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A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics

  • Jing Li , Hongjiang Ren , Jiangtao Li and Liuchang Wang EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: October 31, 2023
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 21 Issue 1

Abstract

Reported here is a new Cu(ii) compound with the formula of {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)(4-NH2-py)4} n (1, 4-NH2-py = 4-amino-pyridine). The analysis of X-ray diffraction shows that the complex 1 indicates a 0D separated skeleton with {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)} tetranuclear cluster. The interactions of H-bond between the amino groups and μ 2-Cl anions from adjacent 0D cluster further extended this 0D cluster into a 3D supramolecular framework. In addition, this compound has excellent photocatalytic activities for the degradation of methyl blue under UV radiation. The cyclic testing results indicate that complex 1 exhibits good recyclability, as it can be repeated for as many as five cycles with no noticeable loss of performance, revealing its potential application in pollutant degradation within the environmental field.

Keywords: Cu(ii) compound; tetranuclear cluster; supramolecular framework; photocatalysis

1 Introduction

Being a kind of ordered crystalline material, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widespread explored mainly on account of their promising application properties in gas storage and separation, magnetism, luminescence, ion exchange, photocatalysis, and various areas [1–5]. Despite the MOFs being simply obtainable via the solvothermal or hydrothermal self-assembly of polytopic organic ligands and metal ions, how to acquire MOFs with ideal performances and structures is still a huge challenge [6–8]. In order to synthesize MOFs with predictable structures, it is pivotal to not only carefully select organic ligands with suitable flexibility, symmetry, and coordination groups but also carefully select central metal ions with appropriate coordination geometries [9–11].

With the development of economy, more and more organic dye wastes were directly discharged to environment that caused significant pollution problem to human beings. To remove these organic wastes, photocatalytic technology is considered to be one of the most effective methods that can employ inexhaustible sunlight to decompose these organic dyes into harmless small molecules. According to the reported literature, it can be found that numerous MOFs can be served as photocatalysts and reveal outstanding photocatalytic activities in the organic dye degradation, such as methyl blue (MB), methyl orange, methyl violet, etc. [12,13,14]. Among these MOFs, most of them are on the basis of Cd(ii), Co(ii), and Cu(ii) metal centers [15,16,17]. For example, after investigating the relevant literature, copper ions are selected to construct MOFs, mainly because copper ions are considered to have high solubility and stability, and can form a stable chemical structure, making copper complexes in solution exist for a long time. At the same time, copper ions in aqueous solution have a better uniformity, can be fully mixed with other ligands, and form a homogeneous complex structure. Moreover, it can react with a variety of ligands of different properties to form a diversity of metal complexes. These complexes can have different structures, properties, and functions, and are widely used in catalysts, dyes, drugs, and other fields. In addition, copper ions can be used as active centers of catalysts and participate in a variety of organic reactions. They can promote the chemical reaction and improve the reaction rate and selectivity. Overall, the advantages of copper ions as building metal complexes lie in their stability, homogeneity, diversity, and catalytic activity [18]. These properties make copper complexes important functional materials in many fields. For example, Astakhov et al. synthesized piperazine-linked MOFs from cage Cu(ii), Na-phenylsilyl, Cu6 complexes liganded by silyl dioxyhexacycles, and ethylenediamine ligands. The study found that the prepared material can catalyze the oxidation reaction of cyclohexane with H2O2, producing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol [19]. A great deal of work has been done by other chemists in the preparation and catalytic study of the characteristics of MOFs as basis of copper ions [20]. Among them, relevant article on UV irradiation to achieve methyl bromide degradation have been reported [21]. However, the conventional UV irradiation method for MB catalysis has several major drawbacks: conventional UV irradiation for MB catalysis requires a high-energy UV light source, which has a low-energy utilization efficiency. The cost of equipment for obtaining a high-energy UV light source is high, and the selectivity of the reaction in conventional UV-IR MB catalysis may be low, resulting in the generation of uncontrollable by-products. This may have a negative impact on the environment or adversely affect the purity of the desired product. In addition, conventional UV irradiation-catalyzed reactions are usually limited by conditions such as reaction temperature and pressure. This may lead to difficult operation of the reaction, less controllable reaction conditions, and longer reaction times. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we would like to develop an organic framework based on copper ions for efficient and convenient UV-induced degradation of methyl bromide [22]. To design new MOF-based photocatalyst, in this study, we used 4-amino-pyridine as a terminal ligand in that the uncoordinated amino group could be considered as hydrogen bond donor to construct new supramolecular framework. The use of 4-aminopyridine as a ligand for Cu(ii) compounds is mainly based on the following considerations: (1) The nitrogen atom in 4-aminopyridine contains a lone pair of electrons that can form relatively strong coordination bonds with Cu(ii). This high affinity makes 4-aminopyridine an effective Cu(ii) ligand. (2) The coordination compounds formed by 4-aminopyridine with Cu(ii) have relatively high stability. This stability is important for the continuation of the catalyzed reaction and improves the efficiency and lifetime of the catalyst. (3) 4-Aminopyridine can act synergistically with other ligands or substrates by forming coordination bonds with Cu(ii). This synergistic effect may improve the rate, selectivity, and yield of the reaction. (4) 4-Aminopyridine has strong coordination ability and certain acidic properties as a ligand. This allows it to have diverse functions in different types of catalytic reactions and is suitable for different reaction systems. (5) By changing the structure of 4-aminopyridine or introducing other functional groups, its coordination properties and reaction mechanism can be adjusted. This makes 4-aminopyridine an important component of tunable catalytic systems. Via the hydrothermal self-assembly reactions of CuCl2·2H2O, 4-amino-pyridine, and NaCl, we acquired a novel Cu(ii) compound, called {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)(4-NH2-py)4} n (1, 4-NH2-py = 4-amino-pyridine). The structural analysis of X-ray exhibited that the complex 1 reveals a 0D separated skeleton with tetranuclear cluster {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)}. These 0D isolated clusters expand into 3D supramolecular skeletons via N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding, these 0D isolated clusters extend into a three-dimensional supramolecular backbone. Furthermore, we examined the thermal stability and photocatalytic activity of the samples, as well as their photocatalytic degradation activity towards the organic dye MB. We also discussed the corresponding catalytic mechanisms in conjunction with the literature.

2 Experimental method

2.1 Materials and instrumentation

All the initial solvents and reagents used in our work were obtained commercially and ready to use. Vario EL iii analyzer was employed to analyze the elements H, N, and C. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies were carried out with a step size of 0.05° using a PANalytical X’Pert Pro diffractometer at ambient conditions with Cu/Kα irradiation (λ of 1.54056 Å). The Thermo Gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed with a NETSCHZ STA-449C TGA under a nitrogen gas flow, and the heating rate was 10°C min−1 to complete the analysis in the range of 30–800°C. The photocatalytic experiments were performed in a Persee TU-1950 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.

2.2 Synthesis of compound

(1) { Cu 4 ( μ 2 -Cl ) 6 ( μ 4 -O ) ( 4 -NH 2 -py ) 4 } n .

The solution formed by 0.200 mmol CuCl2·2H2O, 0.2 mmol 4-NH2-pyridinepdc, 0.2 mmol NaCl, and 8.0 mL of H2O was mixed together in the stainless steel container lining with Teflon (23 mL) and this mixture was warmed for 72 h under 170℃. After the product was slowly cooled to the ambient condition, the colorless blue crystals of complex 1 were separated with 36% yielding in the light of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O. Elemental analysis calculated for the C20H24Cl6Cu4N8O (859.37): N, 13.03, C, 27.93, and H, 2.79%. Found: N, 13.06, C, 27.89, and H, 2.82%.

2.3 X-ray crystallography

Structural details of single crystals have been obtained at ambient conditions by graphite monochromatic Mo-Kα radiation (λ of 0.71073 Å) utilizing a computer operated Mercury CCD. By exploiting double straightforward means, the composition of the compounds could be resolved by ShelXS, and then applying SHELXL to refine the structure by least squares [23]. The result of crystallography for this compound is concluded in Table 1. The CCDC number is 2087277.

Table 1

Crystallographic details of the compound

Formula C20H24Cl6Cu4N8O
Fw 859.37
Crystal system Tetragonal
Space group I41/a
a (Å) 15.918 (8)
b (Å) 15.918 (8)
c (Å) 12.200 (6)
α (°) 90
β (°) 90
γ (°) 90
Volume (Å3) 3,091 (3)
Z 4
Density (calculated) 1.847
Abs. coeff. (mm−1) 3.264
Total reflections 11,763
Unique reflections 1,766
Goodness of fit on F 2 1.109
Final R indices [I > 2sigma(I 2)] R = 0.0587, wR 2 = 0.1354
R (all data) R = 0.0726, wR 2 = 0.1450

2.4 Degradation experiment

Aqueous solutions of the dyes were prepared by dissolving MB powder in deionized water. Working solutions of these dyes were obtained by serial dilution of the supply solution with deionized water. The concentration of MB dye was determined at 664 nm by UV-Vis spectroscopy. To examine the effect of original dye concentration, 20 mg of adsorbent was added to 100 mL of MB solution and stirred at 300 rpm for the required time at room temperature, then separated by centrifugation and the equilibrium concentration was determined by UV-vis analysis.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Crystal structure of compound 1

The architectural analysis of SXRD exhibited that compound 1 crystallizes in a I41/a space group of tetragonal system and reflects a 0D isolated framework with a tetranuclear {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)} cluster. The fundamental unit of the complex 1 involves a Cu(ii) ions, a terminal 4-NH2-py ligand, one and a half μ 2-Cl anions, as well as a quarter μ 4-O anion. As shown in Figure 1a, the Cu1 ions are pentacoordinated and they reveal a coordination structure of trigonal bipyramid, and its basal level is defined via 3 μ 2-Cl anions, while the apical positions are taken over via a μ 4-O anion and a N donor derived from q ligand of 4-NH2-py. The separations of Cu–N and Cu–O are 1.955(4) Å and 1.9103(9) Å, and the spacing of Cu–Cl are varied from 2.3607(19) to 2.4722(18) Å, which are in a normal range. As shown in Figure 1b, four neighboring Cu(ii) arranged in a tetrahedron are bridged by one μ 4-O anion and six μ 2-Cl anions into a tetranuclear diamond-type {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)} cluster with the average Cu…Cu distance of 3.13 Å, and four terminal 4-NH2-py ligands occupied the remaining coordination sites of Cu(ii) ions, generating an isolated tetranuclear cluster-based 0D framework. It can be observed that four terminal 4-NH2-py ligands point in four different directions. Interestingly, the H donors of amino groups from the terminal 4-NH2-py ligands were just suitably accepted by the μ 2-Cl anions from the adjacent isolated tetranuclear clusters to form intermolecular H-bonds of N–H…Cl (N–H…Cl = 3.353 and 3.388 Å, ∠NHCl = 139° and 163°). Such intermolecular hydrogen bonds finally connected these isolated 0D clusters into a 3D supramolecular framework (Figure 1c).

Figure 1 (a) Coordination ring view of the Cu(ii) ion in complex 1. (b) The 0D isolated framework with tetrahedral {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)} cluster. (c) A 3D supramolecular framework formed by isolated 0D clusters connected through N–H…Cl intermolecular hydrogen bonds (red dashed lines represent hydrogen bonds).
Figure 1

(a) Coordination ring view of the Cu(ii) ion in complex 1. (b) The 0D isolated framework with tetrahedral {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)} cluster. (c) A 3D supramolecular framework formed by isolated 0D clusters connected through N–H…Cl intermolecular hydrogen bonds (red dashed lines represent hydrogen bonds).

3.2 PXRD and TGA analysis

In this work, the analysis of PXRD was employed to confirm the bulk products’ phase purity. As shown in Figure 2a, for the bulk product, the experimental results are like the simulated results and agree with the single-crystal diffraction figures. This good agreement indicates that the bulk product is in pure state.

Figure 2 (a) The PXRD for the complex 1. (b) The TGA result of complex 1.
Figure 2

(a) The PXRD for the complex 1. (b) The TGA result of complex 1.

For the sake of the 1’s thermal behavior, the analysis of TGA was conducted under nitrogen atmosphere from 30 to 800℃ (Figure 2b). In TGA curve, no weightlessness can be found from 30 to 289℃, showing that the structure of 1 could be stable up to 289℃, and then, significant weightlessness appeared on account of the framework decomposition.

3.3 Photocatalytic property of 1

Based on the literature reports on Cu(ii)-based MOFs, it can be found that these Cu-based MOFs have prominent photo-catalytic activities for the photo-degradation of organic dye pollutants by UV irradiation [24,25]. Therefore, in this work, MB was picked as the model dye to achieve evaluation of the 1’s photocatalytic information. The detailed photocatalytic experiments were performed in a typical process as below: The finely ground samples of 1 were dispersed into the solution of MB (100 mL) with 10 mg L−1 concentration, and the suspension subsequently was in-depth treated with ultrasound in darkness for 30 min, and after that, the mixture was irradiated by UV light under constant stirring conditions. At a given interval, 2 mL reaction mixed solution was taken out periodically and analyzed through an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer after centrifugal separation. In order to prove the photocatalytic activity of 1, a control study excluding compound 1 was accomplished under the same circumstances. As shown in Figure 3a, when 1 as used as photocatalyst, the absorption peaks of MB solution at about 665 nm decreased significantly with the increase in the irradiation time, and after 150 min, the degradation efficiency of MB is 87.4% (Figure 3b). When the photocatalytic reaction was conducted without 1 as photocatalyst, the degradation efficiency of MB is only 8.80% after 150 min (Figure 3b). Such result indicates that compound 1 as photocatalyst shows good catalytic activity for MB degradation, that are comparable with that of previously reported MOFs-based photocatalysts [26]. After the photo-catalyzed reaction, the specimen of 1 was centrifuged and isolated and further used to perform PXRD tests as illustrated in Figure 2a, indicating that 1 was structurally intact during the photocatalytic experiments.

Figure 3 (a) UV-Vis absorption of MB degradation in the presence of 1 acting as photocatalyst. (b) Degradation percentage of MB under UV light in the absence or presence of compound 1 acting as photocatalyst.
Figure 3

(a) UV-Vis absorption of MB degradation in the presence of 1 acting as photocatalyst. (b) Degradation percentage of MB under UV light in the absence or presence of compound 1 acting as photocatalyst.

3.4 Stability and recoverability of 1

An important factor in considering solid materials as effective adsorbents in industry is their ability to be recycled. In order to investigate the reusability of the sample of compound 1, a recycling experiment was carried out using ethanol as desorbent. For this purpose, 20 mg of the sample was added to a methyl bromide solution at an amount of 100 mg L−1 and stirred for 40 min. In the next step, the sample was separated using a centrifuge, washed four times with ethanol, and finally dried at 40°C for 5 h. After drying, the sample was adsorbed again under the same conditions. The findings indicated that the adsorbent can be repeated five times and there is no noticeable decrease in the activity (Figure 4). These results demonstrate that the structure of sample 1 is stable and does not change after repeated use.

Figure 4 Reusability of catalysts 1 in MB removal.
Figure 4

Reusability of catalysts 1 in MB removal.

3.5 Photocatalytic mechanism

The mechanism was determined based on our synthesis of former publications and results of experiments. In a photocatalytic degradation system of this photocatalytic degradation method, the adapting agent (i.e., Cu organic framework material) absorbs UV light. The light-absorbing ability and bandgap position of the photocatalytic materials are important factors affecting their degradation performance. Materials having thinner band gap energy levels have improved damage properties. Visible light absorbance is highly dependent on the band gap energy scale, which affects the electron (e−) mobility from the source of material to the water molecules. Materials with smaller bandgap energy levels and larger surface areas are expected to exhibit better light absorption capabilities. The band energy levels of Cu (BA) were determined using VB-xps control of valence band energy and UV-vis DRS measurements. Under UV irradiation, electrons (e−) in the energy band of 4-aminopyridine migrated into the energy band of copper (BA) to form a heterojunction, which inhibited the complexation of photo-generated carrier and absorbed UV-visible light at wavelengths lower than 460 nm. In addition, OH moieties on the outside of the complex catalysis reacted with photo-generated holes (h+) to form –OH radicals, which resulted in the degradation of the contaminants [27,28].

4 Conclusion

In summary, a new 0D framework with isolated tetranuclear {Cu4(μ 2-Cl)6(μ 4-O)} cluster was hydrothermal synthesized. The H donors of uncoordinated amino groups from the terminal 4-NH2-py ligands were suitably accepted by the μ 2-Cl anions from the adjacent 0D cluster to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which further extended these 0D isolated clusters into a 3D supramolecular framework. Under UV light irradiation, this compound could be seen as an excellent photo-catalyst for the MB solution degradation. Mechanistic studies indicate that the catalytic process is driven by the generation of –OH radicals, which play a crucial role.

  1. Funding information: The work was funded by Research on the Application of Inorganic Nanofunctional Composite Materials (XAWLKYTD202312), Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (2022JM-075) and 3-year action plan project of Xi’an University (21XJZZ0001-11).

  2. Author contributions: Jing Li and Jiangtao Li synthesized and prepared the crystals of complexes; Hongjiang Ren performed other experiments; Liuchang Wang wrote the article.

  3. Conflict of interest: There are no conflicts to declare.

  4. Ethical approval: The work is not relating to the use of either human or animal.

  5. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-08-28
Revised: 2023-10-07
Accepted: 2023-10-19
Published Online: 2023-10-31

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
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  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
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  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
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  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
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  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
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  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
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  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
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  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
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  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
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  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
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  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
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  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
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  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
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  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
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  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
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  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
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  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
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  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0151
Keywords for this article
Cu(ii) compound; tetranuclear cluster; supramolecular framework; photocatalysis
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
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  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
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  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
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  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
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  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
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  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
  74. A novel statistical modeling of air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic mortality data by Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial regression models with fixed and random effects
  75. Treatment activity of the injectable hydrogels loaded with dexamethasone In(iii) complex on glioma by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway
  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
  79. Novel green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Salvia rosmarinus extract for treatment of human lung cancer
  80. Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
  90. Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  172. Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview
  173. Studies on the intercalation of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide-MCPA and its controlled release mechanism as a potential green herbicide
  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
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