Startseite Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
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Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran

  • Roya Ahmadiniyatabesh , Erfan Ayubi , Ensiyeh Jenabi EMAIL logo , Elham Fatholahi , Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi und Neda Skini
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 9. Juni 2025

Abstract

Background

This study was designed to address factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare and the role of smartphones in western Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 breastfeeding mothers in Iran in 2024. The data collection tools included a demographic-obstetric questionnaire and the Maternal Distraction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16, and the significance level was set less than 0.05.

Results

The highest distraction during breastfeeding was associated with mobile phone use (62.14%), while the lowest was linked to reading (6.78%.). Mobile phone use was the highest distraction during breastfeeding and baby care (79.64%), while the lowest was reading a book (12.86%). Additionally, individual and social variables, such as education level, number of children, and economic status, were significantly associated with maternal attention and distraction levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Distraction during breastfeeding and during child care between women with three or more children was higher compared with women with one child. Additionally, distraction during child care between women with three or more children was higher compared with women with two children.

1 Introduction

Breast milk is recognized as a valuable resource with numerous positive effects on the growth and development of children [1]. Renowned global health organizations, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life [2]. Today, global attention is increasingly focused on the importance of early life as a golden opportunity to improve child health [3]. Despite these recommendations, the global rate of achieving exclusive breastfeeding remains low, with only 41% of infants being exclusively breastfed until six months of age [4]. Breastfeeding is considered one of the most effective strategies for improving child health in various communities [5]. However, numerous factors can affect breastfeeding. Despite the potential benefits of using media technologies, the use of these technologies has been recognized as a distraction that may impact the breastfeeding experience [6,7]. Research indicates that these modern technologies might negatively influence the quality of breastfeeding and, consequently, child health outcomes [8]. The findings of Arezi et al. [9], which investigated the impact of technology and digital media, underscore the importance of understanding and managing factors contributing to maternal distraction during breastfeeding and childcare. They reported that young mothers with lower levels of education experience significantly high levels of distraction while caring for their babies or breastfeeding [9]. Additionally, a study by Ventura et al. [10] revealed a link between maternal distraction during breastfeeding and reduced attention to the infant’s needs. The growing use of digital technologies, particularly mobile phones, has been identified as a significant source of distraction during breastfeeding [11]. The study by Golen and Ventura found that mothers who use their mobile phones more frequently are more prone to distractions [12].

Given the increasing use of digital technologies and the influence of modern environments on daily life, identifying and analyzing factors contributing to maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare. Therefore, this study was designed to address factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare and the role of smartphones in western Iran.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Study setting and study design

This cross-sectional study was conducted among breastfeeding mothers referred to Comprehensive Health Service Centers in Hamadan, Iran, between August and November 2024. Women who exclusively breastfed were invited to participate in the study.

2.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

The inclusion criteria for the study were: mother’s age over 18 years, between 2 weeks and 6 months since childbirth, baby’s age ≤6 months, exclusive breastfeeding, full-term and healthy singleton infants, and no breast abnormalities. Participants with incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the study.

2.3 Sampling method

A multi-stage sampling method was used. Hamadan City has 25 comprehensive health service centers; 6 centers were selected from different areas of Hamadan based on geographical location, and participants were then randomly selected from the clients of these centers. These six centers from different geographical regions were included in the study, representing a range of socioeconomic statuses, educational levels, and age groups. This diversity helps to reduce selection bias. Questionnaires were completed by those who agreed to participate.

2.4 Sample size

The effect size f from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was calculated based on the mean distraction scores across the study groups to estimate the sample size. An effect size f of 0.25 was selected, indicating a medium effect size for comparing scores across a variable with four levels. With a Type I error probability of 0.05 and a power of 90%, the required sample size was determined to be 232 participants. To account for a 20% margin for non-response and missing data, the final sample size was set at 280 participants.

2.5 Measurement

The data collection tools included a demographic-obstetric questionnaire and the Maternal Distraction Questionnaire (MDQ).

2.5.1 Demographic-obstetric questionnaire

The demographic-obstetric questionnaire comprised the demographic section, which covered age, education level, occupation, family income status (mother’s perception of family economic status), baby’s gender, number of children, and type of delivery.

2.5.2 MDQ

The MDQ was developed by Ventura et al. [13] to assess maternal distraction through self-report and includes various activities that mothers may engage in while interacting with their infants. This questionnaire contains 14 items. The first section consists of 10 questions about the frequency of common activities, such as watching TV, talking or texting on the phone, using the computer, or reading a magazine, that mothers may engage in during feeding or caregiving. Each question is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always). The second section has four questions measuring the mother’s overall attention or distraction during interactions with the infant, scored on a scale from 1 to 5. Here, a score of 1 indicates no distraction, while a score of 5 represents complete distraction. One question in this section, which assesses attention to the infant during feeding and caregiving, is reverse-scored; in this case, a lower score reflects higher attention. The validity and reliability of the MDQ were assessed by Ventura et al. [13], with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86 for technological activities and 0.95 for internal consistency. In Iran, the MDQ was validated by Arezi et al. in Persian language, who reported an internal reliability coefficient of 0.75 using Cronbach’s alpha and a validity score of 0.67 [9].

2.6 Statistical analysis

Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16. Descriptive statistics were employed to assess maternal distraction levels based on scale scores. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test confirmed a normal distribution for the total attention/distraction scale scores. Comparisons of total scores across demographic variables were conducted using independent t-tests and ANOVA, with a 95% confidence level. When the ANOVA results were statistically significant, pairwise comparisons were performed using the Bonferroni correction method.

  1. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

  2. Ethical approval: The study protocol was accepted by the ethical committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences with code IR.UMSHA.REC.1403.085. We performed this study in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

3 Results

All mothers (280 mothers) participated in this study. The age range of mothers was between 18 and 44 years. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the mothers included in the study. The mean age of mothers and babies was 30.06 ± 6.10 years and 2.74 ± 1.54 months, respectively.

Table 1

Characteristics of the mothers included in the study (n = 280)

Variables N (%)
Baby’s gender
Male 146 (52.1)
Female 134 (47.9)
Total 280 (100)
Mother’s job
Employed 28 (10.0)
Housekeeper 252 (90.0)
Total 280 (100)
Economic status
Good 77 (27.5)
Average 157 (56.1)
Weak 46 (16.5)
Total 280 (100)
Number of children
1 113 (40.4)
2 124 (44.3)
3> 43 (15.4)
Total 280 (100)
Mother’s education
<Diploma 68 (24.3)
Diploma 128 (45.4)
Academic 84 (30.3)
Total 280 (100)
Mean (SD)
Mother’s age (years) 30.06 ± 6.10
Baby’s age (months) 2.74 ± 1.54

Table 2 shows that 61.08% of mothers had watched TV at least once while breastfeeding. Distraction during breastfeeding was reported by 40.36% of mothers due to computer use, 62.14% due to talking on the phone, 75% due to mobile phone use, and 6.78% due to reading a book. The highest distraction during breastfeeding was associated with mobile phone use, while the lowest was linked to reading. Additionally, findings show that 75.35% of mothers had watched TV at least once while providing baby care. Distraction during baby care was reported by 55.71% of mothers due to computer use, 71.07% due to talking on the phone, 79.64% due to mobile phone use, and 12.86% due to reading a book. Mobile phone use was the highest distraction during breastfeeding and baby care, while the lowest was reading a book.

Table 2

The frequency of distractions for mothers while breastfeeding their infants, or baby care while using a mobile phone, computer, or tablet (n = 280)

Breastfeeding Never, N (%) Rarely, N (%) Sometimes, N (%) Most of the time, N (%) Always, N (%)
Watch TV (e.g., movies, shows, or videos) 109 (38.93) 53 (18.93) 92 (32.86) 21 (7.50) 5 (1.79)
Using a computer (e.g., check, surf the internet, work) 167 (59.64) 30 (10.71) 70 (25) 12 (4.29) 1 (0.36)
Talk on the phone 106 (37.86) 60 (21.43) 86 (30.71) 23 (8.21) 5 (1.79)
Text or use apps on a mobile device or tablet 70 (25) 65 (23.21) 132 (47.14) 12 (4.29) 1 (0.36)
Read a book, magazine, or newspaper (not on a mobile device or tablet 261 (93.21) 4 (1.43) 13 (4.64) 2 (0.71)
Baby care
Watch TV (e.g., movies, shows, or videos) 69 (24.64) 90 (32.14) 96 (34.29) 16 (5.71) 9 (3.21)
Using a computer (e.g., check, surf the internet, work) 124 (44.29) 65 (23.21) 82 (29.29) 6 (2.14) 3 (1.07)
Talk on the phone 81 (28.93) 69 (24.64) 94 (33.57) 29 (10.36) 7 (2.50)
Text or use apps on a mobile device or tablet 57 (20.36) 72 (25.71) 141 (50.36) 6 (2.14) 4 (1.43)
Read a book, magazine, or newspaper (not on a mobile device or tablet 244 (87.14) 22 (7.86) 12 (4.29) 2 (0.71)

The findings in Table 3 indicate that the mean distraction of mothers from their babies during breastfeeding and caregiving was significantly associated with the baby’s age and the number of children. The results of the post hoc analysis showed that the pairwise comparison of the mean distraction scores during breastfeeding (p-value =0.007) and during child care (p-value <0.001) between women with three or more children and women with one child has a statistically significant difference. Additionally, the mean distraction score during child care between women with three or more children and women with two children also shows a statistically significant difference (p-value =0.04). Furthermore, the mean attention score between women with three or more children and women with two and one child also has a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05). Also, the level of distraction during breastfeeding and baby care among mothers of 6-month-old babies increased significantly. The pairwise comparison of the mean distraction scores during breastfeeding and child care was statistically significant only between women with 2- and 3-month-old children (p-value <0.001).

Table 3

The frequency of attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare based on background variables (n = 280)

Variables Breastfeeding Baby care
N = 280 Distraction p Attention p Distraction p Attention p
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Mother’s age (years)
<25 71 1.59 (0.83) 0.25 4.33 (0.92) 0.21 1.81 (0.83) 0.07 4.18 (0.88) 0.86
25–30 68 1.79 (1.07) 4.16 (0.95) 1.87 (0.96) 4.14 (0.79)
30–35 83 1.77 (0.91) 4.16 (0.92) 1.78 (0.92) 4.12 (0.91)
>35 58 1.93 (1.02) 3.98 (0.99) 2.17 (0.94) 4.05 (0.96)
Baby’s age (months)
1 71 1.78 (0.97) <0.001 4.21 (0.86) 0.09 1.92 (0.89) <0.001 4.04 (0.92) 0.57
2 75 2.08 (1.03) 3.92 (1.06) 2.25 (1.02) 4.05 (0.83)
3 60 1.40 (0.69) 4.36 (0.92) 1.65 (0.77) 4.23 (0.85)
4 22 1.59 (0.66) 4.04 (0.95) 1.68 (0.56) 4.09 (0.97)
5 33 1.57 (0.90) 4.33 (0.92) 1.45 (0.66) 4.33 (0.98)
6 19 2.10 (1.28) 4.26 (0.80) 2.10 (1.15) 4.10 (0.81)
Baby’s gender
Male 146 1.79 (1.01) 0.58 4.14 (1.01) 0.61 1.86 (0.90) 0.66 4.13 (0.90) 0.86
Female 134 1.73 (0.90) 4.20 (0.87) 1.92 (0.94) 4.11 (0.86)
Mother’s job
Employed 28 1.53 (0.69) 0.18 4.32 (0.82) 0.37 1.71 (0.76) 0.89 4.25 (0.75) 0.44
Housekeeper 252 1.79 (0.98) 4.15 (0.96) 1.91 (0.93) 4.11 (0.90)
Mother’s education
<Diploma 68 1.89 (1.00) 0.23 3.91 (1.07) 0.02 2.05 (0.99) 0.04 4.10 (0.88) 0.74
Diploma 128 1.78 (0.94) 4.28 (0.83) 1.92 (0.90) 4.10 (0.86)
Academic 84 1.63 (0.94) 4.20 (0.98) 1.70 (0.86) 4.19 (0.92)
Husband’s age (years)
<30 67 1.82 (1.02) 0.06 4.29 (0.97) 0.38 1.92 (0.96) 0.36 4.19 (0.87) 0.43
30–35 92 1.57 (0.87) 4.17 (0.95) 1.78 (0.82) 4.18 (0.75)
>35 121 1.87 (0.97) 4.09 (0.93) 1.95 (0.98) 4.04 (0.98)
Husband’s education
<Diploma 88 1.84 (0.99) 0.55 4.01 (1.05) 0.16 1.94 (0.96) 0.82 4.08 (0.92) 0.81
Diploma 107 1.69 (0.87) 4.24 (0.90) 1.86 (0.84) 4.15 (0.87)
Academic 85 1.77 (1.04) 4.24 (0.87) 1.87 (0.97) 4.14 (0.87)
Husband’s job
Employee 62 1.66 (0.86) 0.20 4.29 (0.91) 0.38 1.87 (0.84) 0.30 4.17 (0.87) 0.88
Free 178 1.74 (0.98) 4.16 (0.97) 1.85 (0.93) 4.11 (0.87)
Worker 40 2.00 (0.98) 4.02 (0.89) 2.10 (0.95) 4.12 (0.96)
Economic status
Good 77 1.72 (0.96) 0.04 4.22 (0.95) 0.41 1.80 (0.91) 0.25 4.10 (0.94) 0.58
Average 158 1.69 (0.91) 4.19 (0.94) 1.88 (0.90) 4.17 (0.86)
Weak 45 2.08 (1.06) 4.00 (0.97) 2.08 (0.97) 4.02 (0.89)
Number of children
1 113 1.62 (0.90) 0.01 4.27 (0.97) 0.01 1.71 (0.83) 0.001 4.23 (0.76) 0.12
2 124 1.76 (0.98) 4.20 (0.87) 1.91 (0.95) 4.11 (0.96)
>3 43 2.14 (0.96) 3.79 (1.01) 2.30 (0.94) 3.90 (0.92)
Delivery type
NVD 174 1.77 (0.97) 0.80 4.12 (0.99) 0.31 1.92 (0.88) 0.45 4.13 (0.88) 0.93
C/S 106 1.74 (0.94) 4.24 (0.88) 1.83 (0.98) 4.12 (0.89)

The pairwise comparison of the mean attention scores during breastfeeding between women with education below a diploma and those with a diploma had a statistically significant difference (p-value =0.02). Additionally, the mean distraction score during child care between women with a university education and those with education below a diploma also showed a statistically significant difference (p-value =0.04).

Maternal distraction during breastfeeding was significantly associated with economic status (p = 0.04). The pairwise comparison of the mean distraction scores between women with an average economic status and women with a weak economic status showed a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.04) (Table 3).

No statistically significant differences in maternal distraction or attention during breastfeeding and caregiving were observed based on maternal age, baby’s gender, mother’s occupation, husband’s occupation, husband’s age, husband’s education, or delivery type (p > 0.05) (Table 3).

4 Discussion

The results of this study indicate that various factors influence maternal distraction during breastfeeding and childcare. Mobile phone usage was identified as one of the most common causes of maternal distraction. The present study indicates that distraction between women with an average economic status was lower compared with women with a weak economic status. Distraction during child care between women with university education was lower compared with education below a diploma. In addition, attention during breastfeeding in women with education below a diploma was lower compared with those with a diploma. Distraction during breastfeeding and during child care between women with three or more children was higher compared with women with one child. Additionally, Distraction during child care between women with three or more children was higher compared with women with two children. Furthermore, attention between women with three or more children was lower compared with women with two and one child. The findings also revealed that the level of maternal distraction increased in 6-month-old infants during breastfeeding and childcare. The findings of the present study align with the results of Tang et al. [14], who reported that mothers with lower educational levels (high school diploma or less) experienced greater distraction during caregiving and decreased attention to the infant during breastfeeding. Similarly, the study by Li et al. emphasized that education and awareness are key factors in managing focus and reducing distractions during childcare [15]. However, Seifert et al. reported that the use of technology can also be beneficial [7]. Therefore, it can be suggested that if smartphones are used appropriately for example to access breastfeeding education and related programs, they may serve as valuable tools rather than sources of distraction.

The present study indicates that distraction between women with an average economic status was lower compared with women with a weak economic status. This aligns with the findings of Nazari et al. [16], which highlighted the relationship between economic pressures and decreased focus during infant care.

The study by Arezi et al. also demonstrated that older mothers experienced less distraction during childcare [9]. However, no significant relationship was observed in our study. This discrepancy may be related to the age of the children. In our study, the sample population was limited to mothers of exclusively breastfed infants under 6 months old who require more maternal attention. In contrast, the recent study included children up to two years of age as its target population.

The study by Arezi et al. found a high level of distraction due to mobile phone use during critical childcare and breastfeeding periods [9], which aligns with the present study’s findings. The research by Golen et al. [12] emphasizes that distraction in child care is primarily related to excessive use of technology. These findings are particularly significant in understanding the impact of technology on maternal distraction and the quality of parent–child interactions. This suggests that more mindful and limited use of electronic devices should be encouraged to reduce distraction.

Our study is consistent with similar research, including the work by Muppalla et al., which demonstrated that excessive use of digital technologies can negatively affect the quality of parent–infant interactions [17]. While some studies, aligned with our research, emphasize that technology can act as a source of distraction and cause negative interference in breastfeeding and childcare, other studies, such as Seifert and Cotten indicate that when used properly, technology can serve as a supportive tool in mother-infant interactions and improve communication and necessary support during this sensitive period [18].

The data suggest that mobile phone use is particularly prevalent among mothers during both breastfeeding and childcare and is significantly associated with distraction. However, there is a risk of conflating correlation with causation. For instance, although mothers with more children reported higher levels of distraction, it is unclear whether this is primarily due to mobile device use, increased overall workload, or other stressors. Therefore, the findings indicate associations, but they do not provide evidence of a direct causal effect of device use.

4.1 Limitation

There are some limitations in this study: (a) this study has a cross-sectional design, which can identify associations but cannot establish causality. Future research should include longitudinal or interventional studies to better understand how mothers’ mobile phone use may change over time and whether it genuinely influences breastfeeding or childcare outcomes. (b) The MDQ is a self-reported questionnaire completed by mothers. As a result, social desirability bias may lead participants to under-report phone use or over-report socially desirable behaviors. (c) Focusing on a specific geographical area (Hamadan) and considering only the exclusive breastfeeding period may limit the generalizability of the findings to other communities. (d) The lack of in-depth qualitative exploration of the causes of distraction overlooks the issue’s important cognitive and emotional aspects. (e) Maternal mental health factors, stress levels, or social supports can also affect a mother’s distraction and attention during breastfeeding and childcare, which were not addressed in this study. These limitations suggest that further studies with cohort and qualitative approaches require a better and more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing maternal distraction.

4.2 Practical implications

Consequently, this study clarifies the factors related to maternal distraction during breastfeeding and highlights the interplay between economic status, education, and infant developmental stages. Addressing these distractions through targeted educational interventions could improve mother-infant interactions and yield better outcomes for both mothers and children. These findings also illuminate healthcare approaches and emphasize intervention strategies that enhance maternal focus in critical caregiving situations, ultimately strengthening the bond and improving the child’s developmental trajectory.

5 Conclusion

The present study indicates that distraction between women with an average economic status was lower compared with women with a weak economic status. Distraction during child care between women with university education was lower compared with education below a diploma. In addition, attention during breastfeeding in women with education below a diploma was lower compared with those with a diploma. Distraction during breastfeeding and during child care between women with three or more children was higher in compared with women with one child. Additionally, distraction during child care between women with three or more children was higher compared with women with two children. Furthermore, attention between women with three or more children was lower compared with women with two and one child.

Abbreviation

MDQ: Maternal Distraction Questionnaire

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Hamadan University of Medical Sciences for providing support.

  1. Funding information: This study was supported by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences with Code: 140302181179.

  2. Author contributions: Ensiyeh Jenabi and Roya Ahmadiniyatabesh designed the research study. Elham Fatholahi and Neda Skini performed the research. Ensiyeh Jenabi provided help and advice. Erfan Ayubi analyzed the data. Ensiyeh Jenabi, Elham Fatholahi, and Roya Ahmadiniyatabesh wrote the manuscript. Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors contributed to editorial changes in the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.

  4. Data availability statement: The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this research are available within the article. The dataset used in the present study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Received: 2025-02-18
Revised: 2025-05-09
Accepted: 2025-05-09
Published Online: 2025-06-09

© 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  27. Clinical analysis of ten cases of HIV infection combined with acute leukemia
  28. Investigating the cardioprotective potential of quercetin against tacrolimus-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats: A mechanistic insights
  29. Clinical observation of probiotics combined with mesalazine and Yiyi Baitouweng Decoction retention enema in treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis
  30. Diagnostic value of ratio of blood inflammation to coagulation markers in periprosthetic joint infection
  31. Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
  32. Core muscle strength and stability-oriented breathing training reduces inter-recti distance in postpartum women
  33. The ERAS nursing care strategy for patients undergoing transsphenoidal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection: A randomized blinded controlled trial
  34. The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis
  35. Impact of Kolb’s experiential learning theory-based nursing on caregiver burden and psychological state of caregivers of dementia patients
  36. Analysis of serum NLR combined with intraoperative margin condition to predict the prognosis of cervical HSIL patients undergoing LEEP surgery
  37. Commiphora gileadensis ameliorate infertility and erectile dysfunction in diabetic male mice
  38. The correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition classification and MMP2 expression of circulating tumor cells and prognosis of advanced or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  39. Tetrahydropalmatine improves mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis in vitro by inhibiting Ras homolog gene family A/Rho-associated protein kinase-1 signaling pathway
  40. A cross-sectional study: Relationship between serum oxidative stress levels and arteriovenous fistula maturation in maintenance dialysis patients
  41. A comparative analysis of the impact of repeated administration of flavan 3-ol on brown, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue
  42. Identifying early screening factors for depression in middle-aged and older adults: A cohort study
  43. Perform tumor-specific survival analysis for Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection based on the SEER database by constructing a nomogram chart
  44. Unveiling the role of CXCL10 in pancreatic cancer progression: A novel prognostic indicator
  45. High-dose preoperative intraperitoneal erythropoietin and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute traumatic spinal cord injuries following decompression surgeries
  46. RAB39B: A novel biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia identified via multi-omics and functional validation
  47. Impact of peripheral conditioning on reperfusion injury following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic STEMI patients
  48. Clinical efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of middle- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly patients: A retrospective study
  49. The effect of ambulatory blood pressure load on mitral regurgitation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
  50. Expression and clinical significance of ITGA3 in breast cancer
  51. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals ARHGAP28 expression of podocytes as a biomarker in human diabetic nephropathy
  52. rSIG combined with NLR in the prognostic assessment of patients with multiple injuries
  53. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake
  54. Exploring causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and marginal zone lymphoma: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  55. Gender beliefs and legitimization of dating violence in adolescents
  56. Effect of serum IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 levels on the efficacy of modified preperitoneal Kugel repair in patients with inguinal hernia
  57. Effect of smoking and smoking cessation on hematological parameters in polycythemic patients
  58. Pathogen surveillance and risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective single-center study
  59. Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
  60. Celastrol suppresses neovascularization in rat aortic vascular endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory tenocytes via modulating the NLRP3 pathway
  61. Cord-lamina angle and foraminal diameter as key predictors of C5 palsy after anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery
  62. GATA1: A key biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  63. Influencing factors of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection: A single-center retrospective study
  64. MZB1 regulates the immune microenvironment and inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration
  65. Integrating experimental and network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Dioscin against glioblastoma
  66. Trends in research on preterm birth in twin pregnancy based on bibliometrics
  67. Four-week IgE/baseline IgE ratio combined with tryptase predicts clinical outcome in omalizumab-treated children with moderate-to-severe asthma
  68. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies a stress response Schwann cell subtype
  69. Acute pancreatitis risk in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease: A critical focus
  70. Effect of subclinical esketamine on NLRP3 and cognitive dysfunction in elderly ischemic stroke patients
  71. Interleukin-37 mediates the anti-oral tumor activity in oral cancer through STAT3
  72. CA199 and CEA expression levels, and minimally invasive postoperative prognosis analysis in esophageal squamous carcinoma patients
  73. Efficacy of a novel drainage catheter in the treatment of CSF leak after posterior spine surgery: A retrospective cohort study
  74. Comprehensive biomedicine assessment of Apteranthes tuberculata extracts: Phytochemical analysis and multifaceted pharmacological evaluation in animal models
  75. Relation of time in range to severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  76. Dopamine attenuates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis by stimulating electrical activity in the developing rat retina
  77. Correlation between albumin levels during the third trimester and the risk of postpartum levator ani muscle rupture
  78. Factors associated with maternal attention and distraction during breastfeeding and childcare: A cross-sectional study in the west of Iran
  79. Mechanisms of hesperetin in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease via network pharmacology and in vitro experiments
  80. The law on oncological oblivion in the Italian and European context: How to best uphold the cancer patients’ rights to privacy and self-determination?
  81. The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and prognostic nutritional index for survival in patients with colorectal cancer
  82. Factors affecting the measurements of peripheral oxygen saturation values in healthy young adults
  83. Comparison and correlations between findings of hysteroscopy and vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography for detection of uterine abnormalities in patients with recurrent implantation failure
  84. The effects of different types of RAGT on balance function in stroke patients with low levels of independent walking in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital
  85. Causal relationship between asthma and ankylosing spondylitis: A bidirectional two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  86. Correlations of health literacy with individuals’ understanding and use of medications in Southern Taiwan
  87. Correlation of serum calprotectin with outcome of acute cerebral infarction
  88. Comparison of computed tomography and guided bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  89. Curdione protects vascular endothelial cells and atherosclerosis via the regulation of DNMT1-mediated ERBB4 promoter methylation
  90. The identification of novel missense variant in ChAT gene in a patient with gestational diabetes denotes plausible genetic association
  91. Molecular genotyping of multi-system rare blood types in foreign blood donors based on DNA sequencing and its clinical significance
  92. Exploring the role of succinyl carnitine in the association between CD39⁺ CD4⁺ T cell and ulcerative colitis: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Dexmedetomidine suppresses microglial activation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the mmu-miRNA-125/TRAF6 signaling axis
  94. Analysis of serum metabolomics in patients with different types of chronic heart failure
  95. Diagnostic value of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
  96. Pachymaran alleviates fat accumulation, hepatocyte degeneration, and injury in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  97. Decrease in CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes are predictors of severe clinical picture and unfavorable outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19
  98. METTL3 blocked the progression of diabetic retinopathy through m6A-modified SOX2
  99. The predictive significance of anti-RO-52 antibody in patients with interstitial pneumonia after treatment of malignant tumors
  100. Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization
  101. Development and validation of potential molecular subtypes and signatures of ocular sarcoidosis based on autophagy-related gene analysis
  102. Widespread venous thrombosis: Unveiling a complex case of Behçet’s disease with a literature perspective
  103. Uterine fibroid embolization: An analysis of clinical outcomes and impact on patients’ quality of life
  104. Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
  105. Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer
  106. Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound–MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block
  107. Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway
  108. Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation
  109. Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
  110. Cell-free adipose extract inhibits hypertrophic scar formation through collagen remodeling and antiangiogenesis
  111. HALP score in Demodex blepharitis: A case–control study
  112. Assessment of SOX2 performance as a marker for circulating cancer stem-like cells (CCSCs) identification in advanced breast cancer patients using CytoTrack system
  113. Risk and prognosis for brain metastasis in primary metastatic cervical cancer patients: A population-based study
  114. Comparison of the two intestinal anastomosis methods in pediatric patients
  115. Factors influencing hematological toxicity and adverse effects of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer
  116. Endotoxin tolerance inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages of septic mice by restoring autophagic flux through TRIM26
  117. Review Articles
  118. The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review
  119. Diabetes-related cognitive impairment: Mechanisms, symptoms, and treatments
  120. Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
  121. Review of mechanisms and frontier applications in IL-17A-induced hypertension
  122. Research progress on the correlation between islet amyloid peptides and type 2 diabetes mellitus
  123. The safety and efficacy of BCG combined with mitomycin C compared with BCG monotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  124. The application of augmented reality in robotic general surgery: A mini-review
  125. The effect of Greek mountain tea extract and wheat germ extract on peripheral blood flow and eicosanoid metabolism in mammals
  126. Neurogasobiology of migraine: Carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide as emerging pathophysiological trinacrium relevant to nociception regulation
  127. Plant polyphenols, terpenes, and terpenoids in oral health
  128. Laboratory medicine between technological innovation, rights safeguarding, and patient safety: A bioethical perspective
  129. End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe
  130. The maternal factors during pregnancy for intrauterine growth retardation: An umbrella review
  131. Intra-abdominal hypertension/abdominal compartment syndrome of pediatric patients in critical care settings
  132. PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  133. Screening of Group B Streptococcus in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection
  134. Giant borderline ovarian tumours – review of the literature
  135. Leveraging artificial intelligence for collaborative care planning: Innovations and impacts in shared decision-making – A systematic review
  136. Cholera epidemiology analysis through the experience of the 1973 Naples epidemic
  137. Case Reports
  138. Delayed graft function after renal transplantation
  139. Semaglutide treatment for type 2 diabetes in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia: A case report and review of the literature
  140. Diverse electrophysiological demyelinating features in a late-onset glycogen storage disease type IIIa case
  141. Giant right atrial hemangioma presenting with ascites: A case report
  142. Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report
  143. Rapid Communication
  144. Biological properties of valve materials using RGD and EC
  145. Letter to the Editor
  146. Role of enhanced external counterpulsation in long COVID
  147. Expression of Concern
  148. Expression of concern “A ceRNA network mediated by LINC00475 in papillary thyroid carcinoma”
  149. Expression of concern “Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway”
  150. Expression of concern “circ_0020123 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via PDZD8”
  151. Corrigendum
  152. Corrigendum to “Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism”
  153. Corrigendum to “Comparing the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for early-stage breast cancer: A meta-analysis”
  154. Corrigendum to “The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges”
  155. Retraction
  156. Retraction of “miR-654-5p promotes gastric cancer progression via the GPRIN1/NF-κB pathway”
  157. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part II
  158. Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
  159. Lathyrol affects the expression of AR and PSA and inhibits the malignant behavior of RCC cells
  160. The era of increasing cancer survivorship: Trends in fertility preservation, medico-legal implications, and ethical challenges
  161. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ
  162. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
  163. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part IV
  164. Exploration of mRNA-modifying METTL3 oncogene as momentous prognostic biomarker responsible for colorectal cancer development
  165. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part III
  166. Interaction and verification of ferroptosis-related RNAs Rela and Stat3 in promoting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
  167. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part II
  168. Dynamic changes in lactate-related genes in microglia and their role in immune cell interactions after ischemic stroke
  169. A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing’s sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis
  170. Special Issue Diabetes
  171. Nutritional risk assessment and nutritional support in children with congenital diabetes during surgery
  172. Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang
  173. Special Issue Biomarker Discovery and Precision Medicine
  174. CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms
Heruntergeladen am 8.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2025-1213/html
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