Startseite The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

  • Naif S. Aljohani EMAIL logo , Yasar N. Kavil , Radwan K. Al-Farawati , Nasser H. Aljohani , Mohammed I. Orif , Mohammed A. Ghandourah , Safia Mohammed Bahshwan , Fahed Ayed Aloufi , Riyadh F. Halawani und Mohamed Abdel Salam
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 17. Februar 2023
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 21 Heft 1

Abstract

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia obtains the most desalination water from the Red Sea. In Saudi Arabia, 14 desalination plants receive water from the Red Sea, and three are located in the country’s east and rely on the Arabian Gulf. The study has observed 16 desalination plants out of 17 desalination plants in the kingdom. Most of the desalination plants in Saudi Arabia currently use the advanced technologies to produce potable water with less impact on the surrounding environment. The current study examined the variation of hydrographic parameters along all available desalination plants in Saudi Arabia. This is the first inter-annual database of hydrographic parameters in the last 4 years. The peak salinity was measured at the Duba desalination plant in 2020, and it was 67.2 ppt. During 2018, the Azizia desalination plant reported the lowest value of 36.8 ppt. The maximum temperature recorded at the Qunfudah desalination plant in 2019 was 34.6°C. In 2017, the minimum temperature was 19.1°C at the Jubail desalination plant. The level of dissolved oxygen and pH were likewise not significantly changed along the brine outflow and in the outfall, in contrast to temperature and salinity. On the basis of 4 years’ of data from observed desalination facilities, the current study sheds light on the less environmental impact with regard to hydrographic factors.

Keywords: desalination plants; salinity; brine discharge; environmental concern

1 Introduction

Over the past 30 years desalination has grown into excellent solution for water supply with respect to the potable water crisis. We would cease to exist if there was no enough supply of drinking water. Water is regarded as the foundation of life. Each cell needs water to complete the chemical activities that define each stage of the cell’s life cycle [1]. Fresh water resources are scarce in many nations around the world, particularly in developing and Middle Eastern nations. Groundwater and surface water sources provide the majority of the readily accessible drinkable water [2]. The overuse of potable water has resulted in a decrease in surface water and groundwater availability [3,4]. The major desalination dependent countries are located in the Gulf area [5]. Specifically, 70% in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Algeria, and Libya [6]. Many nations around the world are quite concerned about the availability of freshwater, which will become even more precious in the near future. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia obtains the most water from the Red Sea for desalination. There are 14 desalination plants in Saudi Arabia that receive water from the Red Sea, and three desalination plants in the east of the country that rely on the Arabian Gulf.

In fact, seawater desalination has a variety of human health, socioeconomic, and supply of high-quality drinking water benefits, as well as help to maintain agricultural production [4,7], despite the fact that equally negative effects have been documented [4]. Desalination plants employing cutting-edge technology nonetheless run the risk of causing environmental concerns, as was seen in other studies as well [7]. Desalination plants are widely documented to have a detrimental effect on the marine environment [8,9]. In order to avoid unsustainable development of marine environment desalination activities should be looked at carefully into environmental management, which regulates the use of water resources and need to estimate the adverse impacts and limit it as far as possible [7]. There are various studies highlighting the environmental impact studies with respect to the desalination plants and the rejection of brine [10]. The characteristics of rejected brine depend on the type of feed water and type of desalination process [3,11–13]. The major concern of this study is near the outfall locations due to the discharge of hypersaline water and its consequences for marine organism and environment. However, there is also concern about the use and release of other toxic chemicals [14], as well as the temperature elevation due to the thermal processes inside the plants [10,15,16]. There are reports on the negative influence of desalination plants on the activities of marine organisms [7,17,18]. The present study assessed the variation of hydrographic parameters along with the all available desalination plants in Saudi Arabia. This is the first inter-annual database of hydrographic parameters in the last 4 years.

2 Materials and methods

The present study assessed 16 desalination plants (Ras Al Khair, Jubail, Al Khobar, Haql, Duba, Alwajh, Umluj, Jeddah, Farasan, Yanbu, Shaqiq, Qunfudah, AL Lith, Shoiba, Azizia, and Rabigh) located in Saudi Arabia. Each desalination plants in this study assumed as 1–16 numbering system, respectively, for easier annotations in the graphs. The different hydrographic parameters were collected using yellow springs instruments (YSI) multiparameter and the details are shown below.

2.1 Temperature

The sondes utilize a thermistor of sintered metallic oxide that changes predictably in resistance with temperature variation. The algorithm for conversion of resistance to temperature is built into the sonde software, and accurate temperature readings in degrees Celsius, Kelvin, or Fahrenheit are provided automatically. The accuracy was in the range of 0.2°C. No calibration or maintenance of the temperature sensor is required.

2.2 Salinity

Salinity is determined automatically from the sonde conductivity and temperature readings. The use of the Practical Salinity Scale results in values that are unitless, since the measurements are carried out in reference to the conductivity of standard seawater at 15°C. The unitless salinity estimates, however, are quite close to those obtained using the earlier technique, which stated the amount of dissolved salts in a given mass of water (parts per thousand). Hence, the designation “ppt” is reported by the instrument to provide a more conventional output. The accuracy was in the range of 0.1 ppt.

2.3 Dissolved oxygen

In general, optical dissolved oxygen sensors from a variety of manufacturers are based on the well-established notion that dissolved oxygen reduces the luminescence associated with precisely chosen chemical dyes’ intensity and longevity. The 6150 sensor operates by shining a blue light of the proper wavelength on this luminescent dye which is immobilized in a matrix and formed into a disk about 0.5 in in diameter. This dye-containing disk will be evident on inspection of the sensor face. To increase the accuracy and stability of the technique, the dye is also irradiated with red light during part of the measurement cycle to act as a reference in the determination of the luminescence lifetime. For most lifetime based optical dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors (including the YSI 6150), this Stern–Volmer relationship (((T zero/T)–1)) versus O2 pressure) is not strictly linear (particularly at higher oxygen pressures) and the data must be processed using analysis by polynomial non-linear regression rather than the simple linear regression used for most polarographic oxygen sensors. The accuracy was in the range of 0.2 mg/L.

2.4 pH

The sondes employ a field replaceable pH electrode for the determination of hydrogen ion concentration. The probe is a combination electrode made up of an Ag/AgCl reference electrode using gelled electrolyte and a proton selective glass reservoir filled with buffer at a pH of about 7. The accuracy was in the range of 0.1 unit.

3 Results and discussions

The most sophisticated technologies were used in the desalination technologies. However, the system faces many drawbacks with respect to the environmental concern [7]. While focusing on the importance of the portable water, it is always given a secondary priority to the environmental issues with respect to the desalination plants [19]. Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Qatar produce 55% of the world’s brine. It is crucial to take into account the value of proper brine management by reducing environmental hazard concerns. Moreover, the suggested management should be economically and environmentally viable. Hence, the development of advanced facilities for the production of portable water is a significant priority on the long-term aspects.

3.1 Inter-annual variations of hydrographic parameters

The study discussed the inter-annual variation of hydrographic parameters from 2017 to 2020. The result can be used as a baseline datasets.

3.1.1 Salinity

Most of the studies focused on the saline water expansion from the discharge plume to the open sea. Both the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf have extremely high evaporation rates, ranging from 1.2 to 2 m per year, and extremely low annual precipitation rates, ranging from 90 to 150 mm. If increasing amounts of desalinated water are removed from water bodies, the salinity in the recipients may rise in the long run [20,21]. According to published research, desalination plants have varying effects on the salinity of receiving waters. The majority of observation reflects the fading of elevated salinity within few meters [10,22,23] to hundreds of meters [24–26]. The variation depends on different factors like plants’ varying capacity, diffuser designs, and environmental hydrology [25]. In general concept, S Intake and Q Intake are the salinity and volume of seawater intake, S Brine and Q Brine are the salinity and volume of brine discharge, and S F and Q F are the salinity and volume of fresh water produced by desalination plants. Moreover, S Brine = S Intake/(1 − r) and Q Brine = (1 − r)Q Intake, where r is the recovery ratio, generally between 35 and 45% of the intake [27]. According to this relation if the intake salinity is 42 and the recovery is assumed to be 44%, the salinity of brine will be 75 ppt. For all systems, the recovery ratio rises as the quality of the feed water does (salinity decreases). The inter-annual distribution pattern of average salinity at the discharge along the different desalination plants is shown in Figure 1. The maximum salinity was observed at Duba desalination plant during 2020 and the value was 67.2 ppt. The lowest value was reported at Azizia desalination plant during 2018 and the value was 36.8 ppt. In most cases the discharge brine without the proper treatment will be dumped into the surface of coastal water (such as oceans and seas) [28]. Almost 50% is formed within a kilometer of the coastline and approximately 75–80% within the 10 km range. In all the desalination plants the discharge plume salinity was not going to an exacerbated level. Moreover, the recent studies from the desalination plants of Saudi Arabia [29–32] show the dilution effect of the brine discharge within 10–20 m of the outfall from the discharge. These data indicate that the background value will dilute the elevated amount of hypersaline water. As a result, the detrimental effects of brine discharge will be minimized. However, with respect to the long-term consideration more sustainable brine management system will be recommended. In order to accomplish this more precise dispersing modeling has to be performed.

Figure 1 The inter-annual distribution pattern of average salinity at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.
Figure 1

The inter-annual distribution pattern of average salinity at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.

3.1.2 Temperature

By far the most prevalent desalination technology, reverse osmosis (RO) accounts for 85% of all operating desalination facilities and generates 70% (65 million m3/day) of all desalinated water produced globally. With market shares of 18 and 7%, respectively, the two primary thermal technologies, multi-stage flash (MSF) and multiple-effect distillation, still produce the majority of the remaining desalinated water. Plants using nano-filtration (3%), electro dialysis (2%), and electrodeionization (1%) produce a lesser amount of desalinated water than those using these three technologies, which together account for 94% of all desalinated water production [33]. Currently majority of the desalination plants in Saudi Arabia using the RO technologies and the corresponding lowering of environmental pollution at the desalination plants with respect to high brine discharge. The primary flaw of MSF technology was the high temperature discharge, despite the fact that the temperature in the discharge plume would rise as a result of the distillation process. In relation to the input water, the elevation values typically reach 15°C [7,29]. The discharge area’s water temperature swings are fewer than the seasonal variance that occurs naturally in the winter and summer. As opposed to the upper water column, the temperature at the discharge location is often lower and may not be high enough to have a substantial impact on the macrobenthos [34]. It was discovered that increased warmth from nuclear power plant discharge increased the phytoplankton density [35]. Globally, membrane technologies currently outsell thermal technologies in the market. The distribution pattern of the temperature from 2017 to 2019 from all the desalination plants observed in this study is shown in Figure 2. The maximum temperature was observed at Qunfudah desalination plant in 2019 and the value was 34.6°C. The minimum was observed at Jubail desalination plant in 2017 and the value was 19.1°C. In Saudi Arabia the variation of temperature for the surface samples of the water during winter and summer will alter significantly. However, the elevation from the desalination plant is not affecting in a profound manner. The majority of the desalination facilities will experience a minor temperature increase in 2019 and 2020. This might be brought on by an increase in atmospheric temperature, and as a result, it might be connected to surface water. The current pattern of dispersion is consistent with the scattering of high temperatures within a few meters of the outfall [29].

Figure 2 The inter-annual distribution pattern of average temperature at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.
Figure 2

The inter-annual distribution pattern of average temperature at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.

3.1.3 Dissolved oxygen and pH

There has been some reported observation of oxygen depletion near the outfall [27,36–38]. The elevated level of temperature and salinity have a significant effect on the effluent DO level [39]. A chemical that consumes oxygen will often be added to the desalination plants to reduce the DO, particularly sodium bisulfate. However, mixing with nearby well-oxygenated water will help to maintain a normal oxygen environment. The inter-annual distribution pattern of dissolved oxygen along the observed locations is shown in Figure 3. The maximum value was observed at Jubail desalination plant in 2017 and the value was 7.07 mL/L. The minimum was observed at Qunfudah desalination plant in 2018 and the value was 3.1 mL/L. Acidification could be caused by acids released into the marine environment as a result of chemical cleaning used in RO desalination processes. Redox interactions between the numerous chemical contaminants present in plant brine and those already present in sea water may take place under these circumstances. Because oxygen was a necessary component of these oxidation–reduction reactions, the amount of this element in the environment decreased. Additionally, distillation factories have purposefully decreased their oxygen levels through physical de-aeration as well as the insertion of oxygen chemical sensors such sodium bisulfite (NaHSO), which is used to stop corrosion. This chemical additive was also commonly used as a chlorine neutralizer [7,40–42]. However, none of the desalination plants found in this study’s research significantly reduced the amount of dissolved oxygen, and the results are consistent with that of the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf.

Figure 3 The inter-annual distribution pattern of average dissolved oxygen at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.
Figure 3

The inter-annual distribution pattern of average dissolved oxygen at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.

The inter-annual variation of pH along the observed desalination plants from the period of 2017–2020 is shown in Figure 4. The maximum pH was observed at Ras Al Khair in 2019 and the value was 8.31. The minimum value was observed at Haql desalination plant in 2019 and the value was 7.12. All the observed desalination plants was not showing much alteration with respect to the background value except in some locations. Normally, the addition of sulfuric acid favors the reduction of scaling and the reduction of pH to remove a part of the dissolved carbonate, followed by an increase in pH to the background value [8]. The effluent will typically decline with a lower pH solution. It has the potential to lead to significant issues. The currently available pH dataset does not demonstrate a rapid decrease or more significant pH variations along the studied areas. The analysis of the literature reveals that with proper mixing, the pH of the discharged water will not differ much from the pH of the feed water [43].

Figure 4 The inter-annual distribution pattern of average pH at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.
Figure 4

The inter-annual distribution pattern of average pH at the discharge brine along the observed desalination plants.

3.2 A comparative study of hydrographic distribution pattern of desalination plants through worldwide

As it is clear that the majority of freshwater production in Saudi Arabia is through desalination plants, it is highly significant to compare the discharge outfall from different desalination plants in the world. A comparative study of salinity at the discharge brine along the different parts of the world is shown in Table 1. As mentioned earlier, the salinity of brine discharge purely depends on the intake water salinity and the recovery ratio of intake and freshwater produced. Apart from this the technology will also play a role. However, the majority of desalination plants in the Middle East follows the RO. The influence of tide will greatly affect the elevation of salinity based on the model study [44]. The ocean circulation model clearly suggests the elevation of salinity with tidal cycle and this will light on the optimization of the outfall design. According to models, the strong currents carry the brine discharge closer to the shoreline than offshore [10,29,45]. Thus, brine exposures in recipient systems are probably going to vary in intensity over time and space at scales between 10 and 100 m. Previous studies have revealed that the surrounding water bodies quickly dilute the high salinity, bringing the concentrations back to normal with only a slight adjustment. Majority of the time, plumes that covered hundreds of meters were between 0.5 and 1 ppt higher than the prior level [10]. In balance with the surrounding environment, the salinity around the outlet discharge ranges from about 80 ppt to the actual seawater salinity of 35–36 ppt. According to some studies, the excess salinity level of discharge brine seawater is a direct function of the distance from the desalination charge site. While the salinity of saltwater may not dramatically change in the sea’s profile from the surface to the bottom, it can change significantly between the surface and 10 m of depth in the vicinity of the discharge brine outfall, for instance [24].

Table 1

A comparative study of salinity at discharge brine along the different parts of the world

Country/region Salinity of brine (ppt) Reference
Muscat, Oman 40.11 [24]
Sitra Island, Bahrain 51 [46]
Canary Island, Spain 75.20 [47]
Alicante, Spain 68 [48]
Ashkelon, Israel 42.8 [49]
Ras Al Khair 48.9 Present study
Jubail 46.6 Present study
Alkhobar 56.0 Present study
Haql 47.7 Present study
Duba 54.5 Present study
Alwajh 43.7 Present study
Umluj 42.4 Present study
Jeddah 42.4 Present study
Farasan 39.6 Present study
Yanbu 45.2 Present study
Shaqiq 41.0 Present study
Qunfudah 40.7 Present study
Al Lith 44.8 Present study
Shuaiba 43.1 Present study
Azizia 39.2 Present study
Rabigh 42.3 Present study

4 Conclusion

The study investigated the inter-annual variation of hydrographic parameters from 2017 to 2020. The results show that the elevated level of hypersaline water is diluted by the background value. Hence, the detrimental effects of brine discharge will be lessened. Globally, membrane technologies presently outsell thermal technologies in market share. Between winter and summer, temperature differences for surface water samples in Saudi Arabia will differ greatly. On the other side, the desalination plant’s elevation has a negligible effect. The levels of dissolved oxygen are consistent with those found at the surface of the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf, and they were not considerably lowered in any of the desalination plants that were investigated. The current pH dataset shows no abrupt drops or large variations in pH along the observed locations. The comparison data of the present study with the worldwide data reflect the favorable condition for the surrounding environment of desalination plants in Saudi Arabia.

Acknowledgements

The present study was conducted with the cooperation of Saline Water Conversion Cooperation (SWCC) and all authors greatly acknowledge this. All the authors extend their gratitude to the Department of Marine Chemistry for the technical support.

  1. Funding information: The present study has not received any funding.

  2. Author contributions: Naif S. Aljohani: experimental work, original draft preparation, and reviewing the manuscript; Yasar N. Kavil: experimental work, original draft preparation, and reviewing the manuscript; Radwan K. Al-Farawati: design of methodology, supervision, and reviewing the manuscript; Nasser H. Aljohani: providing the resources and reviewing the manuscript; Mohammed I. Orif: validation of methodology, software, and reviewing the manuscript; Mohammed A. Ghandourah: validation of methodology and reviewing the manuscript; Safia Mohammed Bahshwan: experimental work and reviewing the manuscript; Fahed Ayed Aloufi: experimental work and reviewing the manuscript; Riyadh F. Halawani: experimental work and reviewing the manuscript; Mohamed Abdel Salam: reviewing and editing the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The current article does not have any conflict of interest. The corresponding author approves the above statement as well. The study has been not funded by any external agency.

  4. Ethical approval: The present study does not use or harm any animals and followed all the scientific ethics.

  5. Data availability statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Received: 2022-09-08
Revised: 2022-12-05
Accepted: 2022-12-23
Published Online: 2023-02-17

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
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  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
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  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
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  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
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  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
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  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
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  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
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  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
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  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0274
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
desalination plants; salinity; brine discharge; environmental concern
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
  74. A novel statistical modeling of air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic mortality data by Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial regression models with fixed and random effects
  75. Treatment activity of the injectable hydrogels loaded with dexamethasone In(iii) complex on glioma by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway
  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
  79. Novel green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Salvia rosmarinus extract for treatment of human lung cancer
  80. Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
  90. Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  172. Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview
  173. Studies on the intercalation of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide-MCPA and its controlled release mechanism as a potential green herbicide
  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
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Heruntergeladen am 7.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/chem-2022-0274/html?lang=de
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