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Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane

  • Yun Hong , Yanxiong Fang , Dalei Sun EMAIL logo and Xiantai Zhou EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: August 21, 2019
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 17 Issue 1

Abstract

The industrial oxidation of cyclohexane is currently performed with very low conversion level, i.e. 4-6% conversion and poor selectivity for cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol (K-A oil), i.e.70-85%, at above 150oC reaction temperature and above 10atm reaction pressure using molecular oxygen oxidant and homogeneous catalyst. Several disadvantages are, however, associated with the process, such as, complex catalyst-product separation, high power input, and low safe operation. Therefore, the oxidation of cyclohexane using heterogeneous catalyst oxygen oxidant from air at mild conditions has received particular attention. Aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane over ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 (IL-Co/ZSM-5) in absence of solvents was developed in this article. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM and XPS analyses. The influence of reaction parameters on the oxidation of cyclohexane was researched, such as the various catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the reaction pressure, on the process. Highly selective synthesis of KA oil was performed by aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane using ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 (IL-Co/ZSM-5) as the catalyst in absence of solvents for the first time. A selectivity of up to 93.6% of KA oil with 9.2% conversion of cyclohexane was produced at 150℃ and 1.5 MPa after 3 h, with about 0.1 mol cyclohexane, C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst equal to 6.0 wt%, respectively. The induction period of oxidation was greatly shortened when the ionic liquid was supported on ZSM-5. The catalyst was easy to centrifuge and was reused after five cycles. It was found that both the characterization and performance of the catalysts revealed that both the presence of oxygen vacancies with incorporation of Co ions into the framework of ZSM-5 and the introduction of C7mimHSO4 into the ZSM-5 leads to the both satisfactory selectivity and robust stability of the C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 heterogeneous catalyst.

Keywords: The oxidation of cyclohexane; Ionic liquids modified ZSM-5; Heterogeneous catalyst

1 Introduction

In the modern chemical industry, selective oxidation of cyclohexane is an important chemical process. Partial oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil), which are intermediates in Nylon-6 and Nylon-6-6 manufacturing, has attracted commercial interest [1, 2, 3]. The selectivity towards KA oil is significant in the commercial process under mild conditions [4, 5, 6]. Therefore, many catalytic systems, such as cobalt salt [7], metal complex [8], biomimetic [9, 10], transition metal oxide [11, 12, 13] and molecular sieve [14] combined with molecular oxygen were developed to improve the selectivity and efficiency.

In the chemical industry, aluminosilicates zeolite ZSM-5 has been used as one of the important heterogeneous catalysts [15, 16]. Hydrogen peroxide is often used as a green oxidant in the oxidation of cyclohexane catalyzed by metal-supported ZSM-5 catalysts. Copper-doped ZSM-5 presented excellent catalytic performance and selectivity for KA oil in the presence of H2O2 as oxidant [17].

Aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons has a low cost and is an environmentally friendly nature of oxidant, which has generated interest[18]. Due to the high energy of C-H bond, the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane could be conducted under more benign conditions by using NHPI (N-hydroxyphthalimide) or TBHP (tert-butylhydroperoxide) as free radical initiators [19, 20]. Gold containing ZSM-5 can achieve the direct aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane without any additives [21]. But the extensive application of this catalytic process is seriously limited due to the expensive cost of catalyst. Therefore, the development of non-noble metal supported ZSM-5 catalytic system is particularly important. However, the selectivity of KA oil is generally not high in the system of direct catalytic cyclohexane oxidation of metal/ZSM-5. It has been reported that the stability of molecular sieves in ionic liquids could be improved [22]. The anionic or cationic groups of ionic liquids may interact with the surface of the molecular sieve, which will be favorable for improving the selectivity of products.

Even though this is promising research is related to industrialization, there is little reported, especially for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane in absence of solvents, are relatively scanty. In this work, ionic liquids were used to modify the metal supported on ZSM-5 to prepare one kind of stable catalyst, which was applied in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane under solvent-free conditions. The effects of different reaction conditions on cyclohexane oxidation were studied, such as the various catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the reaction pressure, on the process.

2 Experimental

2.1 General

The reagents involved are as follows: ZSM-5, Co(NO3)2×4H2O, Cyclohexane (A.R., Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd.); C7mimHSO4, C7mimH2PO4, C7mimNO3 and C7mimTsO (A.R., Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, 1-heptylimidazole, abbreviated as C7mim); Before use, ZSM-5 was first milled and screened by a 20-mesh sieve.

2.2 Preparation of Co/ZSM-5

Co/ZSM-5 was obtained as followed: 0.5g of the ZSM-5 calcined at 550oC was immersed in 1mol Co(NO3)2×4H2O . The mixture was stirred at 333K for 10 h, filtered and washed with ethanol, separated by centrifugation. At 120oC, the product was dried in an air oven overnight. Co/ ZSM-5 was obtained after the calcination at 550oC for 10h.

2.3 Preparation of ionic liquids modified Co/ ZSM-5

IL-Co/ZSM-5 was obtained as followed: In a three-neck glass flask, 0.5g Co/ZSM-5 and 0.75g ionic liquid were added to 30 mL of ethanol. The mixture was stirred at 60oC for 4 h. The product was obtained after filtration, washing with ethanol, separation by centrifugation and drying, and is denoted as IL-Co/ZSM-5.

2.4 Characterization of the catalysts

Microphotography (SEM) images were generated on a Hitachi S3400N instrument equipped.

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were carried out using a JEM-2010HR transmission electron microscopy.

On a Phi Quantum 2000 Scanning ESCA Microprobe, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed with Al Ka radiation. A C1s binding energy of 284.6 eV was used as the reference.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy was performed on a Rigaku-Ultima III with Cu with Cu Ka1 radiation. Its Scanning radiation were a range of 2θ = 6-80º and a rate of 1º/min.

FT-IR spectra was recorded by Bruker-TENSOR 27. The precise Co loading was measured by ICP-OES on a PerkinElmer-Optima 8300. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted by a STA 449F3 Jupiter. The BET specific surface areas were measured by N2 adsorption in an ASAP 2020C.

2.5 Catalytic activity studies

The cyclohexane was oxidized in a 100 mL stainless steel autoclave equipped with an automatic temperature controller and a magnetic stirrer. The cyclohexane reacted with IL-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst in the autoclave. The autoclave was rinsed with air three times, then it was pressurized to the desired pressure and heated to the desired temperature with stirring. After the reaction was over, the autoclave was cooled with ice to room temperature and slowly depressurized. The products were analyzed by GC-MS and quantified by GC (Agilent-7890A, capillary column: HP-5, 30 m × 0.25 mm×0.25 μm).

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Characterization results

Figure 1 shows the powder XRD patterns of ZSM-5, Co/ ZSM-5 and C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5. The parent ZSM-5 exhibited five XRD diffraction peaks assigned to reflections at (111), (220), (311), (511) and (440), which are characteristic of the lattice structure in hexagonal, mesoporous molecular sieves. Compared to Co/ZSM-5, the XRD diffraction peaks of C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 at 2q =31.3o, 37.0o, 59.5o and 65.4o were decreased. It indicates that it may be the modification of the ZSM-5 with the ionic liquid and the immobilization of cobalt.

Figure 1 XRD patterns of samples (a) ZSM-5, (b) Co/ZSM-5 and (c) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.
Figure 1

XRD patterns of samples (a) ZSM-5, (b) Co/ZSM-5 and (c) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.

Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of Co/ZSM-5, C7mimHSO4 ionic liquid and C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5. The strong broad absorption peak at 1080 cm-1 corresponds to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of Si-O-Si. The peak at 666 cm-1 can be due to Si-O bending vibrations. The peaks at 2853 cm-1 and 2933 cm-1 can be associated to the vibration of C-H bond in 1-heptyl group. The peak 1634 cm-1 can be due to the stretching vibration of C-N, and both the peaks at 1218 cm-1 and 1460 cm-1 can be associated to the vibration of the imidazole ring. Therefore, the results confirmed the existence of both imidazole ring and 1-heptyl group.

Figure 2 FT-IR spectra of (a) C7mimHSO4 ionic liquid, (b) Co/ZSM-5 and (c) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.
Figure 2

FT-IR spectra of (a) C7mimHSO4 ionic liquid, (b) Co/ZSM-5 and (c) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.

Figure 3 shows isotherms and pore size distribution of ZSM-5 by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Co/ZSM-5 and C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5. It can be observed that ZSM-5 and Co/ZSM-5 exhibited a type IV isotherm, which was characteristic of highly ordered mesoporous materials. No obvious change in average pore size was observed when ZSM-5 was loaded with cobalt ion, and the surface area and pore volume decreased slightly with the loading of cobalt ion.

Figure 3 N2 sorption isotherms of (a) ZSM-5, (b) Co/ZSM-5 and (c) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.
Figure 3

N2 sorption isotherms of (a) ZSM-5, (b) Co/ZSM-5 and (c) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.

However, when the sample Co/ZSM-5 was modified by the ionic liquid, the isotherm had a hysteresis effect under high relative pressure, which was characteristic of macroporous materials. Meanwhile, a sharp decrease in surface area and pore volume were observed. These changes could be attributed to the blockage of micropores and the filling of aggregated particles (Table 1).

Table 1

BET surface area and pore characters of catalysts.

CatalystBET surface area (m2g-1)Pore volume (cmg-1)Average pore diameter (nm)
ZSM-5249.480.162.51
Co/ZSM-5196.320.132.59
C7mimHSO4-

Co/ZSM-5		25.480.058.22

The characteristics of the surfaces of the particles were studied with TEM and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of ZSM-5, Co/ZSM-5 and C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5. Figure 4(a)and Figure(d)are the SEM and TEM images of ZSM-5, respectively. It can be seen from the images that the surface of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve particle is smooth and the particle size is about 1.0 to 2.5 microns. After the cobalt ion was loaded, the surface of the particles was coarse, and the cobalt ions are mainly supported on the surface of the ZSM-5. No significant changes of ZSM-5 pore structure was observed with the introduction of cobalt ion (Figure 4(b)and Figure

Figure 4 SEM and TEM images of (a, d) ZSM-5, (b, e) Co/ZSM-5 and (c, f) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.
Figure 4

SEM and TEM images of (a, d) ZSM-5, (b, e) Co/ZSM-5 and (c, f) C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5.

4(e)). The cobalt nanoparticles were still clearly observed when Co/ZSM-5 was modified by the ionic liquid. It can be noticed that the pores and surfaces of ZSM-5 were almost covered with ionic liquid (Figure 4(c)and Figure 4(f)).

In order to obtain the valence states and binding energy of cobalt atoms and oxygen atoms, Co/ZSM-5 and C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 were characterized by XPS spectroscopy. The binding energy values in eV corresponding to the individual peaks are presented in Table 2. The binding energy of the Co2p3/2 and O1s peaks (Table 2) for Co/ZSM catalyst is respectively found to be 780.49 eV and 532.19 eV, higher than that for Co2O3 (780.0eV for the Co2p3/2 and 530.0 eV for O1s [23]). This indicates that Co (III) ions, replacing the Al(III) and/ or Si(IV), are incorporated into the ZSM-5 framework, resulting in oxygen vacancies from Co (III) doping, and a stronger ability of attracting electrons compared with Co2O3. This result is also consistent with that of both the spectra of FT-IR and XRD for Co/ZSM-5. When Co/ZSM-5 was modified by the ionic liquid, the binding energy for Co2p3/2 was 0.57 eV higher than that of Co/ZSM-5. While, the binding energy for O1s decreased by 0.90 eV relative to that of Co/ZSM-5. The results suggested that, on the one hand, the lattice oxygen existed on the surface of the C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst, and on the other hand, the introduction of C7mimHSO4 results in a strong electron

Table 2

XPS analysis of catalysts.

CatalystCo2p3/2(eV)O1s(eV)Atomic ratio
C/SiCo/SiO/SiN/Si
Co/ZSM-5780.49532.198.320.0681.80-
C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5781.06531.297.600.0743.731.24

modification. Thus, the catalytic activity of cobaltous oxide in the oxidation reactions is improved.

3.2 Catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane

3.2.1 Effect of catalyst on the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane

Table 3 shows the results of cyclohexane aerobic oxidation over various catalysts at 150oC and 1.5 MPa for 3h. As shown in Table 3, the main products in the oxidation of cyclohexane were cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil). In the control experiment, almost no obvious conversion was observed (entry 1). In the presence of molecular oxygen, the pure ZSM-5 can promote the oxidation of cyclohexane, which may be due to its large surface area and small amount of acid sites (entry 2). When cobalt was supported on ZSM-5, the activity of the catalyst was increased, in which the selectivity of KA was 72.9% (entry 3). When this type supported cobalt catalyst was modified by the ionic liquid, the activities of catalyst was enhanced, accompanied with the obvious improved selectivity towards KA (entries 4~7). It seems that the activity is related with the anionic group of the ionic liquid with same cation group (1-heptylimidazole). In contrast to the relative catalytic activity of the anionic group of the ionic liquid, the following decreasing order was observed: HSO4>NO3>TsO>H2PO4. The same decreasing order about the selectivity towards KA was observed. Hydrogen bonds could be generated from an interaction between the anionic group and silicon hydroxyl of ZSM-5. The differences in catalytic activity and selectivity towards KA oil maybe related to the intensity of the hydrogen bonds. The mechanistic studies on the influence of the ionic liquids are in progress.

Table 3

Effect of catalyst on the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexanea.

EntryCatalystConv./%Select./%
alcoholketoneKA
1None1.212.324.036.3
2ZSM-53.132.128.060.1
3Co/ZSM-56.438.634.372.9
4C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-59.248.445.293.6
5C7mimNO3-Co/ZSM-58.347.841.989.7
6C7mimTsO-Co/ZSM-57.943.843.787.5
7C7mimH2PO4-Co/ZSM-57.545.240.285.4

  1. a Cyclohexane (0.1 mol), catalyst (6.0 wt%), O2 (1.5MPa), 150oC, 3h.

3.2.2 Effect of temperature and pressure on the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane

The effects of reaction temperature and pressure were researched, as seen in Table 4. The conversion of cyclohexane increased from 2.5% to 9.2% (entries 1~3) when the reaction temperature was increased from 130oC to 150oC. No significant increase was obtained with the continual increase of reaction temperature (entry 4). With increasing temperature, selectivity towards KA oil slightly decreased. However, when the temperature was over 160oC, the reaction rates of side reactions were also obviously accelerated (entry 4). The conversion of cyclohexane increased with increasing molecular oxygen pressure, whereas the selectivity for KA slightly declined with increasing pressure to 2.0 MPa.

Table 4

Effect of temperature and pressure on the oxidation of cyclohexanea.

EntryT/oCP/MPaConv./%Select./%
alcoholketoneKA
11301.52.553.442.896.2
21401.56.650.543.994.4
31501.59.248.445.293.6
41601.59.745.642.788.3
51501.08.548.445.994.3
61502.09.345.145.090.1

  1. a Cyclohexane (0.1 mol), C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst (6.0 wt%), 3h

3.2.3 Effect of time on the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane

Figure 5 shows the conversion of cyclohexane and selectivity for KA oil at different reaction times. Within the first 1 h, the conversion of cyclohexane slowly increased as the reaction rate rapidly increased. The aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane has an obvious induction period just like any other free radical. For verifying the free radical mechanism, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (1 mmol), serving as the free radical inhibitor was used. After the addition of this inhibitor, the oxidation was subsequently quenched.

Figure5 Profile of the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane catalyzed by C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst. Cyclohexane (0.1 mol), catalyst (6.0 wt%), O2 (1.5MPa), 150oC.
Figure5

Profile of the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane catalyzed by C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst. Cyclohexane (0.1 mol), catalyst (6.0 wt%), O2 (1.5MPa), 150oC.

3.3 Catalyst reuse and stability

The stability of C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst was monitored using multiple sequential aerobic oxidations of cyclohexane. After the catalyst was recovered by centrifugation, filtration, washed with cyclohexane and dried, it was used in the subsequent run. The results are shown in Figure6.

Figure 6 Stability and reusability of C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. Cyclohexane (0.1 mol), catalyst (6.0 wt%), O2 (1.5MPa), 150oC, 3h.
Figure 6

Stability and reusability of C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. Cyclohexane (0.1 mol), catalyst (6.0 wt%), O2 (1.5MPa), 150oC, 3h.

From Figure 6, the catalyst was without a significant loss of the activity and selectivity for KA oil after it was consecutively reused five times. The results showed that the supported catalyst has good activity and excellent stability for the oxidation of cyclohexane. This can be attributed to the channel range of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve that results in a difficult loss of the C7mimHSO4 ionic liquid, and on the other hand, a micro-reactor with high concentration of C7mimHSO4 ionic liquid was constructed with the C7mimHSO4 ionic liquids were introduced into the pores of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. This further led to good both cyclic stability and reactive activity of the C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 heterogeneous catalyst.

4 Conclusions

C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 was identified for the the first time as an effective and robust heterogeneous catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. A selectivity of KA oil for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane was obtained as high as 93.6% with 9.2% conversion of cyclohexane using C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 as catalyst under relatively mild reaction conditions (150℃,3 h, and 1.5 MPa). The activity of C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 heterogeneous catalyst remains almost unchanged after five consecutive cycles. Further studies for both the characterization and performance of the C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5 catalyst revealed that both the presence of oxygen vacancies with incorporation of Co ions into the framework of ZSM-5 and the introduction of C7mimHSO4 into the ZSM-5 led to the higher catalytic activity of C7mimHSO4-Co/ZSM-5. In-depth studies for the mechanism of the oxidation of cyclohexane with molecular oxygen over the cobalt/ZSM-5 modified by the ionic liquid catalysts are under way.

AcknowledgmentsŁ

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21206019, 21276052, 21776049, 21878055), and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (201607010166).

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2018-08-19
Accepted: 2019-02-12
Published Online: 2019-08-21

© 2019 Yun Hong et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0068
Keywords for this article
The oxidation of cyclohexane; Ionic liquids modified ZSM-5; Heterogeneous catalyst
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
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  175. Erratum
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