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Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand

  • Cao Tingting EMAIL logo , Zhang Haiou , Zhang Yang , Wang Yingguo , Wang Jian , Guo Zhen and Sun Xubo
Published/Copyright: October 6, 2023
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 21 Issue 1

Abstract

Aiming at the remediation of Mu Us Sandy Land, which is one of the four major sandy areas in China, the local soft rock was selected as the remediation material for sand improvement, and the soil quality changes after the compounding of soft rock and sand were analyzed. The results show that the clay minerals in the soft rock are closely cemented to each other, forming a rich pore structure with a high hydrophilic, large specific surface and interlayer space. With the treatment of 1:1 and 1:2 soft rock/sand, there are more attachments on the surface of soil particles, and most of the particles are in contact with each other. The content of polysaccharides in the compound soil after the mixture of soft rock and sand is significantly higher than that of total sand treatment. With 1:1 of soft rock/sand, the content of free ferric oxide increased gradually with the depth of the soil layer. The organic carbon content in the 0–10 and 20–30 cm soil layers showed a good change. After the addition of arsenic sandstone, the soil cementation of compound soil and the content of polysaccharides and organic carbon have been significantly changed. Soft rock is a kind of natural material conducive to the improvement of sandy soil.

Keywords: soft rock; sand; composite soil; microstructure

1 Introduction

There are various types of sandy land in China. It is an important arable land reserve resource to supplement. The Mu Us Sandy Land is one of the four major sandy areas in China, with serious sanding and fragile ecology [1]. It is a priority area for the management of China’s ecological security pattern. With the rapid economic development, the exploitation of land is increasing, and the conflict between humans and land is becoming more and more prominent [2–4]. At present, agricultural production activities in vulnerable and sensitive areas such as sandy areas have become an important measure to increase arable land resources in many parts of the world. However, the extremely poor soil permeability and nutrient retention capacity are the fundamental reasons that limit the development of agricultural production in coarse soils such as sandy lands [5]. At present, most of the land remediation projects for sandy land involve the direct bulldozing of sand dunes to form large-scale leveled arable land, and then agricultural production is carried out with the support of facility agriculture. However, this method does not improve the texture of the soil in any way and is prone to the risk of a sharp decline in groundwater resources. In the meantime, it can accelerate the mineralization of soil organic matter and reduction of nitrogen due to large-scale facility agriculture.

There have been many improvement measures for sandy soils, such as the addition of organic matter and soil conditioners. These methods can change the functional structure of microorganisms in sandy soils, thus improving the soil structure and enhancing water and nutrient retention, but high costs are incurred for widespread use [6–9]. It is difficult to form a good soil structure in sandy areas due to the lack of cementing material, and the current remediation of sandy areas is mainly based on tree planting, grass planting, and spraying of sand-fixing agents. There is a lack of new materials in large-scale sandy area remediation. Soft rock is rich in colloidal material and has a clayey texture, which gives the sandy soil good air permeability and water and fertility retention [10]. The simple process of compounding soft rock with sand is of great practical importance as it enables large-scale sand remediation to be accomplished in an engineering manner. Although this technology addresses a regional problem, it is likely to have applicability to similar semi-arid areas with sandy soils around the world.

Soil agglomerates are the basic units of soil structure and act as indicators of changes in soil quality, influencing the cycle of soil water, fertility, gas, and heat. The formation, turnover, and stabilization of natural soil agglomerates is a very complex process that results from the combined action of soil electrolyte concentrations, exchange fluid types, clay minerals, carbonates, organic matter, and iron oxides [11–13]. The content, type, and morphology of various cementing substances in soil agglomerates formed under different environments show great differences. Soft rocks with a high clay content and strong water retention ability are widely distributed in the Mu Us Desert. Studies have shown that by mixing soft rocks with wind-blown sand soil in a certain proportion, it is possible to effectively alter the soil structure and enhance its water retention ability, thereby creating improved soil suitable for crop growth. Currently, there is extensive evaluation being conducted on this type of improved soil. Some scholars have investigated the mechanism and impact of soft rocks on sand fixation and have discovered that soft rocks can effectively consolidate surface, sand particles, increase soil water content, and create favorable conditions for vegetation growth [14]. Additionally, other scholars have examined the influence of soft rocks on nitrogen and phosphorus in sandy soil, providing a foundation for plant cultivation and fertilization when using soft rocks for sand treatment [15]. The utilization of soft rocks for sand remediation has a significant impact on the soil structure, as the physical properties of soil are determined by the contact mode of soil microstructural units [16]. Therefore, the use of soft rocks aims to improve the nature of sandy soil by altering its microstructure. The influence of planting plants on sandy soil improvement also leads to significant changes in nutrient content and enzyme activity. However, existing studies have rarely explored the effects of soft rock on the microstructure and soil quality of the improved sandy soil.

In this study, the local soft rock was selected as the remediation material for sand remediation, and the microstructure and evolution of cementing material of soft rock and sand compounding soil were analyzed to investigate the stability mechanism of soft rock and sand compound into the soil.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Overview of the land remediation project

The technical means of compounding soft rock containing colloidal material into the sand and compounding it with different proportions of sand to form soil has been used in the wind–sand soil area of Yulin City, Yuyang District. This technology has led to the agglomeration of sandy soils, improved the physical properties of the tillage layer, increased water and fertility retention, and met the basic needs of crop growth. The experimental area was set up in 2010 and is shown in Figure 1. The soil texture category of the experimental area is compact sandy soil, and 12 years have passed since the current sampling period. During the planting period, potatoes and maize have been grown with good economic and ecological benefits.

Figure 1 Location of the experimental area.
Figure 1

Location of the experimental area.

2.2 Sample collection and analysis

After the maize and potato harvest, samples were collected and mixed in 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 soil layers, and each plot was mixed into one mixed sample using the five-point method. The soil samples were divided into two parts: one in situ for microstructure determination and one with plant and animal debris and large gravels removed, air-dried and ground through 0.25 mm sieves for the determination of free iron oxide and polysaccharides. The content of the particulate organic carbon (POC) was determined by the wet screen method [17]. For the determination of POC, a 20 g sample of air-dried soil with a particle size of 2 mm was weighed and placed in a 250 mL triangular bottle. Then, 60 mL of sodium hexametaphosphate solution (5 g L−1) was added, and the mixture was shaken for 10–15 min. After that, it was oscillated on a reciprocating shaker at a temperature of 18°C and a speed of 90 rpm min for 18 h. The resulting dispersion liquid was screened using a 53 μm sieve and washed with pure water to clarify the sieve water. The upper part of the sieve contained the particulate organic matter, which was separated and dried at 80°C overnight (24 h) in an aluminum box, and then weighed. The under-screened part, with particles smaller than 53 μm, represented the mineral-bound organic matter. It was dried in a water bath at 90°C and then further dried in an oven for 24 h. The percentage of each group in the total soil was calculated based on their weights. The soil particles that passed through the 53 μm sieve were ground using a 0.149 mm screen. A certain weight of the sample was taken to determine its organic carbon content, which was then multiplied by its percentage in the soil to calculate the POC content. The free iron oxide in the soil was determined by the sodium bisulfite–citrate–sodium bicarbonate extraction method [18]. The free iron oxide was extracted using the sodium dithionite-sodiumcitrate-sodium bicarbonate method (DCB) method, which involved the combination of sodium disulfite, sodium citrate, and sodium bicarbonate. The o-phenanthroline colorimetric method was employed to determine the extracted iron oxide. The DCB solution was mixed with the soil sample and heated in a water bath at 80°C while continuously stirring until the soil sample turned grey. The supernatant was separated by centrifugation, and then 100 g L−1 hydroxylamine hydrochloride, acetoacetate/sodium acetate buffer solution, and 1 g L−1 phenanthroline were added to the solution. The solution was allowed to develop color for 1.5 h at room temperature (20°C). The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 520 nm using a 1 cm colorimetric dish. The soil polysaccharide content was measured by hydrolyzing 5.0 g of each soil sample in a 100 mL triangular flask. After hydrolysis, the solution was filtered while still hot. Then, 5.0 g of CaCO3 was added to the filtrate to completely neutralize the solution. The solution was filtered again and the volume was adjusted to 100 mL. The light absorption value was determined by taking 1.0 mL of the hydrolysate in a test tube and treating it with the anthrone and sulfuric acid method at a wavelength of 620 nm [19]. The soil microstructure was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) [19]. The soil microstructure is randomly dispersed on a conductive carbon glue substrate and then captured using an electron microscope after gold spraying. The imaging parameters include a working distance of 30 mm and magnifications of 100×, 500×, 1,000×, and 2,000×.

3 Results and analysis

3.1 Analysis of the soft rock microstructure

The clay minerals in the soft rock are dominated by multi-angled, disordered wind, and dust particles. The authigenic clay in the cemented material of the soft rock is dominated by montmorillonite and green montmorillonite mixed layers, interspersed with a small amount of illite. The montmorillonite is often filamentous and dominated by calcareous montmorillonite, which is mainly distributed in intergranular cementation positions. The green montmorillonite layer is often honeycombed and distributed in the form of thin films and coverings surrounding the mineral or filling the pore space. Illite is mainly present as a clay bridge formation. The clay minerals in arsenic sandstone are closely cemented to each other, forming a rich pore structure with a high hydrophilic, large specific surface, and interlayer space. And because of the weak interlayer linkage between montmorillonite and green montmorillonite layers, they are easily swollen and have strong ion-exchange properties.

The results of SEM and energy spectrum analysis in Figure 2 show that the intergranular cementing material in the soft rock is mainly flake calcite and filamentous calcareous montmorillonite, which cement each other to form large intergranular pores within the soft rock, with a small amount of illite attached to form clay bridges between the grains. Cementation is the precipitation of minerals in the pores of clastic sediments, forming authigenic minerals and cementing the sediments into rock, which is an important factor in reducing the porosity of the reservoir. Cementation primarily clogs pores without reducing intergranular volume and creates pore channels of varying pore sizes [17]. Montmorillonite is an aluminosilicate clay mineral with a 2:1 layered structure, which is structurally represented by two silicon–oxygen tetrahedra sandwiched between a layer of aluminum–oxygen octahedra [20–22]. The charge of the montmorillonite crystal layers and the broken bonds at the edges make it negatively charged, and the resulting electrostatic gravitational force can draw polar water molecules between the layers to swell the crystals, which is a characteristic of montmorillonite.

Figure 2 SEM and energy spectrum analysis of arsenic sandstone filamentous montmorillonite.
Figure 2

SEM and energy spectrum analysis of arsenic sandstone filamentous montmorillonite.

The charge of the montmorillonite crystal layers and the broken bonds at the edges make it negatively charged, and the resulting electrostatic gravitational force draws polar water molecules between the layers, causing the crystals to swell. Water absorption and swelling are one of the characteristics of montmorillonite. The montmorillonite in soft rock is mainly filamentous calcareous montmorillonite, and the water absorption and swelling rate can be 5–15 times.

Montmorillonite in soft rock is a weathering product of feldspar, which comes from several sources. On the one hand, it is the hydrolysis and weathering of feldspar into montmorillonite. On the other hand, feldspar is hydrolyzed to kaolinite, which is converted into montmorillonite by cation adsorption under certain conditions. Furthermore, mica in soft rock can also be converted into montmorillonite by hydrolysis and weathering under certain conditions [23,24].

3.2 Analysis of pore morphology inside the soft rock

As shown in Figure 3, after observing under an SEM, the pore type of the soft rock is very rich and pore connectivity is general. The pores between the clay minerals are mainly 100–300 nm. The pore radius ranges from 50 to 400 μm, with a maximum of 500 μm, and is mostly filled with authigenic silica and clay minerals to form primary intergranular pores, intergranular solution pores, intragranular solution pores, and microfractures. Intergranular pores refer to the pores between mineral particles or crystal particles. Intergranular pores are mainly pores between mineral grains such as clay. They are mostly triangular and their size is mainly controlled by the size of the mineral grains and the degree of compaction [25]. Intra-grain pores are pores within mineral grains. They are mainly pores resulting from the dissolution of soluble minerals such as quartz, calcite, and dolomite [11,26]. Dissolved pores are irregularly shaped and developed in clusters and are characterized by curved pore walls.

Figure 3 Microstructure of the soft rock section.
Figure 3

Microstructure of the soft rock section.

3.3 Analysis of the microstructure of soft rock compounded with sand

The observation of the soil microscopic images obtained under an SEM reveals the morphology of the surface of the soil particles and the interaction between the particles. Figure 4 shows SEM images of different ratios of the compound soil after many years of planting. As can be seen in the low magnification (100 and 500×) images, there is more cemented material between the soil particles in the 1:1 soft rock/sand treatment, and as the sand content increases, the particles become dispersed and the cemented material gradually becomes less.

Figure 4 SEM images of compound soils with different proportions. (a)–(d), (e)–(h), and (i)–(l) are images of soft rock/sand at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5, respectively; (a), (e), (i), (b), (f), (j), (c), (g), (k) and (d), (h), (l) are microscopic images at magnifications of 100, 500, 1,000 and 2,000×, respectively.
Figure 4

SEM images of compound soils with different proportions. (a)–(d), (e)–(h), and (i)–(l) are images of soft rock/sand at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5, respectively; (a), (e), (i), (b), (f), (j), (c), (g), (k) and (d), (h), (l) are microscopic images at magnifications of 100, 500, 1,000 and 2,000×, respectively.

In the high magnification images (1,000 and 2,000×), in comparison to the 1:5 soft rock/sand treatment, the 1:1 and 1:2 soft rock/sand treatment has more adhering material on the surface of the soil particles. The particles are well bonded to each other with more cementing material, and the soil has good agglomeration while retaining a certain amount of pore space. Several scholars have demonstrated that the addition of soft rock to aeolian sand soil in varying proportions leads to a noticeable increase in the sand content over the years of experimentation. Furthermore, the content of silt and clay also increases. This study provides additional evidence supporting these conclusions, specifically in relation to microstructures [27,28].

3.4 Changes in polysaccharide patterns in arsenic sand compounded into soils

The soil polysaccharide content was altered by different compounding ratios. The polysaccharide content in the 1:1 and 1:2 ratios of soft rock/sand was significantly higher than that in the whole sand. The highest polysaccharide content was found in the 1:2 ratio of soft rock/sand (Figure 5), and in the 10–20 cm soil layer, the 1:2 ratio of soft rock/sand was significantly higher than in the other treatments. Among the three treatments, 1:1 and 1:2 ratios of soft rock/sand significantly increased the polysaccharide content of the soil in the 0–30 cm layer compared to the whole sand, while in the 10–20 cm layer, 1:5 ratios of soft rock/sand was close to the whole sand treatment. In the 20–30 cm layer, the highest polysaccharide content was found in the 1:1 ratio of soft rock/sand, while the lowest polysaccharide content was found in the whole sand treatment. The addition of soft rock to sandy soil increased the content of polysaccharides. This increase can be attributed to the planting of crops after the addition of soft rock [29]. Polysaccharides in sandy soil are derived from plants and microorganisms, and they get adsorbed by montmorillonite present in the soft rock. This adsorption process helps in reducing the decomposition rate of polysaccharides [30].

Figure 5 Polysaccharide content of different proportions of arsenic sandstone and sand compound soils.
Figure 5

Polysaccharide content of different proportions of arsenic sandstone and sand compound soils.

3.5 Free iron oxide variation pattern of the soft rock compounded into the soil

Figure 6 shows the free iron oxide content of each compound ratio in different soil layers. In general, the variation of the free iron oxide content gradually increased with the depth of the soil layer under the 1:1 ratio of soft rock/sand. The free iron oxide content was 2.63 times higher in the 20–30 cm than that in the 0–10 cm. This is because of agglomerate cement, which severely affects the free iron oxide content, resulting in a greater variation in the free iron oxide content with soil depth under the 1:1 ratio of soft rock/sand. The other treatments were not significantly different compared to the all-sand treatment. The content of free iron oxide in sandy soil is primarily influenced by the presence of cement in the soft rock. The impact becomes more pronounced as the proportion of the soft rock added increases [31].

Figure 6 Free iron oxide content of different proportions of soft rock/sand compound soils.
Figure 6

Free iron oxide content of different proportions of soft rock/sand compound soils.

3.6 Changes in the carbon content of the soft rock and sand compounded into soil

Soft rock and sand compound soils were studied for soil POC after crop cultivation. The results showed (Figure 7) that it was 0–10 cm (2.72 g kg−1) > 10–20 cm (2.70 g kg−1) > 20–30 cm (2.45 g kg−1). The content of soil POC did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05) in 10–20 cm soil layers. In the 0–10 cm soil layer, the 0:1 ratio of softrock/sand had the lowest POC content of 1.73 g kg−1, which was significantly increased by 74.74 and 94.90% (P < 0.05) compared to the 1:5 and 1:1 ratio of soft rock/sand. There was no significant difference between the 1:5 and 1:1 ratio of soft rock/sand (P > 0.05). In the 20–30 cm soil layer, the 1:2 ratio of soft rock/sand had the lowest POC content at 1.92 g kg−1. There were no significant differences between the other three treatments, with the 0:1, 1:5, and 1:1 ratio of soft rock/sand increasing by 46.20% (P < 0.05), 29.27% (P > 0.05), and 34.07% (P < 0.05) compared to the 1:2 ratio of soft rock/sand. The addition of soft rock can effectively enhance the soil's carbon content. This is because the soft rock provides an improved growth environment for plants, leading to the accumulation of crop root exudates over time, which in turn promotes an increase in the soil carbon content [32,33]. Consistent with previous studies, it has been found that the implementation of plant restoration measures leads to a significant increase in soil carbon content.

Figure 7 The POC content of each soil layer in different proportions of arsenic sandstone compounded with sand.
Figure 7

The POC content of each soil layer in different proportions of arsenic sandstone compounded with sand.

4 Conclusion

In this study, soft rock was used as a natural colloidal material to improve the sandy land, and soil quality changes were analyzed after the soft rock was compounded with sand. The intergranular colloidal materials in the soft rock are mainly flake calcite and filamentous calcareous montmorillonite, which are colloidal with each other and form large intergranular pores in the soft rock. A small amount of illite is also present between the grains to form clay bridges. The clay minerals in the soft rock are closely cemented to each other, forming a rich pore structure with high hydrophilicity, large specific surface, and interlayer space. It also has strong ion-exchange properties due to the weak interlayer linkage between the montmorillonite and green montmorillonite layers, which are easily swollen.

With soft rock/sand ratios of 1:1 and 1:2, there is more adherence on the surface of the soil particles. There is also more surface contact between the grains and more cementing material between the grains to bind them together well, retaining some pore space while the soil has good agglomeration. The addition of soft rock improves the soil structure of the sand and the material itself and facilitates the improvement of the soil structure of the sand.

The polysaccharide content of the compound soil of soft rock to sand was significantly higher than that in the all-sand treatment. The variation of the free iron oxide content gradually increased with the depth of the soil layer, with the 20–30 cm free iron oxide content 2.63 times higher than that of the 0–10 cm. The organic carbon content of particles in the 0–10 and 20–30 cm soil layers varied significantly, while there was no significant change in the organic carbon content of particles in the 10–20 soil layers. The addition of soft rock resulted in a significant increase in soil cementation and significant changes in the polysaccharide content and POC content of the sandy soils. In summary, soft rock is a natural material that is beneficial for sandy soil improvement, and the addition of this material has a significant improvement effect on the sandy soil structure and soil quality.

  1. Funding information: This research was funded by the Shaanxi Province Key Research Program Project (grant numbers: 2023-ZDLSF-28, 2023-ZDLNY-48, and 2022NY-082).

  2. Author contributions: Cao Tingting: experimental design and writing preparation; Zhang Haiou: experimental operation and analysis; Zhang Yang: formal analysis and investigation; Wang Yingguo: project administration; Wang Jian: supervision; Guo Zhen: data curation; and Sun Xubo: resources.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors do not have any possible conflicts of interest.

  4. Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

  5. Data availability statement: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Received: 2023-02-27
Revised: 2023-08-11
Accepted: 2023-08-24
Published Online: 2023-10-06

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
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  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
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  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
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  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
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  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
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  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
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  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
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  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
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  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
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  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
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  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
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  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
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  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
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  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
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  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
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  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
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  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2023-0119
Keywords for this article
soft rock; sand; composite soil; microstructure
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
  74. A novel statistical modeling of air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic mortality data by Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial regression models with fixed and random effects
  75. Treatment activity of the injectable hydrogels loaded with dexamethasone In(iii) complex on glioma by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway
  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
  79. Novel green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Salvia rosmarinus extract for treatment of human lung cancer
  80. Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
  90. Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  172. Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview
  173. Studies on the intercalation of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide-MCPA and its controlled release mechanism as a potential green herbicide
  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
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