Startseite Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
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Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs

  • Xiao-Hang Zou , Si-Wei Zhao , Ji-Guo Zhang , Hui-Liang Sun , Qing-Jiang Pan EMAIL logo und Yuan-Ru Guo EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 25. September 2019
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 17 Heft 1

Abstract

The ZnO/Ag/cellulose composite (ZAC) with excellent photocatalytic activity of degrading benzene and phenol in VOCs has been successfully synthesized. EDS, TEM, XPS and UV-vis analyses show that the ZAC is a ternary composite. It is composed of Ag, ZnO and cellulose, where the cellulose works as the substrate to anchor the other two components. The X-ray diffraction patterns find well-crystallized ZnO nanoparticles. Multiple PL peaks in the visible region measured for ZAC, imply rich defects on ZnO. It is observed that Ag nanoparticles are mainly attached on ZnO in the composite, which would raise the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes. Photocatalytic degradation shows that ZAC is able to decompose almost 100% phenol and 19% benzene in VOCs under UV light irradiation (6 W) which is almost no harm to human body. Due to the renewable cellulose, our ternary composite ZAC imparts low-cost, easily recycled and flexible merits, which might be applied in the indoor VOCs treatment.

Keywords: Biomaterial composite; ZnO; Degradation; Environmentally benign; VOCs

1 Introduction

As major organic pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) cause great concern due to their adverse effects on human health. According to previous studies, VOCs can induce cancer, respiratory diseases and other long term health risks, which are closely related to mortality and morbidity [1]. Especially to indoor air, the VOCs that escaped from adhesive in furniture or floors are harmful to human health. To solve this issue, many physical and chemical methods have been proposed and studied, such as biofilters, adsorption, catalytic oxidation and ozonation [2]. However, an effective, low-cost, nontoxic and non-secondary pollution method for indoor-air cleaning still remains challenging for scientists.

In the past decades, ZnO has been widely studied because of its great potential in nano-device research [3, 4, 5]. ZnO has a 3.37 eV band gap and large exciton binding energy, which enables it to possess good physical and chemical properties [6]. It is a promising material for fabricating photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells and photocatalysts [7, 8, 9, 10]. Due to the characteristics of ZnO nanostructures, impurities or quantum dots like graphene can be added to enhance the photoelectric and photocatalytic properties [11]. In addition, noble metal nanoparticles have been incorporated with ZnO to form Schottky heterojunctions. Because the surface plasmon resonance of precious metals matches ZnO nanoparticles, the photoelectric properties are greatly improved. In Ag/ZnO composites, Ag can be used as an electron acceptor, which can effectively capture electrons, promote the separation of light-generated electrons and holes, and, effectively, improve the photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO [12,13]. Due to this advatange, many researchers have investigated Ag/ZnO for its potential applications as an antibacterial, water-purifying reagent or ultraviolet photodetector [14, 15, 16]. However, controlling the synthesis of Ag/ZnO with the desired performance is still a problematic problem to solve [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23].

Cellulose, as a regenerated bioresource, has been widely studied in recent years. As assembles of microfibers with full of hydroxyl groups, it is easy to combine with other materials via hydrogen bonding. Although normal cellulose does not process functional photo/electrochemical property, it has many other advantages, such as: cheapness, natural reproduction, easy recovery and easy-processing. These advantages make cellulose a good substrate candidate for preparing cellulose-based composites. Thus, cellulose composite has attracted extensive attention of researchers and many related works have been reported [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29].

In this work, we used ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize the ZnO/Ag/cellulose (ZAC) composite. The results indicate that the ZAC possesses the enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with ZnO/cellulose [30]. The photocatalytic property of degrading benzene, phenol and their derivatives were fully studied. It is shown that our ZAC composite may be a promising material in cleaning the indoor air.

2 Experimental

2.1 Materials

The source materials, such as, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3COOH)2·2H2O) were bought from Tianjin Yongda Chemical Reagent Company Limited and Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Company Limited, respectively. Coniferous filter paper was used as source of cellulose, which was bought from Hangzhou Special Paper Company Limited. AgNO3, NaBH4 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were bought from Tianjin Tiangan Chemical Technology Development co., LTD, TianJin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Company Limited and Shanghai Qiangshun Chemical Reagent Company Limited, respectively.

2.2 Preparation of cellulose@ZnO

Cellulose@ZnO composite was prepared by the hydrothermal method used in previous research [30]. 3.0 g zinc acetate and 1.0 g cellulose were dissolved in 25 mL distilled water. After stirred vigorously for 1 hour, the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 8~12 using 1 mol∙L-1 sodium hydroxide solution. The white cellulose suspension was obtained after 1h stirring. Then, the cellulose suspension was put into a 100 mL steel autoclave and heated at 100⍰ for ten hours. The white turbid liquid was filtered after being cooled to room temperature, and the white products were collected. ZnO/cellulose composite paper was obtained after being dried at 80⍰.

2.3 Preparation of ZnO/Ag/cellulose

0.08 g of PVP was dissolved in 60 mL distilled water and then added 8 mL of 6 mmol∙L-1AgNO3. After stirring for 20 min, 60 mL 0.008 mol∙L-1 of NaBH4 solution was added into mixed solution slowly. After 2 hours of stirring, the yellow Ag solution was obtained.

0.1 g of ZnO/cellulose was added into 15 mL of Ag solution under nitrogen protection for 5 min and stirred 30 min later. After 20 min of ultrasonic concussion treatment, the mixed solution was heated in a water bath at 60⍰ for 30 min. The final products were obtained after filtration, drying and washing with deionized water. According to the pH value during preparation of ZnO/cellulose, the ternary composites of ZnO/Ag/cellulose were named as ZAC-8, ZAC-9, ZAC-10 and ZAC-12, respectively.

2.4 Characterization

The crystallinity and purity of the ZnO was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD; Rigaku D/Max-RC, Tokyo, Japan). The data were recorded using Cu Kα radiation (wavelength of 1.5418 Å) and working at 40 mA and 40 kV with a scan rate of 4°/min. The morphology of the ZnO was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, S-4800，Hitachi, Ltd.⍰Chiyoda-ku，Japan). And the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM; JEM-2100, JEOL, Japan) was, also, performed to study the construction of components in ZAC. Photoluminescence study was recorded on a Perkin Elmer fluorescence spectrophotometer (U.K.) at room temperature. The excitation wavelength is 355 nm, the Ex slit was 10.0 nm and the scan speed was 1200 nm/min. The elemental analysis and the binding energy were studied by XPS (K-Alpha, Thermofisher Scientific Company, US).

The photocatalytic activity of prepared ZAC was tested by degrading methylene blue (MB). In a typical experiment, 0.05 g ZAC was put into 80 mL MB solution (20 mg·L-1) to form a suspension. Stirring handling was kept in the whole process unless otherwise noted. Then, the suspension was retained in the dark for 30 min to achieve the absorption–desorption equilibrium. Later on, the suspension was exposed to the UV irradiation (YZ-GHX-A, 300W, Shanghai Jingmi Instrument Co. Ltd.) under ambient conditions. In order to evaluate the degradation efficiency, the suspension was sampled and analyzed every 30 min. The degradation was measured by recording variations at the maximum absorption around λ=664 nm using UV–vis spectrophotometer at a definite time interval (TU-1901, Beijing Purkinje Genral Instrument Co. LTD, China).

The photocatalytic properties were also explored by phenol, benzene and their derivatives. A larix gmelinii wood sample (150×100×20 mm) was brushed with urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (UF). For the photocatalytic experiment, the wood sample with UF was put into a sealed vessel with 0.1 g ZAC, and then irradiated by UV light (245nm, 6 W). After 24 hours irradiation, the air sample was analyzed by DSQII GC-MS (USA, Thermo Co. LTD). A control experiment was also carried out without ZAC and UV irradiation.

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 XRD analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis has been used to identify the crystal structure of ZAC. The XRD plots of cellulose, sintered ZnO and ZAC-12 are shown in Figure1. As we can

Figure 1 XRD plots of cellulose, sintered ZnO and ZAC-12.
Figure 1

XRD plots of cellulose, sintered ZnO and ZAC-12.

see from Figure1, the diffraction peaks at 15.04°, 16.16° and 22.87° are identified to (101), (110) and (002) lattice planes of cellulose I. Diffraction peaks at 31.94°, 34.50°, 36.37°, 47.67°, 56.62°, 62.90° and 67.94° belong to the (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), and (112) crystalline planes of ZnO. Those peaks match perfectly to the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO (JCPDS No. 36-1451) which indicates the existence of ZnO in composite. Compared to sintered ZnO and cellulose, only diffraction peaks of ZnO and cellulose are observed in the composite, which gives the evidence that there is no other impurity in the ZnO/Ag/cellulose composite. Due to the trance content of Ag in composite, there is no diffraction peaks of Ag could be found in the XRD plot.

3.2 FE-SEM, TEM and EDS analysis

SEM has been used to characterize the morphology of ZAC composite. The morphology of all ZAC composites are shown as the cellulose fiber-assembles, to which ZnO particles are attached (Figure 2). The contents and the morphology of ZnO particles on cellulose are dependent on the pH of the synthesizing solution. In low pH conditions, small ZnO particles are found on the surface of cellulose (Figure 2a-c); increase the pH to 12, ZnO microparticles about 300 nm length and 50 nm width are observed (Figure 2d). According to a previous study, ZnO nanoparticles with certain sizes are easily to self-assemble with cellulose [30]. However, in this study, we didn’t find the same size ZnO nanoparticles on prepared cellulose composite. This was caused by the ultrasonic concussion treatment during the process of introducing Ag into the composite. Since the interaction between the ZnO and cellulose is hydrogen bonding, it is possible that ZnO would fall off from the cellulose during ultrasonic concussion.

Figure 2 SEM images of ZAC composite samples (a) ZAC-8, (b) ZAC- 9, (c) ZAC-10, (d) ZAC-12, (e) pure cellulose and f) EDS of ZAC-12.
Figure 2

SEM images of ZAC composite samples (a) ZAC-8, (b) ZAC- 9, (c) ZAC-10, (d) ZAC-12, (e) pure cellulose and f) EDS of ZAC-12.

EDS has also been applied to analyze the components of composite. According to Figure 2f, both ZnO and Ag are found in the cellulose composite, which indicated that ternary composite of ZAC have been successfully fabricated by our method.

To fully understand the microstructure of composite, TEM images of ZAC-12 is shown in Figure 3. From Figure 3a and b, we can see the Ag nanoparticles about 5 nm adhere on ZnO microparticles. The crystal inter planar spacing is 0.23 nm (Figure 3c and d), which was attributed to the (111) planar spacing of Ag nanoparticles [31]. 0.16 nm is attributed to the (002) planar spacing of ZnO [32]. The TEM images also give the evidence that Ag nanoparticles can bind with ZnO.

Figure 3 TEM images of ZAC-12 (a and b), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images (c and d).
Figure 3

TEM images of ZAC-12 (a and b), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images (c and d).

3.3 XPS analysis

Figure4 are the XPS spectra of ZAC-12. From Figure 4a, one can see the spectrum of C 1s region. C 1s shows three peaks centering at 284.2 eV, 285.8 eV and 287.4 eV. The peak at 284.2 eV was corresponding to the carbon of alkyl (C−C/C−H, absorbed) in cellulose [33]. And the peak at 285.8 eV corresponds to the hydroxyl groups (C−OH) in cellulose [34,35]. And the peak at 287.4 eV can be attributed to C− O−C of cellulose [35]. The high resolution XPS spectrum for the O 1s region is shown in Figure 4b. The peak attributed to the O atom of ZnO is observed at 530.3 eV [36]. And the peak at 532.0 eV is the oxygen of hydroxyl groups (C−OH) in cellulose [37,38]. The binding energies at 368.0 eV and 374.1 eV are corresponding to Ag3d5/2 and Ag3d3/2 in Figure 4c [39,40]. The binding energies of Zn 2p3/2 and Zn 2p1/2 is shown in Figure 4d, which determined to be 1021.5 eV and 1044.5 eV, and the peak separation distance between them was 23.0 eV [41]. The XPS gives the evidence that ZAC composite has been successfully prepared by our method.

Figure 4 XPS of ZAC-12, C1s (a), O1s (b), Ag 3d (c) and Zn 2p (d).
Figure 4

XPS of ZAC-12, C1s (a), O1s (b), Ag 3d (c) and Zn 2p (d).

3.4 Photocatalytic activity analysis

The photocatalytic activity of ZAC have been evaluated by both MB in solution and VOCs in air. MB degradation results are shown in Figure5. After 2.5 h, the degradation rates are more than 95% by ZAC. And ZAC-12 has the highest degradation efficiency of 99.5%, which is much higher than that of ZnO/cellulose (86.91%). This result indicates that ZAC composite possesses better photocatalytic activity after combination with Ag. Since Ag nanoparticles coated on the surface of ZnO, it would prefer to separate the electron and holes of ZnO, thus enhance the catalytic of ZAC. At the same time, photoluminescence (PL, Figure 5b) of ZAC-12 analysis show that there are three peaks in the visible region located at 468, 487 and 533 nm, which indicates that ZAC-12 has many defects. These defects would be beneficial to improve the photocatalytic property of ZAC-12 as well.

Figure 5 Photocatalytic activity of ZAC composite evaluated by MB (a), PL spectrum of ZAC-12 (b), degradation of benzene, phenol and derivatives by ZAC (c and d).
Figure 5

Photocatalytic activity of ZAC composite evaluated by MB (a), PL spectrum of ZAC-12 (b), degradation of benzene, phenol and derivatives by ZAC (c and d).

To understand the process, we further analyzed the photocatalytic reaction of ZAC with the first order kinetic equation ln(C0/C)=Kt. The fitting analysis shows that the photocatalytic reaction is the first-order kinetic reaction (R>0.99). The rate constant K of ZAC-8, ZAC-9, ZAC-10 and ZAC-12 is 1.53, 1.176, 1.17 and 2.56 h-1, respectively. ZAC-12 has the largest K value, which indicates that ZAC-12 has the best photocatalytic performance.

According to its good photocatalytic property on MB, the degradation on benzene and phenol and their derivatives, which were volatilized by wood furniture, have been carried in a sealed environment. At the same time, a blank experiment was carried out as reference without using ZAC and irradiation. The results are shown in Figure 5c. From the Figure 5c, we can see that ZAC shows very good photocatalytic property on degradation of benzene and its derivatives. It can degrade styrene totally (100% degradation efficiency), and the degradation efficiency of benzene is also achieved to 19.7% in 24 hours. As to methyl benzene, ethyl benzene and biphenyl, the degradation efficiency is a little bit lower, which range from 8.4~15.8%.

And at the same time, ZAC shows excellent property on degradation of phenol compounds, as can been seen in Figure 5d. This result shows ZAC can degraded almost 100% of phenol, p-hydroxybiphenyl and o-hydroxybiphenyland. Especially to o-hydroxybiphenyl, which has high concentration of 359 μg·m-3 in the blank experiment, is degraded by efficiency of 97.1%.

To achieve such good property, we deduce that the ternary components in ZAC has a synergistic effect, as seen in scheme 1. Cellulose plays an important role.

Scheme 1 Photocatalytically degrading phenol and benzene by ZAC.
Scheme 1

Photocatalytically degrading phenol and benzene by ZAC.

First, cellulose works as a substrate, which would guide the formation of ZnO on one hand, and endow ZAC the easy- shaping character. At the same time, it can adsorb the benzene or phenol and make them enrich around ZnO; on the other hand; ZnO is catalyst which property was enhanced by Ag nanoparticles. It is known that Schottky barriers at metal-semiconductor interface can improve the separation efficiency of electrons and holes [42, 43, 44, 45]. The good photocatalytic performance of ZAC may be attributed to the formed Schottky barriers between the Ag NPs and ZnO in the composite. Under the UV irradiation, ZnO produces electron-hole pairs, and the Schottky barriers of ZnO/Ag inhibit the generated electron-hole recombination. With long lifetime of these separated electrons and holes, more reactive oxidative species can be generated. Consequently, more organic compounds would be degraded by reactive oxidative species.

Synergistic effects of cellulose, ZnO and Ag make our ZAC be a good candidate for further indoor air treatment.

4 Conclusions

The ZAC composite was successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and ultrasonic method. According to TEM, EDS, XPS and UV-Vis spectroscopic characterizations, Ag NPs with 5 nm are mainly anchoring on the surface of ZnO. Specifically, ZAC-12 possesses the best photocatalytic activity among all ZAC composite samples. Its degradation rate for MB reaches 99.51%. The decomposition on phenol and benzene and their derivatives in VOCs were also investigated. It is shown that ZAC can degrade almost 100% phenol; even to difficultly decomposed benzene, it also exhibits good photocatalytic activity, around 19.8% degradation efficiency. The synergetic effect to enhance photocatalytic performance was endowed by the three components in the ZAC. Cellulose works as a substrate and adsorbent; ZnO /Ag together increases light-harvesting efficiency; and Ag NPs adhered on the ZnO surface raise separation efficiency of light-generated holes and electrons. Due to its easily-shaped, recycled merits and good catalytic properties, ZAC would be a good candidate for indoor air purification.

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2572018BB09) and Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang (C2018006).

  1. Conflict of interest

    Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2019-01-23
Accepted: 2019-04-12
Published Online: 2019-09-25

© 2019 Xiao-Hang Zou et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0088
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Biomaterial composite; ZnO; Degradation; Environmentally benign; VOCs
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
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  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
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  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
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  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
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  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
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  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
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  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
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