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Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes

  • Aljawhara H. Almuqrin , Dalal Abdullah Aloraini and Mohammad Ibrahim Abualsayed EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: May 23, 2023
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 21 Issue 1

Abstract

Epoxy resins with varying amounts of MoO3 were theoretically investigated for their radiation shielding ability at low energies (between 0.0395 and 0.344 MeV). The quantity of MoO3 varied from 0 to 30%, and relevant shielding parameters were obtained and analyzed from Phy-X software. The half value layer (HVL) of the resins demonstrated that increasing MoO3 content improved the space-efficiency of the prepared samples at all tested energies, leading to the Mo4 sample, the epoxy resin with the greatest MoO3 content having the smallest HVL. Additionally, the mean free path of the materials has an inverse relationship with their density, which increased with additional MoO3. The tenth value layer ratio between Mo1 and Mo4 illustrated how the introduction of Mo has a much greater effect on thickness reduction at lower energies than at higher energies due to photoelectric phenomena. The Z eff and N eff parameters showed how the epoxy samples benefitted from the introduction of MoO3 at different energies.

Keywords: epoxy resin; MoO3 ; radiation protection; Phy-X software

1 Introduction

The application of ionizing radiations is expanding at a rapid rate in a wide variety of sectors. In light of this, the concept of developing novel nuclear-protecting technologies that have multiple functions has garnered an increasing amount of attention in recent years [1,2,3]. Evidently, random exposure to gamma radiation creates major health concerns such as cancer and cell mutation. In contrast to increasing the distance from the radiation source and decreasing the amount of time spent exposed to the radiation, selecting an appropriate shield is the most successful method of protecting humans from the dangers caused by gamma rays [4,5,6]. The use of typical lead and lead composites as a nuclear radiation shield imposes certain constraints on the design of the shield. Lead has several drawbacks, including a low melting point, limited mechanical strength, poisonous properties, and heavy weight. As a result, the development of a new shield and the replacement of the conventional shielding materials that are presently in use with materials that are both harmless and inexpensive are becoming increasingly important [7,8,9,10]. In recent years, data on the interactions of gamma radiation with some materials, including glasses, polymers, ceramics, and epoxy resin composites, have been documented [11,12,13,14,15,16].

Due to their interesting qualities, polymers like epoxy resin are used in radiation protection. As a result, they are beneficial for medical imaging and dosimetry applications. Epoxy resins are a good choice in the field of radiation protection since they are also inexpensive, flexible, and simple to make in large quantities [17,18].

In the literature, different works reported epoxy resin as shielding material. In brief, we will discuss some previous works that reported the epoxy resin as a potential candidate for radiation shielding applications and their features, and performance compared to other traditional materials. The epoxy resin with micro and nano Bi2O3 and WO3 particles for shielding applications was studied by Karabul and Icelli [19] against gamma radiation. The samples with the greatest amounts of these heavy metal oxides were found to have the best abilities to shield against harmful ionizing gamma-ray radiation. Zhang et al. [20] fabricated Bi2O3–Ti3C2T x hybrids to reinforce epoxy composites in gamma ray shielding applications. They found that the Bi2O3 NPs uniformly anchored onto the surface of the Ti3C2T x layers through chemical bonding, supporting against the layers from collapsing while limiting the agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the epoxy resin. The synergistic characteristics of the resulting mixture led to an epoxy composite that had excellent gamma radiation shielding properties, while limiting the spacial constraints of the material. Meanwhile, Aldhuhaibat et al. [21] evaluated the effective atomic number, as well as other related parameters, of pure epoxy, Al2O3–epoxy, and Fe2O3–epoxy at various mid-to-high gamma-ray energies. The metal oxides were found to improve upon these shielding parameters, reinforcing the use of epoxy nanocomposites for gamma-radiation shielding. Polymer matrix composites can also be enhanced by blending high atomic number metallic fillers into the system to improve their shielding capability. Li et al. [22] introduced basalt fiber into an epoxy resin matrix containing varying amounts of tungsten and erbium oxide fillers. These fillers were found to have a great positive correlation with the mass attenuation coefficient of the basalt fiber composite, especially at lower energies. Therefore, adding these heavy metal and rare earth fillers into the reinforced polymer composites improved the shielding ability of the material. Liu et al. [23] instead focused on epoxy resin matrices containing micro-fillers of WO3 and boron carbide and studied the effect of the size of the filler, the uniformity of dispersion, and the types of fillers and fiber, on the radiation attenuation capabilities of the prepared materials. The mass attenuation coefficient of the fibers was found to be proportional to the density of the fiber, independent of the material that it was composed of, while the mass attenuation coefficient decreased significantly with large filler size and uneven dispersion at low energies. A polycarbonate-bismuth oxide composite (PC-Bi2O3) was prepared by Mehrara et al. [24] using a mixed-solution method to find the thermal and radiation shielding properties of the samples. Increasing the concentrations of the Bi2O3 fillers in the polycarbonate matrix was observed to increase the attenuation coefficients of the composites significantly, especially compared to pure polycarbonate. Additionally, El-Khatib et al. [25] investigated the effect of particle size of CdO particles on the photon shielding ability of high-density polyethylene with CdO particles in different concentrations. Introducing the micro and nano CdO particles was found to greatly increase the shielding abilities of the composites at low gamma-ray energies, with the nano-CdO particles having the greatest effect. These earlier studies show that various research teams attempted to examine the radiation attenuation capabilities of epoxy resin using various fillers. To establish the ideal filler concentration and investigate its effective use in actual radiation shielding situations, more research is required. The purpose of our research was to determine how the radiation-shielding capabilities of epoxy resin would be affected by the addition of MoO3. Our research advances the field of materials science and has potential applications in industries including nuclear energy, diagnostic imaging, and radiation shielding.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Samples preparation

This study employed a two-part epoxy thermosetting resin, where component A represents the epoxy resin and component B is the curing agent. The density of the undiluted epoxy resin used in this research was 1.10 g/cm3 after 24 h of solidification. The samples were fabricated according to the manufacturer’s guidelines by using a weight ratio of 2:1 (epoxy to curing agent). The current radiation shielding materials were prepared by incorporating different percentages of MoO3 oxide (Sigma-Aldrich, purity of >99%) as doping agents. The molding and curing process was used to create four distinct sample compositions. The MoO3 contents varied from 0 to 30 wt% (Table 1). After measuring the epoxy matrix, the necessary quantity of MoO3 doping compounds is incorporated. The combination is thoroughly blended under magnetic stirring for 10 min to guarantee that the particles are uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. The mixture was well agitated before being placed into a circular mold. It was then allowed to cure undisturbed for 24 h before being removed from the mold. Figure 1 illustrates a photograph of the fabricated composites. The composition of the newly developed composites is summarized in Table 1, where we designated Mo1, Mo2, Mo3, and Mo4 as codes for these composites.

Table 1

Composition of the newly developed composites

Sample code Epoxy MoO3 Density (g/cm3)
Mo1 100 0 1.13
Mo2 90 10 1.21
Mo3 80 20 1.35
Mo4 70 30 1.39
Figure 1 Photo of the prepared epoxy resin composites with MoO3.
Figure 1

Photo of the prepared epoxy resin composites with MoO3.

Utilizing an analytical balance, we determined the mass of the sample in ethanol and the air, and then, using the Archimedes principle (equation (1)), we calculated the density of the newly Mo1, Mo2, Mo3, and Mo4 composites.

(1) ρ = W air W air − W e × ρ e .

In the above equation, the ρ e is 0.789 g/cm3.

2.2 Radiation shielding parameters

The mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) are a quantity that is connected to the photon energy as well as the chemical components of a substance and the likelihood of interactions between material and radiation. Mathematically, it is defined as:

(2) MAC = − 1 ρ · t In N N 0 ,

where t is the thickness of the absorber, N and N 0 represent the intensity with and without the absorber.

From the MAC, we can derive a density-dependence parameter known as the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC). Simply, the LAC is the product of the MAC with the density of the absorber.

Half value layer (HVL) is a shorthand way of describing the efficacy of shielding provided by an absorber. The HVL is a useful quantity that reveals the absorber’s capacity for shielding electromagnetic radiation. The thickness of any particular material at which half of the incoming energy has been absorbed is known as the HVL. Mathematically, it is defined as:

(3) HVL = 0 . 693 LAC .

The LAC not only helps to derive the HVL of the absorber, but also helps in determining the mean free path (MFP), namely:

(4) MFP = 1 LAC .

To evaluate the efficacy of a substance’s shielding, the terminology effective atomic number (Z eff) is frequently utilized. It specifies the percentage of the number of electrons in a shielding material that is involved in photon–atom interactions. Mathematically, it is defined as:

(5) Z eff = σ a σ e .

The numerator of equation (4) is called the total atomic cross-section, while the denominator is the total electronic cross section.

These two parameters are defined as:

(6) σ a = 1 N A ∑ i f i A i ( MAC ) ,

(7) σ e = 1 N A ∑ i f i A i Z i ( MAC ) .

For the determination of the above parameters, we can use a theoretical approach. The ability to model the performance of various shielding materials and geometries prior to them being constructed and verified makes theoretical studies to play an important function in radiation shielding. This makes it possible to choose the best materials and geometries for a desired purpose and can reduce the expense and length of time associated with testing. Phy-X software is important software that can theoretically calculate different radiation shielding parameters [26]. It is essential to perform calculations involving radiation physics using Phy-X software for a number of reasons. Complex calculations can be automated using Phy-X Software, which can save a lot of effort and time compared to manually conducting the same calculations. High-accuracy computations may be made with Phy-X Software, which is crucial in the study of radiation physics because even tiny inaccuracies in calculations can have big effects. Moreover, it is simple to repeat tests and simulations since Phy-X Software can store and recreate earlier calculations. This is especially helpful when attempting to duplicate or verify earlier findings. Most importantly, the Phy-X software package is user-friendly, making it simple to use for researchers and academics of all levels of experience.

3 Results and discussion

We calculated the MAC for the investigated samples using Phy-X between 0.0395 and 0.344 MeV. Figure 2 represents the variation in the theoretical values of MAC of the Mo1, Mo2, Mo3, and Mo4 shielding composites in the range of 0.0395–0.344 MeV. These MAC values were acquired using the Phy-X theoretical approach, as we indicated in subsection 2.2. The Mo1-Mo3 composites’ MAC exhibits a general declining tendency as energy is increased. Significantly, as energy increased from 0.0395 to 0.344 MeV, the MAC curve in the chosen energy range abruptly decreased. Mo4 was chosen to examine the mechanism of the produced epoxy resin composites’ radiation-shielding capabilities. According to the selected energies in this work, the entire MAC value of these composites can be separated into two components based on the interaction of matter and incident photons: the Photoelectric effect (PE) and the Compton scattering (CS) (Figure 3). According to Figure 3, where photon energies range from 0.0395 to 0.122 MeV, the PE effect predominates in the low-energy area. The MAC value in this region gradually declines as photon energy rises. For Mo4, the MAC decreases from 2.973 to 0.260 cm2/g in this area. This is explained by the PE cross-section being inversely related to the energy (i.e., with E −3.5) and proportionate to the atomic number Z 4–5. The second region is between 0.245 and 0.344 MeV, when the PE effect becomes less significant and the CS effect takes over. In this region, where the MAC for Mo4 falls from 0.133 to 0.110 cm2/g, we can observe that the MAC reduces gradually.

Figure 2 Mass attenuation coefficients of the Mo1–Mo4 epoxy resin composites.
Figure 2

Mass attenuation coefficients of the Mo1–Mo4 epoxy resin composites.

Figure 3 Contribution of the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering to the total MAC for Mo4 composite.
Figure 3

Contribution of the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering to the total MAC for Mo4 composite.

As shown in Figure 2, the lowest MACs were observed in the pure epoxy matrix sample. This was owing to the low Z atomic numbers of the constituent components of the epoxy, which were found in the sample. As is common knowledge, epoxy is predominately made up of carbon and also contains nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine in varying quantities. However, it has been shown that the radiation shielding capability of the epoxy matrix improves as a result of an increase in the quantity of the MoO3 additives. The Mo4 composite has been successful in achieving the greatest MAC values, which is an indication of the greatest radiation shielding efficiency.

The LAC is a significant variable that is utilized in a broad variety of fields, including radiation protection. Calculating the amount of radiation absorbed by a material using LAC is one of the steps involved in radiation physics. This step is important because it can help identify the radiation-shielding qualities of the material. Since it is an important factor, we reported the LAC for the Mo1–Mo4 composites, and we presented the results in Figure 4. Before discussing the results, it is important to mention that when the LAC is higher, it indicates that the medium absorbs or scatters radiation to a greater extent. From Figure 4, we found that the process of attenuation is affected by the energy of the radiation in some way. This is because the LAC is high at low energy, and then, it decreases and attained the minimum value at 0.344 MeV. On the other words, the lower the energy of the photons, the greater the likelihood that the radiation will be absorbed or scattered by the present composites; as a result, the LAC value will be larger. Numerically, the LAC (in units of cm−1) for Mo2 is 1.484 at 0.0395 MeV, 1.052 at 0.0459 MeV, 0.153 at 0.245 MeV, and 0.131 at 0.344 MeV. We can observe that the LAC tends the order: Mo4 > Mo3 > Mo2 > Mo1. From this result, when there is a greater amount of MoO3 present in an epoxy resin, the LAC has a greater propensity to go up. This is because MoO3 is a compound with a high atomic number (Z), and its presence in the composite contributes to an increase in the Z as well as the density of the composite as a whole. Since they are better at absorbing radiation, high-density composites typically have higher LAC values. As the MoO3 concentration rises, the likelihood of radiation interaction with the composite also rises. Thus, more photons are absorbed and scattered, raising the LAC value. For the Mo1 (free MoO3), the LAC is 0.395 cm−1 at 0.0395 MeV, while it is 4.132 cm−1 for the composite with 30% of MoO3.

Figure 4 LAC of the Mo1–Mo4 epoxy resin composites.
Figure 4

LAC of the Mo1–Mo4 epoxy resin composites.

Figure 5 plots the HVL of the prepared epoxy resins. The minimum HVL occurs at 0.0395 MeV, while the highest HVL occurs at 0.3443 MeV. Between these two energies, HVL increases as energy increases. For instance, Mo1 has an HVL of 1.753 cm at 0.0395 MeV, which increases to 1.793 cm at 0.0401 MeV, 3.909 cm at 0.1218 MeV, 4.995 cm at 0.2447 MeV, 5.359 cm at 0.2959 MeV, and 5.680 cm at 0.3443 MeV. Meanwhile, Mo3’s HVL values are equal to 0.244, 0.254, 2.273, 3.959, 4.372, 4.705 cm for the same respective energies. Because HVL increases with energy, a thicker epoxy resin is needed to attenuate half of the incoming photons if they have more energy, while a thinner shield is needed if they have less energy. Additionally, the HVL values follow the order of Mo1 > Mo2 > Mo3 > Mo4. At 0.0459 MeV; they are equal to 2.135, 0.659, 0.354, and 0.246 cm for Mo1-4, respectively, while at 0.2835 MeV they are equal to 5.273, 4.848, 4.279, and 4.093 cm for the same respective epoxies. These results indicate that introducing additional MoO3 into the epoxy resin leads to a lower HVL, making the shield more space efficient for radiation shielding applications.

Figure 5 Relationship between HVL and the energy.
Figure 5

Relationship between HVL and the energy.

The ratio between the tenth value layer (TVL) for Mo1 and Mo4, the samples with the lowest and highest MoO3 content respectively, is graphed in Figure 6. At all tested energies, the ratio is greater than 1, which means that Mo1’s TVL is higher than Mo4. In other words, the addition of MoO3 leads to a reduction in TVL, improving space efficiency. In the photoelectric effect region, the ratio is at its highest, between 8 and 10, which means that the impact of MoO3 on the TVL values is very high at low energies. This effect occurs because the photoelectric effect highly depends on the atomic number of the absorber. As energy increases into the Compton scattering area, the ratio decreases to around 1.2–1.3, which means that the impact of MoO3 on the TVL is small for energies greater than 0.245 MeV. This effect, meanwhile, occurs because the Compton scattering effect has a small dependence on the atomic number of the absorber.

Figure 6 Ratio between the TVL for Mo1 and Mo4.
Figure 6

Ratio between the TVL for Mo1 and Mo4.

The relationship between MFP and the density of the prepared epoxy resins is shown in Figure 7. As the density of the epoxy matrix increases, at all tested energies MFP decreases. At 0.0459 MeV, the resin has an MFP of 3.080 cm at a density of 1.13 g/cm3 but drops to 0.951 cm when density increases to 1.21 g/cm3, 0.511 cm at 1.35 g/cm3, and 0.355 cm at 1.39 g/cm3. At a higher energy such as 0.2959 MeV, this drop is still observed, as the MFP values are equal to 7.731, 7.127, 6.307, and 6.050 cm for the same respective energies. Because of the inverse relationship that density has with MFP, adding more MoO3 into the epoxy resin improves the distance between subsequent collisions within the sample, leading to a more effective shield. Therefore, it is important to try to increase the density of the samples as much as possible to maximize attenuation.

Figure 7 Relationship between the MFP and the density.
Figure 7

Relationship between the MFP and the density.

Figure 8 illustrates the Z eff of the epoxy resin samples as a function of energy. The Z eff for Mo1, the epoxy with no MoO3, is almost constant, varying between 5.87 and 4.02. However, when introducing MoO3 into the epoxy composite (in other words for Mo2, Mo3, and Mo4), a great increase in Z eff occurs, especially in the low energy region. At 0.0395 MeV, the Z eff for Mo2, Mo3, and Mo4 are 16.11, 22.67, and 27.24, respectively, which means that adding 30% MoO3 causes Z eff to increase by 4.6 times at this energy. At 0.0459 MeV, introducing 30% MoO3 raises Z eff by 4.56 and at 0.0470 MeV, it increases by 1.99 times. At energies higher than 0.245 MeV, the increase in Z eff due to adding more MoO3 is smaller than at low energies. For example, at 0.296 MeV, the Z eff increases by 1.35 times. Nevertheless, introducing more MoO3 raises Z eff at all tested energies.

Figure 8 The Z eff as a function of the energy.
Figure 8

The Z eff as a function of the energy.

The effective electron density, or N eff, is graphed against energy in Figure 9. N eff has the same trend with increasing energy as Z eff. Because high N eff values indicate a high number of electrons per unit mass, an increase in N eff corresponds to an increased probability for a photon to interact with electrons in the radiation-shielding material. For the prepared samples, the highest effective electron densities occur at 0.0395 MeV for all the samples. In addition, introducing MoO3 into the epoxy matrix gradually increases the N eff values, leading to the maximum value occurring for Mo4 at 0.0395 MeV, equal to 1.65 × 1024 electron/g.

Figure 9 The effective electron density (N eff) as a function of the energy.
Figure 9

The effective electron density (N eff) as a function of the energy.

Figures 10 and 11 demonstrate how exposure buildup factor (EBF) changes with increasing energy at different mfp values for Mo1 and Mo4, respectively. For both Mo1 and Mo4, the lowest EBF values occur at 1 mfp, the lowest penetration level, while EBF increases with increasing mfp at all energies. For example, at 0.150 MeV, Mo1’s EBF increases from 3.40 to 116.67 from 1 to 10 mfp, to 633.0 at 20 mfp, and to 5157.3 at 40 mfp, while Mo4’s EBF is equal to 1.72, 5.88, 10.03, and 17.27 for the same respective penetration depths. For both Mo1 and Mo4, their EBF values start at their lowest for all mfp values, then increase to their maximum near 0.150 MeV, and then decrease as energy increases past this point. For example, Mo1’s EBF at 15 mfp starts at 1.35 and increases to 14.92, 185.84, and 302.66, and then decreases to 135.53, 55.83, 10.41, and 4.00. The maximum values occur in the intermediate energy region because this is the region where the Compton scattering effect is the dominant photon interaction phenomenon. The figures also demonstrate that the EBF values decrease when adding MoO3 into the samples. Specifically, Mo1’s EBF is equal to 77.65 at 0.300 MeV and 10 mfp, while Mo4’s EBF is equal to 15.03 at 0.300 MeV and 10 mfp. Because of this, the Mo4 resin has the lowest EBF values out of the tested samples.

Figure 10 The exposure buildup factor for Mo1 composite.
Figure 10

The exposure buildup factor for Mo1 composite.

Figure 11 The exposure buildup factor for Mo4 composite.
Figure 11

The exposure buildup factor for Mo4 composite.

4 Conclusion

In this work, the radiation-shielding capabilities of epoxy resin with varying amounts of MoO3 were analyzed at a wide range of energies. The HVL of the samples showed that introducing more MoO3 into the epoxy matrix leads to an improvement in the thickness needed for the shield due to the increased absorption ability of the material. The TVL ratio between Mo1 and Mo4 demonstrates that at low energies, the addition of MoO3 has a tremendous effect on the shielding ability of the epoxy, with the ratio varying around 8–10. Meanwhile, at higher energies, this effect is still observed, although to a lesser degree, as the ratio lies between 1.2 and 1.3. Due to the inverse relationship between MFP and density, to ensure the highest number of collisions within the sample, density should be increased as much as possible. Adding 30% MoO3 into the composites led to Z eff increasing by 4.6 times at 0.0395 MeV, and 1.99 times at 0.0470 MeV. The highest N eff values occur at 0.0395 MeV, which means that this energy has the highest probability for the incoming radiation to interact with the electrons in the material. At all tested energies, the Mo1 sample had the highest EBF values, while the Mo4 samples had the lowest.

Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through project number RI-44-0089.

  1. Funding information: The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through project number RI-44-0089.

  2. Author contributions: D. A. A and A. H. A.: supervision, funding acquisition; software. M. I. A.: writing – original draft preparation; methodology; software. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  4. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

  5. Data availability statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2023-02-12
Revised: 2023-03-22
Accepted: 2023-04-21
Published Online: 2023-05-23

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
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  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
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  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
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  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
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  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
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  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
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  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
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  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
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  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
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  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
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  146. Rapid Communication
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  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
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  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0331
Keywords for this article
epoxy resin; MoO3; radiation protection; Phy-X software
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
  74. A novel statistical modeling of air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic mortality data by Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial regression models with fixed and random effects
  75. Treatment activity of the injectable hydrogels loaded with dexamethasone In(iii) complex on glioma by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway
  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
  79. Novel green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Salvia rosmarinus extract for treatment of human lung cancer
  80. Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
  90. Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  172. Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview
  173. Studies on the intercalation of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide-MCPA and its controlled release mechanism as a potential green herbicide
  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
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