Startseite Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
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Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period

  • Birsen Harma EMAIL logo und Tuğba Raika Kıran
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 20. März 2023
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 21 Heft 1

Abstract

The importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of burn injuries has been shown in various studies. Glutathione (GSH) and thiols have important roles in antioxidant protection and detoxification. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between pediatric burn trauma and GSH and thiol homeostasis. Twenty-nine children with thermal-burn injuries and 29 healthy peers are included in this prospective randomized study. Children with burn wounds of 15–25% of total body surface area (TBSA) were included in the patient group. The control group was created from healthy peers of both sexes. All children were 1–10 years of age. Serum GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), redox ratio (GSH/GSSG), and thiol–disulfide (SS) tests were conducted in both groups, and the changes between admission and day 7 were analyzed in patients with burn injuries. The mean age was 4.09 ± 2.54 years for the patient group and 4.28 ± 2.55 years for the controls (p > 0.05). Total thiol (TT), native thiol (SH), and SS levels were significantly lower in the patient group than in the controls (TT = 291.69 ± 7.93 vs 346.79 ± 18.89 μmol/L, SH = 259.39 ± 7.90 vs 297.64 ± 12.81 μmol/L, SS = 16.15 ± 4.68 vs 24.58 ± 5.76 μmol/L; p < 0.001). SH/TT ratio was higher in the patient group (89.05 ± 3.00 vs 85.93 ± 3.01 μmol/L; p < 0.001). The SS/SH and SS/TT ratios were significantly lower in the patient group, while the SH/TT ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The patients had significantly decreased GSH levels (26.12 ± 2.42 vs 34.80 ± 2.26) and GSH/GSSG ratios (1.69 ± 0.12 vs 3.05 ± 0.29) and increased GSSG levels (16.09 ± 0.34 vs 11.48 ± 1.17, p < 0.001 for all). The GSSG level and GSSG/SH and GSSG/TT ratios were higher in the patient group than in the controls while the SH, TT, and SS levels, and SS/SH and SS/TT ratios were lower in the patient group. Analysis of serum GSSG levels, and ratios with SH and TT homeostasis, might be useful in order to determine burn damage in children.

Keywords: oxidative stress; glutathione; thiol; burn; children

1 Introduction

A burn is an inflammatory condition that can affect more than just the skin. The widespread inflammatory response it triggers can result in mortality and morbidity [1,2]. Early mechanisms due to burns include a decrease in cardiac output. It can cause metabolic acidosis, hyperventilation, and respiratory alkalosis. Skin and capillary endothelial cells can be further damaged due to the activation of toxic inflammatories, proteases, and oxidants, leading to ischemic tissue damage [3]. The activation of complement and stimulation of neutrophils induce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevated histamine level stimulates the catalytic activity of xanthine oxidase, resulting in enhanced vascular permeability. Skin structures may be directly damaged by xanthine oxidase toxic byproducts such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH) [4,5]. The cause of this damage is the oxidation of membrane molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids by ROS and nitrogen species [5,6].

The glutathione reductase/glutathione peroxidase (GR/GPx) system comprising catalase and glutathione are enzymatic defenses against ROS. Tissues are protected from the effects of free radicals and lipid peroxides by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPx. Activities of SOD and GPx increase after free radical-mediated damage and lipid peroxidation [7]. One of the primary components of cellular defense systems against oxidative stress is glutathione (GSH). In the elimination of ROS, GSH plays a vital role in acting directly or interacting with GPx [8]. Usually, GR keeps the intracellular GSH/GSSG (oxidized GSH) ratio high, allowing GSH to function as an antioxidant [9,10]. Because of the excessive GSH usage during oxidative stress, intracellular GSH levels are reduced by tissue ischemia owing to burn injury [11,12].

Thiols are an essential component of the body’s antioxidants. Cell function and structure are altered if proteins lose their thiol groups. In this context, many cell alterations occur. Erel and Neselioglu [13] tested serum native thiol (SH) and total thiol (TT) levels with their developed test kit. Measuring SH/TT ratios and parameters enables the evaluation of oxidative stress equilibrium. While SH and TT levels are expected to decrease under oxidative stress, SH/TT indices are predicted to rise [13,14]. Protein activity is dependent on disulfides (SSs), a reversible byproduct of thiol oxidation. Production and decomposition of SSs are in equilibrium [14]. Several metabolic processes (apoptosis, enzyme activity, immunological response, etc.) are regulated by a thiol–SS pair through the cell’s redox state [13]. Because of the antioxidant features of the thiols, the exchange of thiol–SS expresses oxidant/antioxidant levels. While GSH represents the most prominent thiol, named redox pair, the most important thiol–SS redox buffer is reduced GSH/GSSG [14]. GSH peroxidases, GSH S-transferases, and glutaredoxins act together with GSH to detoxify ROS and electrophiles and recycle the oxidized protein thiols [15].

This research aims to determine whether oxidative stress occurs following burn injury in children and changes over the first week. To the best of our knowledge, the values of GSH and thiol levels, glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG), and thiol ratio (-SS/TT, -SS/-SH, and -SH/TT) values in pediatric burns will be discussed for the first time. It is aimed to show how the oxidant–antioxidant balances change in burn patients in the first week after trauma and to present a diagnostic parameter in pediatric burns.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Study design and setting

This prospective study was conducted on burn patients who were hospitalized in MTU Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, for 3 months, from November 2022 to January 2023. The cardinal aim of this study was to determine the GSH and thiol–SS profiles and the associated ratios of reduced to oxidized children’s burn trauma. Additionally, our secondary aim was to evaluate the modification of the thiol–SS equilibrium following burn trauma. Using the data obtained during the first week, changes in GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio, and SS/SH, SS/TT, and SH/TT ratios were measured. The Ethics Committee of the Human Clinical Researches of Malatya Turgut Ozal University (MTU) Medical Faculty (NO:2022/51) approved this study. This prospective randomized study was carried out as a single-center study in the Pediatric Burn Unit at Malatya Turgut Ozal University Training and Research Hospital.

2.2 Demographics and data collection

Fifty-eight children under 10 years of age who were admitted to MTU Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Surgery Clinic between November 2022 and January 2023 were included. There were 29 children with second-degree acute burns who were affected by 15–25% of total body surface area (TBSA) in the patient group. All cases were recorded with their age, gender, and % TBSA. Clinical wound assessments were performed by a single independent observer with more than 10 years of clinical expertise. A professional nurse collected all data. All patients were dressed with silver sulfadiazine-impregnated gauze. According to the standard protocol for treating burn patients, fluid resuscitation and analgesics (paracetamol) were administered. No antibiotic prophylaxis was given. A control group was formed with another 29 children of similar sex and age among the children who had applied for routine examination without any systemic disease. Patients who were hospitalized for more than 24 h after burn injury had a history or current hematological, metabolic, or autoimmune diseases, or burns with inhalation injuries, electrical burns, or chemical burns were not included in the study. History of any regular drug usage or any antioxidant drugs like multivitamins or vitamin C that might potentially impact the redox state was questioned and excluded.

2.3 Methods

After a detailed anamnesis and physical examination, parents were informed about the research content and signed informed consent documents were taken. Blood was drawn from burn patients within the first 6 h of injury and from their healthy peers in the control group during the participation in the study. Blood was drawn for the second time from both patient groups at the end of a week after the injury or participation date.

2.3.1 Blood samples

Blood samples were taken into a gel separator (serum) tube. Serum tubes after collection were incubated at room temperature for 30 min, allowed to coagulate, and then centrifuged at 1,200g for 10 min. After centrifugation, serum samples were divided from the tubes and micro volumes were transferred to Eppendorf tubes. After biochemical analysis, serum samples were preserved at −80°C.

2.3.2 GSH and thiol levels

On the day of analysis, the TT (RelAssay, Cat. No. RL0192, Gaziantep, Turkey), SH (RelAssay, Cat. No. RL0185, Gaziantep, Turkey), total GSH, and GSSG (Elabscience, Cat. No. E-BC-K097, Wuhan, China) levels from serum samples stored at −80°C were studied using kits based on colorimetric analysis (Cloud-CloneCorp, Cat. No. SED076Hu, China) in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. All samples were thawed at the same time after collection. Blood thiol−SS characteristics were analyzed using the technique published by Erel and Neselioğlu [13].

2.4 Statistical analysis

The normality of data was evaluated by the Shapiro–Wilk test, which was applied to evaluate the distribution of each data. While evaluating the study data, descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) were used for numerical variable. In order to compare the gender and age groupings for the patient and control groups, cross tables and test statistics of number (n), percentage (%), and chi-square (χ²) were performed. The differences between the two independent groups were analyzed using the independent samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. For analyzing the differences between the two dependent groups, dependent sample t-tests were used for normally distributed parameters, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for non-normally distributed parameters. Cut-off points for quantitative variables were determined by ROC (receiver operation characteristics) analysis.

3 Findings

3.1 Demographic characteristics of patients with burn injuries and the control group

In this study, there were 25 (43.1%) boys and 33 (56.9%) girls in the patient group. There was no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups according to gender (p > 0.05, Table 1). While the mean patient age was 4.09 ± 2.54, it was 4.28 ± 2.55 in the control group, and no statistically significant age-related difference was observed between the groups (p > 0.05). While the burn rate was below 20% in 79.3%, it was between 20 and 25% in 20.7% of the patient group.

Table 1

Comparison of the groups by gender, age, and TBSA distribution

Patient (n = 29) Control (n = 29) Total (n = 58) Test
Variable n (%) n (%) n (%) χ 2; z p
Gender Girl 16 (55.2) 17 (58.6) 33 (56.9) χ 2 = 0.070 0.791
Boy 13 (44.8) 12 (41.4) 25 (43.1)
Age (y) 1–2 12 (41.4) 11 (37.9) 23 (39.6) χ 2 = 0.801 0.849
3–4 5 (17.2) 6 (20.7) 11 (19.0)
5–6 7 (24.2) 5 (17.3) 12 (20.7)
7/older 5 (17.2) 7 (24.1) 12 (20.7)
TBSA (%) 15–20 23 (79.3) — — — —
20–25 6 (20.7) — —
Age 4.09 ± 2.54 4.28 ± 2.55 4.18 ± 2.52 z = 0.340 0.734
Mean ± SD

n: frequency; %: percent; SD: standard deviation; χ 2: Chi-square test value; z: Mann–Whitney test value; p: p value < 0.05 considered significant; TBSA (%): total body surface area percent; y: years.

3.2 Laboratory markers of burn patients and control group

In Tables 2 and 3, all individuals’ thiol–SS and GSH parameters are given. When thiol–SS profile tests of burn and control groups on day 1 blood samples were compared, SH, TT, and SS levels were found to be significantly lower in the burn group (p < 0.001). The SH/TT ratio was also significantly higher than the control group. In addition, the SS/SH and SS/TT ratios of the burn group were found to be significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001). In the burn patient serum, total GSH level and total GSH/GSSG ratio were found to be significantly lower, while GSSG levels were higher; a statistically significant difference was found between all values of the burn and control groups based on the day 1 sample (p < 0.001). When compared to the control group, an increase was observed in the GSSG/TT and GSSG/SH ratios on the day 1 sample (p < 0.001).

Table 2

Comparison of day 1 and day 7 measurement values in patient groups and day 1 values in control groups

Variables Group Day 1 Mean ± SD Day 7 Mean ± SD p**
TT (µmol/L) Patient 276.99 ± 9.59 306.39 ± 10.28 <0.001 d
Control 346.79 ± 18.89
p * <0.001 a <0.001 a
SH (µmol/L) Patient 250.24 ± 7.38 268.55 ± 12.01 <0.001 d
Control 297.64 ± 12.81
p * <0.001 a <0.001 a
SH/TT (%) Patient 90.41 ± 3.18 87.69 ± 3.79 <0.001 d
Control 85.93 ± 3.01
p * <0.001 b 0.056b
GSH (µmol/L) Patient 23.38 ± 4.20 28.86 ± 2.45 <0.001 c
Control 34.80 ± 2.26
p * <0.001 a <0.001 a
GSSG (µmol/L) Patient 18.68 ± 0.55 13.52 ± 0.29 <0.001 c
Control 11.48 ± 1.17
p * <0.001 a <0.001 a
GSH/GSSG (%) Patient 1.25 ± 0.18 2.13 ± 0.16 <0.001 c
Control 3.05 ± 0.29
p * <0.001 a <0.001 a
GSSG/TT (%) Patient 6.75 ± 0.30 4.42 ± 0.17 <0.001 d
Control 3.32 ± 0.36
p * <0.001 a <0.001 a
GSSG/SH (%) Patient 7.47 ± 0.35 5.04 ± 0.24 <0.001 c
Control 3.86 ± 0.41
p * <0.001 a <0.001 a
Dynamic SD (µmol/L) Patient 13.37 ± 4.79 18.92 ± 6.01 <0.001 d
Control 24.58 ± 5.76
p * <0.001 b = 0.001 b
Dynamic SD/TT (%) Patient 4.79 ± 1.59 6.16 ± 1.89 <0.001 d
Control 7.03 ± 1.50
p * <0.001 b = 0.056b
Dynamic SD/SH (%) Patient 5.37 ± 2.01 7.12 ± 2.47 <0.001 d
Control 8.25 ± 1.97
p * <0.001 b = 0.060b

Values are expressed as mean ± SD, p value < 0.05 considered significant. p* (Patient day 1–control day 1, Patient day 7–control day 1), p** (Patient day 1–patient day 7), a: Mann–Whitney-U test, b: Independent sample t-test, c: Wilcoxon signed rank test, d: Dependent sample t-test.

Table 3

Comparison of the mean measurement values on day 1 and day 7 of the patient group and the day 1 measurement values of the control group

Variables Patient mean ± SD Control mean ± SD p
TT (µmol/L) 291.69 ± 7.93 346.79 ± 18.89 <0.001
SH (µmol/L) 259.39 ± 7.90 297.64 ± 12.81 <0.001
SH/TT (%) 89.05 ± 3.00 85.93 ± 3.01 <0.001
GSH (µmol/L) 26.12 ± 2.42 34.80 ± 2.26 <0.001
GSSG (µmol/L) 16.09 ± 0.34 11.48 ± 1.17 <0.001
Total GSH/GSSG (%) 1.69 ± 0.12 3.05 ± 0.29 <0.001
GSSG/TT (%) 5.58 ± 0.19 3.32 ± 0.36 <0.001
GSSG/SH (%) 6.26 ± 0.25 3.86 ± 0.41 <0.001
Dynamic SD (µmol/L) 16.15 ± 4.68 24.58 ± 5.76 <0.001
Dynamic SD/TT (%) 5.47 ± 1.50 7.03 ± 1.50 <0.001
Dynamic SD/SH (%) 6.25 ± 1.95 8.25 ± 1.97 <0.001

Values are expressed as mean ± SD, p value <0.05 considered significant.

Although SH, TT, GSH, and SS levels and SS/SH, SS/TT, and total GSH/GSSG ratios were found in increasing trends, these were found to be lower than the control groups (p < 0.001) on day 7. GSSG levels and SH/TT, GSSG/TT, and GSSG/SH ratios were found in significantly decreasing trends (p < 0.001) over the week. The values of those variables were found to be higher still on day 7 than the control group.

3.3 ROC analysis

ROC analysis results are given in Table 4, and ROC curves for all analyzed parameters are given in Figures 1 and 2. According to ROC analysis results in the groups, the TT and SH level evaluation result of the area under the curve (AUC = 0.966; AUC = 0.969) was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The cut-off point of the TT variable was determined as 319.48. For TT and SH, sensitivity was 100.00% and selectivity was 96.60%. According to ROC analysis, total GSH value (AUC = 0.987) with the most valuable prediction in pediatric burns sensitivity scale was 93.10 and specificity was 100. GSSG evaluation result and AUC (0.966) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The cut-off point of the GSSG variable was determined to be 13.70, for which sensitivity was 100.00% and selectivity was 96.60% (Table 4, Figures 1 and 2).

Table 4

ROC analysis of variables in patient and control groups

Variable(s) AUC Asymptotic 95% confidence interval Cut off p Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%)
TT (S) 0.966 ± 0.034 0.899–1.000 319.48 <0.001* 100.00 96.60
SH (S) 0.969 ± 0.031 0.909–1.000 276.30 <0.001* 100.00 96.60
SH/TT (%) (L) 0.803 ± 0.061 0.683–0.922 87.18 <0.001* 82.80 72.40
Total GSH (S) 0.987 ± 0.012 0.964–1.000 31.32 <0.001* 93.10 100.00
GSSG (L) 0.966 ± 0.034 0.899–1.000 13.70 <0.001* 100.00 96.60
Total GSH/GSSG/(S) 0.998 ± 0.003 0.991–1.000 2.34 <0.001* 100.00 96.60
GSSG/TT (%) (L) 0.999 ± 0.001 0.999–1.000 5.04 <0.001* 100.00 100.00
GSSG/SH (%) (L) 0.999 ± 0.002 0.995–1.000 5.03 <0.001* 100.00 96.60
Dynamic SS (S) 0.885 ± 0.050 0.787–0.982 21.17 <0.001* 93.10 79.30
Dynamic SS/TT (%) (S) 0.803 ± 0.061 0.683–0.923 6.41 <0.001* 82.80 72.40
Dynamic SS/SH (%) (S) 0.800 ± 0.061 0.680–0.920 7.35 <0.001* 82.80 72.40

L: Larger test result indicates more positive test, S: Smaller test result indicates more positive test; * statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); AUC; area under the curve; 95% CI, confidence interval.

Figure 1 ROC curve of TT, SH, total GSH, total GSH/GSSG, dynamic SS, dynamic SS/TT (%), and dynamic SS/SH (%) variables.
Figure 1

ROC curve of TT, SH, total GSH, total GSH/GSSG, dynamic SS, dynamic SS/TT (%), and dynamic SS/SH (%) variables.

Figure 2 ROC curve of SH/TT (%), GSSG, GSSG/TT (%), and GSSG/SH (%) variables.
Figure 2

ROC curve of SH/TT (%), GSSG, GSSG/TT (%), and GSSG/SH (%) variables.

Determination of the cut-off point according to ROC analysis is shown in Figures 1 and 2.

4 Discussion

A burn injury is a significant cause of local and systemic inflammation in the body [16]. Thermal shock and oxidative stress can contribute to tissue damage following burns [17]. Oxidative stress is connected with disturbances of homeostatic balancing, and the release of free radicals causes cell and tissue damage [18]. Antioxidant and defense mechanisms resist oxidative stress while inflammation improves [19]. Oxidative stress is the process that leads to high oxidant production in pathophysiological conditions [19]. If not appropriately treated, systemic total oxidant levels are greatly elevated in burn patients, whereas systemic total antioxidant capacity levels are significantly reduced [20].

GSH is a tripeptide, which is composed of three amino acids: lysine, L-cysteine (Cys), and glycine, and works as a major cellular antioxidant [21]. An elevation in serum GSH levels signifies a rise in the cellular oxidative stress response [21]. Beiraghi-Toosi et al. examined GSH levels on day 1, day 2, and day 7 after a burn injury in adults and found that the levels decreased during the time [22]. However, the GSH/GSSG ratio increased during the 1-week follow-up, which was statistically significant, according to these results [23]. Based on our study, in the first week after the burn injury, total GSH levels increased over time compared to day 1 and day 7, while GSSG levels decreased. It was observed that the ratio of GSH/GSSG increased in the first week of the burn. Although GSH/GSSG showed an upward trend in the 1-week follow-up, it was lower than the control group.

Due to their -SH group, thiols are intracellular and extracellular non-enzymatic free-radical scavengers sensitive to oxidation. The metabolic response to oxidative stress usually changes intracellular GSH content, which is depleted by cell-protecting reactions. When the oxidant–antioxidant balance is disturbed, the reduced GSH is oxidized to the GSSG form. Reconversion to the GSH form occurs by enzymatic reduction of disulfide (GSSG) or by de novo synthesis [23,24]. GSSG levels were found to be higher than in control groups, and GSH decreased in this research. During oxidative stress, a thiol is oxidized to SS; in this process, thiol decreases oxidant levels, thus preventing oxidative stress-induced tissue damage [14,25]. In burn patients, the initial “hypodynamic” phase is mostly pro-inflammatory and characterized by increased reactive species production [26]. The second phase mostly includes an anti-inflammatory process known as the “hyperdynamic” phase [26]. In our study, GSH, TT, and SH levels and ratios of SSs to thiols decreased over time compared with control groups; these values also increased on day 7 in the patient group (Tables 2 and 3). These results reflected the acute metabolic response in pediatric burn trauma.

It is known that oxidative stress increases from physical injuries. Although many studies have shown that trauma causes an increase in ROS and a decrease in antioxidant levels [27–29], a statistical difference in TT, SH, SS, and SS/TT rate on day 2 and day 5 of children with trauma was not found [30]. The SS/SH and SS/TT ratios were substantially lower in the patient group, but the SH/TT ratio was significantly greater in children with head trauma [31]. Research by Erel and Neselioglu [13] hypothesized that the SH/SS ratio did not change in the SS direction because the trauma did not exceed the oxidative stress threshold.

According to the ROC results obtained in our study, GSSG/TT and GSSG/SH capacities (AUC = 0.999) were found to be statistically significant as the most valuable predictors in pediatric burns (p < 0.001). In our study, the sensitivity of GSSG/TT and GSSG/SH values was calculated as 100 and specificity as 100 and 96.60, respectively (Table 4, Figure 2). Increased GSSG and decreased SH levels in pediatric burn patients compared to the control group indicate intracellular oxidative stress. According to the results of this study, the intracellular GSSG/TT ratio could be a good marker in terms of sensitivity and specificity in the follow-up period of pediatric burn patients.

In this research, the increased oxidation parameters of GSH and thiols in burn patients indicated that antioxidants may be necessary to reduce oxidative stress in pediatric burn patients. Studies on oxidative stress in pediatric burn injuries are limited, and this research may contribute new data to the literature on this subject.

5 Conclusion

In this study, we researched the changes in the oxidative stress process in middle-grade burns in a week period. The GSSG level and GSSG/SH and GSSG/TT ratio were higher in the patient group than in the controls while the SH, TT, and SS levels, and SS/SH and SS/TT ratios were lower in the patient group. Analysis of serum GSSG levels, and ratios with SH and TT homeostasis, might be useful in order to determine the burn damage in children. Additionally, antioxidants can be studied topically or as a dressing for burn treatment in children. Since the compensatory mechanism and regeneration rate are higher in children, the need for antioxidants while treating pediatric burns might be discussed again and investigated with more comprehensive studies.

6 Limitations

Because the oxidative stress after burn injury begins immediately, the first samples were taken as soon as possible. Patients admitted to the hospital within 6 h of burn trauma were included in the study. Because wide exclusion criteria were established to make certain of the normal health status of the subjects enrolled in this study, the number of total cases remained limited. Despite a wide spectrum of exclusion criteria any undetected factor that might affect the results is still not to be ruled out.

  1. Funding information: This work was not supported by any funding.

  2. Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

  4. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Malatya Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (no: 2022/51).

  5. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all individual participants included in the study.

  6. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-02-08
Revised: 2023-02-23
Accepted: 2023-02-23
Published Online: 2023-03-20

© 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
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  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
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  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
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  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
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  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
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  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
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  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0298
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
oxidative stress; glutathione; thiol; burn; children
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  2. Regular Articles
  3. A network-based correlation research between element electronegativity and node importance
  4. Pomegranate attenuates kidney injury in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress
  5. Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
  6. Responses of feldspathic sandstone and sand-reconstituted soil C and N to freeze–thaw cycles
  7. Robust fractional control based on high gain observers design (RNFC) for a Spirulina maxima culture interfaced with an advanced oxidation process
  8. Study on arsenic speciation and redistribution mechanism in Lonicera japonica plants via synchrotron techniques
  9. Optimization of machining Nilo 36 superalloy parameters in turning operation
  10. Vacuum impregnation pre-treatment: A novel method for incorporating mono- and divalent cations into potato strips to reduce the acrylamide formation in French fries
  11. Characterization of effective constituents in Acanthopanax senticosus fruit for blood deficiency syndrome based on the chinmedomics strategy
  12. Comparative analysis of the metabolites in Pinellia ternata from two producing regions using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry
  13. The assessment of environmental parameter along the desalination plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  14. Effects of harpin and carbendazim on antioxidant accumulation in young jujube leaves
  15. The effects of in ovo injected with sodium borate on hatching performance and small intestine morphology in broiler chicks
  16. Optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness via ANOVA and grey relational analysis in machining of In718
  17. Essential oils of Origanum compactum Benth: Chemical characterization, in vitro, in silico, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities
  18. Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields
  19. Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2–WO3–GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3–GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range
  20. Comparison between the CIDR or sponge with hormone injection to induce estrus synchronization for twining and sex preselection in Naimi sheep
  21. Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
  22. Psoralea corylifolia (babchi) seeds enhance proliferation of normal human cultured melanocytes: GC–MS profiling and biological investigation
  23. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid
  24. Comparative study between supported bimetallic catalysts for nitrate remediation in water
  25. Persicaline, an alkaloid from Salvadora persica, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
  26. Determination of nicotine content in locally produced smokeless tobacco (Shammah) samples from Jazan region of Saudi Arabia using a convenient HPLC-MS/MS method
  27. Changes in oxidative stress markers in pediatric burn injury over a 1-week period
  28. Integrated geophysical techniques applied for petroleum basins structural characterization in the central part of the Western Desert, Egypt
  29. The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses
  30. Microwave and Cs+-assisted chemo selective reaction protocol for synthesizing 2-styryl quinoline biorelevant molecules
  31. Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels
  32. Effect of Moringa oleifera on serum YKL-40 level: In vivo rat periodontitis model
  33. Investigating the impact of CO2 emissions on the COVID-19 pandemic by generalized linear mixed model approach with inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions
  34. Influence of WO3 content on gamma rays attenuation characteristics of phosphate glasses at low energy range
  35. Study on CO2 absorption performance of ternary DES formed based on DEA as promoting factor
  36. Performance analyses of detonation engine cogeneration cycles
  37. Sterols from Centaurea pumilio L. with cell proliferative activity: In vitro and in silico studies
  38. Untargeted metabolomics revealing changes in aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco
  39. Effect of pumpkin enriched with calcium lactate on iron status in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis
  40. Energy consumption, mechanical and metallographic properties of cryogenically treated tool steels
  41. Optimization of ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction of total phenols from Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology
  42. Harpin enhances antioxidant nutrient accumulation and decreases enzymatic browning in stored soybean sprouts
  43. Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol
  44. Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
  45. Anti-Alzheimer, antioxidants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase effects of Taverniera glabra mediated ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
  46. Experimental study on photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of ZnS/CdS-TiO2 nanotube array thin films
  47. Epoxy-reinforced heavy metal oxides for gamma ray shielding purposes
  48. Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruits: As a medicinal plant rich in human health-promoting compounds
  49. Promising antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from fruits of Juniperus thurifera: In vitro and in silico investigations
  50. Chloramine-T-induced oxidation of Rizatriptan Benzoate: An integral chemical and spectroscopic study of products, mechanisms and kinetics
  51. Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chemically profiled essential oils extracted from Juniperus phoenicea (L.) by use of in vitro and in silico approaches
  52. Screening and characterization of fungal taxol-producing endophytic fungi for evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities
  53. Mineral composition, principal polyphenolic components, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties of Cytisus villosus Pourr leaf extracts
  54. In vitro antiproliferative efficacy of Annona muricata seed and fruit extracts on several cancer cell lines
  55. An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
  56. Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study
  57. Computational and experimental investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of Nicotiana tabacum extracts
  58. Reinforcement of cementitious mortars with hemp fibers and shives
  59. X-ray shielding properties of bismuth-borate glass doped with rare earth ions
  60. Green supported silver nanoparticles over modified reduced graphene oxide: Investigation of its antioxidant and anti-ovarian cancer effects
  61. Orthogonal synthesis of a versatile building block for dual functionalization of targeting vectors
  62. Thymbra spicata leaf extract driven biogenic synthesis of Au/Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its bio-application in the treatment of different types of leukemia
  63. The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O–Pb3O4–SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study
  64. A stimuli-responsive in situ spray hydrogel co-loaded with naringenin and gentamicin for chronic wounds
  65. Assessment of the impact of γ-irradiation on the piperine content and microbial quality of black pepper
  66. Antioxidant, sensory, and functional properties of low-alcoholic IPA beer with Pinus sylvestris L. shoots addition fermented using unconventional yeast
  67. Screening and optimization of extracellular pectinase produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SH7
  68. Determination of polyphenols in Chinese jujube using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
  69. Synergistic effects of harpin and NaCl in determining soybean sprout quality under non-sterile conditions
  70. Field evaluation of different eco-friendly alternative control methods against Panonychus citri [Acari: Tetranychidae] spider mite and its predators in citrus orchards
  71. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles
  72. NaCl regulates goldfish growth and survival at three food supply levels under hypoxia
  73. An exploration of the physical, optical, mechanical, and radiation shielding properties of PbO–MgO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses
  74. A novel statistical modeling of air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic mortality data by Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial regression models with fixed and random effects
  75. Treatment activity of the injectable hydrogels loaded with dexamethasone In(iii) complex on glioma by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway
  76. An alternative approach for the excess lifetime cancer risk and prediction of radiological parameters
  77. Panax ginseng leaf aqueous extract mediated green synthesis of AgNPs under ultrasound condition and investigation of its anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects
  78. Study of hydrolysis and production of instant ginger (Zingiber officinale) tea
  79. Novel green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Salvia rosmarinus extract for treatment of human lung cancer
  80. Evaluation of second trimester plasma lipoxin A4, VEGFR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
  81. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of ortho- and para-substituted Schiff bases derived from metformin hydrochloride: Validation by molecular docking and in silico ADME studies
  82. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiglaucoma, and anticholinergic effects of Tayfi grape (Vitis vinifera): A phytochemical screening by LC-MS/MS analysis
  83. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl CoA desaturase gene and its association with milk quality traits in Najdi sheep
  84. Cold-acclimation effect on cadmium absorption and biosynthesis of polyphenolics, and free proline and photosynthetic pigments in Spirogyra aequinoctialis
  85. Analysis of secondary metabolites in Xinjiang Morus nigra leaves using different extraction methods with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS technology
  86. Nanoarchitectonics and performance evaluation of a Fe3O4-stabilized Pickering emulsion-type differential pressure plugging agent
  87. Investigating pyrolysis characteristics of Shengdong coal through Py-GC/MS
  88. Extraction, phytochemical characterization, and antifungal activity of Salvia rosmarinus extract
  89. Introducing a novel and natural antibiotic for the treatment of oral pathogens: Abelmoschus esculentus green-formulated silver nanoparticles
  90. Optimization of gallic acid-enriched ultrasonic-assisted extraction from mango peels
  91. Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
  92. Combinatory in silico investigation for potential inhibitors from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škorničk. & N.S. Lý volatile phytoconstituents against influenza A hemagglutinin, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and Omicron-variant spike protein
  93. Physical, mechanical, and gamma ray shielding properties of the Bi2O3–BaO–B2O3–ZnO–As2O3–MgO–Na2O glass system
  94. Twofold interpenetrated 3D Cd(ii) complex: Crystal structure and luminescent property
  95. Study on the microstructure and soil quality variation of composite soil with soft rock and sand
  96. Ancient spring waters still emerging and accessible in the Roman Forum area: Chemical–physical and microbiological characterization
  97. Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from scales of Mexican Biajaiba fish
  98. Finding small molecular compounds to decrease trimethylamine oxide levels in atherosclerosis by virtual screening
  99. Prefatory in silico studies and in vitro insecticidal effect of Nigella sativa (L.) essential oil and its active compound (carvacrol) against the Callosobruchus maculatus adults (Fab), a major pest of chickpea
  100. Polymerized methyl imidazole silver bromide (CH3C6H5AgBr)6: Synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic activity
  101. Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
  102. Influence of the addition of WO3 on TeO2–Na2O glass systems in view of the feature of mechanical, optical, and photon attenuation
  103. Naringin ameliorates 5-fluorouracil elicited neurotoxicity by curtailing oxidative stress and iNOS/NF-ĸB/caspase-3 pathway
  104. GC-MS profile of extracts of an endophytic fungus Alternaria and evaluation of its anticancer and antibacterial potentialities
  105. Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles
  106. Determination of caffeine content in coffee drinks prepared in some coffee shops in the local market in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
  107. A new 3D supramolecular Cu(ii) framework: Crystal structure and photocatalytic characteristics
  108. Bordeaux mixture accelerates ripening, delays senescence, and promotes metabolite accumulation in jujube fruit
  109. Important application value of injectable hydrogels loaded with omeprazole Schiff base complex in the treatment of pancreatitis
  110. Color tunable benzothiadiazole-based small molecules for lightening applications
  111. Investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite-modified barium titanate composites for biomedical applications
  112. Metal gel particles loaded with epidermal cell growth factor promote skin wound repair mechanism by regulating miRNA
  113. In vitro exploration of Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) mushroom fruiting bodies: Potential antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent
  114. Alteration in the molecular structure of the adenine base exposed to gamma irradiation: An ESR study
  115. Comprehensive study of optical, thermal, and gamma-ray shielding properties of Bi2O3–ZnO–PbO–B2O3 glasses
  116. Lewis acids as co-catalysts in Pd-based catalyzed systems of the octene-1 hydroethoxycarbonylation reaction
  117. Synthesis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, thermal, and selective α-glucosidase inhibitory studies of Schiff base transition metal complexes
  118. Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat
  119. Effects of green decorated AgNPs on lignin-modified magnetic nanoparticles mediated by Cydonia on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
  120. Treatment of gastric cancer by green mediated silver nanoparticles using Pistacia atlantica bark aqueous extract
  121. Preparation of newly developed porcelain ceramics containing WO3 nanoparticles for radiation shielding applications
  122. Utilization of computational methods for the identification of new natural inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in inflammation therapy
  123. Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
  124. Clay-based bricks’ rich illite mineral for gamma-ray shielding applications: An experimental evaluation of the effect of pressure rates on gamma-ray attenuation parameters
  125. Stability kinetics of orevactaene pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum in solid-state fermentation
  126. Treatment of denture stomatitis using iron nanoparticles green-synthesized by Silybum marianum extract
  127. Characterization and antioxidant potential of white mustard (Brassica hirta) leaf extract and stabilization of sunflower oil
  128. Characteristics of Langmuir monomolecular monolayers formed by the novel oil blends
  129. Strategies for optimizing the single GdSrFeO4 phase synthesis
  130. Oleic acid and linoleic acid nanosomes boost immunity and provoke cell death via the upregulation of beta-defensin-4 at genetic and epigenetic levels
  131. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Bombax ceiba roots: A comprehensive study of chemical composition, heavy metal content, antibacterial activity, and in silico analysis
  132. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extract and investigation of its anti-human colorectal cancer application
  133. The adsorption of naproxen on adsorbents obtained from pepper stalk extract by green synthesis
  134. Treatment of gastric cancer by silver nanoparticles encapsulated by chitosan polymers mediated by Pistacia atlantica extract under ultrasound condition
  135. In vitro protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Capparis spinosa and its flavonoids profile
  136. Wear and corrosion behavior of TiC and WC coatings deposited on high-speed steels by electro-spark deposition
  137. Therapeutic effects of green-formulated gold nanoparticles by Origanum majorana on spinal cord injury in rats
  138. Melanin antibacterial activity of two new strains, SN1 and SN2, of Exophiala phaeomuriformis against five human pathogens
  139. Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
  140. Review Articles
  141. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management
  142. A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
  143. Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
  144. Eco-friendly green approach of nickel oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
  145. Advances in the pharmaceutical research of curcumin for oral administration
  146. Rapid Communication
  147. Determination of the contents of bioactive compounds in St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum): Comparison of commercial and wild samples
  148. Retraction
  149. Retraction of “Two mixed-ligand coordination polymers based on 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and flexible N-donor ligands: The protective effect on periodontitis via reducing the release of IL-1β and TNF-α”
  150. Topical Issue on Phytochemicals, biological and toxicological analysis of aromatic medicinal plants
  151. Anti-plasmodial potential of selected medicinal plants and a compound Atropine isolated from Eucalyptus obliqua
  152. Anthocyanin extract from black rice attenuates chronic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model by modulating the gut microbiota
  153. Evaluation of antibiofilm and cytotoxicity effect of Rumex vesicarius methanol extract
  154. Chemical compositions of Litsea umbellata and inhibition activities
  155. Green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Rhynchosia capitata leaf extract and their biological activities
  156. GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activities of some plants belonging to the genus Euphorbia on selected bacterial isolates
  157. The abrogative effect of propolis on acrylamide-induced toxicity in male albino rats: Histological study
  158. A phytoconstituent 6-aminoflavone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress mediated synapse and memory dysfunction via p-Akt/NF-kB pathway in albino mice
  159. Anti-diabetic potentials of Sorbaria tomentosa Lindl. Rehder: Phytochemistry (GC-MS analysis), α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory, in vivo hypoglycemic, and biochemical analysis
  160. Assessment of cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of the Cassia angustifolia aqueous extract against SW480 colon cancer
  161. Biochemical analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial efficacy of the bee propolis extract (Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera) against Staphylococcus aureus-induced infection in BALB/c mice: In vitro and in vivo study
  162. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods
  163. Two new compounds from leaves of Capparis dongvanensis (Sy, B. H. Quang & D. V. Hai) and inhibition activities
  164. Hydroxyquinoline sulfanilamide ameliorates STZ-induced hyperglycemia-mediated amyleoid beta burden and memory impairment in adult mice
  165. An automated reading of semi-quantitative hemagglutination results in microplates: Micro-assay for plant lectins
  166. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
  167. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of the Pithecellobium dulce seed extract in colorectal cancer cells
  168. Impact of climatic disturbances on the chemical compositions and metabolites of Salvia officinalis
  169. Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
  170. Phytochemical analysis and antifungal efficiency of Origanum majorana extracts against some phytopathogenic fungi causing tomato damping-off diseases
  171. Special Issue on 4th IC3PE
  172. Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview
  173. Studies on the intercalation of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide-MCPA and its controlled release mechanism as a potential green herbicide
  174. Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation
  175. Exploring anticancer activity of the Indonesian guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) fraction on various human cancer cell lines in an in vitro cell-based approach
  176. The comparison of gold extraction methods from the rock using thiourea and thiosulfate
  177. Special Issue on Marine environmental sciences and significance of the multidisciplinary approaches
  178. Sorption of alkylphenols and estrogens on microplastics in marine conditions
  179. Cytotoxic ketosteroids from the Red Sea soft coral Dendronephthya sp.
  180. Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
  181. Characteristics, source, and health risk assessment of aerosol polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the rural and urban regions of western Saudi Arabia
  182. Special Issue on Advanced Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biological Applications - Part II
  183. Green synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles produced by marine fungal species Periconia prolifica
  184. Combustion-mediated sol–gel preparation of cobalt-doped ZnO nanohybrids for the degradation of acid red and antibacterial performance
  185. Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes
  186. Evaluation and chemical characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi associated with the ethnomedicinal plant Bergenia ciliata
  187. Enhancing photovoltaic efficiency with SQI-Br and SQI-I sensitizers: A comparative analysis
  188. Nanostructured p-PbS/p-CuO sulfide/oxide bilayer heterojunction as a promising photoelectrode for hydrogen gas generation
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Heruntergeladen am 30.9.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/chem-2022-0298/html
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