Startseite Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
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Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study

  • Murad A. Mubaraki EMAIL logo , Hussain A. Almuayrifi , Taghreed A. Hafiz , Abdulaziz Alyousef , Mohamed A. Dkhil , Felwa A. Thagfan , Rewaida Abdel-Gaber , Mohammad A. A. Al-Najjar , Abdulsalam Alkhudhayri und Sherif Elshanat
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 16. Juni 2023
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 21 Heft 1

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in two hospitals in Riyadh, as well as to judge the best type of tests to ensure blood transfusion safety. By using serological and nucleic acid test (NAT) tests, these donors were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), syphilis, and malaria infection as a first time of donation. Out of 58,898 blood units, 336 units were reacted for HBsAg, 5,318 units for HBcAbs, 506 units for HCV antibodies, 214 units for HIV Ab/Ag combinations, 206 units for HTLV antibodies, 355 units for syphilis antibodies, and 81 units for malaria. Moreover, the genotypic prevalence of these products showed that 349 units reacted for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA in blood donation. This study reflects the seriousness of the residual risk of TTI, which is still a threat factor for the transmission of blood-borne infectious diseases. It was discovered that utilising (NAT) could increase test sensitivities while also lowering residual TTI risks, improving blood safety, and being cost-effective.

Keywords: transfusion-transmitted infections; prevalence; Riyadh; NAT

1 Introduction

Blood transfusion (BT) is a life-saving procedure that saves millions of lives annually worldwide. Annually, more than 118 million units of blood are donated, according to the World Health Organisation [1,2]. However, it is accompanied by the risks of adverse consequences. Therefore, practitioners should be aware and able to identify these issues even though it is a common and safe medical procedure. One to two recipients out of every 1,000 receive contaminated blood containing viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections [1,2]. Potential infectious agents like parasites, viruses, and bacteria can be transferred to the recipient patient through BT are defined as transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) [3]. Several cases of serious morbidity and mortality have been reported due to microbial blood contamination [4]. The most prevalent known TTIs are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell lymphotropic viruses I/II (HTLV I/II), West Nile Virus, malaria, and syphilis [5]. Moreover, in some countries, cytomegalovirus is considered as TTI. As well as, malaria represents a big health issue in the public population, where in 2016, there were an estimated 216 million cases in about 91 countries [6]. Unsafe BT remains a major health alert for the global spread of TTIs [7]. These TTIs can be transmitted via direct exposure to infected blood and blood products, organ transplantation, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, BT, and tattooing [8]. The BT transmission route is considered more common than other routes of transmission [9]. The rate of viral transmission by blood donation has been reduced due to some strict laws imposed on blood donors [10]. As well as, it should be taken into consideration that the viral transmission is mainly depending on the prevalence of viruses in the population and geographical location [11]. According to the Ministry of Saudi Health (MOH), the incidence of HIV infection cases among Saudi citizens and non-Saudis is low, with roughly 1.5 newly discovered HIV infections per 100,000 Saudis per year [12]. Furthermore, analysis of blood donor screening data for HCV infections refers to prevalence rates of 0.4–1.1% [13]. To guarantee the safety and quality of donated blood products, they should undergo to accurate, sensitive, and strict microbial blood tests. The most widely used techniques for screening transfusion-transmitted pathogens are serological and nucleic acid test (NAT). However, serologic tests have some limitations, such as the fact that all infectious agents cannot be detected in blood donations due to asymptomatic donors, occult infections, and other factors [14]. The serological detection of antibodies takes longer to appear than antigens after the onset of infection [15]. As an example, HIV antibodies take roughly three weeks to emerge, whereas HIV p24 antigen takes 3–10 days to appear in the blood; hence, early identification minimizes the serological window period [16]. In turn, it produces a safety margin during BT and reduces the transmission of contaminated blood. In other words, sometimes, the serology results are negative, while the viral nucleic acid can be lively [15]. The same theory is also applied to HBc antibodies, which are lasting for life, thus no way to differentiate whether the infection cures or moves forward to chronicity [5]. In addition, HCV antibodies function similarly in that they take 30–60 days to emerge, whereas antigens appear between 0 and 20 days. The introduction of some sensitive and accurate tests, such as NAT that can determine blood-borne infectious markers at an earlier stage prompted the rate of HIV, HCV, and HBV transmission by blood products to decrease over the previous two decades [17]. Also, NAT has the ability to differentiate between two different window periods of HBV, acute and chronic [18]. Moreover, it has been found that NAT can also detect HBV DNA in occult HBV infection, i.e., virus is present in plasma, and the antibodies are not showing up [19]. Therefore, the study was conducted to discover two main important purposes: first, to estimate the prevalence of circulating pathogens transmitted during BT; second, to specify the optimal laboratory testing that reduces BT hazards, which in turn maintains a high safety standard, and to increase the safety margin during BT that reflects on the amount of discarded blood.

2 Patients and methodology

2.1 Design of the study

A 2-year retrospective analysis was done at two hospitals from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018 (King Saud Medical City Hospital and Al-Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital in Riyadh) in Saudi Arabia. A total of 58,898 donated blood units were analysed anonymously for serological screening for HBV, HCV, and HIV infections, as well as malaria, HTLV, and syphilis. As well as transfusion reaction cases were tracked. Furthermore, the studied samples were subjected to genotypic analysis.

2.2 Inclusion and exclusion patient criteria

This study contained the data of all eligible blood donors who met the national blood bank selection criteria. These include age, body weight, haemoglobin level, pulse rate, and blood pressure. Alongside, the exclusion criteria were taken into consideration, such as history of jaundice cupping, surgical operation, hypertension or current fever, recent illness or transfusion, and not giving consent [20]. Table 1 summarises the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Table 1

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Criteria Inclusion Exclusion
Donor age 18–50 years <18 years or >50 years
Body weight >50 kg <50 kg
Haemoglobin level 14–18 g/dl for male and 12.5–16 g/dl for female <12.5 g/dl for female and 14 g/dl for male
Pulse 60–100 per minute >100 per minute
Blood pressure (systolic of 100–140 mmHg and diastolic of 60–90 mmHg) >140 of systolic and >90 of diastolic
History of diseases No history of diseases History of diseases

2.3 Sample processing and laboratory tests

In order to perform serological and genotypic assays of the donor blood units, two blood samples were taken from each donated blood unit: one with EDTA and the other without EDTA. There were some precautions that should be considered before the start of sample processing to avoid a false result. Hemolysed (red) and hyperlipidaemic (milky) samples must be removed, as must samples containing fibrin, heavy particle remnants, or microbiological filaments and bodies. All donors were evaluated for TTIs markers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and molecular NAT kits, according to instructions by the manufacturer (Table 2).

Table 2

Different principles and methods are used to test the blood donor

Method The instrument used for analysis Target
Phenotypically ELISA* Dade Behring-Peb 111 HBc AbsHCV Abs
HIV Abs/Ag combination
HTLV Abs
HBV Ag
Hemagglutination assay, ELISA (for confirmation) ALINITY Treponema pallidum Abs
ELISA Evolis Malaria
Genotypically PCR* Cobas 6800 HIV RNA
HCV RNA
HBV DNA

*Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

2.3.1 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

By automated Dade Behring-Peb 111 (Siemens), serum samples were screened for anti-HBc, HCV antibodies, HIV Ag/Ab combinations, and HTLV antibodies utilising several ELISA types.

2.3.1.1 Anti HCV antibodies detection

Highly pure antigens that comprise sequences from the NS3, NS4, and NS5 regions of the core HCV were coated on microwells to detect anti-HCV antibodies. The peroxidase-conjugated monoclonal anti-human IgG was used.

2.3.1.2 HBV detection

Reagents from Monolisa HBsAg Ultra (Biorad), Monolisa Anti-HBc Plus (Biorad), and Monolisa Anti-HBsAg Plus (Biorad) were used for HBV (HBsAg and Anti HBc) detection. In order to detect HBsAg, monoclonal antibodies are coated on the Monalisa HBsAg Ultra solid phase (a one-step enzyme immunoassay based on the concept of the (sandwich) type employing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies). On the other hand, MONALISA anti-HBc PLUS solid phase produced with recombinant HBc antigen (indirect ELISA type) is used to detect total antibodies to the HBV core in human serum or plasma. While the principle of Anti HBs PLUS is a direct sandwich enzyme immunoassay that uses polystyrene microwells coated with native HBsAg as the solid phase and a conjugate containing HBsAg that has been labelled with horseradish peroxidase.

2.3.1.3 HIV and HTLV-I/II detection

A reagent of Genscreen Ultra HIV Ag-Ab (Biorad) was used to identify HIV and HTLV-I/II. Since the Genscreen Ultra HIV Ag-Ab is an enzyme immunoassay based on the theory of sandwich technique for the detection of HIV P24 antigen (major core protein) and antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in human serum/plasma.

2.3.1.4 Syphilis and malaria detection

A rapid RPR kit from Crescent was used to test donor plasma for the presence of syphilis using the ALINITY analyser. ELISA was also enlisted to identify malaria using an Evolis machine and a Biorad kit. The main concept of the test was to coat the wells of a microplate with recombinant proteins that represented immunodominant epitopes of Plasmodium species from two hospitals.

2.3.2 NAT PCR

The cobas 6800 (Roche molecular diagnostics GMbH) automated system was used to detect probes for HIVI, HIVII, HCV, HBV, and internal control (IC) nucleic acid. The cobas 6800 system includes ready-to-use assay reagents for NAT testing (cobas® MPX, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany).

2.4 Statistical analysis

SPSS statistical software (version 25, SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used to analyse the data. For the primary purpose of description, all data are presented as frequencies and percentages. The annual TTIs seroprevalence rates for the whole study population and various sociodemographic subgroups were presented. According to sociodemographic characteristics, the seroprevalence rates of TTIs were compared between blood donor groups using the Chi-square test, and the effect of categorical variables on TTIs seropositivity was assessed. In order to analyse the variations in TTIs trends over these two years, a Chi-square test was also used. p Values of less than 0.05 were considered significant in terms of statistics.

3 Results

3.1 Prevalence of blood-borne infections

Seroprevalence assays revealed that 5,318 (9%) of the units tested positive for HBc antibodies, 336 (0.6%) for HBsAg, 506 (0.9%) for HCV antibodies, and 214 (0.4%) for HIV Ab/Ag combinations (Figure 1). Furthermore, 206 (0.4%) units reacted to HTLV antibodies, 355 (0.6%) units reacted to Treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies, and 81 (0.1%) units reacted with malaria antigens. About 349 (0.6%) units showed positive NAT. As for the NAT, the mentioned results, including HBV, HCV, and HIV, were considered confidential.

Figure 1 Prevalence of blood-borne infections. *Anti-HBc, Anti hepatitis B core; anti-HCV, anti-hepatitis C virus; HBsAg, Hepatitis B (surface)antigen; HIV Ag/Ab, human immunodeficiency antigen/antibody; anti-HTLV-I/II, anti-human T-cell lymphotropic viruses I/II; NAT, nucleic acid test; TPAb, Treponema pallidum antibody.
Figure 1

Prevalence of blood-borne infections. *Anti-HBc, Anti hepatitis B core; anti-HCV, anti-hepatitis C virus; HBsAg, Hepatitis B (surface)antigen; HIV Ag/Ab, human immunodeficiency antigen/antibody; anti-HTLV-I/II, anti-human T-cell lymphotropic viruses I/II; NAT, nucleic acid test; TPAb, Treponema pallidum antibody.

According to the study, NAT (just for HCV, HBV, and HIV) has an advantage over the serological test, which is more sensitive and accurate (Figure 2). This, in turn, has a cost and time effect as well as reducing the discarded amount of blood to a minimum.

Figure 2 Comparison between the accuracy and sensitivity of serological technique and NAT. NAT, nucleic acid test.
Figure 2

Comparison between the accuracy and sensitivity of serological technique and NAT. NAT, nucleic acid test.

3.2 Correlation between unit status and donation years

The overall correlation between unit status and the donation year showed statistical significance where p < 0.01. The data showed that rejection rates increased in 2018 by 0.53% compared to those of 2017 (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Correlation between unit status and donation years. In the figure above, there is a slight difference between 2017 and 2018, especially in the rejected units, and on the opposite side, the number of accepted units increased by 0.53%.
Figure 3

Correlation between unit status and donation years. In the figure above, there is a slight difference between 2017 and 2018, especially in the rejected units, and on the opposite side, the number of accepted units increased by 0.53%.

3.3 Correlation between transfusion reaction cases and some sociodemographic parameters

Alongside the screening of the risk of TTis, transfusion reaction cases were denoted. During the study period, there were 94 transfusion reaction cases. Of these cases, we found that the gender factor did not play a significant role, whereas 48 (51.1%) were males and 46 (48.9%) were females. While at the level of age groups, the study showed that the age group between 25 and 35 years was greatly affected (43.6%), followed by the age group between 18 and 25 years (31.9%), finally the lowest affected group was between 35 and 50 years (24.5%) (Figure 4).

Figure 4 Age distribution chart for the transfusion reaction cases. Frequency of age distribution among transfusion reactions. The age composed of three categories: age between 18 and 25 consists of 31.9%, 25–35 = 43.6%, 35–50 = 24.5%.
Figure 4

Age distribution chart for the transfusion reaction cases. Frequency of age distribution among transfusion reactions. The age composed of three categories: age between 18 and 25 consists of 31.9%, 25–35 = 43.6%, 35–50 = 24.5%.

In addition to evaluating the instances based on nationality, the study discovered the following: (45) 57.4% were Saudi, while (40) 42.6% were non-Saudi.

3.3.1 Correlation between type of reaction and gender

Among the 94 reactive instances, allergic reactions were the most common (46.81%), followed by febrile non-hemolytic reactions (28.72%), and fever (5.32%); however, 19.15% of the cases were not evaluated. Moreover, the correlation between the type of reaction and gender showed a statistical significance at p < 0.05 (Table 3).

Table 3

Correlation between type of reaction and gender

Type of reaction Gender Percent P-value
M F
Allergic 19 25 46.81 0.000
Fever 2 3 5.32
FNHTR* 18 9 28.72
NTD** 9 9 19.15

*Febrile non-hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. **Not Test Done.

3.3.2 Descriptive analysis of patients’ wards in relation to transfusion reactions

A descriptive analysis was generated to correlate the patients’ wards and transfusion reactions. The majority of transfusion reactions (67.0%) were recorded in adult and paediatric emergency departments, followed by the delivery room, obstetrics and gynaecology, and maternity (13.8), the intensive care unit, neuro-intensive care unit, and cardiac care unit (9.6%), the female and male medical wards (5.3%), surgery, tower medical, and acute kidney unit (3.2%). The lowest recorded ward reactions were from the neonatal intensive care unit and paediatric intensive care unit (1.1%) (Table 4).

Table 4

Descriptive analysis of patients’ wards in relation to transfusion reactions

Ward* Frequency Percent
PEDIA, PEDIA ER, ER 63 67.0
NICU, PICU 1 1.1
ICU, NEURO ICU, CCU 9 9.6
FMW, MMW 5 5.3
DR, OBG, MATERNITY 13 13.8
SURGERY, TWR MEDICAL, AKU 3 3.2
Total 94 100.0

*ER, emergency; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PICU, paediatric intensive care unit; ICU, intensive care unit; CCU, cardiac care unit; FMW, female medical ward; MMW, male medical ward; DR, delivery room; OBG, obstetrics and gynaecology; TWR, tower medical; AKU, acute kidney unit.

4 Discussion

In contemporary medicine, BT is a life-saving and indispensable procedure. However, TTIs are a significant burden on the world’s healthcare systems, including Saudi Arabia. To reduce patient mortality and morbidity, it is still crucial to comprehend TTIs in blood donors [9]. The main method for preventing TTIs and ensuring the safe supply of blood and blood components is laboratory testing of the blood. The study’s objectives were to find out the prevalence and trends of TTIs in the two selected hospitals as well as to build a solid idea about the most sensitive and accurate screening methods for residual TTIs. According to our findings, HBcAb was the most common TTI marker among blood donors, followed by anti-HCV. However, an earlier study conducted in Saudi Arabia showed that HBV is the most common type of TTI [21]. Multiple studies were undertaken in various Saudi Arabian locations. Similarly, a retrospective study conducted by Sarah et al. [22] in the Hail region found that 8.6% of samples reacted to HBsAgs, 8.2% reacted to HbcAbs (compared to our result, anti-Hbc = 9%), 2.2% reacted to HTLV antibodies, and 4.7% reacted to HIV antibodies. Furthermore, 1.7% of the samples tested positive for syphilis. In Taif, however, Bamaga et al. [23] discovered that 0.33% of samples reacted to HbsAgs. A study in Jeddah found a considerably higher response to HBsAgs (6.11%) [24]. Despite tremendous efforts in Saudi Arabia over the last 30 years to reduce HBV prevalence, the number of HBV-reported cases has remained constant over the last 10 years, and it remains a persistent concern [21]. As a result, other investigations in various parts of Saudi Arabia have been conducted to estimate HBcAb reactivity, such as a research conducted in Dammam by Morsi [25], which discovered HBcAb reactivity (9.15%) remarkably identical to our record (9%). Other research, on the other hand, found a greater HBcAb reactivity rate (11.5%) in Taif, whereas Mecca had the lowest anti-HBc frequency (6.7%) [23]. Outside Saudi Arabia, HBV recorded a transfusion problem in Shiraz, Iran, where the reactivity of anti-HBc was (6.55%) but it is still less than our reported result. [26]. Similarly, in Switzerland, 3.0% of donation units were reactive for anti-HBc [27]. However, in compliance with our results, the seroprevalence of anti-HBc was estimated at 8.1–10.3% in the Federal District and the Central-West region in Brazil, and the seroprevalence of HBsAg antigen was 0.19, 0.47, and 0.60% in the Northeast, Central-West, and Federal District, respectively [28]. Consistent with our results (anti-Hcv = 9%), a study in Dammam found that (0.83%) of the samples reacted to HCV antibodies [25]. On the other hand, HCV seroprevalence was reported at 0.4 and 0.41% in Riyadh and Jazan, respectively [13,29,30]. Furthermore, our findings contradicted those of Pereira et al. [31], who discovered that anti-HCV reactivity was 1.38% in the state capitals of the five macroregions and the Federal District of Brazil, but 0.68% in the Northeast and 2.10% in the North.

Regarding the variation, it has been shown by seroprevalence tests particularly for hepatitis virus B, since HBc antibody 5,318 (9%) units were more reactive than HBsAg 336 (0.6%) units. The reasons might be returned to: first, the effect of mass anti-HBV vaccination, the rising of knowledge of HBV infection believed to have played a significant role in the decreasing prevalence of HBsAg as well [32]; secondly, the presence of latent infection; finally, it is well known that anti-HBc lasts for life (in addition to the strict laws imposed on blood donors) [10].

Concerning the lower seroprevelance rate of malaria in the current study, this was also confirmed by Bashwari et al. where it was found that most cases were imported and had a history of travel [33]. The genotypic analysis (NAT) of HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA in donated blood units revealed a 0.6% prevalence rate; however, the detailed NAT result was confidential. In Islamic nations, data on HIV incidence and prevention methods are scarce [34]. In addition, when comparing the seroprevelance and NAT results of HBV, HCV, and HIV, it was found that NAT results were more accurate and sensitive since NAT has the ability to reduce the serological window period and detect the viruses in occult cases [16,18]. This is reflected in the amount of blood wasted as well as the time and cost wasted. Generally, the prevalence rate of syphilis is low, especially in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and among Middle Eastern countries. Syphilis transmission through blood donation has become very rare in the past few decades. This is due to the accurate selection process of donors, development of serological screening everywhere in the world, and the recruitment of refrigerated blood instead of fresh blood [35].

The study revealed that (0.16%) of the samples developed transfusion reactions. In addition, the most recorded reactions were allergic, fever, and FNHTR, in contrast to Yeh et al. where it was found that the most common reactions were fever, chills, pruritus, or urticaria, which disappeared immediately without certain complications or treatment [36].

This study has a few limitations. First, this study did not find nationalities for donations. Second, this study did not find accessible data on donor genders. Third, this study did not find accessible data on volunteers or replacement donors. Finally, the results of the NATs for HBV, HCV, and HIV were considered confidential.

5 Conclusions

The current study shed light on the importance of TTIs, which represent hazard determinants in spreading blood-borne infection. In addition, it urges the revision of the national screening guide to be ready for any newly emerging infection. Nowadays, it is well known that NAT is more effective for reducing these risks than serology tests. Moreover, it has been found that NATs improve test sensitivity and decrease the residual risk of TTIs more than standard serology tests. Therefore, it enhances blood safety and reduces the amount of excluded blood. As a result, the NAT should be used as a standard in Saudi Arabia when donating blood.

  1. Funding information: This study was supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R96), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and also was supported by Researchers Supporting Project (RSPD2023R655), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

  2. Author contributions: Conceptualisation: MAM and TAH; methodology: MAM, HAA, AA, SE, and TAH; validation: MAM and TAH; formal analysis: MAM, SE, and MAD; investigation: MAM, MAD, and TAH; data curation: MAM and TAH; writing – original draft preparation: MAM, SE, and TAH; writing – review and editing: MAM, MAD, FAT, SE, and TAH; visualisation: MAM and TAH supervision: MAM and TAH. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

  4. Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Ethical Research Committee of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (approval number: CAMS-032-3940).

  5. Data availability statement: The data sets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2022-12-07
Revised: 2023-05-31
Accepted: 2023-06-01
Published Online: 2023-06-16

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
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  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
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  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
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  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
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  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
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  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
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  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
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  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0351
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
transfusion-transmitted infections; prevalence; Riyadh; NAT
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
  74. A novel statistical modeling of air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic mortality data by Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial regression models with fixed and random effects
  75. Treatment activity of the injectable hydrogels loaded with dexamethasone In(iii) complex on glioma by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway
  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
  79. Novel green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Salvia rosmarinus extract for treatment of human lung cancer
  80. Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
  90. Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  172. Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview
  173. Studies on the intercalation of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide-MCPA and its controlled release mechanism as a potential green herbicide
  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
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Heruntergeladen am 30.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/chem-2022-0351/html
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