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Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants

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Published/Copyright: March 8, 2023
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 21 Issue 1

Abstract

Energy cost and consumption are increasing, so that efficiency becomes more important, from the production to the end users. Energy reserves are limited; increasing demand and environmental concerns make efficiency important. To provide cost-effective and clean power generation, gas turbines and cogeneration are becoming the key technology that must be researched and developed. Three different cogeneration cycles are analyzed by using first and second laws of thermodynamics and exergy analysis method. The three cycles are basic, air heated, and fuel air heated cycles. The performance analysis of the devices such as turbine, recuperator, combustion chamber, compressor, and heat exchanger for the whole cycle is obtained and discussed. For different excess air rates, compression ratios (r), and ambient (inlet air) temperatures, the Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy), specific fuel consumption, and specific work and other performance parameters of the devices were obtained and discussed. It is found that excess air rates have the most effect on the performance of the three cycles.

Keywords: cogeneration; power; air-fuel heating; exergy

1 Introduction

Energy cost and consumption are increasing, so that efficiency becomes more important, from the production to the end users. Energy reserves are limited; increasing demand and environmental concerns make efficiency important. To provide cost-effective and clean power generation, gas turbine and cogeneration are becoming the key technology that must be researched and developed. Cogeneration is a concept that is used to define the production of electricity and heat in a single process [1,2,3]. Cogeneration has many advantages over the traditional systems such as fast start-up time, compact size, more economical, higher efficiency, safe and reliable operation, dual fuel capacity, lower weight per unit power, fuel flexibility, and less environmental emissions. Different kinds of fuels like biogas, natural gas, alcohols, biomass, naphtha, mixed fuels, refinery residues are used in gas turbine systems. Improving the performance of gas turbine cogeneration plants is currently an important goal. Publications and studies on development and research studies in this field are about reheating, intercooling, optimization, increasing ignition temperature, better component design, increasing pressure ratio, improving cooling and combustion technologies, using advanced materials, recovery, and integration [4,5,6].

Cogeneration plants are applied in industry, buildings, and other places. A cogeneration plant suitable for a purpose is preferred according to many criteria such as heat power ratio, efficiency, and temperature. To increase the efficiency, decreasing the auxiliary power consumption, increasing the gas turbine inlet temperature, preheating the fuel and air, cooling the gas turbine, intercooling, using hydrogen-cooled generators, humidified and high inlet air pressure, low compressor inlet air temperature, steam injection, multiple pressure cycles with reheat, and increased excess air ratios are required The exergy efficiency of gas turbine cogeneration cycles can be increased by reducing exergy destruction and energy losses, some of which can be avoided and others not. Unnecessary heat transfers to the environment and to other components and flows should be avoided. Chemical reactions, preheating the reactants, and using more air than necessary are the main sources of inefficiency. The irreversibility of combustion and heat transfer is greater than the irreversibility of friction, mixing, and unlimited expansion. The use of throttling should be minimized or replaced with turbines for power recovery [7,8,9].

The heat energy in the exhaust gas of turbines can be used for heating, absorption cooling, or other thermal purposes. One of the most efficient ways to use energy is cogeneration, which enables the simultaneous production of heat and electricity from the same energy source. Cogeneration systems generally consist of a compressor, a gas turbine, a combustion chamber, and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The energy usage factors of real cogeneration systems are around 85–90%, of which approximately 40% is electricity and 50% is thermal energy [10,11]. Gas turbine cogeneration systems on the market are defined by factors such as pressure ratio, efficiency, exhaust temperature, power output, and ignition temperature. Many research studies are made on finding good evaluation criteria. These studies are often unsatisfactory as there are fewer criteria, parameters, and loops. For a better design and optimization process of cogeneration plants, detailed knowledge of the factors affecting their performance and operating conditions is needed [12,13,14].

For metallurgical reasons, the maximum temperature must be below a certain value. This can be achieved by using about two to four times the air theoretically required for the complete combustion of the loops. Air properties have a major influence on exhaust gas properties and therefore temperatures drop. Accordingly, when the compression ratio (P 2/P 1) increases, the compressor outlet temperature (T 2) increases, and thus, the efficiency increases. High temperature is limited for metallurgical reasons. Therefore, adding a recuperator increases the outlet temperature of the compressor, which increases the efficiency of the cycle. Some of the work produced by the turbine is spent on the compressor. So the compressor work has a very important impact on cycle efficiency [15,16,17].

In this study, for different excess air rates, compression ratio (r), and inlet air temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems are analyzed. The Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy), the SFC (specific fuel consumption), the specific work of all cycles and the turbines, the HRSG, the combustion chambers, and the recuperators efficiencies are obtained, compared, and discussed.

2 Materials and methods

Cogeneration plants include some components in which the main component is the turbine. In those components, chemical compositions, pressures, and temperatures are changed. The assumptions made in the analysis of the three cycles are as follows: the air and exhaust are taken as an ideal gas mixture. Works are in a continuous regime. There is no NOx at combustion, and combustion is complete. Natural gas is taken as methane that accepted ideal gas. As heat loss is taken zero in devices except for 2% of the UHV of the fuel during combustion in the combustion chamber. The kinetic-potential energies are ignored [8,18,19].

It is seen from Figure 1 that the air is taken into the compressor and after compressing is sent to the combustion chamber for combustion with natural gas. A part of the exhaust energy is transformed into a generator as mechanical energy in a gas turbine to produce electricity. The remaining energy of the exhaust gases is used in an HRSG component to produce hot water or steam.

Figure 1 Schema of a basic (bsc) cogeneration plant.
Figure 1

Schema of a basic (bsc) cogeneration plant.

In Figure 2, the schema of the air heating (ah) cogeneration plant is given. It is seen that the compressed air is heated by transferring the exhaust energy with a recuperator at the inlet of the combustion chamber. By adding a recuperator at the outlet of the compressor, the combustion chamber’s outlet temperature and the work obtained from the turbine increase.

Figure 2 Schema of an air heating (ah) cogeneration plant.
Figure 2

Schema of an air heating (ah) cogeneration plant.

In Figure 3, the schema of an air fuel heating (fah) cogeneration plant is given. It is shown that the fuel and the air are heated with recuperators. By adding a recuperator at the inlet of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber’s outlet temperature, the efficiency of the cycle, and the work obtained from the turbine increase.

Figure 3 Schema of an air fuel heating (fah) cogeneration plant.
Figure 3

Schema of an air fuel heating (fah) cogeneration plant.

For steady state and open system, the energy equation:

(1) Q ̇ CV − W ̇ CV + ∑ in m ̇ in h in + V in 2 2 + g z in − ∑ out m ̇ out h out + V out 2 2 + g z out = 0 .

The law for steady state conservation mass:

(2) ∑ m ̇ in = ∑ m ̇ out .

Efficiency or the overall efficiency of the system:

(3) η = W + Q steam Q Fuel , inlet .

Electrical efficiency of the system:

(4) η el = W Q Fuel , inlet .

Heat efficiency of the system:

(5) η heat = Q steam Q Fuel , inlet .

In the combustion chamber, the chemical energy of the fuel is converted to thermal energy by chemical reaction. In the calculations, it is taken as the combustion ideally and completely. The chemical reaction in the combustion chamber is:

ʎ ¯ C H 4 + ( 0 . 7748 N 2 + 0 . 2059 O 2 + 0 . 0003 C O 2 + 0 . 019 H 2 O → ( 1 + ʎ ¯ ) ( X N 2 N 2 + X O 2 O 2 + X CO 2 CO 2 + X H 2 O H 2 O ) .

The stoichiometric value of the air is the minimum value of air required to complete the theoretical combustion. However, to complete the combustion, more air is always used than the theoretical amount. The excess air ratio is the rate of the real quantity of air to the theoretical air [20,21,22]. Availability or exergy is the theoretical maximum quantity of useful work. That can be obtained at the end of a reversible process if equilibrium with the environment is reached. Exergy has two components: physical–chemical [23,24]. For mixed substances, the physical exergy of ideal gas mixtures is as follows

(6) e phy = ( h ¯ − h ̄ 0 ) mix − T 0 · ( s − s 0 ) mix = ∑ i x i ∫ T 0 T c ̄ p 0 i ( T ) d T − T 0 · ∫ T 0 T c ̄ p 0 i ( T ) T d T − R ¯ ln P i P 0 .

The chemical exergy of gas mixtures is as follows [25,26]:

(7) e ̄ chem , mix = ∑ i x i · e ¯ chem , i + R ¯ · T 0 · ∑ i x i · ln x i .

For a flow or control mass, the total exergy is as follows:

(8) E ¯ = E ¯ phy + E ¯ chem .

For open systems exergy equation:

(9) ∑ i m ̇ i h i − ∑ i T 0 S i − ∑ j m ̇ j h j + ∑ j T 0 S j + ∑ Q ̇ k − ∑ Q ̇ k T 0 T k − W ̇ = E ̇ loss .

In Table 1, the energy, mass, and entropy equations of the devices for basic (bsc) plants are shown. In Table 2, exergy, exergy efficiency, and evaluation criteria equations of the devices for basic (bsc) plants are shown.

Table 1

Energy, mass, and entropy equations of the devices for basic (bsc) plant [8,11,12,13,14,15,16]

Component Mass equation Energy equation Entropy equation
Compressor m ̇ 1 = m ̇ 2 m ̇ 1 h 1 + W ̇ C = m ̇ 2 h 2 m ̇ 1 s 1 − m ̇ 1 s 2 + S ̇ gen , C = 0
Turbine m ̇ 3 = m ̇ 4 m ̇ 3 h 3 = W ̇ T + W ̇ C + m ̇ 4 h 4 m ̇ 3 s 3 − m ̇ 4 s 4 + S ̇ gen , T = 0
HRSG m ̇ 4 = m ̇ 5 m ̇ 4 h 4 + m ̇ 7 h 7 = m ̇ 5 h 5 + m ̇ 8 h 8 m ̇ 4 s 4 + m ̇ 7 s 7 − m ̇ 5 s 5 − m ̇ 8 s 8 + S ̇ gen , HRSG = 0
m ̇ 7 = m ̇ 8
Combustion chamber m ̇ 2 + m ̇ 6 = m ̇ 3 m ̇ 2 h 2 + m ̇ 6 h 6 = m ̇ 3 h 3 + 0.02 m ̇ 7 LHV m ̇ 2 s 2 + m ̇ 6 s 6 − m ̇ 3 s 3 + S ̇ gen , CC = 0
Overall cycle h ̅ i = f ( T i )
s ̅ i = f ( T i , P i )
m ̇ air h air + m ̇ fuel LHV CH 4 − Q ̇ Loss , CC − m ̇ eg . , out h eg . , out − W ̇ T − m ̇ steam ( h water , in − h steam , out ) = 0
Q ̇ Loss , CC = 0.02 m ̇ fuel LHV CH 4
Table 2

Exergy, exergy efficiency, and evaluation criteria equations of the devices for basic (bsc) plant [8,11,12,13,14,15,16]

Component Exergy Equation Exergy Efficiency
Compressor E ̇ D , C = E ̇ 1 + W ̇ C − E ̇ 2 η ex , C = E ̇ out , C − E ̇ in , C W ̇ C
Turbine E ̇ D , T = E ̇ 3 − E ̇ 4 − W ̇ C − W ̇ T η ex , T = W ̇ net , T + W ̇ C E ̇ in , T − E ̇ out , T
HRSG E ̇ D , HRSG = E ̇ 4 − E ̇ 5 + E ̇ 7 − E ̇ 8 η ex , HRSG = E ̇ steam , HRSG − E ̇ water , HRSG E ̇ in , exhaust , HRSG − E ̇ out , exhaust , HRSG
Combustion chamber E ̇ D , CC = E ̇ 2 + E ̇ 6 − E ̇ 3 η ex , CC = E ̇ out , CC E ̇ in , CC + E ̇ fuel
Overall cycle Electrical heat ratio EHR = W net Q net
SFC – Specific fuel consumption SFC = 3 , 600 ⋅ m ̇ fuel W ̇ net
Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy) Z = I ̇ Lost E ̇ usef
Exergy efficiency E ̇ = E ̇ ph + E ̇ ch
E ̇ ph = m ̇ ( h − h 0 − T 0 ( s − s 0 ) )
E ̇ ch = m ̇ M ∑ x k e ̅ k ch + R ̅ T 0 ∑ x k ln x k
η ex = W ̇ net , T + ( E ̇ steam , HRSG − E ̇ water , HRSG ) E ̇ fuel

3 Results and discussion

In this article, the normal conditions are taken as P 0 = 101.3 kPa and T 0 = 25°C. Compressor’s inlet air mass flow m air = 91.3 kg/s, fuel mass flow is m fuel = 1.64 kg/s, isentropic efficiencies for turbine and compressor are taken as η izC = η izT = 0.86, compressor compression rate r = 10, the outlet temperature of the recuperator is T recout = 850 K, the produced steam or hot water temperature is T steam = 485.57 K, and the outlet temperature of the HRSG is T exh = 426 K [8,12,17].

In Figure 4, variations of the Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy) with the ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems are given. It is shown that increasing ambient temperature increases the Z factor for the three cycles. Decreasing the inlet air ambient temperature of the three cycles from 308 to 275°C, the Z factors decrease by about 0.3% for the bsc cycle and about 2% for the ah and fah cycles, which is important. Increasing inlet air temperatures decrease the cycles’ lost exergy.

Figure 4 Variation of the Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy) with the ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.
Figure 4

Variation of the Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy) with the ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.

In Figure 5, variations of the Z factor with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems are given. It is shown that increasing the compression ratio (r) decreases the Z factor of the three plants. Decreasing the compression ratio (r) of the three cycles from 16 to 5, the Z factors increase by about 8% for bsc cycle and about 11% for ah and fah cycles.

Figure 5 Variation of the Z factor with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.
Figure 5

Variation of the Z factor with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.

In Figure 6, variations of the Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy) with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cycles are given. It is shown that increasing excess air rates decreases the Z factor of the three cycles. Increasing excess air rates of the systems from 1,3 to 3.5, the Z factors of the cycles increase by about 4.5% for bsc cycle and about 23% for ah and fah cycles. For basic cycle, there is an optimum point at 2.2 excess air rates that shows the minimum lost exergy.

Figure 6 Variation of the Z factor with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.
Figure 6

Variation of the Z factor with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.

In Figure 7, variations of the SFC-specific fuel consumption with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems are given. That is shown as increasing the compression ratio (r) decreases the SFC of the three cycles. Decreasing the compression ratio (r) of the three cycles from 16 to 5, the Z factors of the systems increase by about 20% for bsc cycle and about 28% for ah and fah cycles.

Figure 7 Variation of the SFC with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.
Figure 7

Variation of the SFC with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems.

In Figure 8, variations of the SFC-specific fuel consumption with the ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. That is shown as increasing the ambient temperature increases the SFC of the three plants. Decreasing the ambient temperature of the three cycles from 308 to 275°C, the SFC-specific fuel consumption of the cycles decreases by about 6.5% for bsc cycle and about 9% for ah and fah cycles.

Figure 8 Variation of the SFC with the ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 8

Variation of the SFC with the ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 9, variations of the SFC with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. It is shown that increasing the excess air rates decreases the SFC (specific fuel consumption) of the three plants. Decreasing excess air rates of the three cycles from 3.5 to 1.3, the SFC-specific fuel consumptions of the cycles increase by about 52% for bsc cycle and about 135% for ah and fah cycles. For the basic cycle, there is an optimum point at 2.9 excess air rates that shows the minimum specific fuel consumption.

Figure 9 Variation of the SFC with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 9

Variation of the SFC with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 10, variations of the specific work with ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. That is shown as increasing the ambient temperature decreases the specific work of the three cycles. Decreasing the ambient temperature of the three cycles from 308 to 275°C, the specific work increases by about 7% for bsc cycle and about 11% for ah and fah plants.

Figure 10 Variation of the specific work with ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 10

Variation of the specific work with ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 11, variations of the specific work with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. That is shown as increasing the compression ratio (r) decreases the specific work of the three plants. Decreasing the compression ratio (r) of the three cycles from 16 to 5, the specific work increases by about 7% for bsc cycle and about 13% for ah and fah cycles.

Figure 11 Variation of the specific work with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 11

Variation of the specific work with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 12, variations of the specific work with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. It is shown that increasing excess air rates decreases the specific work of the three cycles. Decreasing excess air rates of the three cycles from 3.5 to 1.3, the specific work increases by about 76% for bsc cycle and about 14% for ah and fah cycles. For excess air rates, 1.5 for bsc cycle and 1.8 for ah and fah cycles, there is a maximum value that should be taken into account.

Figure 12 Variation of the specific work with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 12

Variation of the specific work with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 13, variations of the turbine efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. It is shown that increasing excess air rates increases the turbine efficiency of the three cycles. Increasing excess air rates of the three cycles from 1.3 to 3.5, the turbine efficiency increases by about 15% for bsc cycle and about 20% for ah and fah plants.

Figure 13 Variation of the turbine efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 13

Variation of the turbine efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 14, variations of the turbine efficiency with ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. That is shown as increasing ambient temperature decreases the turbine efficiency of the three cycles. Decreasing the ambient temperature of the three cycles from 308 to 275°C, the turbine efficiency of the cycles increases by about 1.9% for bsc cycle and about 1% for ah and fah cycles. Increasing ambient temperature decreases the turbine efficiency.

Figure 14 Variation of the turbine efficiency with ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 14

Variation of the turbine efficiency with ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 15, variations of the turbine efficiency with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. It is concluded that increasing the compression ratio (r) decreases the turbine efficiency of the three cycles. Decreasing the compression ratio (r) of the three cycles from 16 to 5, the turbine efficiency of the cycles decreases by about 9.5% for bsc cycle and about 3.7% for ah and fah cycles.

Figure 15 Variation of the turbine efficiency with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 15

Variation of the turbine efficiency with the compression ratio (r) for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 16, variations of the recuperator efficiency with excess air rates for ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. That is shown as increasing excess air rates increases the recuperator efficiency of the ah and fah cycles. Increasing the combustion ratio from 6 to 16 increases the recuperator efficiency by about 10–14% of the ah and fah cycles. Increasing excess air rates of the ah and fah cycles from 1.3 to 3.5, the recuperator efficiency of the cycles for the compressing ratio 16 (r = 16) increases about 25%, for the compressing ratio 10 (r = 10) increases by about 32.3%, and for the compressing ratio 6 (r = 6) increases about 31.8%.

Figure 16 Variation of the recuperator efficiency with excess air rates for different compression ratios of the ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 16

Variation of the recuperator efficiency with excess air rates for different compression ratios of the ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 17, variations of the combustion chamber efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. That is shown as increasing the excess air rates decreases the combustion chamber efficiency of the bsc cycle. However, it increases the combustion chamber efficiency of the ah and fah cycles. Increasing the excess air rates of the three cycles from 1.3 to 3.5, the combustion chamber efficiency of the bsc cycle decreases by about 3%, and for ah and fah cycles, the increases are about 1.6% and 0.7%, respectively.

Figure 17 Variation of the combustion chamber efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 17

Variation of the combustion chamber efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

In Figure 18, variations of the HRSG efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants are given. That is shown as increasing the excess air rates increases the HRSG efficiency cycles. Increasing the excess air rates of the three cycles from 1.3 to 3.5, the HRSG efficiency of the cycles increases by about 34% for bsc cycle and about 44% for ah and 45% for fah cycles.

Figure 18 Variation of the HRSG efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.
Figure 18

Variation of the HRSG efficiency with excess air rates for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration plants.

4 Conclusions

In this study, for different excess air rates, compression ratio (r) and inlet air temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems are analyzed. The Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy), the SFC, the specific work of all cycles and the turbines, the HRSG, the combustion chambers, and the recuperators efficiencies are obtained, compared, and discussed.

Excess air rates have the most effect on the Z factor ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy, and compression ratio (r) is more effective than the ambient temperature for bsc, ah and fah cogeneration systems. Decreasing the ambient temperature decreases the Z factor. Decreasing excess air rates increases the SFC-specific fuel consumption by about 50–130%, decreasing compression ratio (r) increases the SFC by about 20–28%, and decreasing the ambient temperature decreases the SFC (specific fuel consumption) by about 7–9%, of the three cycles. Decreasing excess air rates increases the specific work by about 14–76%, decreasing compression ratio (r) increases the specific work by about 7–13%, and decreasing the ambient temperature increases the specific work by about 7–11%, of the three cycles. In addition, for excess air rates 1.5 for bsc cycle and 1.8 for ah and fah cycles, there is a maximum value that should be taken into account. Increasing excess air rates increases the turbine efficiency by about 15–20%, the recuperator efficiency by about 25–32%, the HRSG efficiency by about 34–45% for the three cycles and increases by about 1% for of the ah and fah and decreases about 1% for the bsc cycles combustion chamber efficiency. Decreasing the compression ratio (r) of the three cycles from 16 to 5, the turbine efficiency and the recuperator efficiency decrease by about 4–14%. Decreasing the ambient temperature of the three cycles from 308 to 275°C, the turbine efficiency of the cycles increases by about 1.9% for bsc cycle and about 1% for ah and fah cycles.

In conclusion, decreasing inlet air temperature by absorption cooling or if possible by other methods should be taken into consideration. Also, for optimum working conditions, an optimization process on excess air rates and compression ratio should be carried out.

  1. Funding information: The author states no funding is involved.

  2. Author contributions: The author confirms sole responsibility for the following: study conception and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, and manuscript preparation.

  3. Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

  4. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

  5. Data availability statement: The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-02-08
Revised: 2023-02-13
Accepted: 2023-02-14
Published Online: 2023-03-08

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
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  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
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  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
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  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
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  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0295
Keywords for this article
cogeneration; power; air-fuel heating; exergy
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
  74. A novel statistical modeling of air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic mortality data by Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial regression models with fixed and random effects
  75. Treatment activity of the injectable hydrogels loaded with dexamethasone In(iii) complex on glioma by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway
  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
  79. Novel green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Salvia rosmarinus extract for treatment of human lung cancer
  80. Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
  90. Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  172. Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview
  173. Studies on the intercalation of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide-MCPA and its controlled release mechanism as a potential green herbicide
  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
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