Home Antibiotics therapy combined with probiotics administered intravaginally for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Article Open Access

Antibiotics therapy combined with probiotics administered intravaginally for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Siyu Ma , Wei Wang , Yanli Su , Wei Sun EMAIL logo and Liyan Ma EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 13, 2023
Download Article (PDF)
Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 18 Issue 1

Abstract

The objective was to examine the pooled effects of antibiotic–probiotic combinations by examining the cure rate and recurrence rate for bacterial vaginosis (BV). A systematic literature search was conducted from electronic databases. All parallel randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effects of antibiotics combined with intravaginal probiotics were included. Cure rate and recurrence rate were the primary and secondary outcomes to be analyzed. Meta-analysis was conducted following the Cochrane handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. As a result, of 923 studies identified, 11 articles involving 1,493 BV patients met the inclusion criteria and nine were available for meta-analysis. A meta-analysis of two studies evaluated the recurrence rate 12–16 weeks after treatment. Results showed a statistically significant difference favoring the antibiotics plus probiotics group vs the antibiotics plus placebo group (relative risk 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.85). The narrative review in one study indicated that the cure rate was higher in the antibiotics plus probiotics group, giving a significant HR ratio of 0.73 (95% CI 0.54–0.98) (p = 0.042). In conclusion, vaginal application of Lactobacillus in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of BV could be a promising method for both reducing the recurrence rate and relieving symptoms of BV.

Keywords: vaginitis; metronidazole; clindamycin; lactobacilli; recurrence rate; cure rate

1 Introduction

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infectious disease caused by the decrease or disappearance of lactobacilli and the increase of facultative anaerobes and anaerobes. Under antibiotic treatment, such as nitroimidazoles (metronidazole and tinidazole) and clindamycin, the BV recurrence rate remains high at up to 80% [1]. BV is associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, post-surgical infection, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and sexually transmitted diseases. The incidence of BV varies in different countries and regions owing to different populations, races, and diagnostic methods, ranging from 7.1 to 29.2% in North America, 7.0 to 23.2% in Western Europe, 16.2 to 50.0% in the Middle East, and 10.3 to 32.5% in South and Southeast Asia [2]. In Africa, this rate is 29.9–52.4% [3]. Survey data in China show that BV is present in around 11.0% of women undergoing physical examination [4] and 36.0–60.0% of patients with vaginal inflammation in gynecological clinics [5,6,7]. Currently, BV diagnosis is mostly based on Amsel clinical diagnostic criteria and Gram-staining Nugent score diagnostic criteria [8,9,10]. Antibiotics alone are not satisfactory in treating BV, and for recurrent BV, there is no accepted optimal management plan. Lactobacillus preparations provide a new option for the treatment of BV [11]. A review published in 2020 discovered that Lactobacillus had a positive influence on immunomodulation and restoration of healthy microflora in the gut and vagina. It also indicated that Lactobacillus had beneficial effects in reducing the recurrence rate of vaginal infection and preventing vaginally-acquired infections [12].

At present, the administration of probiotics is mainly by mouth [13]. Theoretically, vaginal administration of probiotics could allow a more direct, quicker, and targeted colonizing action to restore the altered vaginal microbiota. A systematic review published in 2021 indicated that vaginal probiotics moderately modulated the relative abundance of abnormal microbiota, coinciding with an increase in Lactobacillus species [14].

In recent years, studies have shown that antibiotics and vaginal probiotics are effective in improving the cure rate and reducing the recurrence rate of BV [15,16]. However, a systematic review of research in this field is still lacking. In particular, for recurrent BV, it is not known whether antibiotics combined with vaginal probiotics provide a more effective treatment. The purpose of this systematic review was to make a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the current studies on antibiotics plus vaginal use of probiotics for BV, so as to clarify the value of this combination of medications and provide a basis for clinicians’ decision-making and further research.

2 Methods

2.1 Data sources and searching strategies

This systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), the registration number was CRD42014015079. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines were followed in the construction of this systematic review [17]. A comprehensive search was conducted in the following electronic databases from their inception to August 2021: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE/PubMed, and EMBASE. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also screened for eligible literature. Searches were limited to articles published in English and conducted on humans. Table 1 presents the search strategy for MEDLINE.

Table 1

MEDLINE search strategy

Search items
1 RCT
2 Controlled clinical trial
3 Randomized
4 Trial
5 or/1–4
6 Bacterial vaginosis or BV/
7 Bacterial vaginitis or BV/
8 or/6–7
9 Drug therapy/
10 Treatment/
11 Antibiotics/
12 or/9–11
13 Probiotics/
14 Lactobacillus/
15 or/13–14
16 5 and 8 and 12 and 15

2.2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

We included only parallel RCTs. Studies that did not provide sufficient data for extraction or calculations were excluded.

A participants, interventions, comparators, outcome measures framework was used to determine the eligibility for study inclusion.

  1. Participants: Patients diagnosed with BV, with or without symptoms, based on Amsel’s criteria or the Nugent score.

  2. Interventions: Probiotics administered intravaginally in conjunction with antibiotic therapy, oral or intravaginal.

  3. Comparators: No treatment, placebo, or a different probiotic/antibiotic type or probiotic/antibiotic dose.

  4. Outcome measures: The primary outcome was the BV cure rate. The secondary outcome was the recurrence rate of BV, defined as the presence of ≥3 for Amsel’s criteria or a Nugent score ≥7.

2.3 Selection of studies

S.M. and W.W. independently screened the search results by reading through titles and abstracts. After removing duplicates and ineligible articles, the reviewers read the full texts to determine whether they were able to be included. Studies were excluded if participants used antibiotics or probiotics solely or were co-infected with other sexually transmitted infections. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer, L.M. Study selection is summarized in a PRISMA flow diagram (Figure 1).

Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 1

PRISMA flow diagram.

2.4 Risk of bias assessment

W.S. and L.M., two independent reviewers, used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess the risk of bias. The sources of bias included: selection bias (random sequence generation and allocation concealment); performance bias (blinding of participants and personnel); detection bias (blinding of outcome assessment); attrition bias (incomplete outcome data); and reporting bias (selective outcome reporting). The risk of bias was rated using predetermined criteria as follows: low, high, or unclear. As a result, one of the included studies indicated a low risk of bias, three of the studies were considered high risk of bias, and the other seven were unclear (some concerns) of risk of bias.

2.5 Data extraction and management

W.W. and S.M., two review authors, independently assessed and extracted the study data using a data extraction form that covered basic details, participant details, diagnostic procedures (Amsel’s criteria or Nugent score), intervention details (genus of the probiotics and dose and duration of the probiotics and antibiotics), and outcome measures (cure rates of BV, recurrences rates of BV, vaginal lactobacilli colonization, restoration of a normal vaginal microbiota, and occurrence of adverse effects). Extracted data were checked by W.S. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. In case further information or clarification was needed, the corresponding author of the original article was contacted through email.

2.6 Data synthesis

We used the RevMan Analyses statistical package in Review Manager (version 5.3) (Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014). For dichotomous outcomes, we derived the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each study. Where there is heterogeneity (I 2 > 75%), a random-effect model was used.

We also provided a narrative review for studies that cannot be meta-analyzed.

2.7 Confidence in cumulative evidence

In order to describe the strength of evidence bodies acquired from meta-analysis, we used the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess bias risk, consistency, directness, precision, and publication bias [18]. The quality of the evidence bodies was identified as high (the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect), moderate (the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different), low (the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect), or very low (the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect).

3 Results

3.1 Identification of studies

A total of 923 studies were obtained by searching established databases. After removing 329 duplicates, we read and screened 594 titles and abstracts. In the next step, we excluded 566 articles based on the title and abstract, because their research content did not conform to this review. The full texts of 28 studies were downloaded and screened based on the predefined inclusion criteria. Altogether 17 studies were excluded for the following reasons: three studies did not report data on the outcome(s) of interest [15,16,19], two studies were shown to be non-RCTs [20,21], one study was considered to be a duplication of a former publication [22], seven studies introduced unqualified experimental interventions such as oral probiotics [23–27] and complementary medicine [28], two studies focused on ineligible participants (vaginal infections instead of BV) [29,30], and two studies did not provide adequate data and did not reply to our inquiry emails [31,32]. Finally, 11 studies were included [33–43]. We also screened the reference lists of included studies, which located 38 trials. No additional studies were included. The reasons for exclusion covered duplication, disqualification of study type, participants, and interventions. The literature screening process of databases is shown in Figure 1.

3.2 Description of included studies

A total of 1,493 BV patients were involved in this systematic review. The publication year of the included studies ranged from 2005 to 2020. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 30 in South Africa [36] to 450 in Australia [33]. Two studies were three-armed [33,37]; others were two-armed [34–36,38–43].

Five studies compared antibiotics plus probiotics administered sequentially vs antibiotics plus placebo administered sequentially [33–35,40,41]. Four studies compared antibiotics plus probiotics administered sequentially vs antibiotics only [36–39]. In the control group, participants did not have any treatment after completion of antibiotics courses. The above research data were combined for meta-analysis.

The three-armed study also compared oral metronidazole plus probiotics administered sequentially vs oral metronidazole plus vaginal clindamycin administered sequentially [37]. One study compared antibiotics plus probiotics administered simultaneously vs antibiotics plus placebo administered simultaneously [42]. One study compared antibiotics plus continuous probiotics (once daily) administered sequentially vs antibiotics plus interrupted use of probiotics (twice a week) administered sequentially [43]. A narrative review was done for these studies.

Antibiotics used in the experimental group included metronidazole [33,34,36,38,41,42], clindamycin [35,39,40,43], and a combination of three oral antibiotics: cefixime, doxycycline, and metronidazole [37]. Of the included 11 studies, two used Lactobacillus crispatus for the treatment or prevention of BV and nine used non-L. crispatus strains. The characteristics of the included studies are shown in Table A1.

3.3 Risk of bias evaluation results

Figure 2 shows the risk of bias. For studies that used a non-placebo control, it was not possible to blind patients; therefore, these studies were considered to have a high risk of performance bias [36,38,39]. In addition, the most common factors leading to study quality degradation were selection bias, which meant that some included studies did not describe any form of allocation concealment [35,37–40], and detection bias, which meant that some studies did not clarify whether the outcome assessors were blinded [35,37,38,40,42,43].

Figure 2 The risk of bias summary of included studies.
Figure 2

The risk of bias summary of included studies.

3.4 Meta-analysis

3.4.1 Antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially)

3.4.1.1 Short-term cure rate (4–8 weeks)

Two studies evaluated the cure rate at 4–8 weeks after treatment [35,40], suggesting no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.74–1.06; Figure 3).

Figure 3 Short-term cure rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).
Figure 3

Short-term cure rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).

3.4.1.2 Middle-term recurrence rate (12–16 weeks)

Two studies evaluated the recurrence rate at 12–16 weeks after treatment [34,41]. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45–0.85). Here, this meta-analysis contained one study that focused on first-onset BV36 and one study on recurrent BV [41]. As a single study, the Bohbot study did not show positive results (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.97), whereas the Cohen study had a result favoring the experimental group (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.96; Figure 4).

Figure 4 Middle-term recurrence rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).
Figure 4

Middle-term recurrence rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).

3.4.1.3 Long-term recurrence rate (24 weeks)

Two studies evaluated the recurrence rate 24 weeks after treatment [33,34] and suggested no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.55–1.26; Figure 5).

Figure 5 Long-term recurrence rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).
Figure 5

Long-term recurrence rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).

3.4.2 Antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotic-only short-term cure rate (4 weeks)

Four studies evaluated the cure rate 4 weeks after treatment [36–39], suggesting no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.63–2.23; Figure 6).

Figure 6 Short-term cure rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics only.
Figure 6

Short-term cure rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics only.

3.4.2.1 Long-term cure rate (24 weeks)

Three studies evaluated the cure rate at 24 weeks after treatment [35,37,38], suggesting a statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.94–1.59; Figure 7).

Figure 7 Long-term cure rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics only.
Figure 7

Long-term cure rate of antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics only.

3.5 Narrative analysis

Larsson’s study comparing antibiotics plus probiotics sequentially vs antibiotics plus placebo sequentially had a follow-up duration of six menstrual cycles [35]. At the end of the study, 64.9% (24/37) of first-onset BV patients in the experimental group were pronounced cured compared to 46.2% (18/39) of the placebo group, giving a significant HR ratio of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54–0.98; p = 0.042).

Bradshaw’s study compared oral metronidazole plus probiotics sequentially vs oral metronidazole plus vaginal clindamycin cream sequentially [33]. Short-term (4 weeks) and long-term (24 weeks) recurrence rates for first-onset BV patients were 9/133 vs 5/140 and 37/133 vs 42/140, respectively. Both recurrence rates were negative in inter-group comparisons at 23% (95% CIs 19–27) and 54% (95% CIs 49–59), respectively (p = 0.87).

Sgibnev’s study compared antibiotics plus probiotics administered simultaneously vs antibiotics plus placebo administered simultaneously for BV patients with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) [42]. Observation in this study was for a short term until 15 days after treatment. Results indicated that the combined use of probiotics and metronidazole reduced BV symptoms more effectively in comparison with the placebo at time points of the first stage (8 days) and second stage (15 days).

Elsharkawy’s study compared antibiotics plus continuous vaginal probiotics (once daily) sequentially vs antibiotics plus interrupted vaginal probiotics (twice a week) sequentially [43]. At the initial visit, 4 weeks after treatment, there was no significant difference in cure rate between the continuous probiotics group and interrupted probiotics group (87.4 vs 82.5%; p = 0.81). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the recurrence rate at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-up visits (p = 0.16, p = 0.42, p = 0.59, p = 0.66).

Happel’s study evaluated the recurrence rate between antibiotics plus probiotics sequentially vs antibiotics only at 24 weeks after treatment [36], suggesting no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.19–3.21).

3.6 GRADE evaluation results for evidence bodies from meta-analysis

Most of the evidence bodies generated after the combination of studies were of high quality according to GRADE evaluation, while a few of them were of medium quality. No evidence bodies of low or very low quality were produced. The main results of the GRADE evaluation are shown in Figures 8 and 9.

Figure 8 GRADE evaluation of evidence body on antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).
Figure 8

GRADE evaluation of evidence body on antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics + placebo (sequentially).

Figure 9 GRADE evaluation of evidence body on antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics only.
Figure 9

GRADE evaluation of evidence body on antibiotics + probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotics only.

4 Discussion

Although the use of antibiotics in combination with probiotics for BV has entered active clinical research, its true clinical value, specifically for antibiotics in combination with probiotics used vaginally, has not been fully evaluated to date. Two systematic reviews published in the past 2 years involved antibiotics in combination with probiotics to a limited extent [44,45], but neither had any restriction placed on probiotic administration. In addition, one study took BV and vulvovaginal candidiasis as a combined group of participants [44]. The oral route has been used and studied more often for treating BV despite a need for further transference to the colonization site. However, survival through the low pH of the upper gastrointestinal region may block the efficient transfer of oral probiotics. On the contrary, probiotics administered vaginally may control the recolonization of Lactobacillus without any transfer needs or survival concerns in treating vulvovaginal infections [46]. Oral and vaginal administrations, regardless of the continuous discussion, should be considered as a clinical heterogeneity in meta-analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the present review is the first to take this into account.

Probiotics have been verified as a safe and highly effective adjunctive therapy for the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and recurrent urinary tract infections [47,48]. In terms of the vagina, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics for their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens and the production of lactic acid and H2O2. Two trials (Bohbot and Cohen) in our meta-analysis report very promising results [34,41]. Middle-term recurrence rate (12–16 weeks) was significantly reduced after metronidazole combined with L. crispatus intravaginal administration compared with metronidazole plus placebo. As Cohen et al. presented, patients receiving vaginal L. crispatus CTV-05 for 10 weeks had a lower BV recurrence rate (30%) at 12 weeks following the initial treatment of metronidazole [34]. In another study (Bohbot et al.), L. crispatus was given for 4 weeks immediately after oral metronidazole, resulting in a significantly lower BV recurrence rate at 16 weeks compared with the placebo-control group (20.5% vs 43.2%) [41]. However, as shown in Figure 5, the 24 week follow-up did not reveal any difference in recurrence rate. Though Cohen et al. reported a protective effect of the intervention group at 24 weeks, Bradshaw’s study showed that there was no benefit from combining oral metronidazole with 12 days of vaginal Lactobacillus acidophilus [33,34]. This lack of combined significance may be explained by the difference in courses and strains of Lactobacillus administration, the heterogeneity of behavioral characteristics, and the compliance of participants over the long-term (24 weeks) follow-up period.

Duration of follow-up seemed to be a factor associated with the cure rate. No matter whether antibiotic plus placebo or antibiotic only was used as the control group, short-term (4 weeks) cure rates of antibiotics plus probiotics were overall negative in comparison, as shown in Figures 3 and 6. In these six studies, after antibiotic treatment finished, the experimental group received vaginal capsules or tampons containing mainly Lactobacillus from 10 days (or 8–10 times) to 6 months. With the exception of Petricevic’s study, the remaining studies showed no improvement after antibiotic plus probiotic treatment. A limitation was that these studies assessed the short-term (4 weeks) cure rate immediately after probiotic use. Fortunately, during the long-term follow-up (24 weeks) of Larsson’s study, the cure rate of the experimental group was significantly improved compared with the placebo group (64.9% vs 46.2%, p = 0.042) [35]. Therefore, we speculated that a sufficient time for the vaginal colonization of extraneous lactobacilli to reconstruct the normal vaginal flora is essential for the assessment of the therapeutic effect.

Figure 7 shows that the long-term (24 weeks) cure rate was not significantly higher in the experimental group (antibiotics combined with probiotics) than in the control group (antibiotic only). In Marcone’s study, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.07), the results still indicated that vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus rhamnosus took better control of BV [38]. In another study from Macotte et al., after a single oral dose of metronidazole, the 6-month BV cure rates were similar between the antibiotic plus probiotic group (3/12, 25%) and antibiotic-only group (3/12, 25%) [37]. There may be two reasons for this negative result: (i) It is possible that the sample size of these included studies was ultimately not large enough to detect statistically significant differences between the treatment groups; (ii) Macotte et al.’s study used metronidazole in a single oral dose, which possibly led to a lower cure rate than the generally recommended 7-day course of metronidazole. Compared with the subgroup of antibiotics plus probiotics (sequentially) vs antibiotic-only, a placebo-controlled study from Larsson et al. showed a significantly high long-term cure rate in the experimental group. Participants were not given any trade names or information to enable them to link a product with its appearance or duration of therapy, which would bring a subject-expectancy effect to the participants in the antibiotics plus placebo group.

In the three-armed study, Bradshaw et al. compared the recurrence rate of oral metronidazole plus probiotics sequentially vs oral metronidazole plus vaginal clindamycin cream sequentially at 4 weeks and 24 weeks. Results showed that the use of metronidazole combined with lactobacilli or clindamycin had a similar recurrence rate. The advantage is that the administration of lactobacilli could reduce the use of antibiotics. Furthermore, a combination of two different categories of antibacterial is not included in the current treatment guidelines suggested by the Centers for Disease Control.

There seems to be a consensus that antibiotics and probiotics should be used sequentially instead of simultaneously. In contrast to metronidazole, clindamycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the growth of normal flora and might increase the vaginal reservoir of macrolide-resistant bacteria. However, the administration frequency of probiotics was to be unified. Elsharkawy’s study indicated continuous probiotics (once daily) and interrupted vaginal probiotics (twice a week) had a similar short-term cure rate and recurrence rate up to 9 months [43]. This may provide an economic choice for undeveloped areas.

Cohen et al. reported that recurrence of BV occurred in 30% of participants, and L. crispatus CTV-05 was detected in 79% of participants in the probiotic group at 12 weeks [34]. This indicated that the higher the vaginal colonization with L. crispatus, the better the prevention effect for recurrence. Therefore, vaginal probiotics may be the dawn of future research that will lead to more efficient ways of exogenous lactobacilli colonization in the vagina as vaginal microbiome transplants (VMTs). In five case series presented by Lev-Sagie et al., VMT was associated with full long-term remission until the end of follow-up at 5–21 months after VMT, defined as a marked improvement of symptoms according to Amsel criteria; the appearance of microscopic vaginal fluid and restore of a Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiome [49].

There were two limitations in our research. One, no studies conducted in Asia or South America were included. Two, no subgroup/sensitivity or publication bias analysis was carried out because of the low number of included studies.

5 Conclusions

In conclusion, the vaginal application of lactobacilli after administration of antibiotics for the treatment of BV could be a promising method both for reducing the risk of recurrence of BV and for reducing symptoms. Therefore, lactobacilli may be helpful in improving the reproductive health of women. Further well-designed and larger trials are needed to determine factors including probiotic strain selection and dose/frequency of administration.

# These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

tel: +86-13693265530
tel: +86-13439382395

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr Xiaohai Wu, the library director at Beijing Friendship Hospital, for his assistance in the development of the search strategy and the electronic databases.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 30972819]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

  2. Conflict of interest: The authors report that there is no conflicts of interest in this work.

  3. Data availability statement: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Appendix

Table A1

Characteristics of 11 included studies in the systematic review of antibiotics therapy combined with probiotics administered intravaginally for the treatment of BV

No. Author (year of publication) Participants Sample size Interventions and durations Outcome measures and follow-up periods (weeks after therapy)
E C1 C2 E C1 C2
1 Bradshaw (2012) [33] First-onset BV 150 150 150 Oral metronidazole 400 mg twice daily for 7 days plus (sequentially) probiotics contained at least 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of live L. acidophilus KS400, 0.03 mg estriol, and excipients Oral metronidazole 400 mg twice daily for 7 days plus (sequentially) placebo (a single vaginal pessary) for 12 nights Oral metronidazole 400 mg twice daily for 7 days plus (sequentially) vaginal 2% clindamycin cream in a plain white tube for 7 nights Recurrence rate (4 weeks)
Recurrence rate (24 weeks)
2 Cohen (2020) [34] First-onset BV 152 76 Vaginal 0.75% metronidazole gel for 5 days plus (sequentially) four consecutive daily doses of Lactin-V during week 1, followed by twice weekly doses for 10 weeks Vaginal 0.75% metronidazole gel for 5 days plus (sequentially) four consecutive daily doses of placebo during week 1, followed by twice weekly doses for 10 weeks Recurrence rate (12–16 weeks)
3 Larsson (2008) [35] First-onset BV 50 50 2% Vaginal clindamycin cream for 7 days plus (sequentially) vaginal gelatin capsules containing 108–109 freeze-dried lactobacilli for 10 days or until menstruation commenced. The treatment with vaginal lactobacilli capsules was repeated for three cycles 2% Vaginal clindamycin cream for 7 days plus (sequentially) placebo capsules of identical appearance for 10 days or until menstruation commenced. The treatment with placebo was repeated for three cycles Cure rate (4–8 weeks)
Cure rate (24 weeks)
4 Happel (2020) [36] First-onset BV 18 12 0.75% Metronidazole gel, 5 g vaginally, once a day for 5 days plus 10 days of oral capsules together with twice daily vaginal spray, which contained lyophilized L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus GG, Bacillus bifidum, and Bacillus longum at ≥2 × 109 CFU 0.75% Metronidazole gel, 5 g vaginally, once a day for 5 days only Cure rate(4 weeks)
Recurrence rate (24 weeks)
5 Marcotte (2019) [37] First-onset BV (healthy for C2) 12 14 13 Cefixime (400 mg stat), doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 7 days) and metronidazole (2 g stat) plus (sequentially) self-administered probiotic capsules containing probiotic strains L. gasseri DSM 14869 and L. rhamnosus DSM 14870 at 1 × 108 CFU of each strain/capsule vaginally once daily for 30 days thereafter once a week until Day 190 Cefixime (400 mg stat), doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 7 days) and metronidazole (2 g stat) only Self-administered probiotic capsules containing probiotic strains Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 14869 and L. rhamnosus DSM 14870 at 1 × 108 CFU of each strain/capsule vaginally once daily for 30 days thereafter once a week until Day 190 Cure rate (4 weeks)
Cure rate (24 weeks)
Recurrence rate (24 weeks)
6 Marcone (2008) [38] First-onset BV 42 42 Oral metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 7 days plus (sequentially) vaginal application (one tablet containing 40 mg, i.e., >40,000 CFU) of freeze-dried L. rhamnosus once a week at bedtime for 2 months Oral metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 7 days only Cure rate (4 weeks)
Cure rate (24 weeks)
7 Petricevic (2008) [39] First-onset BV 95 95 2 × 300 mg Clindamycin for 7 days plus(sequentially) vaginal Lactobacillus capsule (Gynophilus; Laboratoires Lyocentre, Aurillac Cedex, France) for 7 days. Each capsule contained at least 109 CFU of live L. casei rhamnosus (Lcr35), 5.59 mg lactose, and 3.41 mg magnesium stearate 2 × 300 mg Clindamycin for 7 days only Cure rate (4 weeks)
8 Eriksson (2005) [40] First-onset BV 127 128 Clindamycin ovules 100 mg vaginally once daily for 3 days plus (sequentially) tampons impregnated with freeze-dried Lactobacillus gasseri, L. casei var rhamnosus and L. fermentum during the following menstruation Clindamycin ovules 100 mg vaginally once daily for 3 days plus (sequentially) placebo tampons Cure rate (4–8 weeks)
9 Bohbot (2018) [41] Recurrent BV 50 48 Oral metronidazole treatment 1 g/day for 7 days plus (sequentially) vaginal capsules of L. crispatus IP 174178 (109 CFU per gram for 14 days for two menstrual cycles Oral metronidazole treatment 1 g/day for 7 days plus(sequentially) placebo capsules Recurrence rate (12–16 weeks)
10 Sgibnev (2020) [42] BV with Trichomonas Vaginalis 44 42 Metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 7 days plus (simultaneously) one capsule of a probiotic Gynophilus® (Laboratoires Lyocentre, France) vaginally twice a day for 7 days Metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 7 days plus (simultaneously) one capsule of a placebo vaginally twice a day for 7 days Cure rate(4 days)
Cure rate (8 days)
Cure rate (15 days)
11 Elsharkawy (2021) [43] Recurrent BV 144 129 Clindamycin 2% vaginal cream 5 g at bedtime for 7 days plus (sequentially) continuous probiotics vaginal capsule once daily for 6 weeks Clindamycin 2% vaginal cream 5 g at bedtime for 7 days plus (sequentially) interrupted probiotics vaginal capsule twice a week once daily for 6 weeks Cure rate (1 month)
Recurrence rate (1 month)
Recurrence rate (3 months)
Recurrence rate (6 months)
Recurrence rate (9 months)

E = Experimental group; C1 = Control group 1; C2 = Control group 2.

References

[1] Hay P. Recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2009;22(1):82–6.10.1097/QCO.0b013e32832180c6Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[2] Kenyon C, Colebunders R, Crucitti T. The global epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209(6):505–23.10.1016/j.ajog.2013.05.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[3] Torrone EA, Morrison CS, Chen PL, Kwok C, Francis SC, Hayes RJ, et al. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among women in sub-Saharan Africa: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 18 HIV prevention studies. PLoS Med. 2018;15(2):e1002511.10.1371/journal.pmed.1002511Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[4] Xiao B, Liu C, Liao Q. Analysis on the factors that affect the distribution of Lactobacillus in vagina. Chin J Pract Gynecol Obstet. 2008;24(6):427–9.Search in Google Scholar

[5] Meng L, Xue Y, Yue T, Yang L, Gao L, An RF. The correlation between HPV infection and occurrence of BV, VVC and TV: A clinical study based on 1261 gynecological outpatients. Chin J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;51(10):730–3.Search in Google Scholar

[6] Zhang D, Liu C, Liao Q, Qiao Q, Xue FX. Vaginal microecology of Chinese outpatients. Chin J Lab Med. 2018;41(4):287–91.Search in Google Scholar

[7] Fan A, Yue Y, Geng N, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xue F. Aerobic vaginitis and mixed infections: comparison of clinical and laboratory findings. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013;287(2):329–35.10.1007/s00404-012-2571-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[8] Eschenbach DA, Hillier S, Critchlow C, Stevens C, DeRouen T, Holmes KK. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158(4):819–28.10.1016/0002-9378(88)90078-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G, Mendling W, Jensen JS. 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. Int J STD AIDS. 2018;29(13);1258–72.10.1177/0956462418785451Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[10] Forsum U, Hallen A, Larsson PG. Bacterial vaginosis – a laboratory and clinical diagnostics enigma. APMIS. 2005;113(3):153–61.10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130301.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Marrazzo JM, Cook RL, Wiesenfeld HC, Murray PJ, Busse B, Krohn M, et al. Women’s satisfaction with an intravaginal Lactobacillus capsule for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. J Women’s Health. 2006;15(9):1053–60.10.1089/jwh.2006.15.1053Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[12] Chee WJY, Chew SY, Than LTL. Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health. Microb Cell Fact. 2020;19(1):203.10.1186/s12934-020-01464-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[13] de Goffau MC, Lager S, Salter SJ, Wagner J, Kronbichler A, Charnock-Jones DS, et al. Recognizing the reagent microbiome. Nat Microbiol. 2018;3(8):851–3.10.1038/s41564-018-0202-ySearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[14] López-Moreno A, Aguilera M. Vaginal probiotics for reproductive health and related dysbiosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(7):1461.10.3390/jcm10071461Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[15] van de Wijgert JHHM, Verwijs MC, Agaba SK, Bronowski C, Mwambarangwe L, Uwineza M, et al. Intermittent lactobacilli-containing vaginal probiotic or metronidazole use to prevent bacterial vaginosis recurrence: A pilot study incorporating microscopy and sequencing. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):3884.10.1038/s41598-020-60671-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[16] Verwijs MC, Agaba S, Umulisa MM, Uwineza M, Nivoliez A, Lievens E, et al. Vaginal probiotic adherence and acceptability in Rwandan women with high sexual risk participating in a pilot randomised controlled trial: A mixed-methods approach. BMJ Open. 2020;10(5):e031819.10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031819Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[17] Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535.10.1136/bmj.b2535Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[18] Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):401–6.10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[19] Ngugi BM, Hemmerling A, Bukusi EA, Kikuvi G, Gikunju J, Shiboski S, et al. Effects of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and sexual intercourse on vaginal colonization with the probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(11):1020–7.10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182267ac4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[20] Baldacci F, Baldacci M, Bertini M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 + lactose, a symbiotic long-lasting vaginal approach to improve women’s health. Int J Womens Health. 2020;12:1099–104.10.2147/IJWH.S259311Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[21] Larsson PG, Brandsborg E, Forsum U, Pendharkar S, Andersen KK, Nasic S, et al. Extended antimicrobial treatment of bacterial vaginosis combined with human lactobacilli to find the best treatment and minimize the risk of relapses. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:223.10.1186/1471-2334-11-223Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[22] Bradshaw CS, Vodstrcil LA, Hocking JS, Law M, Pirotta M, Garland SM, et al. Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is significantly associated with posttreatment sexual activities and hormonal contraceptive use. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(6):777–86.10.1093/cid/cis1030Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[23] Thulkar J, Kriplani A, Agarwal N. Probiotic and metronidazole treatment for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010;108(3):251–2.10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.09.029Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[24] Martinez RC, Franceschini SA, Patta MC, Quintana SM, Gomes BC, De Martinis EC, et al. Improved cure of bacterial vaginosis with single dose of tinidazole (2 g), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Can J Microbiol. 2009;55(2):133–8.10.1139/W08-102Search in Google Scholar

[25] Anukam K, Osazuwa E, Ahonkhai I, Ngwu M, Osemene G, Bruce AW, et al. Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes Infect. 2006;8(6):1450–4.10.1016/j.micinf.2006.01.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[26] Russo R, Karadja E, De Seta F. Evidence-based mixture containing Lactobacillus strains and lactoferrin to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis: A double blind, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial. Benef Microbes. 2019;10(1):19–26.10.3920/BM2018.0075Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Ratna Sudha M, Yelikar KA, Deshpande S. Clinical study of Bacillus coagulans unique IS-2 (ATCC PTA-11748) in the treatment of patients with bacterial vaginosis. Indian J Microbiol. 2012;52(3):396–9.10.1007/s12088-011-0233-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[28] Patel Y, Gopalan S, Bagga R, Sharma M, Chopra S, Sethi S. A randomized trial comparing a polyherbal pessary (a complementary and alternative medicine) with Ginlac-V pessary (containing clotrimazole, tinidazole and lactobacilli) for treatment of women with symptomatic vaginal discharge. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2008;278(4):341–7.10.1007/s00404-008-0568-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[29] Ozkinay E, Terek MC, Yayci M, Kaiser R, Grob P, Tuncay G. The effectiveness of live lactobacilli in combination with low dose oestriol (Gynoflor) to restore the vaginal flora after treatment of vaginal infections. BJOG. 2005;112(2):234–40.10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00329.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[30] Ehrström S, Daroczy K, Rylander E, Samuelsson C, Johannesson U, Anzén B, et al. Lactic acid bacteria colonization and clinical outcome after probiotic supplementation in conventionally treated bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Microbes Infect. 2010;12(10):691–9.10.1016/j.micinf.2010.04.010Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[31] Hemmerling A, Harrison W, Schroeder A, Park J, Korn A, Shiboski S, et al. Phase 2a study assessing colonization efficiency, safety, and acceptability of Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 in women with bacterial vaginosis. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37(12):745–50.10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181e50026Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[32] Bodean O, Munteanu O, Cirstoiu C, Secara D, Cirstoiu M. Probiotics – a helpful additional therapy for bacterial vaginosis. J Med Life. 2013;6(4):434–6.Search in Google Scholar

[33] Bradshaw CS, Pirotta M, De Guingand D, Hocking JS, Morton AN, Garland SM, et al. Efficacy of oral metronidazole with vaginal clindamycin or vaginal probiotic for bacterial vaginosis: Randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34540.10.1371/journal.pone.0034540Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[34] Cohen CR, Wierzbicki MR, French AL, Morris S, Newmann S, Reno H, et al. A. Randomized trial of Lactin-V to prevent recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1906–15.10.1056/NEJMoa1915254Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[35] Larsson PG, Stray-Pedersen B, Ryttig KR, Larsen S. Human lactobacilli as supplementation of clindamycin to patients with bacterial vaginosis reduce the recurrence rate; a 6-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BMC Womens Health. 2008;8:3.10.1186/1472-6874-8-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[36] Happel AU, Singh R, Mitchev N, Mlisana K, Jaspan HB, Barnabas SL, et al. Testing the regulatory framework in South Africa – a single-blind randomized pilot trial of commercial probiotic supplementation to standard therapy in women with bacterial vaginosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):491.10.1186/s12879-020-05210-4Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[37] Marcotte H, Larsson PG, Andersen KK, Zuo F, Mikkelsen LS, Brandsborg E, et al. An exploratory pilot study evaluating the supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with probiotic lactobacilli in South African women with bacterial vaginosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):824.10.1186/s12879-019-4425-1Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[38] Marcone V, Calzolari E, Bertini M. Effectiveness of vaginal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus following conventional metronidazole therapy: How to lower the rate of bacterial vaginosis recurrences. N Microbiol. 2008;31(3):429–33.Search in Google Scholar

[39] Petricevic L, Witt A. The role of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Lcr35 in restoring the normal vaginal flora after antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis. BJOG. 2008;115(11):1369–74.10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01882.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[40] Eriksson K, Carlsson B, Forsum U, Larsson PG. A double-blind treatment study of bacterial vaginosis with normal vaginal lactobacilli after an open treatment with vaginal clindamycin ovules. Acta Derm Venereol. 2005;85(1):42–6.10.1080/00015550410022249Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[41] Bohbot JM, Daraï E, Bretelle F, Brami G, Daniel C, Cardot JM. Efficacy and safety of vaginally administered lyophilized Lactobacillus crispatus IP 174178 in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis recurrence. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2018;47(2):81–6.10.1016/j.jogoh.2017.11.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[42] Sgibnev A, Kremleva E. Probiotics in addition to metronidazole for treatment Trichomonas vaginalis in the presence of BV: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(2):345–51.10.1007/s10096-019-03731-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[43] Elsharkawy I, Noureldin E, Mohamed E, et al. Continuous versus interrupted use of vaginal probiotics plus vaginal clindamycin cream for bacterial vaginosis: A randomized controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34(1):58–65.10.1080/14767058.2019.1588246Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[44] Jeng HS, Yan TR, Chen JY. Treating vaginitis with probiotics in non-pregnant females: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(4):3749–65.10.3892/etm.2020.9090Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[45] Li C, Wang T, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang Q, He J, et al. Probiotics for the treatment of women with bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019;864:172660.10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172660Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[46] Mombelli B, Gismondo MR. The use of probiotics in medical practice. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000;16:531–6.10.1016/S0924-8579(00)00322-8Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[47] Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR, Wang Z, Miles JN, Shanman R, et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;307:1959–69.10.1001/jama.2012.3507Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[48] Schwenger Erin M, Tejani Aaron M, Loewen Peter S. Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. undefined: CD008772.10.1002/14651858.CD008772.pub2Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[49] Lev-Sagie A, Goldman-Wohl D, Cohen Y, Dori-Bachash M, Leshem A, Mor U, et al. Vaginal microbiome transplantation in women with intractable bacterial vaginosis. Nat Med. 2019;25:1500–4.10.1038/s41591-019-0600-6Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Received: 2022-02-13
Revised: 2022-11-17
Accepted: 2022-12-27
Published Online: 2023-09-13

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing miR-210 inhibits neuronal inflammation and contribute to neurite outgrowth through modulating microglia polarization
  3. Current situation of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a county hospital chest pain center during an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia
  4. circ-IARS depletion inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by circ-IARS/miR-1252-5p/HDGF ceRNA pathway
  5. circRNA ITGA7 restrains growth and enhances radiosensitivity by up-regulating SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma
  6. WDR79 promotes aerobic glycolysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by the suppression of SIRT4
  7. Up-regulation of collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) promotes malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer cell via inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)
  8. Inhibition of TERC inhibits neural apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury through Akt activation and p-38 inhibition via the miR-34a-5p/XBP-1 axis
  9. 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiO2 composite enhances the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by downregulating miR-154-5p
  10. Propofol-mediated circ_0000735 downregulation restrains tumor growth by decreasing integrin-β1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer
  11. PVT1/miR-16/CCND1 axis regulates gastric cancer progression
  12. Silencing of circ_002136 sensitizes gastric cancer to paclitaxel by targeting the miR-16-5p/HMGA1 axis
  13. Short-term outcomes after simultaneous gastrectomy plus cholecystectomy in gastric cancer: A pooling up analysis
  14. SCARA5 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma via inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
  15. Molecular mechanism by which the Notch signaling pathway regulates autophagy in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis in pigeon breeder’s lung
  16. lncRNA TPT1-AS1 promotes cell migration and invasion in esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas by regulating the miR-26a/HMGA1 axis
  17. SIRT1/APE1 promotes the viability of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting p53 to suppress ferroptosis
  18. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor to regulate neural stem cell survival and differentiation
  19. Treatments for brain metastases from EGFR/ALK-negative/unselected NSCLC: A network meta-analysis
  20. Association of osteoporosis and skeletal muscle loss with serum type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β glypeptide: A cross-sectional study in elder Chinese population
  21. circ_0000376 knockdown suppresses non-small cell lung cancer cell tumor properties by the miR-545-3p/PDPK1 pathway
  22. Delivery in a vertical birth chair supported by freedom of movement during labor: A randomized control trial
  23. UBE2J1 knockdown promotes cell apoptosis in endometrial cancer via regulating PI3K/AKT and MDM2/p53 signaling
  24. Metabolic resuscitation therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock: A pilot prospective randomized controlled trial
  25. Lycopene ameliorates locomotor activity and urinary frequency induced by pelvic venous congestion in rats
  26. UHRF1-induced connexin26 methylation is involved in hearing damage triggered by intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rats
  27. LINC00511 promotes melanoma progression by targeting miR-610/NUCB2
  28. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of serum metabolomic characteristics in people with different vitamin D levels
  29. Role of Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 and its inhibitor GSK-J4 in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  30. circ_0014736 induces GPR4 to regulate the biological behaviors of human placental trophoblast cells through miR-942-5p in preeclampsia
  31. Monitoring of sirolimus in the whole blood samples from pediatric patients with lymphatic anomalies
  32. Effects of osteogenic growth peptide C-terminal pentapeptide and its analogue on bone remodeling in an osteoporosis rat model
  33. A novel autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs signature predicting progression-free interval and I-131 therapy benefits in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  34. WGCNA-based identification of potential targets and pathways in response to treatment in locally advanced breast cancer patients
  35. Radiomics model using preoperative computed tomography angiography images to differentiate new from old emboli of acute lower limb arterial embolism
  36. Dysregulated lncRNAs are involved in the progress of myocardial infarction by constructing regulatory networks
  37. Single-arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of baclofen in treatment of intractable hiccup caused by malignant tumor chemotherapy
  38. Genetic polymorphisms of MRPS30-DT and NINJ2 may influence lung cancer risk
  39. Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis
  40. Pyroptosis-based risk score predicts prognosis and drug sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma
  41. Upregulation of lncRNA LANCL1-AS1 inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer via the miR-3680-3p/GMFG axis
  42. CircRANBP17 modulated KDM1A to regulate neuroblastoma progression by sponging miR-27b-3p
  43. Exosomal miR-93-5p regulated the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting ADAMTS9
  44. Downregulation of RBM17 enhances cisplatin sensitivity and inhibits cell invasion in human hypopharyngeal cancer cells
  45. HDAC5-mediated PRAME regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  46. The association between sleep duration, quality, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study
  47. Myostatin silencing inhibits podocyte apoptosis in membranous nephropathy through Smad3/PKA/NOX4 signaling pathway
  48. A novel long noncoding RNA AC125257.1 facilitates colorectal cancer progression by targeting miR-133a-3p/CASC5 axis
  49. Impact of omicron wave and associated control measures in Shanghai on health management and psychosocial well-being of patients with chronic conditions
  50. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of young patients aged ≤45 years old with non-small cell lung cancer
  51. TMT-based comprehensive proteomic profiling identifies serum prognostic signatures of acute myeloid leukemia
  52. The dose limits of teeth protection for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy based on the early oral health-related quality of life
  53. miR-30b-5p targeting GRIN2A inhibits hippocampal damage in epilepsy
  54. Long non-coding RNA AL137789.1 promoted malignant biological behaviors and immune escape of pancreatic carcinoma cells
  55. IRF6 and FGF1 polymorphisms in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Polish population
  56. Comprehensive analysis of the role of SFXN family in breast cancer
  57. Efficacy of bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients underwent conventional chemoradiotherapy
  58. Silencing of long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells by promoting miR-378a-5p expression
  59. AG1024, an IGF-1 receptor inhibitor, ameliorates renal injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy via the SOCS/JAK2/STAT pathway
  60. Downregulation of KIAA1199 alleviated the activation, proliferation, and migration of hepatic stellate cells by the inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
  61. Exendin-4 regulates the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways to alleviate the osteogenic inhibition of periodontal ligament stem cells in a high glucose environment
  62. Inhibition of glycolysis represses the growth and alleviates the endoplasmic reticulum stress of breast cancer cells by regulating TMTC3
  63. The function of lncRNA EMX2OS/miR-653-5p and its regulatory mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma
  64. Tectorigenin alleviates the apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury cell model through inhibiting insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6
  65. Ultrasound examination supporting CT or MRI in the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with irradiation-treated head and neck cancer
  66. F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells by degrading delta-like ligand 1 to block Notch signaling pathway
  67. Knockdown of circ_0005615 enhances the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer by regulating the miR-665/NOTCH1 axis
  68. Long noncoding RNA Mhrt alleviates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy phenotypes by mediating the miR-765/Wnt family member 7B pathway
  69. Effect of miR-499-5p/SOX6 axis on atrial fibrosis in rats with atrial fibrillation
  70. Cholesterol induces inflammation and reduces glucose utilization
  71. circ_0004904 regulates the trophoblast cell in preeclampsia via miR-19b-3p/ARRDC3 axis
  72. NECAB3 promotes the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells through HIF-1α/RIT1 signaling pathway
  73. The poor performance of cardiovascular risk scores in identifying patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies at high cardiovascular risk
  74. miR-2053 inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by downregulating SOX4
  75. Nucleophosmin 1 associating with engulfment and cell motility protein 1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell chemotaxis and metastasis
  76. α-Hederin regulates macrophage polarization to relieve sepsis-induced lung and liver injuries in mice
  77. Changes of microbiota level in urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  78. Identification of key enzalutamide-resistance-related genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer and verification of RAD51 functions
  79. Falls during oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies – (lessons learned from) a prospective study
  80. Outcomes of low-risk birth care during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cohort study from a tertiary care center in Lithuania
  81. Vitamin D protects intestines from liver cirrhosis-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
  82. Integrated transcriptome analysis identifies APPL1/RPS6KB2/GALK1 as immune-related metastasis factors in breast cancer
  83. Genomic analysis of immunogenic cell death-related subtypes for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes in glioblastoma multiforme
  84. Circular RNA Circ_0038467 promotes the maturation of miRNA-203 to increase lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes
  85. An economic evaluation of fine-needle cytology as the primary diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy
  86. Midazolam impedes lung carcinoma cell proliferation and migration via EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway
  87. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and experimental validation to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of naringin against renal fibrosis
  88. PTPN12 down-regulated by miR-146b-3p gene affects the malignant progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  89. miR-141-3p accelerates ovarian cancer progression and promotes M2-like macrophage polarization by targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway
  90. lncRNA OIP5-AS1 attenuates the osteoarthritis progression in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes
  91. Overexpression of LINC00607 inhibits cell growth and aggressiveness by regulating the miR-1289/EFNA5 axis in non-small-cell lung cancer
  92. Subjective well-being in informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic
  93. Nrf2 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission
  94. Unfolded protein response inhibits KAT2B/MLKL-mediated necroptosis of hepatocytes by promoting BMI1 level to ubiquitinate KAT2B
  95. Bladder cancer screening: The new selection and prediction model
  96. circNFATC3 facilitated the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-520h/LDHA axis
  97. Prone position effect in intensive care patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia
  98. Clinical observation on the efficacy of Tongdu Tuina manipulation in the treatment of primary enuresis in children
  99. Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates cerebral I/R injury in rats via regulating VWF and autophagy-mediated SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway
  100. Knockdown of circ_0113656 assuages oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell injury through the miR-188-3p/IGF2 pathway
  101. Low Ang-(1–7) and high des-Arg9 bradykinin serum levels are correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with COVID-19
  102. Effect of maternal age and body mass index on induction of labor with oral misoprostol for premature rupture of membrane at term: A retrospective cross-sectional study
  103. Potential protective effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction against COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: A network-based pharmacological and molecular docking study
  104. Clinical significance of serum MBD3 detection in girls with central precocious puberty
  105. Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus caused neurological diseases detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
  106. Collagen treatment of complex anorectal fistula: 3 years follow-up
  107. LncRNA CASC15 inhibition relieves renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through down-regulating SP-A by sponging to miR-424
  108. Efficacy analysis of empirical bismuth quadruple therapy, high-dose dual therapy, and resistance gene-based triple therapy as a first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen – An open-label, randomized trial
  109. SMOC2 plays a role in heart failure via regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway-mediated autophagy
  110. A prospective cohort study of the impact of chronic disease on fall injuries in middle-aged and older adults
  111. circRNA THBS1 silencing inhibits the malignant biological behavior of cervical cancer cells via the regulation of miR-543/HMGB2 axis
  112. hsa_circ_0000285 sponging miR-582-3p promotes neuroblastoma progression by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  113. Long non-coding RNA GNAS-AS1 knockdown inhibits proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells via the microRNA-433-3p/Rab3A axis
  114. lncRNA UCA1 regulates miR-132/Lrrfip1 axis to promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
  115. Twenty-four-color full spectrum flow cytometry panel for minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia
  116. Hsa-miR-223-3p participates in the process of anthracycline-induced cardiomyocyte damage by regulating NFIA gene
  117. Anti-inflammatory effect of ApoE23 on Salmonella typhimurium-induced sepsis in mice
  118. Analysis of somatic mutations and key driving factors of cervical cancer progression
  119. Hsa_circ_0028007 regulates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the miR-1179/SQLE axis
  120. Variations in sexual function after laparoendoscopic single-site hysterectomy in women with benign gynecologic diseases
  121. Effects of pharmacological delay with roxadustat on multi-territory perforator flap survival in rats
  122. Analysis of heroin effects on calcium channels in rat cardiomyocytes based on transcriptomics and metabolomics
  123. Risk factors of recurrent bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study
  124. Alkbh5 plays indispensable roles in maintaining self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells
  125. Study to compare the effect of casirivimab and imdevimab, remdesivir, and favipiravir on progression and multi-organ function of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
  126. Correlation between microvessel maturity and ISUP grades assessed using contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography in prostate cancer
  127. The protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the nephrotoxicity induced by α-cypermethrin
  128. Norepinephrine alleviates cyclosporin A-induced nephrotoxicity by enhancing the expression of SFRP1
  129. Effect of RUNX1/FOXP3 axis on apoptosis of T and B lymphocytes and immunosuppression in sepsis
  130. The function of Foxp1 represses β-adrenergic receptor transcription in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer through STAT3 activity
  131. Risk model and validation of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with cerebrovascular disease in the ICU
  132. Calycosin protects against chronic prostatitis in rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway
  133. Pan-cancer analysis of the PDE4DIP gene with potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic values in multiple cancers including acute myeloid leukemia
  134. The safety and immunogenicity to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with hyperlipemia
  135. Circ-UBR4 regulates the proliferation, migration, inflammation, and apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cells via miR-515-5p/IGF2 axis
  136. Clinical characteristics of current COVID-19 rehabilitation outpatients in China
  137. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via regulating immune response, oxidative stress, and metabolic profiling
  138. miR-199a-5p inhibits aortic valve calcification by targeting ATF6 and GRP78 in valve interstitial cells
  139. The application of iliac fascia space block combined with esketamine intravenous general anesthesia in PFNA surgery of the elderly: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  140. Elevated blood acetoacetate levels reduce major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events risk in acute myocardial infarction
  141. The effects of progesterone on the healing of obstetric anal sphincter damage in female rats
  142. Identification of cuproptosis-related genes for predicting the development of prostate cancer
  143. Lumican silencing ameliorates β-glycerophosphate-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by attenuating the inhibition of APOB on KIF2C activity
  144. Targeting PTBP1 blocks glutamine metabolism to improve the cisplatin sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells through modulating the mRNA stability of glutaminase
  145. A single center prospective study: Influences of different hip flexion angles on the measurement of lumbar spine bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
  146. Clinical analysis of AN69ST membrane continuous venous hemofiltration in the treatment of severe sepsis
  147. Antibiotics therapy combined with probiotics administered intravaginally for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Construction of a ceRNA network to reveal a vascular invasion associated prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma
  149. A pan-cancer analysis of STAT3 expression and genetic alterations in human tumors
  150. A prognostic signature based on seven T-cell-related cell clustering genes in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  151. Pepsin concentration in oral lavage fluid of rabbit reflux model constructed by dilating the lower esophageal sphincter
  152. The antihypertensive felodipine shows synergistic activity with immune checkpoint blockade and inhibits tumor growth via NFAT1 in LUSC
  153. Tanshinone IIA attenuates valvular interstitial cells’ calcification induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein via reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
  154. AS-IV enhances the antitumor effects of propofol in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy
  155. Establishment of two oxaliplatin-resistant gallbladder cancer cell lines and comprehensive analysis of dysregulated genes
  156. Trial protocol: Feasibility of neuromodulation with connectivity-guided intermittent theta-burst stimulation for improving cognition in multiple sclerosis
  157. LncRNA LINC00592 mediates the promoter methylation of WIF1 to promote the development of bladder cancer
  158. Factors associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility in critically ill patients
  159. Mechanisms by which spinal cord stimulation intervenes in atrial fibrillation: The involvement of the endothelin-1 and nerve growth factor/p75NTR pathways
  160. Analysis of two-gene signatures and related drugs in small-cell lung cancer by bioinformatics
  161. Silencing USP19 alleviates cigarette smoke extract-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in BEAS-2B cells by targeting FUNDC1
  162. Menstrual irregularities associated with COVID-19 vaccines among women in Saudi Arabia: A survey during 2022
  163. Ferroptosis involves in Schwann cell death in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
  164. The effect of AQP4 on tau protein aggregation in neurodegeneration and persistent neuroinflammation after cerebral microinfarcts
  165. Activation of UBEC2 by transcription factor MYBL2 affects DNA damage and promotes gastric cancer progression and cisplatin resistance
  166. Analysis of clinical characteristics in proximal and distal reflux monitoring among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
  167. Exosomal circ-0020887 and circ-0009590 as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of short-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in STEMI patients
  168. Upregulated microRNA-429 confers endometrial stromal cell dysfunction by targeting HIF1AN and regulating the HIF1A/VEGF pathway
  169. Bibliometrics and knowledge map analysis of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia
  170. Knockdown of NUPR1 inhibits angiogenesis in lung cancer through IRE1/XBP1 and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathways
  171. D-dimer trends predict COVID-19 patient’s prognosis: A retrospective chart review study
  172. WTAP affects intracranial aneurysm progression by regulating m6A methylation modification
  173. Using of endoscopic polypectomy in patients with diagnosed malignant colorectal polyp – The cross-sectional clinical study
  174. Anti-S100A4 antibody administration alleviates bronchial epithelial–mesenchymal transition in asthmatic mice
  175. Prognostic evaluation of system immune-inflammatory index and prognostic nutritional index in double expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  176. Prevalence and antibiogram of bacteria causing urinary tract infection among patients with chronic kidney disease
  177. Reactive oxygen species within the vaginal space: An additional promoter of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and uterine cervical cancer development?
  178. Identification of disulfidptosis-related genes and immune infiltration in lower-grade glioma
  179. A new technique for uterine-preserving pelvic organ prolapse surgery: Laparoscopic rectus abdominis hysteropexy for uterine prolapse by comparing with traditional techniques
  180. Self-isolation of an Italian long-term care facility during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison study on care-related infectious episodes
  181. A comparative study on the overlapping effects of clinically applicable therapeutic interventions in patients with central nervous system damage
  182. Low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Long-term follow-up
  183. The diagnostic accuracy of touch imprint cytology for sentinel lymph node metastases of breast cancer: An up-to-date meta-analysis of 4,073 patients
  184. Mortality associated with Sjögren’s syndrome in the United States in the 1999–2020 period: A multiple cause-of-death study
  185. CircMMP11 as a prognostic biomarker mediates miR-361-3p/HMGB1 axis to accelerate malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
  186. Analysis of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (none APL) with PTPN11 mutations
  187. KMT2A maintains stemness of gastric cancer cells through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling-activated transcriptional factor KLF11
  188. Evaluation of placental oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy in relation to ultrasound maturation grade in physiological term pregnancies
  189. The role of ultrasonographic findings for PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative breast cancer
  190. Construction of immunogenic cell death-related molecular subtypes and prognostic signature in colorectal cancer
  191. Long-term prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
  192. Establishing a novel Fanconi anemia signaling pathway-associated prognostic model and tumor clustering for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients
  193. Integrative bioinformatics analysis reveals STAT2 as a novel biomarker of inflammation-related cardiac dysfunction in atrial fibrillation
  194. Adipose-derived stem cells repair radiation-induced chronic lung injury via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad 3 signaling pathway
  195. Real-world practice of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a 2000–2016 cohort
  196. lncRNA LENGA sponges miR-378 to promote myocardial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation
  197. Diagnostic value of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein and 24 h urine osmolality for recurrent calcium oxalate stones of the upper urinary tract: Cross-sectional study
  198. The value of color Doppler ultrasonography combined with serum tumor markers in differential diagnosis of gastric stromal tumor and gastric cancer
  199. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces inflammation and EMT of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts through the upregulation of GADD45A
  200. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide plus in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: Efficacy and safety analysis
  201. MiR-1278 targets CALD1 and suppresses the progression of gastric cancer via the MAPK pathway
  202. Metabolomic analysis of serum short-chain fatty acid concentrations in a mouse of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease after dietary supplementation with branched-chain amino acids
  203. Cimifugin inhibits adipogenesis and TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 cells
  204. Predictors of gastrointestinal complaints in patients on metformin therapy
  205. Prescribing patterns in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation
  206. A retrospective analysis of the effect of latent tuberculosis infection on clinical pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization–fresh embryo transferred in infertile women
  207. Appropriateness and clinical outcomes of short sustained low-efficiency dialysis: A national experience
  208. miR-29 regulates metabolism by inhibiting JNK-1 expression in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD
  209. Clinical features and management of lymphoepithelial cyst
  210. Serum VEGF, high-sensitivity CRP, and cystatin-C assist in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetic retinopathy complicated with hyperuricemia
  211. ENPP1 ameliorates vascular calcification via inhibiting the osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and generating PPi
  212. Significance of monitoring the levels of thyroid hormone antibodies and glucose and lipid metabolism antibodies in patients suffer from type 2 diabetes
  213. The causal relationship between immune cells and different kidney diseases: A Mendelian randomization study
  214. Interleukin 33, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2, interleukin 27, and galectin 3 as predictors for outcome in patients admitted to intensive care units
  215. Identification of diagnostic immune-related gene biomarkers for predicting heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
  216. Long-term administration of probiotics prevents gastrointestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in septic mice partly by upregulating the 5-HT degradation pathway
  217. miR-192 inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells by targeting Rictor
  218. Diagnostic and prognostic value of MR-pro ADM, procalcitonin, and copeptin in sepsis
  219. Review Articles
  220. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal defects and its implications on the delivery mode
  221. Electromagnetic fields exposure on fetal and childhood abnormalities: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  222. Characteristics of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae
  223. Saddle pulmonary embolism in the setting of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review of case reports and case series
  224. Vitamin C and epigenetics: A short physiological overview
  225. Ebselen: A promising therapy protecting cardiomyocytes from excess iron in iron-overloaded thalassemia patients
  226. Aspirin versus LMWH for VTE prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery
  227. Mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of hyperlipidemia: A recent review
  228. Surgical management and outcomes of traumatic global brachial plexus injury: A concise review and our center approach
  229. The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges
  230. METTL16 in human diseases: What should we do next?
  231. New insights into the prevention of ureteral stents encrustation
  232. VISTA as a prospective immune checkpoint in gynecological malignant tumors: A review of the literature
  233. Case Reports
  234. Mycobacterium xenopi infection of the kidney and lymph nodes: A case report
  235. Genetic mutation of SLC6A20 (c.1072T > C) in a family with nephrolithiasis: A case report
  236. Chronic hepatitis B complicated with secondary hemochromatosis was cured clinically: A case report
  237. Liver abscess complicated with multiple organ invasive infection caused by hematogenous disseminated hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: A case report
  238. Urokinase-based lock solutions for catheter salvage: A case of an upcoming kidney transplant recipient
  239. Two case reports of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 caused by the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α gene mutation
  240. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pancreatitis: What is known and what is not
  241. Does total hip arthroplasty result in intercostal nerve injury? A case report and literature review
  242. Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by Tusanqi – Case report and literature review
  243. Synchronous triple primary gastrointestinal malignant tumors treated with laparoscopic surgery: A case report
  244. CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation combined with bone cement injection for the treatment of transverse metastases: A case report
  245. Malignant hyperthermia: Report on a successful rescue of a case with the highest temperature of 44.2°C
  246. Anesthetic management of fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty: A case report
  247. Rapid Communication
  248. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic levels during pregnancy: A retrospective analysis
  249. Erratum
  250. Erratum to “Inhibition of miR-21 improves pulmonary vascular responses in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by targeting the DDAH1/ADMA/NO pathway”
  251. Erratum to: “Fer exacerbates renal fibrosis and can be targeted by miR-29c-3p”
  252. Retraction
  253. Retraction of “Study to compare the effect of casirivimab and imdevimab, remdesivir, and favipiravir on progression and multi-organ function of hospitalized COVID-19 patients”
  254. Retraction of “circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis”
  255. Retraction of “miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition by targeting SP3 in endometrial epithelial cells”
  256. Retraction of “SLCO4A1-AS1 mediates pancreatic cancer development via miR-4673/KIF21B axis”
  257. Retraction of “circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury”
  258. Retraction of “lncRNA ACTA2-AS1 inhibits malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells”
  259. Special issue Linking Pathobiological Mechanisms to Clinical Application for cardiovascular diseases
  260. Effect of cardiac rehabilitation therapy on depressed patients with cardiac insufficiency after cardiac surgery
  261. Special issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part I
  262. FBLIM1 mRNA is a novel prognostic biomarker and is associated with immune infiltrates in glioma
  263. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part III
  264. Development of a machine learning-based signature utilizing inflammatory response genes for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2023-0644
Keywords for this article
vaginitis; metronidazole; clindamycin; lactobacilli; recurrence rate; cure rate
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing miR-210 inhibits neuronal inflammation and contribute to neurite outgrowth through modulating microglia polarization
  3. Current situation of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a county hospital chest pain center during an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia
  4. circ-IARS depletion inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by circ-IARS/miR-1252-5p/HDGF ceRNA pathway
  5. circRNA ITGA7 restrains growth and enhances radiosensitivity by up-regulating SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma
  6. WDR79 promotes aerobic glycolysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by the suppression of SIRT4
  7. Up-regulation of collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) promotes malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer cell via inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)
  8. Inhibition of TERC inhibits neural apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury through Akt activation and p-38 inhibition via the miR-34a-5p/XBP-1 axis
  9. 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiO2 composite enhances the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by downregulating miR-154-5p
  10. Propofol-mediated circ_0000735 downregulation restrains tumor growth by decreasing integrin-β1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer
  11. PVT1/miR-16/CCND1 axis regulates gastric cancer progression
  12. Silencing of circ_002136 sensitizes gastric cancer to paclitaxel by targeting the miR-16-5p/HMGA1 axis
  13. Short-term outcomes after simultaneous gastrectomy plus cholecystectomy in gastric cancer: A pooling up analysis
  14. SCARA5 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma via inactivating the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
  15. Molecular mechanism by which the Notch signaling pathway regulates autophagy in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis in pigeon breeder’s lung
  16. lncRNA TPT1-AS1 promotes cell migration and invasion in esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas by regulating the miR-26a/HMGA1 axis
  17. SIRT1/APE1 promotes the viability of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting p53 to suppress ferroptosis
  18. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor to regulate neural stem cell survival and differentiation
  19. Treatments for brain metastases from EGFR/ALK-negative/unselected NSCLC: A network meta-analysis
  20. Association of osteoporosis and skeletal muscle loss with serum type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β glypeptide: A cross-sectional study in elder Chinese population
  21. circ_0000376 knockdown suppresses non-small cell lung cancer cell tumor properties by the miR-545-3p/PDPK1 pathway
  22. Delivery in a vertical birth chair supported by freedom of movement during labor: A randomized control trial
  23. UBE2J1 knockdown promotes cell apoptosis in endometrial cancer via regulating PI3K/AKT and MDM2/p53 signaling
  24. Metabolic resuscitation therapy in critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock: A pilot prospective randomized controlled trial
  25. Lycopene ameliorates locomotor activity and urinary frequency induced by pelvic venous congestion in rats
  26. UHRF1-induced connexin26 methylation is involved in hearing damage triggered by intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rats
  27. LINC00511 promotes melanoma progression by targeting miR-610/NUCB2
  28. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of serum metabolomic characteristics in people with different vitamin D levels
  29. Role of Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 and its inhibitor GSK-J4 in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
  30. circ_0014736 induces GPR4 to regulate the biological behaviors of human placental trophoblast cells through miR-942-5p in preeclampsia
  31. Monitoring of sirolimus in the whole blood samples from pediatric patients with lymphatic anomalies
  32. Effects of osteogenic growth peptide C-terminal pentapeptide and its analogue on bone remodeling in an osteoporosis rat model
  33. A novel autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs signature predicting progression-free interval and I-131 therapy benefits in papillary thyroid carcinoma
  34. WGCNA-based identification of potential targets and pathways in response to treatment in locally advanced breast cancer patients
  35. Radiomics model using preoperative computed tomography angiography images to differentiate new from old emboli of acute lower limb arterial embolism
  36. Dysregulated lncRNAs are involved in the progress of myocardial infarction by constructing regulatory networks
  37. Single-arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of baclofen in treatment of intractable hiccup caused by malignant tumor chemotherapy
  38. Genetic polymorphisms of MRPS30-DT and NINJ2 may influence lung cancer risk
  39. Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis
  40. Pyroptosis-based risk score predicts prognosis and drug sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma
  41. Upregulation of lncRNA LANCL1-AS1 inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer via the miR-3680-3p/GMFG axis
  42. CircRANBP17 modulated KDM1A to regulate neuroblastoma progression by sponging miR-27b-3p
  43. Exosomal miR-93-5p regulated the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting ADAMTS9
  44. Downregulation of RBM17 enhances cisplatin sensitivity and inhibits cell invasion in human hypopharyngeal cancer cells
  45. HDAC5-mediated PRAME regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  46. The association between sleep duration, quality, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study
  47. Myostatin silencing inhibits podocyte apoptosis in membranous nephropathy through Smad3/PKA/NOX4 signaling pathway
  48. A novel long noncoding RNA AC125257.1 facilitates colorectal cancer progression by targeting miR-133a-3p/CASC5 axis
  49. Impact of omicron wave and associated control measures in Shanghai on health management and psychosocial well-being of patients with chronic conditions
  50. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of young patients aged ≤45 years old with non-small cell lung cancer
  51. TMT-based comprehensive proteomic profiling identifies serum prognostic signatures of acute myeloid leukemia
  52. The dose limits of teeth protection for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy based on the early oral health-related quality of life
  53. miR-30b-5p targeting GRIN2A inhibits hippocampal damage in epilepsy
  54. Long non-coding RNA AL137789.1 promoted malignant biological behaviors and immune escape of pancreatic carcinoma cells
  55. IRF6 and FGF1 polymorphisms in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Polish population
  56. Comprehensive analysis of the role of SFXN family in breast cancer
  57. Efficacy of bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients underwent conventional chemoradiotherapy
  58. Silencing of long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells by promoting miR-378a-5p expression
  59. AG1024, an IGF-1 receptor inhibitor, ameliorates renal injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy via the SOCS/JAK2/STAT pathway
  60. Downregulation of KIAA1199 alleviated the activation, proliferation, and migration of hepatic stellate cells by the inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
  61. Exendin-4 regulates the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways to alleviate the osteogenic inhibition of periodontal ligament stem cells in a high glucose environment
  62. Inhibition of glycolysis represses the growth and alleviates the endoplasmic reticulum stress of breast cancer cells by regulating TMTC3
  63. The function of lncRNA EMX2OS/miR-653-5p and its regulatory mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma
  64. Tectorigenin alleviates the apoptosis and inflammation in spinal cord injury cell model through inhibiting insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6
  65. Ultrasound examination supporting CT or MRI in the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with irradiation-treated head and neck cancer
  66. F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells by degrading delta-like ligand 1 to block Notch signaling pathway
  67. Knockdown of circ_0005615 enhances the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer by regulating the miR-665/NOTCH1 axis
  68. Long noncoding RNA Mhrt alleviates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy phenotypes by mediating the miR-765/Wnt family member 7B pathway
  69. Effect of miR-499-5p/SOX6 axis on atrial fibrosis in rats with atrial fibrillation
  70. Cholesterol induces inflammation and reduces glucose utilization
  71. circ_0004904 regulates the trophoblast cell in preeclampsia via miR-19b-3p/ARRDC3 axis
  72. NECAB3 promotes the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells through HIF-1α/RIT1 signaling pathway
  73. The poor performance of cardiovascular risk scores in identifying patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies at high cardiovascular risk
  74. miR-2053 inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by downregulating SOX4
  75. Nucleophosmin 1 associating with engulfment and cell motility protein 1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell chemotaxis and metastasis
  76. α-Hederin regulates macrophage polarization to relieve sepsis-induced lung and liver injuries in mice
  77. Changes of microbiota level in urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  78. Identification of key enzalutamide-resistance-related genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer and verification of RAD51 functions
  79. Falls during oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies – (lessons learned from) a prospective study
  80. Outcomes of low-risk birth care during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cohort study from a tertiary care center in Lithuania
  81. Vitamin D protects intestines from liver cirrhosis-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
  82. Integrated transcriptome analysis identifies APPL1/RPS6KB2/GALK1 as immune-related metastasis factors in breast cancer
  83. Genomic analysis of immunogenic cell death-related subtypes for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes in glioblastoma multiforme
  84. Circular RNA Circ_0038467 promotes the maturation of miRNA-203 to increase lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes
  85. An economic evaluation of fine-needle cytology as the primary diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy
  86. Midazolam impedes lung carcinoma cell proliferation and migration via EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway
  87. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and experimental validation to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of naringin against renal fibrosis
  88. PTPN12 down-regulated by miR-146b-3p gene affects the malignant progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  89. miR-141-3p accelerates ovarian cancer progression and promotes M2-like macrophage polarization by targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway
  90. lncRNA OIP5-AS1 attenuates the osteoarthritis progression in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes
  91. Overexpression of LINC00607 inhibits cell growth and aggressiveness by regulating the miR-1289/EFNA5 axis in non-small-cell lung cancer
  92. Subjective well-being in informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic
  93. Nrf2 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission
  94. Unfolded protein response inhibits KAT2B/MLKL-mediated necroptosis of hepatocytes by promoting BMI1 level to ubiquitinate KAT2B
  95. Bladder cancer screening: The new selection and prediction model
  96. circNFATC3 facilitated the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-520h/LDHA axis
  97. Prone position effect in intensive care patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia
  98. Clinical observation on the efficacy of Tongdu Tuina manipulation in the treatment of primary enuresis in children
  99. Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates cerebral I/R injury in rats via regulating VWF and autophagy-mediated SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway
  100. Knockdown of circ_0113656 assuages oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular smooth muscle cell injury through the miR-188-3p/IGF2 pathway
  101. Low Ang-(1–7) and high des-Arg9 bradykinin serum levels are correlated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with COVID-19
  102. Effect of maternal age and body mass index on induction of labor with oral misoprostol for premature rupture of membrane at term: A retrospective cross-sectional study
  103. Potential protective effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction against COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury: A network-based pharmacological and molecular docking study
  104. Clinical significance of serum MBD3 detection in girls with central precocious puberty
  105. Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus caused neurological diseases detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
  106. Collagen treatment of complex anorectal fistula: 3 years follow-up
  107. LncRNA CASC15 inhibition relieves renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through down-regulating SP-A by sponging to miR-424
  108. Efficacy analysis of empirical bismuth quadruple therapy, high-dose dual therapy, and resistance gene-based triple therapy as a first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen – An open-label, randomized trial
  109. SMOC2 plays a role in heart failure via regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway-mediated autophagy
  110. A prospective cohort study of the impact of chronic disease on fall injuries in middle-aged and older adults
  111. circRNA THBS1 silencing inhibits the malignant biological behavior of cervical cancer cells via the regulation of miR-543/HMGB2 axis
  112. hsa_circ_0000285 sponging miR-582-3p promotes neuroblastoma progression by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
  113. Long non-coding RNA GNAS-AS1 knockdown inhibits proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells via the microRNA-433-3p/Rab3A axis
  114. lncRNA UCA1 regulates miR-132/Lrrfip1 axis to promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
  115. Twenty-four-color full spectrum flow cytometry panel for minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia
  116. Hsa-miR-223-3p participates in the process of anthracycline-induced cardiomyocyte damage by regulating NFIA gene
  117. Anti-inflammatory effect of ApoE23 on Salmonella typhimurium-induced sepsis in mice
  118. Analysis of somatic mutations and key driving factors of cervical cancer progression
  119. Hsa_circ_0028007 regulates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the miR-1179/SQLE axis
  120. Variations in sexual function after laparoendoscopic single-site hysterectomy in women with benign gynecologic diseases
  121. Effects of pharmacological delay with roxadustat on multi-territory perforator flap survival in rats
  122. Analysis of heroin effects on calcium channels in rat cardiomyocytes based on transcriptomics and metabolomics
  123. Risk factors of recurrent bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study
  124. Alkbh5 plays indispensable roles in maintaining self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells
  125. Study to compare the effect of casirivimab and imdevimab, remdesivir, and favipiravir on progression and multi-organ function of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
  126. Correlation between microvessel maturity and ISUP grades assessed using contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasonography in prostate cancer
  127. The protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the nephrotoxicity induced by α-cypermethrin
  128. Norepinephrine alleviates cyclosporin A-induced nephrotoxicity by enhancing the expression of SFRP1
  129. Effect of RUNX1/FOXP3 axis on apoptosis of T and B lymphocytes and immunosuppression in sepsis
  130. The function of Foxp1 represses β-adrenergic receptor transcription in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer through STAT3 activity
  131. Risk model and validation of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in patients with cerebrovascular disease in the ICU
  132. Calycosin protects against chronic prostatitis in rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway
  133. Pan-cancer analysis of the PDE4DIP gene with potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic values in multiple cancers including acute myeloid leukemia
  134. The safety and immunogenicity to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with hyperlipemia
  135. Circ-UBR4 regulates the proliferation, migration, inflammation, and apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cells via miR-515-5p/IGF2 axis
  136. Clinical characteristics of current COVID-19 rehabilitation outpatients in China
  137. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via regulating immune response, oxidative stress, and metabolic profiling
  138. miR-199a-5p inhibits aortic valve calcification by targeting ATF6 and GRP78 in valve interstitial cells
  139. The application of iliac fascia space block combined with esketamine intravenous general anesthesia in PFNA surgery of the elderly: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  140. Elevated blood acetoacetate levels reduce major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events risk in acute myocardial infarction
  141. The effects of progesterone on the healing of obstetric anal sphincter damage in female rats
  142. Identification of cuproptosis-related genes for predicting the development of prostate cancer
  143. Lumican silencing ameliorates β-glycerophosphate-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by attenuating the inhibition of APOB on KIF2C activity
  144. Targeting PTBP1 blocks glutamine metabolism to improve the cisplatin sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells through modulating the mRNA stability of glutaminase
  145. A single center prospective study: Influences of different hip flexion angles on the measurement of lumbar spine bone mineral density by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
  146. Clinical analysis of AN69ST membrane continuous venous hemofiltration in the treatment of severe sepsis
  147. Antibiotics therapy combined with probiotics administered intravaginally for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  148. Construction of a ceRNA network to reveal a vascular invasion associated prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma
  149. A pan-cancer analysis of STAT3 expression and genetic alterations in human tumors
  150. A prognostic signature based on seven T-cell-related cell clustering genes in bladder urothelial carcinoma
  151. Pepsin concentration in oral lavage fluid of rabbit reflux model constructed by dilating the lower esophageal sphincter
  152. The antihypertensive felodipine shows synergistic activity with immune checkpoint blockade and inhibits tumor growth via NFAT1 in LUSC
  153. Tanshinone IIA attenuates valvular interstitial cells’ calcification induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein via reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
  154. AS-IV enhances the antitumor effects of propofol in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy
  155. Establishment of two oxaliplatin-resistant gallbladder cancer cell lines and comprehensive analysis of dysregulated genes
  156. Trial protocol: Feasibility of neuromodulation with connectivity-guided intermittent theta-burst stimulation for improving cognition in multiple sclerosis
  157. LncRNA LINC00592 mediates the promoter methylation of WIF1 to promote the development of bladder cancer
  158. Factors associated with gastrointestinal dysmotility in critically ill patients
  159. Mechanisms by which spinal cord stimulation intervenes in atrial fibrillation: The involvement of the endothelin-1 and nerve growth factor/p75NTR pathways
  160. Analysis of two-gene signatures and related drugs in small-cell lung cancer by bioinformatics
  161. Silencing USP19 alleviates cigarette smoke extract-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in BEAS-2B cells by targeting FUNDC1
  162. Menstrual irregularities associated with COVID-19 vaccines among women in Saudi Arabia: A survey during 2022
  163. Ferroptosis involves in Schwann cell death in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
  164. The effect of AQP4 on tau protein aggregation in neurodegeneration and persistent neuroinflammation after cerebral microinfarcts
  165. Activation of UBEC2 by transcription factor MYBL2 affects DNA damage and promotes gastric cancer progression and cisplatin resistance
  166. Analysis of clinical characteristics in proximal and distal reflux monitoring among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
  167. Exosomal circ-0020887 and circ-0009590 as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of short-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in STEMI patients
  168. Upregulated microRNA-429 confers endometrial stromal cell dysfunction by targeting HIF1AN and regulating the HIF1A/VEGF pathway
  169. Bibliometrics and knowledge map analysis of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia
  170. Knockdown of NUPR1 inhibits angiogenesis in lung cancer through IRE1/XBP1 and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signaling pathways
  171. D-dimer trends predict COVID-19 patient’s prognosis: A retrospective chart review study
  172. WTAP affects intracranial aneurysm progression by regulating m6A methylation modification
  173. Using of endoscopic polypectomy in patients with diagnosed malignant colorectal polyp – The cross-sectional clinical study
  174. Anti-S100A4 antibody administration alleviates bronchial epithelial–mesenchymal transition in asthmatic mice
  175. Prognostic evaluation of system immune-inflammatory index and prognostic nutritional index in double expressor diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  176. Prevalence and antibiogram of bacteria causing urinary tract infection among patients with chronic kidney disease
  177. Reactive oxygen species within the vaginal space: An additional promoter of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and uterine cervical cancer development?
  178. Identification of disulfidptosis-related genes and immune infiltration in lower-grade glioma
  179. A new technique for uterine-preserving pelvic organ prolapse surgery: Laparoscopic rectus abdominis hysteropexy for uterine prolapse by comparing with traditional techniques
  180. Self-isolation of an Italian long-term care facility during COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison study on care-related infectious episodes
  181. A comparative study on the overlapping effects of clinically applicable therapeutic interventions in patients with central nervous system damage
  182. Low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Long-term follow-up
  183. The diagnostic accuracy of touch imprint cytology for sentinel lymph node metastases of breast cancer: An up-to-date meta-analysis of 4,073 patients
  184. Mortality associated with Sjögren’s syndrome in the United States in the 1999–2020 period: A multiple cause-of-death study
  185. CircMMP11 as a prognostic biomarker mediates miR-361-3p/HMGB1 axis to accelerate malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
  186. Analysis of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (none APL) with PTPN11 mutations
  187. KMT2A maintains stemness of gastric cancer cells through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling-activated transcriptional factor KLF11
  188. Evaluation of placental oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy in relation to ultrasound maturation grade in physiological term pregnancies
  189. The role of ultrasonographic findings for PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative breast cancer
  190. Construction of immunogenic cell death-related molecular subtypes and prognostic signature in colorectal cancer
  191. Long-term prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
  192. Establishing a novel Fanconi anemia signaling pathway-associated prognostic model and tumor clustering for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients
  193. Integrative bioinformatics analysis reveals STAT2 as a novel biomarker of inflammation-related cardiac dysfunction in atrial fibrillation
  194. Adipose-derived stem cells repair radiation-induced chronic lung injury via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad 3 signaling pathway
  195. Real-world practice of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a 2000–2016 cohort
  196. lncRNA LENGA sponges miR-378 to promote myocardial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation
  197. Diagnostic value of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein and 24 h urine osmolality for recurrent calcium oxalate stones of the upper urinary tract: Cross-sectional study
  198. The value of color Doppler ultrasonography combined with serum tumor markers in differential diagnosis of gastric stromal tumor and gastric cancer
  199. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces inflammation and EMT of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts through the upregulation of GADD45A
  200. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide plus in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: Efficacy and safety analysis
  201. MiR-1278 targets CALD1 and suppresses the progression of gastric cancer via the MAPK pathway
  202. Metabolomic analysis of serum short-chain fatty acid concentrations in a mouse of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease after dietary supplementation with branched-chain amino acids
  203. Cimifugin inhibits adipogenesis and TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 cells
  204. Predictors of gastrointestinal complaints in patients on metformin therapy
  205. Prescribing patterns in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation
  206. A retrospective analysis of the effect of latent tuberculosis infection on clinical pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization–fresh embryo transferred in infertile women
  207. Appropriateness and clinical outcomes of short sustained low-efficiency dialysis: A national experience
  208. miR-29 regulates metabolism by inhibiting JNK-1 expression in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD
  209. Clinical features and management of lymphoepithelial cyst
  210. Serum VEGF, high-sensitivity CRP, and cystatin-C assist in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetic retinopathy complicated with hyperuricemia
  211. ENPP1 ameliorates vascular calcification via inhibiting the osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and generating PPi
  212. Significance of monitoring the levels of thyroid hormone antibodies and glucose and lipid metabolism antibodies in patients suffer from type 2 diabetes
  213. The causal relationship between immune cells and different kidney diseases: A Mendelian randomization study
  214. Interleukin 33, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2, interleukin 27, and galectin 3 as predictors for outcome in patients admitted to intensive care units
  215. Identification of diagnostic immune-related gene biomarkers for predicting heart failure after acute myocardial infarction
  216. Long-term administration of probiotics prevents gastrointestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in septic mice partly by upregulating the 5-HT degradation pathway
  217. miR-192 inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells by targeting Rictor
  218. Diagnostic and prognostic value of MR-pro ADM, procalcitonin, and copeptin in sepsis
  219. Review Articles
  220. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal defects and its implications on the delivery mode
  221. Electromagnetic fields exposure on fetal and childhood abnormalities: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  222. Characteristics of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae
  223. Saddle pulmonary embolism in the setting of COVID-19 infection: A systematic review of case reports and case series
  224. Vitamin C and epigenetics: A short physiological overview
  225. Ebselen: A promising therapy protecting cardiomyocytes from excess iron in iron-overloaded thalassemia patients
  226. Aspirin versus LMWH for VTE prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery
  227. Mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of hyperlipidemia: A recent review
  228. Surgical management and outcomes of traumatic global brachial plexus injury: A concise review and our center approach
  229. The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges
  230. METTL16 in human diseases: What should we do next?
  231. New insights into the prevention of ureteral stents encrustation
  232. VISTA as a prospective immune checkpoint in gynecological malignant tumors: A review of the literature
  233. Case Reports
  234. Mycobacterium xenopi infection of the kidney and lymph nodes: A case report
  235. Genetic mutation of SLC6A20 (c.1072T > C) in a family with nephrolithiasis: A case report
  236. Chronic hepatitis B complicated with secondary hemochromatosis was cured clinically: A case report
  237. Liver abscess complicated with multiple organ invasive infection caused by hematogenous disseminated hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: A case report
  238. Urokinase-based lock solutions for catheter salvage: A case of an upcoming kidney transplant recipient
  239. Two case reports of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 caused by the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α gene mutation
  240. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pancreatitis: What is known and what is not
  241. Does total hip arthroplasty result in intercostal nerve injury? A case report and literature review
  242. Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by Tusanqi – Case report and literature review
  243. Synchronous triple primary gastrointestinal malignant tumors treated with laparoscopic surgery: A case report
  244. CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation combined with bone cement injection for the treatment of transverse metastases: A case report
  245. Malignant hyperthermia: Report on a successful rescue of a case with the highest temperature of 44.2°C
  246. Anesthetic management of fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty: A case report
  247. Rapid Communication
  248. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic levels during pregnancy: A retrospective analysis
  249. Erratum
  250. Erratum to “Inhibition of miR-21 improves pulmonary vascular responses in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by targeting the DDAH1/ADMA/NO pathway”
  251. Erratum to: “Fer exacerbates renal fibrosis and can be targeted by miR-29c-3p”
  252. Retraction
  253. Retraction of “Study to compare the effect of casirivimab and imdevimab, remdesivir, and favipiravir on progression and multi-organ function of hospitalized COVID-19 patients”
  254. Retraction of “circ_0062491 alleviates periodontitis via the miR-142-5p/IGF1 axis”
  255. Retraction of “miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition by targeting SP3 in endometrial epithelial cells”
  256. Retraction of “SLCO4A1-AS1 mediates pancreatic cancer development via miR-4673/KIF21B axis”
  257. Retraction of “circRNA_0001679/miR-338-3p/DUSP16 axis aggravates acute lung injury”
  258. Retraction of “lncRNA ACTA2-AS1 inhibits malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells”
  259. Special issue Linking Pathobiological Mechanisms to Clinical Application for cardiovascular diseases
  260. Effect of cardiac rehabilitation therapy on depressed patients with cardiac insufficiency after cardiac surgery
  261. Special issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part I
  262. FBLIM1 mRNA is a novel prognostic biomarker and is associated with immune infiltrates in glioma
  263. Special Issue Computational Intelligence Methodologies Meets Recurrent Cancers - Part III
  264. Development of a machine learning-based signature utilizing inflammatory response genes for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 18.11.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/med-2023-0644/html
Scroll to top button