abstract

Aim

This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of five inflammatory biomarkers – delta neutrophil index (DNI); C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR); procalcitonin (PCT); immature granulocytes count (IGc); and hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet score (HALPs) – in detecting acute appendicitis (AA) and identifying the most reliable marker for distinguishing complicated from non-complicated cases.

Materials and methods

A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital emergency department, including 100 histopathologically confirmed AA patients and 100 healthy controls. Biomarker levels were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cut-off values were determined via the Youden index, while logistic regression identified independent predictors of complicated appendicitis (CA).

Results

DNI exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy for AA (AUC: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.821–0.919, p < 0.001) with 92% specificity and 69% sensitivity at a cut-off of 71.88. CAR (AUC: 0.853) and PCT (AUC: 0.852) showed similar performance, whereas IGc (AUC: 0.695) and HALPs (AUC: 0.627) were less effective. DNI also outperformed the Alvarado score in predicting CA (AUC: 0.698 vs 0.626) and was an independent predictor (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.40–7.24, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

DNI demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for AA and was the most reliable marker for identifying CA. Its integration into clinical practice may enhance early diagnosis and reduce unnecessary surgeries, improving outcomes.

Keywords: acute appendicitis; delta neutrophil index; diagnosis; emergency department; inflammatory biomarker

1 Introduction

Acute appendicitis (AA) is a surgical emergency characterized by obstruction of the vermiform appendix due to fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia, or foreign bodies, leading to increased intraluminal pressure, impaired venous flow, and subsequent bacterial infection [1]. Its annual incidence is approximately 90–100 per 100,000 individuals, making it one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain, accounting for 7–8% of all emergency department (ED) visits [2]. In the early stages, the inflammatory process remains confined to the appendix itself, but as the condition progresses, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as peritonitis, necrosis, and perforation. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for preventing complications and reducing unnecessary surgical interventions [3].

The diagnostic process for AA involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging modalities such as ultrasonography or contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans [4]. Although imaging techniques have high sensitivity and specificity, their limitations, including high cost, limited accessibility, and radiation exposure, have increased interest in biochemical marker-based diagnostic approaches in emergency settings [5]. AA may present with atypical symptoms in the early stages, leading to diagnostic uncertainty and potential mismanagement. Thus, identifying more reliable and rapid diagnostic biomarkers holds significant clinical value [6]. In recent years, studies have explored the diagnostic value of novel inflammatory biomarkers, including delta neutrophil index (DNI); C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR); procalcitonin (PCT); immature granulocyte count (IGc); and hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet score (HALPs), beyond traditional markers such as leukocytes and neutrophils. Each of these biomarkers provides insight into different stages of the inflammatory cascade [7–11]. A literature review revealed that most studies investigating these five biomarkers in AA were designed retrospectively. However, no comprehensive prospective study has evaluated their diagnostic accuracy as a whole or compared their predictive performance systematically.

To address this gap, the present study aims to provide a broad-spectrum analysis of these five inflammatory biomarkers, assess their sensitivity and specificity in predicting AA, and determine the most reliable biomarker for early and accurate diagnosis in clinical practice.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Study design

This single-center, prospective, cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study was conducted in the ED of a tertiary university hospital, which evaluates approximately 520,000 patients annually. Patient enrollment began after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee. The study was conducted between February 9, 2024 and September 19, 2024. Throughout the study, all procedures adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

The patient group consisted of individuals who presented to the ED with clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings suggestive of AA and subsequently underwent appendectomy. Additionally, the diagnosis of AA was confirmed postoperatively through histopathological examination. The control group comprised healthy volunteers who met the inclusion criteria and exhibited no clinical symptoms related to AA. These individuals were selected to ensure no statistically significant differences in age and sex compared to the patient group. Both groups were provided with detailed information about the study, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

2.2 Study population

The study population consisted of two main groups: patients with AA and healthy individuals. The AA group was further subdivided into complicated (CA) and non-complicated (NCA) cases based on histopathological findings.

The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the patient and control groups were as follows: individuals younger than 18 years, pregnant women, those with a history of surgery within the past 6 months, patients with diabetes, acute liver failure, acute renal failure, hematologic disorders, malignancy or metastasis, immunodeficiency, or a history of immunosuppressive drug use were excluded. Additionally, individuals who had used antibiotics within the week prior to admission or withdrew their consent during the study were not included.

2.3 Study protocol

Patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain that had started within the past 24 h and exhibiting clinical and physical examination findings consistent with AA (localized right lower quadrant pain, guarding, rebound tenderness, nausea, vomiting, etc.) were informed about the study. Blood samples were collected from patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. Hematological parameters were measured using the Sysmex XN-1000 (Kobe, Japan) device with fluorescent flow cytometry. C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels were analyzed via spectrophotometry using the Roche Cobas c701 (Kobe, Japan) system, while serum PCT levels (ng/mL) were determined via electrochemiluminescence using the Roche Cobas E801 (Kobe, Japan) device. The coefficient of variation and quality control data for hemogram parameters, as well as the intra-laboratory repeatability and manufacturer-reported precision data for CRP, albumin, and PCT tests, are presented in Supplementary materials 1 and 2.

The following inflammatory biomarkers were calculated: DNI [(%neutrophil + %eosinophil) − (%polymorphoneutrophil (IG)], CRP (mg/L)/albumin (g/L) ratio [CAR], IGc (µL), and HALPs [(hemoglobin (g/L) × albumin (g/L) × lymphocyte (103/mcL))/platelet (103/mcL)]. Data collection forms recorded demographic variables such as age and sex, vital signs, and Alvarado score calculations. The Alvarado scoring system is presented in Supplementary material 3 [12].

Patients scoring ≥5 on the Alvarado scale were classified as medium-to-high risk for AA and underwent radiological evaluation, including ultrasonography and/or contrast-enhanced abdominal CT, provided they had no contraindications (e.g., history of contrast allergy, abnormal renal function). Patients with radiologic findings suggestive of appendicitis (e.g., anteroposterior appendix diameter ≥6 mm, absence of luminal air, etc.) were admitted to the surgical ward following evaluation by an experienced general surgeon. Patients with scores <5 were assessed jointly by an emergency medicine specialist and a general surgeon; those with persistent suspicion of AA were admitted for further observation, additional testing, and treatment.

Following hospitalization, appendectomy specimens were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4 µm thickness, stained with hematoxylin–eosin, and examined under a light microscope. Patients with inflammation confined to the appendix tissue were classified as NCA, whereas those exhibiting periapendiceal fat inflammation, peritonitis, necrosis, gangrenous appendicitis, or perforation were classified as having CA. Anatomical localization of the appendix (e.g., retrocecal, pelvic, subcecal) was also recorded intraoperatively.

The control group consisted of healthy individuals who met the inclusion criteria and voluntarily participated. Blood samples were collected from control subjects, and the same biomarker measurements and calculations were performed. The biomarker levels were compared between the AA and control groups, as well as between the CA and NCA subgroups. Furthermore, Alvarado scores were analyzed alongside biomarker levels to assess their predictive accuracy in diagnosing CA.

2.4 Outcome measures

The primary outcome of the study was to identify the biomarker among these five with the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting AA. By doing so, a single biomarker would stand out, providing researchers with a valuable dataset for future studies. The secondary outcome was to determine the biomarker that demonstrated superior predictive value for CA in subgroup analyses.

2.5 Data analysis

Statistical analyses were performed using the Jamovi software package (Jamovi Project, version 1.6, https://www.jamovi.org) and SPSS v.27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Normality of data distribution was assessed using both visual (histogram, stem-and-leaf plots, scatter plots, and box plots) and analytical methods (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, skewness, and kurtosis). Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, and results were reported as median and interquartile range (IQR: 25–75). Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, with results presented as frequencies and percentages.

To evaluate the diagnostic and subgroup performance of DNI, CAR, PCT, IGc, and HALPs in predicting AA, as well as the Alvarado score in subgroup analyses, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. Cut-off values in the ROC curve analysis were determined using the Youden index. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative likelihood ratio (−LR) were calculated for the optimal cut-off points of these parameters. Patients with appendicitis were categorized into two groups (low and high) based on the median value of their DNI results. The potential role of DNI as an independent predictor of CA was assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio value was calculated, and differences were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant (Type 1 error threshold).

2.6 Sample size

Since there are no similar studies comparing five different inflammation-related biomarkers in predicting appendicitis diagnosis, a sample size of 140 individuals was determined to be necessary to achieve 80% power with an effect size of 0.5, considering a 10% margin of error. This calculation was performed using the G-Power 3.1.9.7 software (Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf). The total sample size of this study consists of 200 individuals.

  1. Informed consent: The informed consent form was read and explained to both the patient and the control group. After obtaining their signed consent forms, they were included in the study.

  2. Ethical approval: In order to carry out this research, approval was obtained from the non-interventional ethics committee Nigde Omer Halisdemir University with the letter numbered No.: 2024/14, Date: 08.02.2024.

3 Results

A total of 200 individuals aged between 18 and 77 years were included in the study, comprising 100 patients with AA and 100 control subjects. The median age of the AA group was 35 years (IQR: 25.25–50), while that of the control group was 31 years (IQR: 25–40). Males accounted for 58% of the AA group and 70% of the control group.

In addition to the five targeted inflammatory biomarkers, routine emergency laboratory parameters – including leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, glucose, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase – were also compared between the appendicitis and control groups. These results are presented in Supplementary material 4.

In the AA group, DNI, CAR, PCT, and IGc levels were significantly higher compared to the control group, whereas the HALPs was significantly lower (p < 0.05). In the appendicitis subgroup analysis, 54 patients had NCA, while 46 had CA. The CA group exhibited significantly higher DNI and Alvarado scores (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two subgroups in terms of CAR, PCT, IGc, or HALPs (p > 0.05) (Table 1). Appendix positions included pelvic (33%), retrocecal (23%), paraileal (23%), and paracecal (21%). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between anatomical subgroups in terms of the five evaluated biomarkers (p > 0.05 for all).

Table 1

Comparison of biomarkers according to control-AA groups and appendicitis subgroups

Control (n = 100) AA (n = 100) p value NCA (n = 54) CA (n = 46) p value
DNI 59.48 (54.69–64.32) 77.30 (66.97–83.44) <0.001 74.54 (64.16–80.95) 81.59 (72.20–88.60) <0.001
CAR 0.021 (0.013–0.054) 0.32 (0.07–1.6) <0.001 0.20 (0.02–1.12) 0.36 (0.13–1.73) 0.075
PCT 0.03 (0.02–0.05) 0.083 (0.052–0.229) <0.001 0.07 (0.03–0.23) 0.08 (0.05–0.22) 0.226
IGc 0.01 (0.01–0.02) 0.03 (0.01–0.04) <0.001 0.02 (0.01–0.03) 0.03 (0.02–0.04) 0.089
HALPs 6.11 ( 4.64–7.76) 4.81 (3.04–6.80) 0.002 4.85 (3.19–6.84) 4.54 (2.6–6.78) 0.623
Alvarado score 6 (5–8) 8 (7–8) 0.027

DNI: delta neutrophil index, CAR: C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, PCT: procalcitonin, IGc: immature granulocyte count, HALP: hemoglobin albumin lymphocyte platelet score, IQR: interquartile range, AA: acute appendicitis, CA: complicated appendicitis, NCA: non-complicated appendicitis; biomarkers and the Alvarado score are presented as median (IQR: 25–75). Bold values denote statistically significant results (p < 0.05).

According to ROC analysis results; DNI demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy in predicting AA. At a cut-off value of 71.88, DNI had a specificity of 92% and a sensitivity of 69% for AA. CAR and PCT exhibited similar performance. However, IGc and the HALPs demonstrated lower diagnostic accuracy. In predicting CA, DNI showed a higher diagnostic performance than the Alvarado score. At a cut-off value of 83.44, DNI had a specificity of 90% and a sensitivity of 43% for CA (Table 2, Figures 1 and 2).

Table 2

ROC analysis results

AUC 95% CI Youden index Cut-off Sensitivity Specificity +LR −LR p value
Control-AA groups
DNI 0.870 0.821–0.919 0.61 71.88 0.69 0.92 8.62 0.33 <0.01
CAR 0.853 0.800–0.907 0.62 0.081 0.75 0.87 5.76 0.28 <0.01
PCT 0.852 0.799–0.905 0.64 0.05 0.78 0.86 5.57 0.25 <0.01
IGc 0.695 0.621–0.769 0.38 0.025 0.55 0.83 3.23 0.54 <0.01
HALPs 0.627 0.549–0.706 0.25 0.246 0.41 0.84 2.56 0.70 0.02
NCA-CA
DNI 0.698 0.590–0.800 0.342 83.44 0.43 0.90 4.67 0.62 <0.001
Alvarado score 0.626 0.510–0.730 0.282 7.5 0.65 0.63 1.76 0.55 0.03

ROC: receiver operating characteristic, AUC: area under the curve, CI: confidence interval, LR: likelihood ratio, AA: acute appendicitis, CA: complicated appendicitis, NCA: non-complicated appendicitis, DNI: delta neutrophil index, CAR: C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, PCT: procalcitonin, IGc: immature granulocyte count, HALPs: hemoglobin albumin lymphocyte platelet score.

Figure 1 Predicting acute appendicitis.
Figure 1

Predicting acute appendicitis.

Figure 2 Predicting complicated appendicitis.
Figure 2

Predicting complicated appendicitis.

Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that DNI was an independent predictor of CA. The likelihood of predicting CA significantly increased at DNI values of ≥77.3 (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.40–7.24, p = 0.006).

4 Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluating DNI, CAR, PCT, IGc, and HALPs collectively in the diagnostic process of AA in the ED and in appendicitis subgroup analysis. Among these biomarkers, DNI demonstrated the best performance in diagnosing AA. While CAR and PCT exhibited good performance with similar AUC values, IGc and HALPs showed moderate diagnostic accuracy. In predicting CA, only DNI was identified as an independent predictor at a clinically usable level.

The fundamental pathophysiology of appendicitis is based on the local and systemic inflammatory response triggered by the immune system following mechanical obstruction [13]. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to reach the site of inflammation, and in cases of AA, neutrophil-dominant infiltration is observed in the muscularis propria layer [14]. It has also been shown that before neutrophil infiltration, an eosinophilic infiltration occurs in the muscularis propria during the early inflammatory phase [15]. DNI is an indicator of immature neutrophils, calculated by subtracting the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from the total percentage of circulating neutrophils and eosinophils. The elevated DNI levels observed in AA can be explained by the increased activity of myeloid progenitor cells during the acute inflammatory response [7,16]. Previous studies support the utility of DNI in diagnosing AA. Shin et al. [17] reported that DNI is a valuable parameter for predicting both AA and CA among patients who underwent surgical intervention. Similarly, Dinc et al. [18], in a retrospective analysis, classified patients into simple and CA groups based on post-appendectomy histopathological findings and demonstrated that DNI is a significant marker for predicting CA. Our findings positively align with the existing literature regarding DNI. It outperformed the other four biomarkers in both the diagnostic process of AA and in predicting CA.

During the acute inflammatory phase of appendicitis, the positive acute-phase protein CRP increases, while the negative acute-phase protein albumin decreases. In the presence of high inflammation, the CAR becomes a more specific and reliable marker compared to using these two inflammatory predictors individually [19]. Akbas et al. [20] reported that CAR is a useful indicator for diagnosing AA in pregnant patients, a group in which the diagnostic and surgical decision-making process is particularly challenging. Some studies have also suggested that CAR may serve as a predictor of CA [19,21]. However, in this study, while CAR demonstrated relatively high performance in diagnosing AA, it did not yield the expected results in the appendicitis subgroup analysis.

PCT is a precursor of the hormone calcitonin, produced by thyroid parafollicular cells. Its levels increase in bacterial infections due to the effects of endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides, and inflammatory mediators, while they decrease in viral infections [22]. Most studies in the literature have investigated PCT in distinguishing CA from NCA and analyzing the subgroups of CA. These studies have reported significantly elevated PCT levels, particularly in the presence of gangrenous, necrotic, and perforated appendicitis [9]. However, Motie et al. [23] recommended against the use of PCT in the diagnostic process of AA. In contrast to previous literature, we identified PCT as an important biomarker for diagnosing AA, demonstrating a similar AUC level to CAR. Although PCT levels were higher in patients with CA compared to NCA cases, this difference was not statistically significant.

Immature granulocytes are premature granulocytes (promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes) released into the bloodstream from the bone marrow in response to inflammation. They are neutrophil precursors that emerge earlier than neutrophil band forms. With the advancement of next-generation hematology analyzers, IGc can now be easily measured through a complete blood count test [24]. There are only a few studies investigating the relationship between IGc and AA [10,25]. These studies have suggested that IGc is a significant marker for predicting both AA and CA but emphasized the need for prospective studies to confirm these findings. According to our data, IGc was useful only in the diagnostic process of AA. While it may aid in diagnosing AA, it is not a reliable marker for distinguishing CA and should not be used alone for this purpose.

The HALP score is a novel marker formulated through the combination of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, and platelets, allowing for an assessment of patients’ systemic inflammation and nutritional status. In the presence of a low HALP score, negative interpretations can be made regarding the severity and complication status of AA [11]. Saridas et al. [26] stated that the HALP score lags behind inflammation-related markers such as the pan-immune inflammation value and the systemic immune inflammation index in predicting CA. According to this study, the HALP score can be used to predict AA; however, it should be noted that it exhibits the lowest performance compared to other markers. It is ineffective in predicting CA.

Despite the promising performance of DNI in predicting both AA and CA, one important limitation must be acknowledged. In our analysis, the sensitivity of DNI in identifying CA was found to be relatively low (43%) at the optimal cut-off value (83.44). This limited sensitivity suggests that a significant proportion of patients with CA might not be detected using this marker alone, potentially leading to underdiagnosis and delayed surgical intervention. While DNI offers high specificity (90%) and thus minimizes false-positive results, its insufficient sensitivity underscores the necessity of combining it with clinical evaluation and other diagnostic tools in practice. Therefore, DNI should not be used in isolation for ruling out CA, but rather as a complementary parameter that can enhance diagnostic confidence when interpreted within the broader clinical context.

4.1 Study limitations

The study has certain limitations, such as being a single-center study and the relatively small sample size in the subgroup analysis of CA and NCA. In the future, conducting multicenter studies with larger sample sizes will be important for validating these findings and further refining the role of inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis and classification of AA. Additionally, the relatively low sensitivity of DNI in predicting CA may restrict its standalone diagnostic utility and should be interpreted cautiously in clinical settings.

While the control group was composed of healthy individuals – a standard approach in biomarker accuracy studies – we acknowledge that this may not fully reflect the complex diagnostic landscape of the ED. This should be taken into account when interpreting the clinical applicability of our findings. Future studies comparing appendicitis patients with other common mimicking conditions may help validate and refine our findings.

5 Conclusion

This prospective cross-sectional study provides a comprehensive evaluation of five different inflammatory biomarkers (DNI, CAR, PCT, IGc, and HALPs) in the diagnosis and subgroup analysis of AA. Among these biomarkers, DNI demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy, making it the most reliable parameter for predicting AA. Furthermore, DNI outperformed other biomarkers and even the Alvarado scoring system in diagnostic performance, establishing itself as an independent marker for CA. This study highlights the clinical value of DNI, suggesting that it can contribute to the early and accurate diagnosis of AA and help reduce unnecessary surgical interventions.

  1. Funding information: Authors state no funding involved.

  2. Author contributions: Mustafa Oguz Cumaoglu: study concept and design, methodology, writing – original draft, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, conceptualization. Durmus Ayan: writing – original draft, methodology, formal analysis, data curation, validation, conceptualization. Abdussamed Vural: writing – original draft, investigation, data curation, writing – review & editing, formal analysis, supervision, Turgut Dolanbay: writing – review & editing, supervision. Caner Ozbey: writing – original draft, formal analysis, validation, investigation. Abdul Ridvan Kulu: writing – review & editing, supervision.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available. Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

References

[1] Radhakrishna V, Patil S, Patil R. Evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia as an innovative diagnostic marker for acute appendicitis and its role in the prediction of appendicular perforation. Int Surg J. 2017;4(5):1662. 10.18203/2349-2902.isj20171639.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Di Saverio S, Podda M, De Simone B, Ceresoli M, Augustin G, Gori A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15(1):27. 10.1186/s13017-020-00306-3.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[3] Bhangu A, Søreide K, Di Saverio S, Assarsson JH, Drake FT. Acute appendicitis: modern understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 2015;386(10000):1278–87. 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00275-5.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[4] Moris D, Paulson EK, Pappas TN. Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults: a review. JAMA. 2021;326(22):2299–311. 10.1001/jama.2021.20502.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[5] Eng KA, Abadeh A, Ligocki C, Lee YK, Moineddin R, Adams-Webber T, et al. Acute appendicitis: a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, and MRI as second-line imaging tests after an initial US. Radiology. 2018;288(3):717–27. 10.1148/radiol.2018180318.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Torun M, Subaşı İE, Özbay DK, Özbay MA, Özdemir H. Utilizing non-invasive biomarkers for early and accurate differentiation of uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis: a retrospective cohort analysis. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):6177. 10.1038/s41598-025-90591-2.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[7] Birben B, Akkurt G, Akın T, Surel AA, Tez M. Predictive efficacy of delta neutrophil index in diagnosis of acute and complicated appendicitis. Cureus. 2021;13(4):e14748. 10.7759/cureus.14748.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[8] Afzal B, Cirocchi R, Dawani A, Desiderio J, Di Cintio A, Di Nardo D, et al. Is it possible to predict the severity of acute appendicitis? Reliability of predictive models based on easily available blood variables. World J Emerg Surg. 2023;18(1):10. 10.1186/s13017-023-00478-8.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[9] Dale L. The use of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a systematic review. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30292. 10.7759/cureus.30292.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[10] Ünal Y. A new and early marker in the diagnosis of acute complicated appendicitis: immature granulocytes. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2018;24(5):434–9. 10.5505/tjtes.2018.91661.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Benli S, Tazeoğlu D. The efficacy of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, and platelets (HALP) score in signifying acute appendicitis severity and postoperative outcomes. Updates Surg. 2023;75(5):1197–202. 10.1007/s13304-023-01513-8.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/617/alvarado-score-acute-appendicitis#evidence/;2025 [accessed 18 March 2025].Search in Google Scholar

[13] Carvalho N, Barros A, Coelho HO, Moita CF, Neves-Costa A, Pedroso D, et al. A Th2 cytokine profile in appendicular lavage fluid suggests allergy as a possible etiology for acute appendicitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2019;2019:8146257. 10.1155/2019/8146257.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[14] Prasetya D, Rochadi, G. Accuracy of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio for diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children: a diagnostic study. Ann Med Surg. 2019;48:35–8. 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.10.013.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[15] Priya P, Giriyan SS. Study of mast cell and eosinophil count in surgically resected appendix. Tropical J Pathol Microbiol 2019;5(9):728–34. 10.17511/jopm.2019.i09.18.Search in Google Scholar

[16] Hwang YJ, Chung SP, Park YS, Chung HS, Lee HS, Park JW, et al. Newly designed delta neutrophil index-to-serum albumin ratio prognosis of early mortality in severe sepsis. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33(11):1577–82. 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.012.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[17] Shin DH, Cho YS, Cho GC, Ahn HC, Park SM, Lim SW, et al. Delta neutrophil index as an early predictor of acute appendicitis and acute complicated appendicitis in adults. World J Emerg Surg. 2017;12:32. 10.1186/s13017-017-0140-7.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[18] Dinc T, Sapmaz A, Erkus Y, Yavuz Z. Complicated or non-complicated appendicitis? That is the question. Turkish J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;28(3):390–4. 10.14744/tjtes.2021.56244.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[19] Hou J, Feng W, Liu W, Hou J, Die X, Sun J, et al. The use of the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin for the diagnosis of complicated appendicitis in children. Am J Emerg Med. 2022;52:148–54. 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.12.007.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Akbas A, Aydın Kasap Z, Hacim NA, Tokocin M, Altinel Y, Yigitbas H, et al. The value of inflammatory markers in diagnosing acute appendicitis in pregnant patients. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2020;26(5):769–76. 10.14744/tjtes.2020.03456.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[21] Zengin A, Bag YM, Ogut MZ, Saglam K. The role of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and prognostic nutritional index in the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis. Turk J Surg. 2024;40(1):54-8. 10.47717/turkjsurg.2024.630.Search in Google Scholar

[22] Davies J. Procalcitonin. J Clin Pathol. 2015;68:675–9. 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202807.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[23] Motie MR, Soleimani A, Soltani A, Hashemy SI. Serum procalcitonin and lactoferrin in detection of acute appendicitis; a diagnostic accuracy study. Emergency. 2018;6(1):e51. PMID: 30584567.Search in Google Scholar

[24] Prabu NR, Patil VP. Is immature granulocyte count a potential prognostic marker for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding? A new road to explore. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2020;24(9):750–2. 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23606.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[25] Turkes GF, Unsal A, Bulus H. Predictive value of immature granulocyte in the diagnosis of acute complicated appendicitis. PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0279316. 10.1371/journal.pone.0279316.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[26] Saridas A, Vural N, Duyan M, Guven HC, Ertas E, Cander B. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis. Open Med. 2024;19(1):20241002. 10.1515/med-2024-1002.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2025-04-02
Revised: 2025-08-03
Accepted: 2025-09-18
Published Online: 2025-10-16

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Network pharmacological analysis and in vitro testing of the rutin effects on triple-negative breast cancer
  3. Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study
  4. Knockdown of CCNB1 alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast dysfunction during gestational diabetes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  5. Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients
  6. Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with Fonsecaea monophora based on single-cell sequencing
  7. Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor
  8. CMSP exerts anti-tumor effects on small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis
  9. Predictive value of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 in pediatric refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
  10. Antiangiogenic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata extracts and molecular docking study by targeting VEGFR-2 pathway
  11. Comparison of the effectiveness of nurse-led preoperative counseling and postoperative follow-up care vs standard care for patients with gastric cancer
  12. Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis
  13. Adhered macrophages as an additional marker of cardiomyocyte injury in biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
  14. Association between statin administration and outcome in patients with sepsis: A retrospective study
  15. Exploration of the association between estimated glucose disposal rate and osteoarthritis in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018
  16. A comparative analysis of the binary and multiclass classified chest X-ray images of pneumonia and COVID-19 with ML and DL models
  17. Lysophosphatidic acid 2 alleviates deep vein thrombosis via protective endothelial barrier function
  18. Transcription factor A, mitochondrial promotes lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma
  19. Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
  20. Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study
  21. Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome
  22. The first-line antihypertensive nitrendipine potentiated the therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin by downregulating CACNA1D in colorectal cancer
  23. Health literacy and health-related quality of life: The mediating role of irrational happiness
  24. Modulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on bone cell dynamics in osteoporosis
  25. Mechanism research on inhibition of gastric cancer in vitro by the extract of Pinellia ternata based on network pharmacology and cellular metabolomics
  26. Examination of the causal role of immune cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  27. Clinical analysis of ten cases of HIV infection combined with acute leukemia
  28. Investigating the cardioprotective potential of quercetin against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: A mechanistic insights
  29. Clinical observation of probiotics combined with mesalazine and Yiyi Baitouweng Decoction retention enema in treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
  30. Diagnostic value of ratio of blood inflammation to coagulation markers in periprosthetic joint infection
  31. Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
  32. Core muscle strength and stability-oriented breathing training reduces inter-recti distance in postpartum women
  33. The ERAS nursing care strategy for patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection: A randomized blinded controlled trial
  34. The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis
  35. Impact of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based nursing on caregiver burden and psychological state of caregivers of dementia patients
  36. Analysis of serum NLR combined with intraoperative margin condition to predict the prognosis of cervical HSIL patients undergoing LEEP surgery
  37. Commiphora gileadensis ameliorate infertility and erectile dysfunction in diabetic male mice
  38. The correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition classification and MMP2 expression of circulating tumor cells and prognosis of advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  39. Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis in vitro by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway
  40. A cross-sectional study: Relationship between serum oxidative stress levels and arteriovenous fistula maturation in maintenance dialysis patients
  41. A comparative analysis of the impact of repeated administration of flavan 3-ol on brown, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue
  42. Identifying early screening factors for depression in middle-aged and older adults: A cohort study
  43. Perform tumor-specific survival analysis for Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection based on the SEER database by constructing a nomogram chart
  44. Unveiling the role of CXCL10 in pancreatic cancer progression: A novel prognostic indicator
  45. High-dose preoperative intraperitoneal erythropoietin and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries following decompression surgeries
  46. RAB39B: A novel biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia identified via multi-omics and functional validation
  47. Impact of peripheral conditioning on reperfusion injury following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic STEMI patients
  48. Clinical efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of middle- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly patients: A retrospective study
  49. The effect of ambulatory blood pressure load on mitral regurgitation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
  50. Expression and clinical significance of ITGA3 in breast cancer
  51. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals ARHGAP28 expression of podocytes as a biomarker in human diabetic nephropathy
  52. rSIG combined with NLR in the prognostic assessment of patients with multiple injuries
  53. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake
  54. Exploring causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and marginal zone lymphoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  55. Gender beliefs and legitimization of dating violence in adolescents
  56. Effect of serum IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 levels on the efficacy of modified preperitoneal Kugel repair in patients with inguinal hernia
  57. Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
  58. Pathogen surveillance and risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective single-center study
  59. Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
  60. Celastrol suppresses neovascularization in rat aortic vascular endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory tenocytes via modulating the NLRP3 pathway
  61. Cord-lamina angle and foraminal diameter as key predictors of C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery
  62. GATA1: A key biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  63. Influencing factors of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection: A single-center retrospective study
  64. MZB1 regulates the immune microenvironment and inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration
  65. Integrating experimental and network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Dioscin against glioblastoma
  66. Trends in research on preterm birth in twin pregnancy based on bibliometrics
  67. Four-week IgE/baseline IgE ratio combined with tryptase predicts clinical outcome in omalizumab-treated children with moderate-to-severe asthma
  68. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies a stress response Schwann cell subtype
  69. Acute pancreatitis risk in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease: A critical focus
  70. Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
  71. Interleukin-37 mediates the anti-oral tumor activity in oral cancer through STAT3
  72. CA199 and CEA expression levels, and minimally invasive postoperative prognosis analysis in esophageal squamous carcinoma patients
  73. Efficacy of a novel drainage catheter in the treatment of CSF leak after posterior spine surgery: A retrospective cohort study
  74. Comprehensive biomedicine assessment of Apteranthes tuberculata extracts: Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted pharmacological evaluation in animal models
  75. Relation of time in range to severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  76. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina
  77. Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture
  78. Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
  79. Mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  80. The law on oncological oblivion in the Italian and European context: How to best uphold the cancer patients’ rights to privacy and self-determination?
  81. The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prognostic nutritional index for survival in patients with colorectal cancer
  82. Factors affecting the measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation values in healthy young adults
  83. Comparison and correlations between findings of hysteroscopy and vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography for detection of uterine abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure
  84. The effects of different types of RAGT on balance function in stroke patients with low levels of independent walking in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital
  85. Causal relationship between asthma and ankylosing spondylitis: A bidirectional two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  86. Correlations of health literacy with individuals’ understanding and use of medications in Southern Taiwan
  87. Correlation of serum calprotectin with outcome of acute cerebral infarction
  88. Comparison of computed tomography and guided bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  89. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis via the regulation of DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation
  90. The identification of novel missense variant in ChAT gene in a patient with gestational diabetes denotes plausible genetic association
  91. Molecular genotyping of multi-system rare blood types in foreign blood donors based on DNA sequencing and its clinical significance
  92. Exploring the role of succinyl carnitine in the association between CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Dexmedetomidine suppresses microglial activation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the mmu-miRNA-125/TRAF6 signaling axis
  94. Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure
  95. Diagnostic value of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
  96. Pachymaran alleviates fat accumulation, hepatocyte degeneration, and injury in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  97. Decrease in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are predictors of severe clinical picture and unfavorable outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19
  98. METTL3 blocked the progression of diabetic retinopathy through m6A-modified SOX2
  99. The predictive significance of anti-RO-52 antibody in patients with interstitial pneumonia after treatment of malignant tumors
  100. Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization
  101. Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of ocular sarcoidosis based on autophagy-related gene analysis
  102. Widespread venous thrombosis: Unveiling a complex case of Behçet’s disease with a literature perspective
  103. Uterine fibroid embolization: An analysis of clinical outcomes and impact on patients’ quality of life
  104. Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
  105. Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer
  106. Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound–MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block
  107. Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway
  108. Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation
  109. Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  110. Cell-free adipose extract inhibits hypertrophic scar formation through collagen remodeling and antiangiogenesis
  111. HALP score in Demodex blepharitis: A case–control study
  112. Assessment of SOX2 performance as a marker for circulating cancer stem-like cells (CCSCs) identification in advanced breast cancer patients using CytoTrack system
  113. Risk and prognosis for brain metastasis in primary metastatic cervical cancer patients: A population-based study
  114. Comparison of the two intestinal anastomosis methods in pediatric patients
  115. Factors influencing hematological toxicity and adverse effects of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  116. Endotoxin tolerance inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of septic mice by restoring autophagic flux through TRIM26
  117. Lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A single-centre experience of 21 procedures
  118. Petunidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal microglia inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy by targeting OGT/NF-κB/LCN2 axis
  119. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute cholecystitis
  120. Factors determining the number of sessions in successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients
  121. Development of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with renal pelvic cancer following surgery
  122. Inhibition of ATG7 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by regulating the RANKL/OPG ratio under compression force
  123. A machine learning-based prognostic model integrating mRNA stemness index, hypoxia, and glycolysis‑related biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  124. Glutathione attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via dual modulation of NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathways
  125. FAHD1 prevents neuronal ferroptosis by modulating R-loop and the cGAS–STING pathway
  126. Association of placenta weight and morphology with term low birth weight: A case–control study
  127. Investigation of the pathogenic variants induced Sjogren’s syndrome in Turkish population
  128. Nucleotide metabolic abnormalities in post-COVID-19 condition and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their association with endocrine dysfunction
  129. TGF-β–Smad2/3 signaling in high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in rats: Role and mechanisms via macrophage M2 polarization
  130. Ultrasound-guided unilateral versus bilateral erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
  131. Profiling gut microbiome dynamics in subacute thyroiditis: Implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
  132. Delta neutrophil index, CRP/albumin ratio, procalcitonin, immature granulocytes, and HALP score in acute appendicitis: Best performing biomarker?
  133. Anticancer activity mechanism of novelly synthesized and characterized benzofuran ring-linked 3-nitrophenyl chalcone derivative on colon cancer cells
  134. H2valdien3 arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer
  135. Prognostic relevance of PRSS2 and its immune correlates in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  136. Association of SGLT2 inhibition with psychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization study
  137. Motivational interviewing for alcohol use reduction in Thai patients
  138. Luteolin alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuron injury by regulating NLRP3/IL-1β signaling
  139. Polyphyllin II inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth by simultaneously inhibiting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
  140. Relationship between the expression of copper death promoting factor SLC31A1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and clinicopathological indicators and prognosis
  141. CSF2 polarized neutrophils and invaded renal cancer cells in vitro influence
  142. Proton pump inhibitors-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic literature analysis of case reports
  143. The current status and influence factors of research ability among community nurses: A sequential qualitative–quantitative study
  144. OKAIN: A comprehensive oncology knowledge base for the interpretation of clinically actionable alterations
  145. The relationship between serum CA50, CA242, and SAA levels and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer
  146. Identification and external validation of a prognostic signature based on hypoxia–glycolysis-related genes for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
  147. Engineered RBC-derived nanovesicles functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands: A comparative study on breast cancer targeting efficiency and biocompatibility
  148. Relationship of resting echocardiography combined with serum micronutrients to the severity of low-gradient severe aortic stenosis
  149. Effect of vibration on pain during subcutaneous heparin injection: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  150. The diagnostic performance of machine learning-based FFRCT for coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis
  151. Comparing biofeedback device vs diaphragmatic breathing for bloating relief: A randomized controlled trial
  152. Serum uric acid to albumin ratio and C-reactive protein as predictive biomarkers for chronic total occlusion and coronary collateral circulation quality
  153. Multiple organ scoring systems for predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients in the intensive care unit
  154. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis of the inner ear in gentamicin-treated mice via intraperitoneal injection
  155. Suppression of cathepsin B attenuates myocardial injury via limiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis
  156. Influence of sevoflurane combined with propofol anesthesia on the anesthesia effect and adverse reactions in children with acute appendicitis
  157. Review Articles
  158. The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review
  159. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
  160. Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
  161. Review of mechanisms and frontier applications in IL-17A-induced hypertension
  162. Research progress on the correlation between islet amyloid peptides and type 2 diabetes mellitus
  163. The safety and efficacy of BCG combined with mitomycin C compared with BCG monotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  164. The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review
  165. The effect of Greek mountain tea extract and wheat germ extract on peripheral blood flow and eicosanoid metabolism in mammals
  166. Neurogasobiology of migraine: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as emerging pathophysiological trinacrium relevant to nociception regulation
  167. Plant polyphenols, terpenes, and terpenoids in oral health
  168. Laboratory medicine between technological innovation, rights safeguarding, and patient safety: A bioethical perspective
  169. End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe
  170. The maternal factors during pregnancy for intrauterine growth retardation: An umbrella review
  171. Intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome of pediatric patients in critical care settings
  172. PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  173. Screening of Group B Streptococcus in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection
  174. Giant borderline ovarian tumours – review of the literature
  175. Leveraging artificial intelligence for collaborative care planning: Innovations and impacts in shared decision-making – A systematic review
  176. Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic
  177. Risk factors of frailty/sarcopenia in community older adults: Meta-analysis
  178. Supplement strategies for infertility in overweight women: Evidence and legal insights
  179. Scurvy, a not obsolete disorder: Clinical report in eight young children and literature review
  180. A meta-analysis of the effects of DBS on cognitive function in patients with advanced PD
  181. Protective role of selenium in sepsis: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies
  182. Strategies for hyperkalemia management in dialysis patients: A systematic review
  183. C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in peripheral artery disease
  184. Case Reports
  185. Delayed graft function after renal transplantation
  186. Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
  187. Diverse electrophysiological demyelinating features in a late-onset glycogen storage disease type IIIa case
  188. Giant right atrial hemangioma presenting with ascites: A case report
  189. Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report
  190. EsoFLIP-assisted dilation for dysphagia in systemic sclerosis: Highlighting the role of multimodal esophageal evaluation
  191. Molecular hydrogen-rhodiola as an adjuvant therapy for ischemic stroke in internal carotid artery occlusion: A case report
  192. Coronary artery anomalies: A case of the “malignant” left coronary artery and its surgical management
  193. Rapid Communication
  194. Biological properties of valve materials using RGD and EC
  195. A single oral administration of flavanols enhances short-term memory in mice along with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  196. Letter to the Editor
  197. Role of enhanced external counterpulsation in long COVID
  198. Expression of Concern
  199. Expression of concern “A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma”
  200. Expression of concern “Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway”
  201. Expression of concern “circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8”
  202. Corrigendum
  203. Corrigendum to “Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism”
  204. Corrigendum to “Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis”
  205. Corrigendum to “The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges”
  206. Retraction
  207. Retraction of “miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway”
  208. Retraction of: “LncRNA CASC15 inhibition relieves renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through downregulating SP-A by sponging to miR-424”
  209. Retraction of: “SCARA5 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma via inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways”
  210. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part II
  211. Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
  212. Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells
  213. The era of increasing cancer survivorship: Trends in fertility preservation, medico-legal implications, and ethical challenges
  214. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ
  215. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
  216. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part IV
  217. Exploration of mRNA-modifying METTL3 oncogene as momentous prognostic biomarker responsible for colorectal cancer development
  218. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part III
  219. Interaction and verification of ferroptosis-related RNAs Rela and Stat3 in promoting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
  220. The mRNA MOXD1: Link to oxidative stress and prognostic significance in gastric cancer
  221. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part II
  222. Dynamic changes in lactate-related genes in microglia and their role in immune cell interactions after ischemic stroke
  223. A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing’s sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis
  224. Red cell distribution width predicts early kidney injury: A NHANES cross-sectional study
  225. Special Issue Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiology, complications & treatment
  226. Nutritional risk assessment and nutritional support in children with congenital diabetes during surgery
  227. Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang
  228. A discussion on the application of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography in the research of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
  229. A review of brain research on T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction
  230. Metformin and estrogen modulation in LABC with T2DM: A 36-month randomized trial
  231. Special Issue Innovative Biomarker Discovery and Precision Medicine in Cancer Diagnostics
  232. CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2025-1308
Keywords for this article
acute appendicitis; delta neutrophil index; diagnosis; emergency department; inflammatory biomarker
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Network pharmacological analysis and in vitro testing of the rutin effects on triple-negative breast cancer
  3. Impact of diabetes on long-term survival in elderly liver cancer patients: A retrospective study
  4. Knockdown of CCNB1 alleviates high glucose-triggered trophoblast dysfunction during gestational diabetes via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  5. Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients
  6. Analysis of the effect of ALA-PDT on macrophages in footpad model of mice infected with Fonsecaea monophora based on single-cell sequencing
  7. Development and validation of headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector method for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor
  8. CMSP exerts anti-tumor effects on small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis
  9. Predictive value of plasma sB7-H3 and YKL-40 in pediatric refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
  10. Antiangiogenic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata extracts and molecular docking study by targeting VEGFR-2 pathway
  11. Comparison of the effectiveness of nurse-led preoperative counseling and postoperative follow-up care vs standard care for patients with gastric cancer
  12. Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis
  13. Adhered macrophages as an additional marker of cardiomyocyte injury in biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
  14. Association between statin administration and outcome in patients with sepsis: A retrospective study
  15. Exploration of the association between estimated glucose disposal rate and osteoarthritis in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018
  16. A comparative analysis of the binary and multiclass classified chest X-ray images of pneumonia and COVID-19 with ML and DL models
  17. Lysophosphatidic acid 2 alleviates deep vein thrombosis via protective endothelial barrier function
  18. Transcription factor A, mitochondrial promotes lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma
  19. Serum PM20D1 levels are associated with nutritional status and inflammatory factors in gastric cancer patients undergoing early enteral nutrition
  20. Hydromorphone reduced the incidence of emergence agitation after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, double-blind study
  21. Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome
  22. The first-line antihypertensive nitrendipine potentiated the therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin by downregulating CACNA1D in colorectal cancer
  23. Health literacy and health-related quality of life: The mediating role of irrational happiness
  24. Modulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on bone cell dynamics in osteoporosis
  25. Mechanism research on inhibition of gastric cancer in vitro by the extract of Pinellia ternata based on network pharmacology and cellular metabolomics
  26. Examination of the causal role of immune cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  27. Clinical analysis of ten cases of HIV infection combined with acute leukemia
  28. Investigating the cardioprotective potential of quercetin against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: A mechanistic insights
  29. Clinical observation of probiotics combined with mesalazine and Yiyi Baitouweng Decoction retention enema in treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
  30. Diagnostic value of ratio of blood inflammation to coagulation markers in periprosthetic joint infection
  31. Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
  32. Core muscle strength and stability-oriented breathing training reduces inter-recti distance in postpartum women
  33. The ERAS nursing care strategy for patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection: A randomized blinded controlled trial
  34. The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis
  35. Impact of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based nursing on caregiver burden and psychological state of caregivers of dementia patients
  36. Analysis of serum NLR combined with intraoperative margin condition to predict the prognosis of cervical HSIL patients undergoing LEEP surgery
  37. Commiphora gileadensis ameliorate infertility and erectile dysfunction in diabetic male mice
  38. The correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition classification and MMP2 expression of circulating tumor cells and prognosis of advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  39. Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis in vitro by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway
  40. A cross-sectional study: Relationship between serum oxidative stress levels and arteriovenous fistula maturation in maintenance dialysis patients
  41. A comparative analysis of the impact of repeated administration of flavan 3-ol on brown, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue
  42. Identifying early screening factors for depression in middle-aged and older adults: A cohort study
  43. Perform tumor-specific survival analysis for Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection based on the SEER database by constructing a nomogram chart
  44. Unveiling the role of CXCL10 in pancreatic cancer progression: A novel prognostic indicator
  45. High-dose preoperative intraperitoneal erythropoietin and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries following decompression surgeries
  46. RAB39B: A novel biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia identified via multi-omics and functional validation
  47. Impact of peripheral conditioning on reperfusion injury following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic STEMI patients
  48. Clinical efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of middle- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly patients: A retrospective study
  49. The effect of ambulatory blood pressure load on mitral regurgitation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
  50. Expression and clinical significance of ITGA3 in breast cancer
  51. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals ARHGAP28 expression of podocytes as a biomarker in human diabetic nephropathy
  52. rSIG combined with NLR in the prognostic assessment of patients with multiple injuries
  53. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake
  54. Exploring causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and marginal zone lymphoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  55. Gender beliefs and legitimization of dating violence in adolescents
  56. Effect of serum IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 levels on the efficacy of modified preperitoneal Kugel repair in patients with inguinal hernia
  57. Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
  58. Pathogen surveillance and risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective single-center study
  59. Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
  60. Celastrol suppresses neovascularization in rat aortic vascular endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory tenocytes via modulating the NLRP3 pathway
  61. Cord-lamina angle and foraminal diameter as key predictors of C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery
  62. GATA1: A key biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  63. Influencing factors of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection: A single-center retrospective study
  64. MZB1 regulates the immune microenvironment and inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration
  65. Integrating experimental and network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Dioscin against glioblastoma
  66. Trends in research on preterm birth in twin pregnancy based on bibliometrics
  67. Four-week IgE/baseline IgE ratio combined with tryptase predicts clinical outcome in omalizumab-treated children with moderate-to-severe asthma
  68. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies a stress response Schwann cell subtype
  69. Acute pancreatitis risk in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease: A critical focus
  70. Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
  71. Interleukin-37 mediates the anti-oral tumor activity in oral cancer through STAT3
  72. CA199 and CEA expression levels, and minimally invasive postoperative prognosis analysis in esophageal squamous carcinoma patients
  73. Efficacy of a novel drainage catheter in the treatment of CSF leak after posterior spine surgery: A retrospective cohort study
  74. Comprehensive biomedicine assessment of Apteranthes tuberculata extracts: Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted pharmacological evaluation in animal models
  75. Relation of time in range to severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  76. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina
  77. Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture
  78. Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
  79. Mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  80. The law on oncological oblivion in the Italian and European context: How to best uphold the cancer patients’ rights to privacy and self-determination?
  81. The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prognostic nutritional index for survival in patients with colorectal cancer
  82. Factors affecting the measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation values in healthy young adults
  83. Comparison and correlations between findings of hysteroscopy and vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography for detection of uterine abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure
  84. The effects of different types of RAGT on balance function in stroke patients with low levels of independent walking in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital
  85. Causal relationship between asthma and ankylosing spondylitis: A bidirectional two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  86. Correlations of health literacy with individuals’ understanding and use of medications in Southern Taiwan
  87. Correlation of serum calprotectin with outcome of acute cerebral infarction
  88. Comparison of computed tomography and guided bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  89. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis via the regulation of DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation
  90. The identification of novel missense variant in ChAT gene in a patient with gestational diabetes denotes plausible genetic association
  91. Molecular genotyping of multi-system rare blood types in foreign blood donors based on DNA sequencing and its clinical significance
  92. Exploring the role of succinyl carnitine in the association between CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Dexmedetomidine suppresses microglial activation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the mmu-miRNA-125/TRAF6 signaling axis
  94. Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure
  95. Diagnostic value of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
  96. Pachymaran alleviates fat accumulation, hepatocyte degeneration, and injury in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  97. Decrease in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are predictors of severe clinical picture and unfavorable outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19
  98. METTL3 blocked the progression of diabetic retinopathy through m6A-modified SOX2
  99. The predictive significance of anti-RO-52 antibody in patients with interstitial pneumonia after treatment of malignant tumors
  100. Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization
  101. Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of ocular sarcoidosis based on autophagy-related gene analysis
  102. Widespread venous thrombosis: Unveiling a complex case of Behçet’s disease with a literature perspective
  103. Uterine fibroid embolization: An analysis of clinical outcomes and impact on patients’ quality of life
  104. Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
  105. Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer
  106. Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound–MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block
  107. Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway
  108. Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation
  109. Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  110. Cell-free adipose extract inhibits hypertrophic scar formation through collagen remodeling and antiangiogenesis
  111. HALP score in Demodex blepharitis: A case–control study
  112. Assessment of SOX2 performance as a marker for circulating cancer stem-like cells (CCSCs) identification in advanced breast cancer patients using CytoTrack system
  113. Risk and prognosis for brain metastasis in primary metastatic cervical cancer patients: A population-based study
  114. Comparison of the two intestinal anastomosis methods in pediatric patients
  115. Factors influencing hematological toxicity and adverse effects of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  116. Endotoxin tolerance inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of septic mice by restoring autophagic flux through TRIM26
  117. Lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A single-centre experience of 21 procedures
  118. Petunidin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced retinal microglia inflammatory response in diabetic retinopathy by targeting OGT/NF-κB/LCN2 axis
  119. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing the severity of acute cholecystitis
  120. Factors determining the number of sessions in successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients
  121. Development of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with renal pelvic cancer following surgery
  122. Inhibition of ATG7 promotes orthodontic tooth movement by regulating the RANKL/OPG ratio under compression force
  123. A machine learning-based prognostic model integrating mRNA stemness index, hypoxia, and glycolysis‑related biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  124. Glutathione attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy via dual modulation of NF-κB and PKA/CREB pathways
  125. FAHD1 prevents neuronal ferroptosis by modulating R-loop and the cGAS–STING pathway
  126. Association of placenta weight and morphology with term low birth weight: A case–control study
  127. Investigation of the pathogenic variants induced Sjogren’s syndrome in Turkish population
  128. Nucleotide metabolic abnormalities in post-COVID-19 condition and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their association with endocrine dysfunction
  129. TGF-β–Smad2/3 signaling in high-altitude pulmonary hypertension in rats: Role and mechanisms via macrophage M2 polarization
  130. Ultrasound-guided unilateral versus bilateral erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
  131. Profiling gut microbiome dynamics in subacute thyroiditis: Implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
  132. Delta neutrophil index, CRP/albumin ratio, procalcitonin, immature granulocytes, and HALP score in acute appendicitis: Best performing biomarker?
  133. Anticancer activity mechanism of novelly synthesized and characterized benzofuran ring-linked 3-nitrophenyl chalcone derivative on colon cancer cells
  134. H2valdien3 arrests the cell cycle and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer
  135. Prognostic relevance of PRSS2 and its immune correlates in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  136. Association of SGLT2 inhibition with psychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization study
  137. Motivational interviewing for alcohol use reduction in Thai patients
  138. Luteolin alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuron injury by regulating NLRP3/IL-1β signaling
  139. Polyphyllin II inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth by simultaneously inhibiting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
  140. Relationship between the expression of copper death promoting factor SLC31A1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and clinicopathological indicators and prognosis
  141. CSF2 polarized neutrophils and invaded renal cancer cells in vitro influence
  142. Proton pump inhibitors-induced thrombocytopenia: A systematic literature analysis of case reports
  143. The current status and influence factors of research ability among community nurses: A sequential qualitative–quantitative study
  144. OKAIN: A comprehensive oncology knowledge base for the interpretation of clinically actionable alterations
  145. The relationship between serum CA50, CA242, and SAA levels and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer
  146. Identification and external validation of a prognostic signature based on hypoxia–glycolysis-related genes for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
  147. Engineered RBC-derived nanovesicles functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands: A comparative study on breast cancer targeting efficiency and biocompatibility
  148. Relationship of resting echocardiography combined with serum micronutrients to the severity of low-gradient severe aortic stenosis
  149. Effect of vibration on pain during subcutaneous heparin injection: A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  150. The diagnostic performance of machine learning-based FFRCT for coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis
  151. Comparing biofeedback device vs diaphragmatic breathing for bloating relief: A randomized controlled trial
  152. Serum uric acid to albumin ratio and C-reactive protein as predictive biomarkers for chronic total occlusion and coronary collateral circulation quality
  153. Multiple organ scoring systems for predicting in-hospital mortality of sepsis patients in the intensive care unit
  154. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis of the inner ear in gentamicin-treated mice via intraperitoneal injection
  155. Suppression of cathepsin B attenuates myocardial injury via limiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis
  156. Influence of sevoflurane combined with propofol anesthesia on the anesthesia effect and adverse reactions in children with acute appendicitis
  157. Review Articles
  158. The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review
  159. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
  160. Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
  161. Review of mechanisms and frontier applications in IL-17A-induced hypertension
  162. Research progress on the correlation between islet amyloid peptides and type 2 diabetes mellitus
  163. The safety and efficacy of BCG combined with mitomycin C compared with BCG monotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  164. The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review
  165. The effect of Greek mountain tea extract and wheat germ extract on peripheral blood flow and eicosanoid metabolism in mammals
  166. Neurogasobiology of migraine: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as emerging pathophysiological trinacrium relevant to nociception regulation
  167. Plant polyphenols, terpenes, and terpenoids in oral health
  168. Laboratory medicine between technological innovation, rights safeguarding, and patient safety: A bioethical perspective
  169. End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe
  170. The maternal factors during pregnancy for intrauterine growth retardation: An umbrella review
  171. Intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome of pediatric patients in critical care settings
  172. PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  173. Screening of Group B Streptococcus in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection
  174. Giant borderline ovarian tumours – review of the literature
  175. Leveraging artificial intelligence for collaborative care planning: Innovations and impacts in shared decision-making – A systematic review
  176. Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic
  177. Risk factors of frailty/sarcopenia in community older adults: Meta-analysis
  178. Supplement strategies for infertility in overweight women: Evidence and legal insights
  179. Scurvy, a not obsolete disorder: Clinical report in eight young children and literature review
  180. A meta-analysis of the effects of DBS on cognitive function in patients with advanced PD
  181. Protective role of selenium in sepsis: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies
  182. Strategies for hyperkalemia management in dialysis patients: A systematic review
  183. C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in peripheral artery disease
  184. Case Reports
  185. Delayed graft function after renal transplantation
  186. Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
  187. Diverse electrophysiological demyelinating features in a late-onset glycogen storage disease type IIIa case
  188. Giant right atrial hemangioma presenting with ascites: A case report
  189. Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report
  190. EsoFLIP-assisted dilation for dysphagia in systemic sclerosis: Highlighting the role of multimodal esophageal evaluation
  191. Molecular hydrogen-rhodiola as an adjuvant therapy for ischemic stroke in internal carotid artery occlusion: A case report
  192. Coronary artery anomalies: A case of the “malignant” left coronary artery and its surgical management
  193. Rapid Communication
  194. Biological properties of valve materials using RGD and EC
  195. A single oral administration of flavanols enhances short-term memory in mice along with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor
  196. Letter to the Editor
  197. Role of enhanced external counterpulsation in long COVID
  198. Expression of Concern
  199. Expression of concern “A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma”
  200. Expression of concern “Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway”
  201. Expression of concern “circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8”
  202. Corrigendum
  203. Corrigendum to “Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism”
  204. Corrigendum to “Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis”
  205. Corrigendum to “The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges”
  206. Retraction
  207. Retraction of “miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway”
  208. Retraction of: “LncRNA CASC15 inhibition relieves renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through downregulating SP-A by sponging to miR-424”
  209. Retraction of: “SCARA5 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma via inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways”
  210. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part II
  211. Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
  212. Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells
  213. The era of increasing cancer survivorship: Trends in fertility preservation, medico-legal implications, and ethical challenges
  214. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ
  215. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
  216. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part IV
  217. Exploration of mRNA-modifying METTL3 oncogene as momentous prognostic biomarker responsible for colorectal cancer development
  218. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part III
  219. Interaction and verification of ferroptosis-related RNAs Rela and Stat3 in promoting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
  220. The mRNA MOXD1: Link to oxidative stress and prognostic significance in gastric cancer
  221. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part II
  222. Dynamic changes in lactate-related genes in microglia and their role in immune cell interactions after ischemic stroke
  223. A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing’s sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis
  224. Red cell distribution width predicts early kidney injury: A NHANES cross-sectional study
  225. Special Issue Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiology, complications & treatment
  226. Nutritional risk assessment and nutritional support in children with congenital diabetes during surgery
  227. Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang
  228. A discussion on the application of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography in the research of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes
  229. A review of brain research on T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction
  230. Metformin and estrogen modulation in LABC with T2DM: A 36-month randomized trial
  231. Special Issue Innovative Biomarker Discovery and Precision Medicine in Cancer Diagnostics
  232. CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 10.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2025-1308/html
Scroll to top button