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Recent advances in photothermal materials for solar-driven crude oil adsorption

  • Jinyang Li , Zhenyu Wang , Hanpeng Deng , Jiayang Li , Bin Wang and Zuowan Zhou EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 25, 2022
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Nanotechnology Reviews
From the journal Nanotechnology Reviews Volume 11 Issue 1

Abstract

In recent years, the adsorption method is usually adopted in the actual treatment of crude oil spills. However, the high viscosity of crude oils prevents them from diffusing into the internal pores of the adsorbent, resulting in ineffective oil capture. Photothermal materials can reduce the viscosity of crude oil by in situ heating through the photothermal conversion effect, making it easier for crude oil to occupy the internal pores of the adsorbent. At present, the review of the application of photothermal materials in the field of crude oil adsorption is still blank. This review focuses on the application of novel photothermal conversion materials in the field of crude oil adsorption and their performance comparison. Among the photothermal conversion materials used in the field of crude oil adsorption, some are commercial sponges with high porosity and photothermal coating, while others are self-assembled three-dimensional porous structures of materials with inherent photothermal properties. This review mainly introduces the types and research progress of materials with good photothermal effect at home and abroad in recent years and summarizes some new research ideas and materials that can be applied to photothermal conversion.

Keywords: sunlight utilization; photothermal conversion mechanism; photothermal conversion materials; crude oil adsorption

1 Introduction

Oil is an indispensable resource for human production. In the process of oil exploration, recovery, and transportation, oil leakage will cause significant harm to the ecosystem [1,2]. Various efforts, such as gravity separation, oil boom isolation, solidification, dispersion, bioremediation, and combustion [3,4,5,6,7], have dealt with crude oil spills. However, these methods often lead to massive energy consumption, resources, and time [8]. They are also inefficient for crude oils with high viscosity and low mobility, and the chemicals used or produced in the process sometimes cause secondary pollution [9]. Adsorption is a simple, efficient, and effective method for dealing with oil spills without secondary pollution [10]. The porous photothermal material can be used for crude oil spill repair due to its adsorption, photothermal conversion, and robust reproducibility. It does not negatively impact the environment when used for in situ heating to harvest crude oil from the ocean surface or oil/water mixtures.

In recent years, more and more studies have been conducted on light-absorbing materials to apply the solar thermal conversion to crude oil adsorption. Metal-based nanoparticles and inorganic semiconductor materials are rarely studied in crude oil adsorption because they do not have a pore structure and only have light absorption properties at some wavelengths. They are usually used in photothermal therapy and solar water evaporation. Two mainstream 3D network photothermal conversion structures are currently studied in crude oil adsorption: the first is the interconnected commercial sponge, which has been widely studied due to its low cost, high porosity, and robust mechanical properties. However, it has no self-heating performance, and its photothermal conversion performance can only be improved by coating graphene [11], dopamine [12,13], and other photothermal coatings. The practical application is achieved by coating the hydrophobic and thermally conductive layers [14]. The second is to use graphene and its derivatives [15,16,17], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [18,19], MXene materials [20], etc., to self-assemble into framework materials with self-healing properties. Then, the photothermal elements (such as metal coordination compounds [21,22,23] and inorganic semiconductors [24,25]) are loaded to improve their photothermal conversion performance further. Therefore, this article mainly reviews recent advances in photothermal materials for solar-driven crude oil adsorption.

2 Photothermal conversion mechanism

Photothermal materials capable of harnessing solar energy have attracted great interest in the past few decades. An ideal photothermal conversion material should have broad-spectrum solar absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency. Under sunlight irradiation, the material absorbs photons in the sunlight, causing it to be photoexcited. Driven by photoexcitation, hot electrons are generated, resulting in the distribution of thermal charge flow, which ultimately converts solar energy into thermal energy. According to the type of electrons and the bandgap structure, the photothermal conversion mechanism can be divided into the following three categories: (1) Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) effect, (2) electron–hole generation and nonradiative relaxation, and (3) conjugation or hyperconjugation effect.

2.1 LSPR effect

Common metal-based nanoparticles have the LSPR effect [26]. When the diameter of metal nanoparticles is smaller than the excitation wavelength, an electric field of a specific frequency will cause the coherent oscillation of metal-free electrons when they pass through the nanoparticles. Optical radiation induces electrons to oscillate from an occupied state to an unoccupied state, generating hot electrons that are converted into thermal energy. The lattice then transfers heat to the surrounding medium through phonon–phonon coupling, thereby raising the surrounding temperature. Gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles are the most common plasmonic metals for photothermal conversion applications. It has been reported that when the plasmon resonance wavelength of gold is equal to the wavelength of laser illumination, its temperature can reach above 70°C [27].

2.2 Electron–hole generation and nonradiative relaxation

Electron–hole generation and nonradiative relaxation of semiconductors generally exist in inorganic semiconductor materials. When the incident light is greater than the bandgap energy of the semiconductor, strong absorption occurs at wavelengths where the bandgap energy matches, generating electron–hole pairs [28] equivalent to the bandgap energy. When the excited electrons return to the lowest energy level, there are two release paths. One part is released in the form of photons by radiative relaxation [29]; the other part is released in the form of phonons by nonradiative relaxation, and the phonons interact with the lattice to generate heat. This mechanism applies to various narrow-bandgap semiconductors, such as CuS [30] and MoS2 [31]. For wide-bandgap semiconductors, most of the absorbed energy is re-emitted in the form of photons, which are prone to electron–hole pair recombination.

2.3 Conjugation or hyperconjugation

In a conjugated system, the overlapping of adjacent π electrons or the interaction of π bonds with p orbital electrons redistributes the electron density, resulting in conjugation effects. While most chemical bonds, such as C–C, C–H, O–H, and C–O, exist as σ bonds, the interaction between the electrons of the σ bond and the adjacent empty orbitals or partially filled p orbitals also produces a conjugation effect called the hyperconjugation effect. The conjugation effect and hyperconjugation effect make electrons have strong light absorption in the near-infrared region and accelerate the migration between electrons. These electrons can be excited from π to π* orbitals with lower energy inputs, releasing heat on their return to the ground state. These two effects enable the photothermal conversion of many carbon-based materials with conjugated structures, such as graphene and CNTs. In addition, some organic polymers with conjugated structures, such as polydopamine (PDA) and polypyrrole (PPy), also have photothermal properties. The excited state electrons relax from the lowest occupied molecular orbital to the highest occupied molecular orbital through electron–phonon coupling, thereby generating thermal energy.

3 Crude oil adsorption

3.1 Liquid adsorption mechanism

For the liquid adsorption process of three-dimensional porous materials, the adsorption efficiency is mainly determined by the porosity, surface wettability, absorbent pore size, average tortuosity factor, and liquid viscosity. The adsorption efficiency increases with increasing adsorbent porosity, pore size, surface tension, decreasing liquid viscosity, and decreasing tortuosity of the adsorbent [32]. Based on the liquid adsorption mechanism, we can improve the oil absorption efficiency from the following three aspects to achieve the purpose of adsorbing crude oil: (1) hydrophobic/oleophilic modification; (2) enhancement of the inner capillarity action of oil adsorption materials (tortuosity reduction); and (3) combination of heating methods with oil adsorption materials [33].

3.2 Application of photothermal conversion to crude oil adsorption

Generally speaking, the composition of crude oil is very complex. Due to their molecular structure [34] and the influence of other heteroatoms or groups [35], they have such high viscosity that they are difficult to be adsorbed by ordinary porous adsorbents. The viscosity of crude oil is a key parameter affecting its recovery, production and transportation, and remediation [36]. The viscosity of crude oil is largely dependent on two external factors: temperature and pressure. Elevated temperature causes crude oil to become less viscous and increase its fluidity. Photothermal conversion materials can use their own characteristics to convert absorbed sunlight into heat energy to heat crude oil in situ to reduce the viscosity of crude oil, so that it is easier to be adsorbed. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the use of solar energy to assist adsorbents with photothermal effect to achieve high-efficiency photothermal conversion to accelerate the crude oil adsorption.

4 Research status of new photothermal conversion materials and their crude oil adsorption

With the development of science, technology, and human society, the demand for clean energy utilization in various fields has increased. Photothermal materials with low price, easy functionalization, easy preparation, and broad spectral absorption have been widely studied. At present, common new photothermal conversion materials mainly include: metal-based nanoparticles [37], inorganic semiconductor materials [38], organic polymers [39,40,41], Mxene materials [42,43], and carbon-based materials [44,45]. Porous photothermal conversion materials have been widely studied in crude oil adsorption applications.

4.1 Metal-based nanoparticles

Metal-based nanoparticle photothermal conversion materials are mainly silver, gold, palladium, and other precious metals. Surface plasmon oscillations of metal electrons lead to enhanced light absorption in electromagnetic fields. The surface plasmon absorption spectrum undergoes a red shift as the particle size increases. Nanoparticles of the right size can strongly absorb visible hooks and near-infrared light. Therefore, the photothermal conversion properties of these metal-based nanoparticles are affected by their shape, size, and environment. At the same time, its light absorption range is limited, and it is generally used in conjunction with other photothermal materials with broad spectral light absorption. Metal-based nanomaterials are usually only supported simply. It is easy to be detached during use, which greatly reduces the light-to-heat conversion performance of the material. Shi et al. [46] prepared magnetic lignin-based polyurethane foam by adding polyurethane and Fe2O3 nanoparticles during lignin foaming. The prepared foam has good photothermal conversion and recycling performance and can be used to remove viscous crude oil in water. Ding et al. [47] reported a UV-initiated cross-linking of polysodium methacrylate (pNaMMA), then replaced Na+ ions with Ag+, and then photothermally in situ reduced to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The prepared pNaMMA/AgNPs fabric has the effect of oil–water separation and sterilization. The materials reported by them all make the matrix material have strong bonding with metal-based nanoparticles and have good recycling performance.

4.2 Inorganic semiconductor materials

Black inorganic semiconductor materials have become the research focus of photothermal conversion materials due to their advantages of various types and easy functional modification, usually including black titanium dioxide, Cu7S4, Ti3AlC2, etc. Generally speaking, inorganic semiconductors are commonly used in fields, such as photothermal therapy [48] and solar water evaporation [49], due to their excellent processability and biocompatibility [50]. Inorganic semiconductors are rarely used in crude oil adsorption and must be combined with other materials. Inorganic semiconductor materials are similar to metal-based nanoparticles. In the field of crude oil adsorption, attention should also be paid to the problem of photothermal unit falling off. Li et al. [51] used carbon black nanoparticles to decorate the viscous polymer foam skeleton, which could be heated to more than 80°C under the irradiation of 1 Sun, and the adsorption capacity reached 6 g/g. Sun et al. [52] assembled CuFeSe2 nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemistry with graphene aerogels to synthesize graphene aerogel-CuFeSe2 (GA-CuFeSe2). It has an ultrafast adsorption rate and a large adsorption capacity at a specific wavelength (808 nm). Niu et al. [53] deposited CuS nanoparticles on melamine sponges (MSs) (Figure 1a). Under sunlight, the sponge can be quickly heated, effectively reducing the viscosity of the surrounding crude oil and enhancing the fluidity. The peristaltic pump can continuously absorb crude oil at 5.30 g/min. Li et al. [54] designed a layered CuO@CuS/PDMS nanowire array (NWA) inspired by the Crassula perforata-Structured (Figure 1b). This structure has excellent photothermal conversion performance and thermal conductivity, and the adsorption capacity of crude oil can reach 1.56 × 106 g/m3 in the adsorption process of 5 min.

Figure 1 (a) Solar-assisted in situ crude oil recovery [53]. (b) CuO@CuS/PDMS NWA growth and crude oil adsorption diagram [54].
Figure 1

(a) Solar-assisted in situ crude oil recovery [53]. (b) CuO@CuS/PDMS NWA growth and crude oil adsorption diagram [54].

4.3 Organic polymers

Common organic polymer photothermal conversion materials mainly include dopamine and PPy. The construction of a donor–acceptor structure within the dopamine system resulted in a lower energy gap and increased electron delocalization [55]. The unique wrinkled structure of multilayer PPy is formed spontaneously during the polymerization process. The PPy surface will absorb incident light at different angles after multiple reflections, promoting the broad-spectrum light capture capability of the multilayer PPy nanosheets [56]. Compared with metal-based nanoparticles and inorganic semiconductors, which have photothermal conversion effects only in a certain wavelength range, organic polymers have the ability to capture broad-spectrum light. While sunlight has a very wide wavelength range, organic polymers can better utilize the energy of sunlight and can be better applied in practice. Thence, these advantages make them suitable for crude oil adsorption. While organic polymers need to pay attention to their environmental stability, they are prone to corrosion and photodegradation. Therefore, they usually need to be protected by other functional coatings in practical use. In 2015, Wu et al. [57] integrated the sunlight-induced photothermal conversion effect of PPy and the thermoresponsive properties of poly(n-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) into an MS. The material successfully achieved rapid absorption of heavy oil under sunlight and passive oil release underwater at room temperature. In 2018, Zhang et al. [58] synthesized a self-heating hydrophobic/lipophilic sponge by depositing PDA and polydimethylsiloxane using an aqueous deposition process, benefiting from the photothermal conversion effect of PDA coating. The temperature of the sponge is rapidly increased, reducing the viscosity of the crude oil in situ. The adsorption capacity of the self-heating sponge can reach 1.29 ± 0.37 × 106 g/m3. At the same time, they integrated a self-heating sponge with a peristaltic pump to create a self-heating vacuum cleaner (Figure 2a) that enables continuous cleaning or collection of crude oil from the water surface. In 2021, Li et al. [59] constructed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyaniline (PANI)-modified MS by simple polymerization and dip coating (Figure 2b). The unique photothermal coating makes the surface equilibrium temperature rise rapidly to 81.80°C within 2 min, thus showing an excellent adsorption capacity of 1.17 × 106 g/m3. In 2022, Zeng et al. [60] prepared a superhydrophobic cotton fabric with a photothermal conversion effect by the PPy deposition method. The surface of the modified cotton fabric was heated to 68.20°C through the photothermal conversion effect to reduce the viscosity of crude oil and selectively absorb crude oil in water. The efficiency increased from 83.20 to 91.80%.

Figure 2 (a) Schematic illustration of the solar-driven vacuum cleaner [58]. (b) Schematic diagram of PDMS/PANI photothermal conversion crude oil adsorption [59].
Figure 2

(a) Schematic illustration of the solar-driven vacuum cleaner [58]. (b) Schematic diagram of PDMS/PANI photothermal conversion crude oil adsorption [59].

4.4 Inorganic compound MXene materials

The research on inorganic compounds MXene is still in its infancy, and the mechanism is not fully understood. MXene and other materials are necessary for their photothermal behavior due to their excellent solar light absorption properties. At the same time, sunlight can pass through the lattice structure of MXene and can be reflected multiple times between layers, so MXene has efficient light absorption in a wide range of the solar spectrum. MXene is characterized by high mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, and shape diversity in structure and composition. They are also hydrophobic, so they are also used in crude oil adsorption. Inspired by wood, Cai et al. [61] synthesized MXene aerogels with excellent photothermal conversion ability with functionalized cellulose nanocrystals by green mechanochemistry. The desired microstructures can be controllably diversified for structurally adaptive functions through nucleation-driven fine-tuning. MXene aerogels exhibit durable superhydrophobicity, mechanical superelasticity, efficient light oil absorption, and excellent light-to-heat conversion. Ma et al. [62] modified lignin-based polyurethane foam with MXene nanosheets (Figure 3a), the maximum equilibrium temperature reached 83.50°C, and the adsorption capacity reached 7.60 ± 0.20 g/g under 1 Sun. At the same time, it is easy to degrade in an alkaline solution, leaving only TiO2 particles that are harmless to the environment, which makes it safer and more environmentally friendly to recycle. Gong et al. [63] used a simple strategy to prepare Ti3C2TX Mxene-wrapped commercial sponges (Ti3C2TX@PU) (Figure 3b). Under the irradiation of 1 Sun, the temperature was raised to 75°C within 2 min, and the adsorption capacity reached 43 times its own. The sponge has a good electrothermal conversion effect and can be used for all-weather crude oil adsorption.

Figure 3 (a) Schematic diagram of LPUF photothermal conversion crude oil adsorption and recovery [62]. (b) Schematic illustration of all-weather Ti3C2TX@PU used for viscous oil cleanup [63].
Figure 3

(a) Schematic diagram of LPUF photothermal conversion crude oil adsorption and recovery [62]. (b) Schematic illustration of all-weather Ti3C2TX@PU used for viscous oil cleanup [63].

4.5 Carbon-based materials

Compared with photothermal conversion materials, such as metal-based nanoparticles, organic polymers, MXene materials, or inorganic semiconductors, carbon-based 3D materials have the advantages of broad-spectrum light absorption, excellent photothermal conversion performance, low cost, and tunable pore structure. In addition, the surface of carbon-based materials is easy to expand and modify and can be integrated with various substrates. Carbon-based nanomaterials have been selected as excellent photothermal conversion materials due to their properties and are widely used in crude oil adsorption. Wu et al. [64] reported a three-dimensional porous material with a radially arranged porous structure prepared from carbonized natural wood coated with PDMS as the hydrophobic layer (Figure 4a). Low adsorption resistance and high capillary effect make it easier for crude oil to enter the pores of balsa wood for fast cleaning of crude oil. It can raise the surface temperature to 75°C in 1 min under 1.5 Sun. It also compresses and releases at a constant 50% strain for extended periods without structural damage. Luo et al. [65] reported a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-based microsphere aerogel with many radially oriented microchannels (Figure 4b), which was synthesized by growing CNTs within the microchannels and reducing graphene oxide components at high temperature. Due to the efficient photothermal conversion effect and the rough lipophilic surface of the large surface area microchannels, this aerogel promotes the absorption of sunlight, thereby enhancing the adsorption of crude oil. Under 1 Sun, the aerogel surface temperature rapidly rose to 83°C within 1 min. In addition, the aerogel with a large number of radially oriented microchannels has an extraordinary adsorption capacity for heavy crude oil, with an adsorption capacity as high as 267 g/g in 10 min.

Figure 4 (a) Schematic comparison between PDMS@WCS with aligned channels and commercial MS with random pores [64]. (b) Schematic diagram of CNTs/RGO microspherical aerogels photothermal conversion crude oil adsorption CNTs/RGO microspherical aerogels [65].
Figure 4

(a) Schematic comparison between PDMS@WCS with aligned channels and commercial MS with random pores [64]. (b) Schematic diagram of CNTs/RGO microspherical aerogels photothermal conversion crude oil adsorption CNTs/RGO microspherical aerogels [65].

5 Performance comparison of photothermal materials toward removal of oil spills

In recent years, the efficient and pollution-free application of photothermal materials in crude oil adsorption by converting solar energy into heat has attracted considerable attention. Photothermal materials in high-viscosity oil spill remediation rely on their unique structural properties, such as surface hydrophobicity, high surface area, and tunable pore structure. Judging the advantages and disadvantages of photothermal materials in the field of crude oil adsorption mainly depends on the adsorption capacity, adsorption time, cycle stability, and photothermal conversion performance. Table 1 summarizes the photothermal materials in crude oil adsorption in the past 5 years.

Table 1

Performance comparison of photothermal materials toward removal of oil spills

Types of photothermal materials Photothermal conversion materials Elevated temperature T (℃) Adsorption capacity Sorption time t (min) Desorption method Recycling time Intensity of sunlight (kW/m2) Ref.
Metal-based nanoparticles rGO/AgNPs-MS — 68 g/g 5 Manual squeezing — 1 [66]
Inorganic semiconductor materials GA-CuFeSe2 139 18.63 g/g — — — 2.7 [52]
MoS2-RS — 15 g/g — — — 1 [67]
CuO@CuS/PDMS 60 1.56  × 106 g/m3 5 — 8 0.6 [54]
Organic polymers and their composites PDMS/PDA5 80 1.29 × 106 g/m3 3 Mechanical compression 9 1.5 [58]
PPB@PU 91 45 g/g — — — 1 [10]
LPUF30-1 90.30 6.34 g/g — Manual squeezing 5 1 [68]
PDMS/PANI@MS 81.80 1.17 × 106 g/m3 2 Manual squeezing 6 1 [59]
CPMF400 79.20 — 5 Manual squeezing — 1 [69]
PDMS/CNF-4 70 2 g/g 1.5 Manual squeezing 10 1 [70]
PDMS@WCS-20 75 9.84 × 105 g/m3 10 Mechanical compression 6 1.5 [64]
OTS-rGO-WS 88 7.28 g/g — mechanical compression 10 1 [11]
CNT/PDMS-PU-4 88 20 g/g 15 Manual squeezing 5 1 [71]
MXene materials MXene aerogel 65.80 24.50 g/g 35 Mechanical compression 5 0.8 [61]
Carbon-based materials CNT/RGO-1 sphere 88 267 g/g 10 n-Hexane wash 5 1 [65]
CNT/RGO monolith 91 125 g/g 15 — — 1 [65]
RGO monolith 78 105 g/g 15 — — 1 [65]
MF/rGO 89 — 1.5 Manual squeezing 500 1 [72]
Carbonized Fabrics 34.4 — — — — 1 [73]
CNT/wood aerogel 70 23.1 g/g 10 Manual squeezing 10 1 [74]
rGO@PPS 72 — — — — 1 [75]
CR-S 60 60 g/g 10 Manual squeezing 7 1 [76]

6 Summary and outlook

Photothermal conversion materials based on sunlight utilization technology can absorb sunlight, convert it into heat energy, and then reduce the viscosity of crude oil through the transfer of heat energy to achieve the purpose of crude oil adsorption. Metal materials have problems, such as complex preparation process, environmental pollution, high cost, and low photothermal conversion efficiency, limiting their application in crude oil adsorption. However, semiconductor materials are expensive, and some are difficult to prepare on a large scale. Long-term service may lead to reduced stability, which limits their practical application. Organic polymers are usually compounded with commercial sponges. Generally, their slow heating rate, low thermal conductivity, and low maximum equilibrium temperature limit their application in crude oil recovery.

In contrast, carbon-based materials have attracted much attention in crude oil adsorption due to their broad-spectrum absorption, tunable pore structure, stable mechanical properties, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, and high photothermal conversion efficiency. At present, the light absorption properties of most materials reach more than 90% and should no longer be the focus of research. The relationship between the physicochemical properties of materials and the photothermal conversion needs to be further explored to improve the energy conversion efficiency. Carbon-based materials are prone to defects, resulting in additional thermal resistance, which cannot exert their inherent excellent physical properties well. In addition, the extra-loaded photothermal absorption element is easily detached under long-cycle conditions, thereby significantly reducing the photothermal conversion effect, and further research is needed.

  1. Funding information: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52002338), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province (No. 2021ZYD0053), and the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province (No. 2022YFSY0024).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2022-05-06
Revised: 2022-05-15
Accepted: 2022-05-15
Published Online: 2022-11-25

© 2022 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  156. Graphene-based nanocomposite using new modeling molecular dynamic simulations for proposed neutralizing mechanism and real-time sensing of COVID-19
  157. Nanotechnology application on bamboo materials: A review
  158. Recent developments and future perspectives of biorenewable nanocomposites for advanced applications
  159. Nanostructured lipid carrier system: A compendium of their formulation development approaches, optimization strategies by quality by design, and recent applications in drug delivery
  160. 3D printing customized design of human bone tissue implant and its application
  161. Design, preparation, and functionalization of nanobiomaterials for enhanced efficacy in current and future biomedical applications
  162. A brief review of nanoparticles-doped PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite for OLED and OPV
  163. Nanotechnology interventions as a putative tool for the treatment of dental afflictions
  164. Recent advancements in metal–organic frameworks integrating quantum dots (QDs@MOF) and their potential applications
  165. A focused review of short electrospun nanofiber preparation techniques for composite reinforcement
  166. Microstructural characteristics and nano-modification of interfacial transition zone in concrete: A review
  167. Latest developments in the upconversion nanotechnology for the rapid detection of food safety: A review
  168. Strategic applications of nano-fertilizers for sustainable agriculture: Benefits and bottlenecks
  169. Molecular dynamics application of cocrystal energetic materials: A review
  170. Synthesis and application of nanometer hydroxyapatite in biomedicine
  171. Cutting-edge development in waste-recycled nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications
  172. Biological applications of ternary quantum dots: A review
  173. Nanotherapeutics for hydrogen sulfide-involved treatment: An emerging approach for cancer therapy
  174. Application of antibacterial nanoparticles in orthodontic materials
  175. Effect of natural-based biological hydrogels combined with growth factors on skin wound healing
  176. Nanozymes – A route to overcome microbial resistance: A viewpoint
  177. Recent developments and applications of smart nanoparticles in biomedicine
  178. Contemporary review on carbon nanotube (CNT) composites and their impact on multifarious applications
  179. Interfacial interactions and reinforcing mechanisms of cellulose and chitin nanomaterials and starch derivatives for cement and concrete strength and durability enhancement: A review
  180. Diamond-like carbon films for tribological modification of rubber
  181. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified cement-based materials: A systematic review
  182. Recent research progress and advanced applications of silica/polymer nanocomposites
  183. Modeling of supramolecular biopolymers: Leading the in silico revolution of tissue engineering and nanomedicine
  184. Recent advances in perovskites-based optoelectronics
  185. Biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles: New production methods and applications
  186. A comprehensive review of nanofluids with fractional derivatives: Modeling and application
  187. Electrospinning of marine polysaccharides: Processing and chemical aspects, challenges, and future prospects
  188. Electrohydrodynamic printing for demanding devices: A review of processing and applications
  189. Rapid Communications
  190. Structural material with designed thermal twist for a simple actuation
  191. Recent advances in photothermal materials for solar-driven crude oil adsorption
https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0449
Keywords for this article
sunlight utilization; photothermal conversion mechanism; photothermal conversion materials; crude oil adsorption
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Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. Theoretical and experimental investigation of MWCNT dispersion effect on the elastic modulus of flexible PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposites
  3. Mechanical, morphological, and fracture-deformation behavior of MWCNTs-reinforced (Al–Cu–Mg–T351) alloy cast nanocomposites fabricated by optimized mechanical milling and powder metallurgy techniques
  4. Flammability and physical stability of sugar palm crystalline nanocellulose reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm starch/poly(lactic acid) blend bionanocomposites
  5. Glutathione-loaded non-ionic surfactant niosomes: A new approach to improve oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective efficacy of glutathione
  6. Relationship between mechano-bactericidal activity and nanoblades density on chemically strengthened glass
  7. In situ regulation of microstructure and microwave-absorbing properties of FeSiAl through HNO3 oxidation
  8. Research on a mechanical model of magnetorheological fluid different diameter particles
  9. Nanomechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of rubber–wood–plastic composites
  10. Investigative properties of CeO2 doped with niobium: A combined characterization and DFT studies
  11. Miniaturized peptidomimetics and nano-vesiculation in endothelin types through probable nano-disk formation and structure property relationships of endothelins’ fragments
  12. N/S co-doped CoSe/C nanocubes as anode materials for Li-ion batteries
  13. Synergistic effects of halloysite nanotubes with metal and phosphorus additives on the optimal design of eco-friendly sandwich panels with maximum flame resistance and minimum weight
  14. Octreotide-conjugated silver nanoparticles for active targeting of somatostatin receptors and their application in a nebulized rat model
  15. Controllable morphology of Bi2S3 nanostructures formed via hydrothermal vulcanization of Bi2O3 thin-film layer and their photoelectrocatalytic performances
  16. Development of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-loaded folate receptor-targeted nanoparticles for prostate cancer treatment
  17. Enhancement of the mechanical properties of HDPE mineral nanocomposites by filler particles modulation of the matrix plastic/elastic behavior
  18. Effect of plasticizers on the properties of sugar palm nanocellulose/cinnamon essential oil reinforced starch bionanocomposite films
  19. Optimization of nano coating to reduce the thermal deformation of ball screws
  20. Preparation of efficient piezoelectric PVDF–HFP/Ni composite films by high electric field poling
  21. MHD dissipative Casson nanofluid liquid film flow due to an unsteady stretching sheet with radiation influence and slip velocity phenomenon
  22. Effects of nano-SiO2 modification on rubberised mortar and concrete with recycled coarse aggregates
  23. Mechanical and microscopic properties of fiber-reinforced coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete
  24. Effect of morphology and size on the thermodynamic stability of cerium oxide nanoparticles: Experiment and molecular dynamics calculation
  25. Mechanical performance of a CFRP composite reinforced via gelatin-CNTs: A study on fiber interfacial enhancement and matrix enhancement
  26. A practical review over surface modification, nanopatterns, emerging materials, drug delivery systems, and their biophysiochemical properties for dental implants: Recent progresses and advances
  27. HTR: An ultra-high speed algorithm for cage recognition of clathrate hydrates
  28. Effects of microalloying elements added by in situ synthesis on the microstructure of WCu composites
  29. A highly sensitive nanobiosensor based on aptamer-conjugated graphene-decorated rhodium nanoparticles for detection of HER2-positive circulating tumor cells
  30. Progressive collapse performance of shear strengthened RC frames by nano CFRP
  31. Core–shell heterostructured composites of carbon nanotubes and imine-linked hyperbranched polymers as metal-free Li-ion anodes
  32. A Galerkin strategy for tri-hybridized mixture in ethylene glycol comprising variable diffusion and thermal conductivity using non-Fourier’s theory
  33. Simple models for tensile modulus of shape memory polymer nanocomposites at ambient temperature
  34. Preparation and morphological studies of tin sulfide nanoparticles and use as efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of rhodamine B and phenol
  35. Polyethyleneimine-impregnated activated carbon nanofiber composited graphene-derived rice husk char for efficient post-combustion CO2 capture
  36. Electrospun nanofibers of Co3O4 nanocrystals encapsulated in cyclized-polyacrylonitrile for lithium storage
  37. Pitting corrosion induced on high-strength high carbon steel wire in high alkaline deaerated chloride electrolyte
  38. Formulation of polymeric nanoparticles loaded sorafenib; evaluation of cytotoxicity, molecular evaluation, and gene expression studies in lung and breast cancer cell lines
  39. Engineered nanocomposites in asphalt binders
  40. Influence of loading voltage, domain ratio, and additional load on the actuation of dielectric elastomer
  41. Thermally induced hex-graphene transitions in 2D carbon crystals
  42. The surface modification effect on the interfacial properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy: A molecular dynamics study
  43. Molecular dynamics study of deformation mechanism of interfacial microzone of Cu/Al2Cu/Al composites under tension
  44. Nanocolloid simulators of luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic windows
  45. Compressive strength and anti-chloride ion penetration assessment of geopolymer mortar merging PVA fiber and nano-SiO2 using RBF–BP composite neural network
  46. Effect of 3-mercapto-1-propane sulfonate sulfonic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone on the growth of cobalt pillar by electrodeposition
  47. Dynamics of convective slippery constraints on hybrid radiative Sutterby nanofluid flow by Galerkin finite element simulation
  48. Preparation of vanadium by the magnesiothermic self-propagating reduction and process control
  49. Microstructure-dependent photoelectrocatalytic activity of heterogeneous ZnO–ZnS nanosheets
  50. Cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of molybdenum and tungsten disulphide on human bronchial cells
  51. Improving recycled aggregate concrete by compression casting and nano-silica
  52. Chemically reactive Maxwell nanoliquid flow by a stretching surface in the frames of Newtonian heating, nonlinear convection and radiative flux: Nanopolymer flow processing simulation
  53. Nonlinear dynamic and crack behaviors of carbon nanotubes-reinforced composites with various geometries
  54. Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its therapeutic efficacy against colon cancer
  55. Synthesis and characterization of smart stimuli-responsive herbal drug-encapsulated nanoniosome particles for efficient treatment of breast cancer
  56. Homotopic simulation for heat transport phenomenon of the Burgers nanofluids flow over a stretching cylinder with thermal convective and zero mass flux conditions
  57. Incorporation of copper and strontium ions in TiO2 nanotubes via dopamine to enhance hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility
  58. Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of starch films incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles
  59. Mechanical properties and microstructure of nano-strengthened recycled aggregate concrete
  60. Glucose-responsive nanogels efficiently maintain the stability and activity of therapeutic enzymes
  61. Tunning matrix rheology and mechanical performance of ultra-high performance concrete using cellulose nanofibers
  62. Flexible MXene/copper/cellulose nanofiber heat spreader films with enhanced thermal conductivity
  63. Promoted charge separation and specific surface area via interlacing of N-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes on carbon nitride nanosheets for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
  64. Elucidating the role of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mitigating the disease of the eggplant caused by Phomopsis vexans, Ralstonia solanacearum, and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
  65. An implication of magnetic dipole in Carreau Yasuda liquid influenced by engine oil using ternary hybrid nanomaterial
  66. Robust synthesis of a composite phase of copper vanadium oxide with enhanced performance for durable aqueous Zn-ion batteries
  67. Tunning self-assembled phases of bovine serum albumin via hydrothermal process to synthesize novel functional hydrogel for skin protection against UVB
  68. A comparative experimental study on damping properties of epoxy nanocomposite beams reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets
  69. Lightweight and hydrophobic Ni/GO/PVA composite aerogels for ultrahigh performance electromagnetic interference shielding
  70. Research on the auxetic behavior and mechanical properties of periodically rotating graphene nanostructures
  71. Repairing performances of novel cement mortar modified with graphene oxide and polyacrylate polymer
  72. Closed-loop recycling and fabrication of hydrophilic CNT films with high performance
  73. Design of thin-film configuration of SnO2–Ag2O composites for NO2 gas-sensing applications
  74. Study on stress distribution of SiC/Al composites based on microstructure models with microns and nanoparticles
  75. PVDF green nanofibers as potential carriers for improving self-healing and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy prepregs
  76. Osteogenesis capability of three-dimensionally printed poly(lactic acid)-halloysite nanotube scaffolds containing strontium ranelate
  77. Silver nanoparticles induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and late non-canonical autophagy in HT-29 colon cancer cells
  78. Preparation and bonding mechanisms of polymer/metal hybrid composite by nano molding technology
  79. Damage self-sensing and strain monitoring of glass-reinforced epoxy composite impregnated with graphene nanoplatelet and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
  80. Thermal analysis characterisation of solar-powered ship using Oldroyd hybrid nanofluids in parabolic trough solar collector: An optimal thermal application
  81. Pyrene-functionalized halloysite nanotubes for simultaneously detecting and separating Hg(ii) in aqueous media: A comprehensive comparison on interparticle and intraparticle excimers
  82. Fabrication of self-assembly CNT flexible film and its piezoresistive sensing behaviors
  83. Thermal valuation and entropy inspection of second-grade nanoscale fluid flow over a stretching surface by applying Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li relation
  84. Mechanical properties and microstructure of nano-SiO2 and basalt-fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete
  85. Characterization and tribology performance of polyaniline-coated nanodiamond lubricant additives
  86. Combined impact of Marangoni convection and thermophoretic particle deposition on chemically reactive transport of nanofluid flow over a stretching surface
  87. Spark plasma extrusion of binder free hydroxyapatite powder
  88. An investigation on thermo-mechanical performance of graphene-oxide-reinforced shape memory polymer
  89. Effect of nanoadditives on the novel leather fiber/recycled poly(ethylene-vinyl-acetate) polymer composites for multifunctional applications: Fabrication, characterizations, and multiobjective optimization using central composite design
  90. Design selection for a hemispherical dimple core sandwich panel using hybrid multi-criteria decision-making methods
  91. Improving tensile strength and impact toughness of plasticized poly(lactic acid) biocomposites by incorporating nanofibrillated cellulose
  92. Green synthesis of spinel copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles and their toxicity
  93. The effect of TaC and NbC hybrid and mono-nanoparticles on AA2024 nanocomposites: Microstructure, strengthening, and artificial aging
  94. Excited-state geometry relaxation of pyrene-modified cellulose nanocrystals under UV-light excitation for detecting Fe3+
  95. Effect of CNTs and MEA on the creep of face-slab concrete at an early age
  96. Effect of deformation conditions on compression phase transformation of AZ31
  97. Application of MXene as a new generation of highly conductive coating materials for electromembrane-surrounded solid-phase microextraction
  98. A comparative study of the elasto-plastic properties for ceramic nanocomposites filled by graphene or graphene oxide nanoplates
  99. Encapsulation strategies for improving the biological behavior of CdS@ZIF-8 nanocomposites
  100. Biosynthesis of ZnO NPs from pumpkin seeds’ extract and elucidation of its anticancer potential against breast cancer
  101. Preliminary trials of the gold nanoparticles conjugated chrysin: An assessment of anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and in vitro cytotoxic activities of a nanoformulated flavonoid
  102. Effect of micron-scale pores increased by nano-SiO2 sol modification on the strength of cement mortar
  103. Fractional simulations for thermal flow of hybrid nanofluid with aluminum oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles with water and blood base fluids
  104. The effect of graphene nano-powder on the viscosity of water: An experimental study and artificial neural network modeling
  105. Development of a novel heat- and shear-resistant nano-silica gelling agent
  106. Characterization, biocompatibility and in vivo of nominal MnO2-containing wollastonite glass-ceramic
  107. Entropy production simulation of second-grade magnetic nanomaterials flowing across an expanding surface with viscidness dissipative flux
  108. Enhancement in structural, morphological, and optical properties of copper oxide for optoelectronic device applications
  109. Aptamer-functionalized chitosan-coated gold nanoparticle complex as a suitable targeted drug carrier for improved breast cancer treatment
  110. Performance and overall evaluation of nano-alumina-modified asphalt mixture
  111. Analysis of pure nanofluid (GO/engine oil) and hybrid nanofluid (GO–Fe3O4/engine oil): Novel thermal and magnetic features
  112. Synthesis of Ag@AgCl modified anatase/rutile/brookite mixed phase TiO2 and their photocatalytic property
  113. Mechanisms and influential variables on the abrasion resistance hydraulic concrete
  114. Synergistic reinforcement mechanism of basalt fiber/cellulose nanocrystals/polypropylene composites
  115. Achieving excellent oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of TiB2–B4C/carbon aerogel composites by quick-gelation and mechanical mixing
  116. Microwave-assisted sol–gel template-free synthesis and characterization of silica nanoparticles obtained from South African coal fly ash
  117. Pulsed laser-assisted synthesis of nano nickel(ii) oxide-anchored graphitic carbon nitride: Characterizations and their potential antibacterial/anti-biofilm applications
  118. Effects of nano-ZrSi2 on thermal stability of phenolic resin and thermal reusability of quartz–phenolic composites
  119. Benzaldehyde derivatives on tin electroplating as corrosion resistance for fabricating copper circuit
  120. Mechanical and heat transfer properties of 4D-printed shape memory graphene oxide/epoxy acrylate composites
  121. Coupling the vanadium-induced amorphous/crystalline NiFe2O4 with phosphide heterojunction toward active oxygen evolution reaction catalysts
  122. Graphene-oxide-reinforced cement composites mechanical and microstructural characteristics at elevated temperatures
  123. Gray correlation analysis of factors influencing compressive strength and durability of nano-SiO2 and PVA fiber reinforced geopolymer mortar
  124. Preparation of layered gradient Cu–Cr–Ti alloy with excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity
  125. Recovery of Cr from chrome-containing leather wastes to develop aluminum-based composite material along with Al2O3 ceramic particles: An ingenious approach
  126. Mechanisms of the improved stiffness of flexible polymers under impact loading
  127. Anticancer potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a battery of in vitro tests
  128. Review Articles
  129. Proposed approaches for coronaviruses elimination from wastewater: Membrane techniques and nanotechnology solutions
  130. Application of Pickering emulsion in oil drilling and production
  131. The contribution of microfluidics to the fight against tuberculosis
  132. Graphene-based biosensors for disease theranostics: Development, applications, and recent advancements
  133. Synthesis and encapsulation of iron oxide nanorods for application in magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapy
  134. Contemporary nano-architectured drugs and leads for ανβ3 integrin-based chemotherapy: Rationale and retrospect
  135. State-of-the-art review of fabrication, application, and mechanical properties of functionally graded porous nanocomposite materials
  136. Insights on magnetic spinel ferrites for targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia applications
  137. A review on heterogeneous oxidation of acetaminophen based on micro and nanoparticles catalyzed by different activators
  138. Early diagnosis of lung cancer using magnetic nanoparticles-integrated systems
  139. Advances in ZnO: Manipulation of defects for enhancing their technological potentials
  140. Efficacious nanomedicine track toward combating COVID-19
  141. A review of the design, processes, and properties of Mg-based composites
  142. Green synthesis of nanoparticles for varied applications: Green renewable resources and energy-efficient synthetic routes
  143. Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based polymer composites: Fundamentals and applications
  144. Recent progress and challenges in plasmonic nanomaterials
  145. Apoptotic cell-derived micro/nanosized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration
  146. Electronic noses based on metal oxide nanowires: A review
  147. Framework materials for supercapacitors
  148. An overview on the reproductive toxicity of graphene derivatives: Highlighting the importance
  149. Antibacterial nanomaterials: Upcoming hope to overcome antibiotic resistance crisis
  150. Research progress of carbon materials in the field of three-dimensional printing polymer nanocomposites
  151. A review of atomic layer deposition modelling and simulation methodologies: Density functional theory and molecular dynamics
  152. Recent advances in the preparation of PVDF-based piezoelectric materials
  153. Recent developments in tensile properties of friction welding of carbon fiber-reinforced composite: A review
  154. Comprehensive review of the properties of fly ash-based geopolymer with additive of nano-SiO2
  155. Perspectives in biopolymer/graphene-based composite application: Advances, challenges, and recommendations
  156. Graphene-based nanocomposite using new modeling molecular dynamic simulations for proposed neutralizing mechanism and real-time sensing of COVID-19
  157. Nanotechnology application on bamboo materials: A review
  158. Recent developments and future perspectives of biorenewable nanocomposites for advanced applications
  159. Nanostructured lipid carrier system: A compendium of their formulation development approaches, optimization strategies by quality by design, and recent applications in drug delivery
  160. 3D printing customized design of human bone tissue implant and its application
  161. Design, preparation, and functionalization of nanobiomaterials for enhanced efficacy in current and future biomedical applications
  162. A brief review of nanoparticles-doped PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite for OLED and OPV
  163. Nanotechnology interventions as a putative tool for the treatment of dental afflictions
  164. Recent advancements in metal–organic frameworks integrating quantum dots (QDs@MOF) and their potential applications
  165. A focused review of short electrospun nanofiber preparation techniques for composite reinforcement
  166. Microstructural characteristics and nano-modification of interfacial transition zone in concrete: A review
  167. Latest developments in the upconversion nanotechnology for the rapid detection of food safety: A review
  168. Strategic applications of nano-fertilizers for sustainable agriculture: Benefits and bottlenecks
  169. Molecular dynamics application of cocrystal energetic materials: A review
  170. Synthesis and application of nanometer hydroxyapatite in biomedicine
  171. Cutting-edge development in waste-recycled nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications
  172. Biological applications of ternary quantum dots: A review
  173. Nanotherapeutics for hydrogen sulfide-involved treatment: An emerging approach for cancer therapy
  174. Application of antibacterial nanoparticles in orthodontic materials
  175. Effect of natural-based biological hydrogels combined with growth factors on skin wound healing
  176. Nanozymes – A route to overcome microbial resistance: A viewpoint
  177. Recent developments and applications of smart nanoparticles in biomedicine
  178. Contemporary review on carbon nanotube (CNT) composites and their impact on multifarious applications
  179. Interfacial interactions and reinforcing mechanisms of cellulose and chitin nanomaterials and starch derivatives for cement and concrete strength and durability enhancement: A review
  180. Diamond-like carbon films for tribological modification of rubber
  181. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) modified cement-based materials: A systematic review
  182. Recent research progress and advanced applications of silica/polymer nanocomposites
  183. Modeling of supramolecular biopolymers: Leading the in silico revolution of tissue engineering and nanomedicine
  184. Recent advances in perovskites-based optoelectronics
  185. Biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles: New production methods and applications
  186. A comprehensive review of nanofluids with fractional derivatives: Modeling and application
  187. Electrospinning of marine polysaccharides: Processing and chemical aspects, challenges, and future prospects
  188. Electrohydrodynamic printing for demanding devices: A review of processing and applications
  189. Rapid Communications
  190. Structural material with designed thermal twist for a simple actuation
  191. Recent advances in photothermal materials for solar-driven crude oil adsorption
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