Startseite Assessing the proximate compositions of indigenous forage species in Yemen’s pastoral rangelands
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Assessing the proximate compositions of indigenous forage species in Yemen’s pastoral rangelands

  • Mounir Louhaichi EMAIL logo , Basel Abdulla Salem Al-koor , Mouldi Gamoun , Anwar Adam Abdulgader Abdurahman und Sawsan Hassan
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 11. November 2024
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Aus der Zeitschrift Open Life Sciences Band 19 Heft 1

Abstract

Plant diversity in southern Yemen is crucial for maintaining rangeland ecosystem functions. This diversity contributes to the resilience of local pastoral communities, by providing essential forage and resources. However, high stocking density has led to the overuse of palatable species, resulting in increased competition for forage. This study evaluates the nutritional value of 25 indigenous forage species from the natural rangelands of Lahij Governorate. Significant variations were observed among the Forage species, with moisture content ranging from 4 to 39.6%, crude protein from 5.5 to 21.4%, non-fiber carbohydrates from 31.8 to 66.4%, crude fiber from 8.3 to 42.65%, and ash content from 9.2 to 34.6%. Clitoria ternatea, Lycium barbarum, Senegalia mellifera, Vigna sinensis, Albizia lebbeck, and Acacia trees with crude protein content higher than 16% showed substantial potential as livestock feed due to their favorable proximate compositions. Incorporating these high-potential species into regular livestock diets could significantly enhance the sustainability and productivity of pastoral systems in southern Yemen, addressing the current fodder shortage.

Keywords: climate changes; forage palatability; indigenous species; livestock grazing

1 Introduction

Yemen boasts a remarkable and diverse array of plant species, nurtured by its unique ecological landscape. This plant diversity is a reflection of the country’s varied climatic and edaphic conditions. Yemen’s biodiversity holds great significance as it profoundly impacts the nation’s ecosystems, economy, and culture. It plays a pivotal role in sustaining Yemen’s delicate ecosystems, providing vital resources for livelihoods, preserving traditional knowledge and cultural heritage, and offering an array of ecosystem services. Numerous researchers have explored Yemen’s biodiversity, revealing six distinct ecological zones within the country [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. These ecological zones include (1) Coastal Plains Regions (Tihama), where an impressive 264 wild plant species have been documented. The western coastal areas exhibit diverse vegetation, including mangroves like Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. and halophytes such as Salsola spinescens Moq., Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel., Atriplex sp., and Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites. Transitioning to the flat sandy plains of the coastal plain’s regions, various plant communities emerge, featuring species like Senna, Aerva, Dipterygium, and Blepharis. As one moves toward the foothills of Tihama, the vegetation transforms, marked by the presence of plants like Dobera glabra Juss. ex Poir., various Acacia species, Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult, and a diverse array of Euphorbia species. (2) The Southern Coastal Plain, which hosts halophytes, including species like Salsola vermiculata L., and Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge. among others. This region also features thriving vegetation on flat sandy plains and sand dunes, with species like Crotalaria microphylla Vahl, Fagonia indica L., and Gloriosa revoilii (Franch.) J.C. Manning & Vinn. Notable additions to this diverse ecosystem include Pluchea indica subsp. and Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. (3) The Mountainous Regions showcase a diverse landscape. In low-altitude mountains, a mix of subshrubs, shrubs, and dwarf trees like Dobera glabra (Forssk.) Juss. ex Poir., Acacia species, Commiphora myrrha (T.Nees) Engl., Grewia spp., and Crotalaria saltiana Andrews can be found. As one ascends to medium altitude mountains, the scenery changes to include shrubs and trees like Tamarindus indica L., Combretum molle R. Br ex G. Don., Grewia schweinfurthii Burret, and Olea europaea L. High altitude mountains are particularly rich in subshrubs, herbs, and ferns, featuring species such as Rosa abyssinica Lindl., Otostegia fruticosa Forssk., Salvia aegyptiaca L., and other unique varieties. (4) The highland plains are characterized by the presence of Acacia, Jatropha, Brassica tournefortii Gouan., Hibiscus, and other species, both perennial and annual, contributing to the region’s natural vegetation alongside cultivated crops. (5) In the Eastern Desert, there is limited floristic diversity, with sparse shrub communities such as Calligonum comosum L’Hér. and Haloxylon persicum Bunge. ex Boiss. & Buhse. Sand dunes are inhabited by Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne., Salvadora persica L., and Panicum turgidum Forssk. Some shrubs and subshrubs grow in shallow wadis. (6) The islands in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean closely resemble the Western Coastal Plain in terms of vegetation. These islands house mangroves, halophytes, and various xerophytic plants. Notably, some islands, particularly those in the Socotra Archipelago, boast unique endemics like Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f., Commiphora socotrana (Balf.f.) Engl., and Euphorbia socotrana Balf.f.

Yemen’s extensive rangelands cover approximately 40% of its total land area and are essential for the nation’s economy and food security [10,11]. These vast expanses are not merely geographical features; they are essential sources of livelihood for the Yemeni people, providing crucial sustenance and income through livestock husbandry, including sheep, goats, and camels. These animals are a means of livelihood and the very essence of life for many Yemeni households [12,13].

Yemen’s rangelands encompass a wide range of climatic conditions, ranging from arid deserts to rugged mountainous terrains and coastal areas [12]. This rangeland diversity includes a rich natural forage plant community, mirroring the nation’s varied landscapes and climates. These plants are highly valued for their high nutritional content and remarkable drought resistance, making them essential for sustaining Yemen’s livestock industry [14,15]. Beyond their role in supporting local livestock, these remarkable species have evolved unique adaptations, enabling them to thrive in Yemen’s harsh arid and semi-arid climates and provide crucial ecosystem services. They offer shade, mitigate soil erosion, and serve as habitats for wildlife species. The preservation and propagation of these natural fodder species are of high significance, not only in terms of improving livelihoods and food security but also in bolstering the resilience of Yemeni ecosystems [16].

The nutritional value of Yemen’s indigenous forage species encompasses a wide spectrum of diversity, with certain plants emerging as veritable nutritional powerhouses for livestock. Indigenous forage species like P. turgidum Forssk. and Atriplex halimus L., as highlighted by Attia-Ismail [17], exhibit rich profiles in terms of protein and minerals, rendering them invaluable resources for animal nutrition. Nevertheless, the full realization of the potential of these forage resources hinges on further research aimed at identifying and optimizing their use to enhance livestock productivity and sustainability.

Exploring the chemical composition of indigenous forage species, including the grasses and legumes thriving in Yemen’s rangelands, is instrumental in understanding their role in the nutrition and well-being of various herbivorous animals [18]. These indigenous forage species contain a diverse array of organic compounds, with their nutritional value varying between species. Generally, rangeland forages are rich in carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber [19]. Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source for livestock [20], while fiber plays an important role in supporting rumen function and microbial activity [21]. Additionally, forage species have varying levels of crude proteins, which are indispensable for animal performance [22]. These forages are also replete with essential vitamins and minerals, including calcium and phosphorus, which are critical for overall animal health and metabolic function [23]. The presence of secondary compounds, such as tannins and alkaloids, further contributes to the complexity of forage species, influencing palatability and, at times, exerting positive or negative effects on animal health [24].

However, rangelands face significant challenges that pose a substantial threat to sustainability. One such challenge is the excessive grazing pressure especially on palatable species, leading to a decline in available forage and subsequent impacts on livestock production. The high grazing intensity of palatable species, driven by increasing livestock numbers has resulted in the degradation of rangelands [25]. This degradation reduces the productivity and diversity of plant species essential for livestock nutrition. As a result, the reduction in preferred, highly nutritious plant species that livestock graze on can lead to an increase in the presence of unpalatable species [26], compelling livestock to consume these less nutritious plant species, ultimately resulting in lower livestock health, reduced reproduction rates, and decreased milk and meat production [27]. In Yemen, the challenges of deforestation and degradation, arising from factors like conflict and prolonged droughts, are aggravating these challenges. These challenges significantly contribute to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and heightened vulnerability to climate change, further complicating the plight of pastoral communities. Recent years have witnessed a growing demand for fodder resources, driven by various pressing factors, including diminishing rainfall, mismanagement in arid areas, and the additional challenge of political instability [28,29]. These factors collectively affect the availability and accessibility of fodder, as disruptions caused by political conflicts can impede the distribution and management of rangeland resources, further exacerbating the strain on pastoral communities and their livestock. Studies conducted by Al-Hawshabi and El-Naggar [7] have documented numerous endemic and native species in Yemen, shedding light on the ecological significance and untapped economic potential hidden within these natural rangelands. This increased demand has had a significant impact on Yemen’s livestock sector, affecting the number of livestock and price fluctuations.

In light of these challenges, the primary objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the proximate composition of 25 prominent indigenous forage species frequently used for animal grazing in the Lahij rangelands. This assessment was undertaken to clarify their nutritional content, with the aim of determining their suitability for addressing Yemen’s feed-related challenges. This, in turn, could lead to improved livestock health, productivity, and overall resilience. Furthermore, understanding the nutritional composition of these indigenous forage species can inform the decision-makers of more effective rangeland management strategies.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Study area

The study area is located in the Lahij Governorate on the southwest coast of the Republic of Yemen (Figure 1). Lahij, situated in a subtropical arid region, is known for its scorching summers and mild winters. Summer temperatures along the coastal plains can reach up to 32°C, while winter temperatures average around 20°C [30]. Rainfall occurs during the winter and autumn months. Rangelands of Lahij are diverse, rising to elevations of up to 2,500 m above sea level. These lands are characterized by high biodiversity, with the legume family being one of the most important and widespread families in the region, comprising a total of 63 taxa. In 2022, various rangeland locations across three districts in the Lahij region – Al-Melah, Redfan, and Habil Jabr – were selected for sampling 25 indigenous fodder species. These locations, situated in the northern part of Lahij, predominantly feature shallow soils, with the deepest soils found in terraced slopes and valleys.

Figure 1 Map of Yemen study sites in Habil Jabr, Redfan, and Al-Melah, Governorate of Lahij, Southern Yemen.
Figure 1

Map of Yemen study sites in Habil Jabr, Redfan, and Al-Melah, Governorate of Lahij, Southern Yemen.

2.2 Species collection

Twenty-five indigenous forage species, including 2 trees, 15 shrubs, and 8 herbaceous species commonly utilized for animal grazing in the Lahij rangelands, were chosen for evaluation. These species were selected based on information gathered through direct surveys conducted with local pastoralists, aimed at identifying plants with significant grazing value for livestock, particularly small ruminants. These species are distributed across ten plant families: Amaranthaceae, Cleomaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Salvadoraceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, and Zygophyllaceae (Table 1). The palatability index covers a range from 0 to 5, representing different levels of palatability: highly palatable (5), very palatable (4), palatable (3), fairly palatable (2), occasionally palatable or poorly palatable (1), and not palatable (0) [30]. In 2022, during the full bloom stage of their growth cycle, three plants per species with similar size and age were carefully selected. From each forage tree species, we collected 1 kg of edible biomass. Shrubs were pruned to one-third of their above-ground height, isolating the grazable materials from the woody parts (leaves and stems less than 10 mm in diameter). Herbs were uniformly harvested, leaving a 15 cm above-ground stubble. We then combined the samples of each species into a single composite sample for analysis.

Table 1

Family, habitat class, and grazing acceptability of studied indigenous forage species of southern Yemen

Species Family Habitat class Palatability index*
Abutilon bidentatum (Hochst) A. Rich. Malvaceae Shrub 5
Acacia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr. Fabaceae Tree 5
Acacia hamulosa Benth. Fabaceae Shrub 4
Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult. Amaranthaceae Shrub 3
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Fabaceae Tree 4
Amaranthus spp. Amaranthaceae Shrub 5
Anticharis arabica Endl. Scrophulariaceae Shrub 5
Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae Herb 5
Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Shrub 5
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Herb 5
Dipterygium glaucum Decne. Cleomaceae Shrub 5
Fagonia indica Burm.f Zygophyllaceae Shrub 5
Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk. Fabaceae Shrub 4
Indigofera spinosa Forssk. Fabaceae Shrub 4
Lycium barbarum L. Solanaceae Shrub 4
Ornithopus sativus Brot. Fabaceae Shrub 4
Panicum antidotale Retz. Poaceae Herb 4
Panicum turgidum Forssk. Poaceae Herb 4
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Poaceae Herb 5
Rumex nervosus Vahl Polygonaceae Shrub 3
Salvadora persica L. Salvadoraceae Shrub 3
Senegalia mellifera (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger Fabaceae Shrub 4
Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) De Winter Poaceae Herb 5
Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae Herb 3
Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk. Fabaceae Herb 4

*Palatability index: 0, not palatable; 1, occasionally palatable; 2, fairly palatable; 3, palatable; 4, very palatable; 5, highly palatable.

2.3 Samples processing and analysis

Various parameters contribute to defining forage quality, reflecting the nutritional value of feeds and the presence and accessibility of essential nutrients, as demonstrated by Olowu and Yaman Firincioğlu [31]. Determining these parameters involves chemical and physical analyses, with additional crucial parameters that can be calculated based on laboratory results [32]. Understanding these parameters is imperative since they directly affect the nutritional value and digestibility of forage.

In this study, moisture content (%) was determined using the standard oven-drying method [33]. Approximately 5 g of each sample were dried at 105°C until a constant weight was achieved. Moisture content (%) was calculated using the equation:

Moisture content ( % ) = [ ( Initial weight − Final weight ) / Initial weight ] × 100 .

The remaining samples were oven-dried at 60°C for 48 h and then ground in a Thomas Model 4 Wiley mill, passing through a 1 mm sieve before analysis. Our nutritional component analysis followed established methods. Crude protein content (CP%) was assessed using the Kjeldahl method [34], where 0.5 g of each sample was digested, and ammonia released during digestion was titrated. Crude fat or ether extracts (%) were determined by employing the Soxhlet extraction method [35], with 2 g of each sample extracted using petroleum ether. Ash content (%) was estimated by incineration at 600°C [36] using 2 grams of each sample. Non-fiber carbohydrate content (NFC%) was calculated by subtracting the sum of crude protein, crude fat, ash, and crude fiber percentages from 100% [37]. Crude fiber content (%) analysis involved homogenizing and grinding the samples into particles smaller than 0.5 mm. The determination of crude fiber content was conducted by dissolving the samples in a solution containing 0.255 N H2SO4 and 0.13 N NaOH, following the guidelines outlined in Le Houérou and Ionesco [38].

2.4 Data analysis

A completely randomized design utilizing individual plants as replicates was employed for the study. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the general linear model in SAS software to assess variations. Significance levels were set at P < 0.05 to determine the significance of the observed effects. Cluster analysis, employing the average linkage method, was utilized to identify species clusters based on quality determinants and the palatability index.

3 Results and discussion

To rehabilitate degraded rangelands and promote indigenous forage species for potential animal feed, herbivores need a diverse dietary range, including herbaceous legumes, non-legumes, shrubs, and trees as their forage sources [39]. Analyzing the chemical composition of forage samples is crucial for determining their quality and ensuring optimal nutrition for livestock. The proximate analysis conducted on these 25 indigenous forage species revealed notable variations (Table 2). Fresh plant samples displayed a wide moisture range, from 4% in Aerva javanica to 39% in Senegalia mellifera. The moisture content in forage is a critical determinant affecting its storability, susceptibility to microbial growth, and nutritional value. Prior research has shown reducing moisture levels inhibits microbial proliferation, enhancing the forage’s storage potential [40]. Conversely, excessive moisture levels can foster significant anaerobic bacterial growth, including Clostridium species, that are affecting forage preservation [41]. As suggested by Van Soest et al. [42], forage with a moisture content below 15% is generally considered suitable for animal feed. Additionally, assessing crude protein content is vital when evaluating forage quality. Significant variations in crude protein levels were observed among the species (P < 0.001). P. turgidum exhibited the lowest content at 5.5%, while Clitoria ternatea displayed higher crude protein content at 21.4%. Furthermore, four other species demonstrated elevated levels of crude protein content: S. mellifera (18.4%), Ornithopus sativus (18%), Vigna sinensis (17.2%), and Acacia etbaica (17%) (Table 2). Leguminous species exhibited higher crude protein content, ranging from 9.2 to 21.4%, with an average of 15.6%. In contrast, grasses exhibited a range of 5.5–10.5%, with an average of 8.9%, falling within the range reported by Lee et al. [55]. In this study, trees recorded the highest protein content, followed by shrubs, while herbs exhibited the lowest crude protein values. This differentiation can be attributed to the selected tree species in this study being legumes, whereas the herbs primarily consist of grasses. Leguminous plant species exhibit elevated protein levels compared to grasses, primarily due to their proficiency in biological nitrogen fixation. This unique capacity enhances nitrogen uptake, thereby increasing protein content and positively influencing forage crude protein levels, as substantiated by prior research [43,44]. Besides, legumes possess distinctive leaf structures characterized by reduced cell wall content, a lower hemicellulose-to-cellulose ratio, and a higher lignin content within the cell wall, differentiating them from grass species [45]. Protein is essential for the growth, immune function, enzyme activity, hormone regulation, nutrient transport, and overall productivity of ruminants [46,47,48,49]. Higher protein content contributes to improved feed digestibility, enhancing animal performance [22]. Superior forage quality is typically associated with increased crude protein levels, with forages containing over 13% crude protein considered high quality and can serve as a supplement to poor-quality livestock feed [50]. Ruminants’ crude protein consumption in the diet varies from 7 to 20%, depending on the species, sex, and physiological condition while a minimum of approximately 3.6% crude protein in feed is mandatory [51,52]. The crude protein content of these indigenous forage species closely resembles that of other species found in the arid rangelands of Tunisia, such as Rhanterium suaveolens (13.51%), Helianthemum lippii (12.60%), Echiochilon fruticosum (12.31%), Argyrolobium uniflorum (11.08%), Helianthemum kahiricum (10.70%), Gymnocarpos decander (10.04%), Anthyllis henoniana (9.82%), Plantago albicans (8.85%), Stipagrostis plumosa (6.69), Stipa lagascae (6.06%), Stipagrostis pungens (5.92%), and Stipagrostis tenacissima (4.98%) [53]. Despite leguminous trees exhibiting the highest protein content, the availability of this nitrogen is influenced by the presence of secondary compounds, such as condensed tannins. These tannins have been identified in the Acacia genus [54] and Albizia lebbeck [55]. These secondary compounds play a significant role in affecting the degradation of protein within the rumen microbial ecosystem, subsequently impacting the availability of nitrogen in fodder species [56]. Additionally, changes in forage quality over time are closely linked to prevailing climatic conditions. During periods of drought, the reduction in nitrogen absorption capacity may exceed the decrease in plant growth, resulting in decreased nitrogen levels in the leaves [57]. This phenomenon can be attributed to temperature-related effects that favor tree and shrub species, directing their energy toward structural support and defense mechanisms rather than leaf growth, as demonstrated in previous research [58].

Table 2

Proximate analysis of 25 selected indigenous forage species from southern Yemen

Species Moisture (%) Crude protein (%) Crude fat (%) Ash (%) Carbohydrate (%) Crude fiber (%)
Abutilon bidentatum 15 10.2 2.4 15.1 54.3 18
Acacia etbaica 9 17 2.1 16.2 36.6 28.1
Acacia hamulosa 17.9 15.1 1.3 17.1 42.3 24.2
Aerva javanica 4 10 4.5 15.4 31.8 38.3
Albizia lebbeck 14.6 16.4 4.9 12.7 39.1 26.9
Amaranthus spp. 5.8 16.6 1.8 12 55.6 14
Anticharis arabica 11.2 9.5 2.8 27.2 43.6 16.9
Cenchrus ciliaris 12.6 9.2 2.1 15.1 33.35 40.25
Clitoria ternatea 16.3 21.4 3.3 9.3 40.1 25.9
Cynodon dactylon 14.7 9.6 1.8 14.7 42.4 31.5
Dipterygium glaucum 9.2 6 6.85 19.2 41.75 26.2
Fagonia indica 6 9 6.2 17 37.8 30
Indigofera oblongifolia 17.5 8.5 2.3 12.5 66.4 10.3
Indigofera spinosa 4.4 9.2 3.6 18 51.2 18
Lycium barbarum 10 13.8 2.5 14.5 48.3 20.9
Ornithopus sativus 5 18 4 14 44 20
Panicum antidotale 16.1 10.5 1.6 10.1 41 36.8
Panicum turgidum 4.8 5.5 2.9 9.8 39.15 42.65
Pennisetum purpureum 19.8 9.3 2 11.8 46.3 30.6
Rumex nervosus 8.4 13.2 1.4 18.9 58.2 8.3
Salvadora persica 31.3 16.3 2.2 34.6 35.8 11.1
Senegalia mellifera 39.6 18.4 2.5 9.2 45.9 24
Stipagrostis ciliata 13.8 9.2 1.4 12.8 48.58 28.02
Tribulus terrestris 14.3 16.2 2.9 13.3 51.4 16.2
Vigna sinensis 12.5 17.2 2.8 13.5 40.9 25.6
LSD (P < 0.05) 0.529 0.616 0.473 0.493 0.483 0.454
P < 0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

In this study, we found that crude fat levels varied from 1.3 to 6.85%. Dipterygium glaucum exhibited the highest fat content, while Acacia hamulosa displayed the lowest (Table 2). Crude fat analysis encompasses a diverse range of lipid compounds, including triglycerides, alcohols, waxes, terpenes, steroids, pigments, esters, aldehydes, and various other lipids [59]. In animal nutrition, crude fat serves as a vital component, providing a concentrated source of energy for livestock and contributing to the overall nutritional balance of their diets [47]. In some previous studies, it was found that the crude fat requirement is typically 2–5% for ruminants [60]. However, certain forage species, such as Medicago sativa and Festuca kashmiriana, have good forage potential, although they contain a low percentage of fat [61].

The crude fiber content among the 25 evaluated species showed significant variation, ranging from 8.3 to 42.7%. P. turgidum exhibited the highest crude fiber percentage while Rumex nervosus had the lowest. Fiber helps regulate the movement of food through the digestive system. High-fiber forage enhances digestive health by accelerating food passage, which can lead to reduced nutrient absorption and utilization rates, and ultimately a decline in feed efficiency. On the other hand, insufficient fiber can cause digestive issues such as constipation or diarrhea [62]. In this study, the fiber content of the species ranged from moderate to high [47] which may lower the digestibility and energy from fodder [63].

The non-fiber carbohydrate content (NFC%) of the experimental species ranged from 31.8% in A. javanica to 66.4% in Indigofera oblongifolia. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating a significant variation in the energy-providing components of the forage. An increase in NFC% content tends to increase its digestibility, due to their high digestibility. A lower NFC% content can enhance ruminant production efficiency. However, high NFC% feed has the potential to supplement rumen-degradable protein, reducing nitrogen losses. Therefore, balancing the ratio of energy to protein is crucial for maximizing the efficiency of the livestock production system while minimizing environmental impact [64]. In our study, only three species – P. turgidum, D. glaucum, and I. oblongifolia – showed high NFC% content compared to protein content, suggesting that most of the species included in this study have a good protein profile with less environmental impact.

Ash content serves as a parameter for assessing mineral composition in feed [65]. Higher ash content is frequently indicative of a greater mineral concentration. Although minerals are vital for animal health [66], excessive mineral content can lead to a reduction in the nutritional quality of the feed [67].

The analysis of ash content revealed values ranging from 1.1 to 44.8%. Notably, S. persica exhibited the highest ash content at 34.6%, while C. ternatea and S. mellifera displayed the lowest at 9.3 and 9.2% respectively (Table 2). The ash content of all forage species fell within the medium to high range (>5%). However, it is essential to note that, for specific species in arid Tunisian rangelands, the ash content ranged from 1 to 12%, as reported by Louhaichi et al. [22].

The palatability index reveals that 44% of the species considered are highly palatable, 40% exhibit good palatability, and the remaining 16% display moderate palatability. Notably, species like R. nervosus, S. persica, and Tribulus terrestris fall into the category of moderate palatability. These species are rich in secondary compounds, which are known to reduce the palatability and voluntary feed intake of forages [56,68]. However, these compounds are significant for mitigating methane emissions from ruminants, which have a significant environmental impact and play a role in addressing climate change [68].

The classification of species and their respective quality attributes among rangeland forage species is presented in Figure 2 and Table 3. In Cluster 2, the average crude protein content was approximately twice that of Cluster 3 and 41% higher than Cluster 1. On the other hand, Cluster 3 displayed a crude fiber concentration that was 140% greater than Cluster 1 and 39% higher than Cluster 2. Cluster 1 stood out with significantly higher carbohydrate percentages compared to Clusters 2 and 3, exhibiting a 23 and 29% difference, respectively. Similarly, Cluster 1 had the highest ash content, surpassing Clusters 2 and 3 by 41%. While there were no significant differences in palatability among the three clusters, Cluster 3 exhibited a higher crude fiber content compared to Clusters 1 and 2, showing an increase of 36 and 11.6%, respectively.

Figure 2 The classification of 25 selected indigenous forage species from southern Yemen based on quality attributes.
Figure 2

The classification of 25 selected indigenous forage species from southern Yemen based on quality attributes.

Table 3

Classification 25 selected indigenous forage species from southern Yemen based on quality attributes

Item Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3
Species Abutilon bidentatum Acacia etbaica Aerva javanica
Amaranthus spp. Clitoria ternatea Dipterygium glaucum
Indigofera oblongifolia Acacia hamulosa Fagonia indica
Anticharis arabica Lycium barbarum Cenchrus ciliaris
Indigofera spinosa Senegalia mellifera Panicum turgidum
Rumex nervosus Vigna sinensis Cynodon dactylon
Tribulus terrestris Albizia lebbeck Pennisetum purpureum
Salvadora persica Ornithopus sativus Stipagrostis ciliata
Panicum antidotale
Moisture (%) 13.5 + 3.02 15.6 + 3.73 11.2 + 1.84
Crude protein (%) 12.5 + 1.24 17.2 + 0.81 8.7 + 0.58
Crude fat (%) 2.4 + 0.24 2.9 + 0.4 3.3 + 0.69
Ash (%) 19 + 2.84 13.3 + 1.02 14 + 1.05
Non-fiber carbohydrate (%) 52.1 + 3.27 42.2 + 1.34 40.2 + 1.82
Crude fiber (%) 14.1 + 1.33 24.5 + 0.99 33.8 + 1.94
Palatability index 4 + 0.33 4.3 + 0.16 4.6 + 0.24

The first cluster comprises eight indigenous forage species, including seven shrubs and one herb (T. terrestris), representing various plant families such as Malvaceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, Zygophyllaceae, and Salvadoraceae. This classification suggests that these species hold promise as highly productive fodder sources. They have the potential to address feed shortages due to their drought resistance and quality [22].

The second cluster consists of eight species, predominantly legumes, which explains the high crude protein content and overall good fodder quality. In contrast, the third cluster includes nine species, mainly grasses, contributing to the high fiber content in this group suggesting their suitability for specific grazing purposes. These findings indicate that rangeland indigenous forage species and their associated fodder quality attributes can be instrumental in identifying promising candidates for rangeland rehabilitation and development.

4 Conclusions

Given the limited forage resources in Yemen, there is an urgent need to rehabilitate degraded rangelands and expand the cultivation of fodder species. Our findings demonstrate that all 25 indigenous forage species studied have good potential to support livestock production. Notably, C. ternatea, Lycium barbarum, S. mellifera, V. sinensis, A. lebbeck, and Acacia species show substantial nutritional value and adaptability to the local environment, making them invaluable for addressing fodder scarcity.

This study provides critical information for developing strategies to alleviate feed shortages. This knowledge could inform rangeland management strategies, enabling decision-makers, and pastoral communities to develop sustainable feeding practices that improve livestock production systems and support environmental sustainability.

Incorporating these promising plant species into regular livestock diets could enhance the sustainability and productivity of pastoral systems in southern Yemen. Further field and feed trials are needed to assess the impact of these plant species on livestock performance, as well as their effect on reducing carbon and nitrogen footprints, thus promoting the overall system sustainability.

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Acknowledgments

This study was conducted within the framework of the collaborative research program between the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and as part of the Livestock and Climate CGIAR Initiatives supported by contributors to the CGIAR Trust Fund. The opinions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of GCC, ICARDA, or the One CGIAR.

  1. Funding information: This article is financed through the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) and the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development (KFAED) funded project for 2018–2023 on “Improving agricultural production systems and conserving natural resources under climate change in the Arabian Peninsula”.

  2. Author contributions: Conceptualization, M.L. and B.A.S.A.; methodology, M.L., B.A.S.A., M.G., and S.H.; software, S.H.; validation, M.L., M.G., and S.H.; formal analysis, S.H.; investigation, B.A.S.A. and A.A.A.A.; resources, M.L.; writing – original draft preparation, M.G., M.L., and S.H.; writing – review and editing, M.L.; project administration, B.A.S.A. and A.A.A.A.; funding acquisition, M.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-12-08
Revised: 2024-09-12
Accepted: 2024-09-13
Published Online: 2024-11-11

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  115. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regulate glutathione metabolism depending on the ERK–Nrf2–HO-1 signal pathway to repair phosphoramide mustard-induced ovarian cancer cells
  116. Electroacupuncture on GB acupoints improves osteoporosis via the estradiol–PI3K–Akt signaling pathway
  117. Renalase protects against podocyte injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy
  118. Review: Dicranostigma leptopodum: A peculiar plant of Papaveraceae
  119. Combination effect of flavonoids attenuates lung cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the STAT3 and FAK signaling pathway
  120. Renal microangiopathy and immune complex glomerulonephritis induced by anti-tumour agents: A case report
  121. Correlation analysis of AVPR1a and AVPR2 with abnormal water and sodium and potassium metabolism in rats
  122. Gastrointestinal health anti-diarrheal mixture relieves spleen deficiency-induced diarrhea through regulating gut microbiota
  123. Myriad factors and pathways influencing tumor radiotherapy resistance
  124. Exploring the effects of culture conditions on Yapsin (YPS) gene expression in Nakaseomyces glabratus
  125. Screening of prognostic core genes based on cell–cell interaction in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis
  126. Coagulation factor II thrombin receptor as a promising biomarker in breast cancer management
  127. Ileocecal mucinous carcinoma misdiagnosed as incarcerated hernia: A case report
  128. Methyltransferase like 13 promotes malignant behaviors of bladder cancer cells through targeting PI3K/ATK signaling pathway
  129. The debate between electricity and heat, efficacy and safety of irreversible electroporation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver cancer: A meta-analysis
  130. ZAG promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by promoting lipid synthesis
  131. Baicalein inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitigates placental inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus
  132. Impact of SWCNT-conjugated senna leaf extract on breast cancer cells: A potential apoptotic therapeutic strategy
  133. MFAP5 inhibits the malignant progression of endometrial cancer cells in vitro
  134. Major ozonated autohemotherapy promoted functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult rats via the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation
  135. Axodendritic targeting of TAU and MAP2 and microtubule polarization in iPSC-derived versus SH-SY5Y-derived human neurons
  136. Differential expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and Toll-like receptor/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways in experimental obesity Wistar rat model
  137. The therapeutic potential of targeting Oncostatin M and the interleukin-6 family in retinal diseases: A comprehensive review
  138. BA inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammatory response and apoptosis in human middle ear epithelial cells by regulating the Nf-Kb/Iκbα axis
  139. Role of circRMRP and circRPL27 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  140. Investigating the role of hyperexpressed HCN1 in inducing myocardial infarction through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway
  141. Characterization of phenolic compounds and evaluation of anti-diabetic potential in Cannabis sativa L. seeds: In vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies
  142. Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis of breast Ki67 based on artificial intelligence
  143. Ecology and Environmental Science
  144. Screening of different growth conditions of Bacillus subtilis isolated from membrane-less microbial fuel cell toward antimicrobial activity profiling
  145. Degradation of a mixture of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by commercial effective microorganisms
  146. Evaluation of the impact of two citrus plants on the variation of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and beneficial phytoseiid mites
  147. Prediction of present and future distribution areas of Juniperus drupacea Labill and determination of ethnobotany properties in Antalya Province, Türkiye
  148. Population genetics of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in the northwest Pacific Ocean via GBS sequencing
  149. A comparative analysis of dendrometric, macromorphological, and micromorphological characteristics of Pistacia atlantica subsp. atlantica and Pistacia terebinthus in the middle Atlas region of Morocco
  150. Macrofungal sporocarp community in the lichen Scots pine forests
  151. Assessing the proximate compositions of indigenous forage species in Yemen’s pastoral rangelands
  152. Food Science
  153. Gut microbiota changes associated with low-carbohydrate diet intervention for obesity
  154. Reexamination of Aspergillus cristatus phylogeny in dark tea: Characteristics of the mitochondrial genome
  155. Differences in the flavonoid composition of the leaves, fruits, and branches of mulberry are distinguished based on a plant metabolomics approach
  156. Investigating the impact of wet rendering (solventless method) on PUFA-rich oil from catfish (Clarias magur) viscera
  157. Non-linear associations between cardiovascular metabolic indices and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study in the US population (2017–2020)
  158. Knockdown of USP7 alleviates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by regulating EZH2 expression
  159. Utility of dairy microbiome as a tool for authentication and traceability
  160. Agriculture
  161. Enhancing faba bean (Vicia faba L.) productivity through establishing the area-specific fertilizer rate recommendation in southwest Ethiopia
  162. Impact of novel herbicide based on synthetic auxins and ALS inhibitor on weed control
  163. Perspectives of pteridophytes microbiome for bioremediation in agricultural applications
  164. Fertilizer application parameters for drip-irrigated peanut based on the fertilizer effect function established from a “3414” field trial
  165. Improving the productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays L.) using optimum blended inorganic fertilization
  166. Application of leaf multispectral analyzer in comparison to hyperspectral device to assess the diversity of spectral reflectance indices in wheat genotypes
  167. Animal Sciences
  168. Knockdown of ANP32E inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and glycolysis by regulating the AKT/mTOR pathway
  169. Development of a detection chip for major pathogenic drug-resistant genes and drug targets in bovine respiratory system diseases
  170. Exploration of the genetic influence of MYOT and MB genes on the plumage coloration of Muscovy ducks
  171. Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue in grazing cattle: Identifying key regulators of fat metabolism
  172. Comparison of nutritional value of the wild and cultivated spiny loaches at three growth stages
  173. Transcriptomic analysis of liver immune response in Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) infected with Proteus mirabilis
  174. Disruption of BCAA degradation is a critical characteristic of diabetic cardiomyopathy revealed by integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis
  175. Plant Sciences
  176. Effect of long-term in-row branch covering on soil microorganisms in pear orchards
  177. Photosynthetic physiological characteristics, growth performance, and element concentrations reveal the calcicole–calcifuge behaviors of three Camellia species
  178. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of NaHCO3 promoting tobacco leaf maturation
  179. Bioinformatics, expression analysis, and functional verification of allene oxide synthase gene HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 in qingke
  180. Water, nitrogen, and phosphorus coupling improves gray jujube fruit quality and yield
  181. Improving grape fruit quality through soil conditioner: Insights from RNA-seq analysis of Cabernet Sauvignon roots
  182. Role of Embinin in the reabsorption of nucleus pulposus in lumbar disc herniation: Promotion of nucleus pulposus neovascularization and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells
  183. Revealing the effects of amino acid, organic acid, and phytohormones on the germination of tomato seeds under salinity stress
  184. Combined effects of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth, yield, and quality of pepper
  185. Comprehensive phytochemical and toxicological analysis of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) fractions
  186. Impact of “3414” fertilization on the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes
  187. Exploring the coupling mode of water and fertilizer for improving growth, fruit quality, and yield of the pear in the arid region
  188. Metagenomic analysis of endophytic bacteria in seed potato (Solanum tuberosum)
  189. Antibacterial, antifungal, and phytochemical properties of Salsola kali ethanolic extract
  190. Exploring the hepatoprotective properties of citronellol: In vitro and in silico studies on ethanol-induced damage in HepG2 cells
  191. Enhanced osmotic dehydration of watermelon rind using honey–sucrose solutions: A study on pre-treatment efficacy and mass transfer kinetics
  192. Effects of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide on photosynthetic traits of 53 cowpea varieties under NaCl stress
  193. Comparative transcriptome analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in response to copper stress
  194. An optimization method for measuring the stomata in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under multiple abiotic stresses
  195. Fosinopril inhibits Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation, phenotype transformation, migration, and oxidative stress through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway
  196. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salsola imbricata methanolic extract and its phytochemical characterization
  197. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  198. Absorbable calcium and phosphorus bioactive membranes promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation for bone regeneration
  199. New advances in protein engineering for industrial applications: Key takeaways
  200. An overview of the production and use of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin
  201. Research progress of nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
  202. Bioelectrochemical biosensors for water quality assessment and wastewater monitoring
  203. PEI/MMNs@LNA-542 nanoparticles alleviate ICU-acquired weakness through targeted autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial protection
  204. Unleashing of cytotoxic effects of thymoquinone-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles on A549 lung cancer cells
  205. Erratum
  206. Erratum to “Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM”
  207. Erratum to “Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation”
  208. Retraction
  209. Retraction to “MiR-223-3p regulates cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting RHOB”
  210. Retraction to “A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis”
  211. Special Issue on Advances in Neurodegenerative Disease Research and Treatment
  212. Transplantation of human neural stem cell prevents symptomatic motor behavior disability in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
  213. Special Issue on Multi-omics
  214. Inflammasome complex genes with clinical relevance suggest potential as therapeutic targets for anti-tumor drugs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
  215. Gastroesophageal varices in primary biliary cholangitis with anti-centromere antibody positivity: Early onset?
https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0901
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
climate changes; forage palatability; indigenous species; livestock grazing
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Biomedical Sciences
  2. Constitutive and evoked release of ATP in adult mouse olfactory epithelium
  3. LARP1 knockdown inhibits cultured gastric carcinoma cell cycle progression and metastatic behavior
  4. PEGylated porcine–human recombinant uricase: A novel fusion protein with improved efficacy and safety for the treatment of hyperuricemia and renal complications
  5. Research progress on ocular complications caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus and the function of tears and blepharons
  6. The role and mechanism of esketamine in preventing and treating remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia based on the NMDA receptor–CaMKII pathway
  7. Brucella infection combined with Nocardia infection: A case report and literature review
  8. Detection of serum interleukin-18 level and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and its clinical significance
  9. Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie2 are diagnostic biomarkers for Henoch-Schönlein purpura and pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematous
  10. PTTG1 induces pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and promotes aerobic glycolysis by regulating c-myc
  11. Role of serum B-cell-activating factor and interleukin-17 as biomarkers in the classification of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features
  12. Effectiveness and safety of a mumps containing vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed mumps cases from 2002 to 2017: A meta-analysis
  13. Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin predict an increased breast cancer risk and its underlying molecular mechanisms
  14. A case of Trousseau syndrome: Screening, detection and complication
  15. Application of the integrated airway humidification device enhances the humidification effect of the rabbit tracheotomy model
  16. Preparation of Cu2+/TA/HAP composite coating with anti-bacterial and osteogenic potential on 3D-printed porous Ti alloy scaffolds for orthopedic applications
  17. Aquaporin-8 promotes human dermal fibroblasts to counteract hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage: A novel target for management of skin aging
  18. Current research and evidence gaps on placental development in iron deficiency anemia
  19. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2910829 in PDE4D is related to stroke susceptibility in Chinese populations: The results of a meta-analysis
  20. Pheochromocytoma-induced myocardial infarction: A case report
  21. Kaempferol regulates apoptosis and migration of neural stem cells to attenuate cerebral infarction by O‐GlcNAcylation of β-catenin
  22. Sirtuin 5 regulates acute myeloid leukemia cell viability and apoptosis by succinylation modification of glycine decarboxylase
  23. Apigenin 7-glucoside impedes hypoxia-induced malignant phenotypes of cervical cancer cells in a p16-dependent manner
  24. KAT2A changes the function of endometrial stromal cells via regulating the succinylation of ENO1
  25. Current state of research on copper complexes in the treatment of breast cancer
  26. Exploring antioxidant strategies in the pathogenesis of ALS
  27. Helicobacter pylori causes gastric dysbacteriosis in chronic gastritis patients
  28. IL-33/soluble ST2 axis is associated with radiation-induced cardiac injury
  29. The predictive value of serum NLR, SII, and OPNI for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients with internal mammary lymph nodes after thoracoscopic surgery
  30. Carrying SNP rs17506395 (T > G) in TP63 gene and CCR5Δ32 mutation associated with the occurrence of breast cancer in Burkina Faso
  31. P2X7 receptor: A receptor closely linked with sepsis-associated encephalopathy
  32. Probiotics for inflammatory bowel disease: Is there sufficient evidence?
  33. Identification of KDM4C as a gene conferring drug resistance in multiple myeloma
  34. Microbial perspective on the skin–gut axis and atopic dermatitis
  35. Thymosin α1 combined with XELOX improves immune function and reduces serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer patients after radical surgery
  36. Highly specific vaginal microbiome signature for gynecological cancers
  37. Sample size estimation for AQP4-IgG seropositive optic neuritis: Retinal damage detection by optical coherence tomography
  38. The effects of SDF-1 combined application with VEGF on femoral distraction osteogenesis in rats
  39. Fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles using alginate: In vitro and in vivo assessment of its administration effects with swimming exercise on diabetic rats
  40. Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds
  41. Distribution of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in Han and Uygur populations with breast cancer in Xinjiang, China
  42. VSP-2 attenuates secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in BV2 cells by mediating the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway
  43. Factors influencing spontaneous hypothermia after emergency trauma and the construction of a predictive model
  44. Long-term administration of morphine specifically alters the level of protein expression in different brain regions and affects the redox state
  45. Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology in the etiological diagnosis of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis
  46. Clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodyspepsia syndrome using intelligent medicine
  47. Case report: Successful bronchoscopic interventional treatment of endobronchial leiomyomas
  48. Preliminary investigation into the genetic etiology of short stature in children through whole exon sequencing of the core family
  49. Cystic adenomyoma of the uterus: Case report and literature review
  50. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a drug delivery mechanism
  51. Dynamic changes in autophagy activity in different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis in mice
  52. Vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes: Big data insights
  53. Lactate-induced IGF1R protein lactylation promotes proliferation and metabolic reprogramming of lung cancer cells
  54. Meta-analysis on the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to treat malignant lymphoma
  55. Mitochondrial DNA drives neuroinflammation through the cGAS-IFN signaling pathway in the spinal cord of neuropathic pain mice
  56. Application value of artificial intelligence algorithm-based magnetic resonance multi-sequence imaging in staging diagnosis of cervical cancer
  57. Embedded monitoring system and teaching of artificial intelligence online drug component recognition
  58. Investigation into the association of FNDC1 and ADAMTS12 gene expression with plumage coloration in Muscovy ducks
  59. Yak meat content in feed and its impact on the growth of rats
  60. A rare case of Richter transformation with breast involvement: A case report and literature review
  61. First report of Nocardia wallacei infection in an immunocompetent patient in Zhejiang province
  62. Rhodococcus equi and Brucella pulmonary mass in immunocompetent: A case report and literature review
  63. Downregulation of RIP3 ameliorates the left ventricular mechanics and function after myocardial infarction via modulating NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
  64. Evaluation of the role of some non-enzymatic antioxidants among Iraqi patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  65. The role of Phafin proteins in cell signaling pathways and diseases
  66. Ten-year anemia as initial manifestation of Castleman disease in the abdominal cavity: A case report
  67. Coexistence of hereditary spherocytosis with SPTB P.Trp1150 gene variant and Gilbert syndrome: A case report and literature review
  68. Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells
  69. Exploratory evaluation supported by experimental and modeling approaches of Inula viscosa root extract as a potent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a 1 M HCl solution
  70. Imaging manifestations of ductal adenoma of the breast: A case report
  71. Gut microbiota and sleep: Interaction mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
  72. Isomangiferin promotes the migration and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
  73. Prognostic value and microenvironmental crosstalk of exosome-related signatures in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer
  74. Circular RNAs as potential biomarkers for male severe sepsis
  75. Knockdown of Stanniocalcin-1 inhibits growth and glycolysis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
  76. The expression and biological role of complement C1s in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
  77. A novel GNAS mutation in pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a with articular flexion deformity: A case report
  78. Predictive value of serum magnesium levels for prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing EGFR-TKI therapy
  79. HSPB1 alleviates acute-on-chronic liver failure via the P53/Bax pathway
  80. IgG4-related disease complicated by PLA2R-associated membranous nephropathy: A case report
  81. Baculovirus-mediated endostatin and angiostatin activation of autophagy through the AMPK/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibits angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma
  82. Metformin mitigates osteoarthritis progression by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing chondrocyte autophagy
  83. Evaluation of the activity of antimicrobial peptides against bacterial vaginosis
  84. Atypical presentation of γ/δ mycosis fungoides with an unusual phenotype and SOCS1 mutation
  85. Analysis of the microecological mechanism of diabetic kidney disease based on the theory of “gut–kidney axis”: A systematic review
  86. Omega-3 fatty acids prevent gestational diabetes mellitus via modulation of lipid metabolism
  87. Refractory hypertension complicated with Turner syndrome: A case report
  88. Interaction of ncRNAs and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: Implications for osteosarcoma
  89. Association of low attenuation area scores with pulmonary function and clinical prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  90. Long non-coding RNAs in bone formation: Key regulators and therapeutic prospects
  91. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP35 regulates the stability of NRF2 protein
  92. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as potential diagnostic markers for rebleeding in patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding
  93. G protein-coupled receptor 1 participating in the mechanism of mediating gestational diabetes mellitus by phosphorylating the AKT pathway
  94. LL37-mtDNA regulates viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-treated RLE-6TN cells by targeting Hsp90aa1
  95. The analgesic effect of paeoniflorin: A focused review
  96. Chemical composition’s effect on Solanum nigrum Linn.’s antioxidant capacity and erythrocyte protection: Bioactive components and molecular docking analysis
  97. Knockdown of HCK promotes HREC cell viability and inner blood–retinal barrier integrity by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway
  98. The role of rapamycin in the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in mitophagy in podocytes
  99. Laryngeal non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Report of four cases and review of the literature
  100. Clinical value of macrogenome next-generation sequencing on infections
  101. Overview of dendritic cells and related pathways in autoimmune uveitis
  102. TAK-242 alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting pyroptosis and TLR4/CaMKII/NLRP3 pathway
  103. Hypomethylation in promoters of PGC-1α involved in exercise-driven skeletal muscular alterations in old age
  104. Profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from effluents of Kolladiba and Debark hospitals
  105. The expression and clinical significance of syncytin-1 in serum exosomes of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
  106. A histomorphometric study to evaluate the therapeutic effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on the kidneys infected with Plasmodium chabaudi
  107. PGRMC1 and PAQR4 are promising molecular targets for a rare subtype of ovarian cancer
  108. Analysis of MDA, SOD, TAOC, MNCV, SNCV, and TSS scores in patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy
  109. SLIT3 deficiency promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by modulating UBE2C/WNT signaling
  110. The relationship between TMCO1 and CALR in the pathological characteristics of prostate cancer and its effect on the metastasis of prostate cancer cells
  111. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a potential target for enhancing the chemosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  112. PHB2 alleviates retinal pigment epithelium cell fibrosis by suppressing the AGE–RAGE pathway
  113. Anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor autoimmune encephalitis with syncope as the initial symptom: Case report and literature review
  114. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genome of Lonicera japonica cv. Damaohua
  115. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regulate glutathione metabolism depending on the ERK–Nrf2–HO-1 signal pathway to repair phosphoramide mustard-induced ovarian cancer cells
  116. Electroacupuncture on GB acupoints improves osteoporosis via the estradiol–PI3K–Akt signaling pathway
  117. Renalase protects against podocyte injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy
  118. Review: Dicranostigma leptopodum: A peculiar plant of Papaveraceae
  119. Combination effect of flavonoids attenuates lung cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the STAT3 and FAK signaling pathway
  120. Renal microangiopathy and immune complex glomerulonephritis induced by anti-tumour agents: A case report
  121. Correlation analysis of AVPR1a and AVPR2 with abnormal water and sodium and potassium metabolism in rats
  122. Gastrointestinal health anti-diarrheal mixture relieves spleen deficiency-induced diarrhea through regulating gut microbiota
  123. Myriad factors and pathways influencing tumor radiotherapy resistance
  124. Exploring the effects of culture conditions on Yapsin (YPS) gene expression in Nakaseomyces glabratus
  125. Screening of prognostic core genes based on cell–cell interaction in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis
  126. Coagulation factor II thrombin receptor as a promising biomarker in breast cancer management
  127. Ileocecal mucinous carcinoma misdiagnosed as incarcerated hernia: A case report
  128. Methyltransferase like 13 promotes malignant behaviors of bladder cancer cells through targeting PI3K/ATK signaling pathway
  129. The debate between electricity and heat, efficacy and safety of irreversible electroporation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of liver cancer: A meta-analysis
  130. ZAG promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by promoting lipid synthesis
  131. Baicalein inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitigates placental inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus
  132. Impact of SWCNT-conjugated senna leaf extract on breast cancer cells: A potential apoptotic therapeutic strategy
  133. MFAP5 inhibits the malignant progression of endometrial cancer cells in vitro
  134. Major ozonated autohemotherapy promoted functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult rats via the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation
  135. Axodendritic targeting of TAU and MAP2 and microtubule polarization in iPSC-derived versus SH-SY5Y-derived human neurons
  136. Differential expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and Toll-like receptor/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways in experimental obesity Wistar rat model
  137. The therapeutic potential of targeting Oncostatin M and the interleukin-6 family in retinal diseases: A comprehensive review
  138. BA inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammatory response and apoptosis in human middle ear epithelial cells by regulating the Nf-Kb/Iκbα axis
  139. Role of circRMRP and circRPL27 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  140. Investigating the role of hyperexpressed HCN1 in inducing myocardial infarction through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway
  141. Characterization of phenolic compounds and evaluation of anti-diabetic potential in Cannabis sativa L. seeds: In vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies
  142. Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis of breast Ki67 based on artificial intelligence
  143. Ecology and Environmental Science
  144. Screening of different growth conditions of Bacillus subtilis isolated from membrane-less microbial fuel cell toward antimicrobial activity profiling
  145. Degradation of a mixture of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by commercial effective microorganisms
  146. Evaluation of the impact of two citrus plants on the variation of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and beneficial phytoseiid mites
  147. Prediction of present and future distribution areas of Juniperus drupacea Labill and determination of ethnobotany properties in Antalya Province, Türkiye
  148. Population genetics of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in the northwest Pacific Ocean via GBS sequencing
  149. A comparative analysis of dendrometric, macromorphological, and micromorphological characteristics of Pistacia atlantica subsp. atlantica and Pistacia terebinthus in the middle Atlas region of Morocco
  150. Macrofungal sporocarp community in the lichen Scots pine forests
  151. Assessing the proximate compositions of indigenous forage species in Yemen’s pastoral rangelands
  152. Food Science
  153. Gut microbiota changes associated with low-carbohydrate diet intervention for obesity
  154. Reexamination of Aspergillus cristatus phylogeny in dark tea: Characteristics of the mitochondrial genome
  155. Differences in the flavonoid composition of the leaves, fruits, and branches of mulberry are distinguished based on a plant metabolomics approach
  156. Investigating the impact of wet rendering (solventless method) on PUFA-rich oil from catfish (Clarias magur) viscera
  157. Non-linear associations between cardiovascular metabolic indices and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study in the US population (2017–2020)
  158. Knockdown of USP7 alleviates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by regulating EZH2 expression
  159. Utility of dairy microbiome as a tool for authentication and traceability
  160. Agriculture
  161. Enhancing faba bean (Vicia faba L.) productivity through establishing the area-specific fertilizer rate recommendation in southwest Ethiopia
  162. Impact of novel herbicide based on synthetic auxins and ALS inhibitor on weed control
  163. Perspectives of pteridophytes microbiome for bioremediation in agricultural applications
  164. Fertilizer application parameters for drip-irrigated peanut based on the fertilizer effect function established from a “3414” field trial
  165. Improving the productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays L.) using optimum blended inorganic fertilization
  166. Application of leaf multispectral analyzer in comparison to hyperspectral device to assess the diversity of spectral reflectance indices in wheat genotypes
  167. Animal Sciences
  168. Knockdown of ANP32E inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and glycolysis by regulating the AKT/mTOR pathway
  169. Development of a detection chip for major pathogenic drug-resistant genes and drug targets in bovine respiratory system diseases
  170. Exploration of the genetic influence of MYOT and MB genes on the plumage coloration of Muscovy ducks
  171. Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue in grazing cattle: Identifying key regulators of fat metabolism
  172. Comparison of nutritional value of the wild and cultivated spiny loaches at three growth stages
  173. Transcriptomic analysis of liver immune response in Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) infected with Proteus mirabilis
  174. Disruption of BCAA degradation is a critical characteristic of diabetic cardiomyopathy revealed by integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis
  175. Plant Sciences
  176. Effect of long-term in-row branch covering on soil microorganisms in pear orchards
  177. Photosynthetic physiological characteristics, growth performance, and element concentrations reveal the calcicole–calcifuge behaviors of three Camellia species
  178. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of NaHCO3 promoting tobacco leaf maturation
  179. Bioinformatics, expression analysis, and functional verification of allene oxide synthase gene HvnAOS1 and HvnAOS2 in qingke
  180. Water, nitrogen, and phosphorus coupling improves gray jujube fruit quality and yield
  181. Improving grape fruit quality through soil conditioner: Insights from RNA-seq analysis of Cabernet Sauvignon roots
  182. Role of Embinin in the reabsorption of nucleus pulposus in lumbar disc herniation: Promotion of nucleus pulposus neovascularization and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells
  183. Revealing the effects of amino acid, organic acid, and phytohormones on the germination of tomato seeds under salinity stress
  184. Combined effects of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth, yield, and quality of pepper
  185. Comprehensive phytochemical and toxicological analysis of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) fractions
  186. Impact of “3414” fertilization on the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes
  187. Exploring the coupling mode of water and fertilizer for improving growth, fruit quality, and yield of the pear in the arid region
  188. Metagenomic analysis of endophytic bacteria in seed potato (Solanum tuberosum)
  189. Antibacterial, antifungal, and phytochemical properties of Salsola kali ethanolic extract
  190. Exploring the hepatoprotective properties of citronellol: In vitro and in silico studies on ethanol-induced damage in HepG2 cells
  191. Enhanced osmotic dehydration of watermelon rind using honey–sucrose solutions: A study on pre-treatment efficacy and mass transfer kinetics
  192. Effects of exogenous 2,4-epibrassinolide on photosynthetic traits of 53 cowpea varieties under NaCl stress
  193. Comparative transcriptome analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in response to copper stress
  194. An optimization method for measuring the stomata in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under multiple abiotic stresses
  195. Fosinopril inhibits Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation, phenotype transformation, migration, and oxidative stress through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway
  196. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salsola imbricata methanolic extract and its phytochemical characterization
  197. Bioengineering and Biotechnology
  198. Absorbable calcium and phosphorus bioactive membranes promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation for bone regeneration
  199. New advances in protein engineering for industrial applications: Key takeaways
  200. An overview of the production and use of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin
  201. Research progress of nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
  202. Bioelectrochemical biosensors for water quality assessment and wastewater monitoring
  203. PEI/MMNs@LNA-542 nanoparticles alleviate ICU-acquired weakness through targeted autophagy inhibition and mitochondrial protection
  204. Unleashing of cytotoxic effects of thymoquinone-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles on A549 lung cancer cells
  205. Erratum
  206. Erratum to “Investigating the association between dietary patterns and glycemic control among children and adolescents with T1DM”
  207. Erratum to “Activation of hypermethylated P2RY1 mitigates gastric cancer by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation”
  208. Retraction
  209. Retraction to “MiR-223-3p regulates cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting RHOB”
  210. Retraction to “A data mining technique for detecting malignant mesothelioma cancer using multiple regression analysis”
  211. Special Issue on Advances in Neurodegenerative Disease Research and Treatment
  212. Transplantation of human neural stem cell prevents symptomatic motor behavior disability in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
  213. Special Issue on Multi-omics
  214. Inflammasome complex genes with clinical relevance suggest potential as therapeutic targets for anti-tumor drugs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
  215. Gastroesophageal varices in primary biliary cholangitis with anti-centromere antibody positivity: Early onset?
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Heruntergeladen am 23.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/biol-2022-0901/html
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