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A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis

  • Ufafa Anggarini EMAIL logo , Suminar Pratapa , Victor Purnomo and Ndaru Candra Sukmana
Published/Copyright: August 19, 2019
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 17 Issue 1

Abstract

Lightweight geopolymer concrete was synthesized using fly ash as an aluminosilicate source with the addition of a pore-forming agent. The synthesis of a geopolymer was conducted by employing various volume ratios of geopolymer paste to the foaming agent: 1:0.50, 1:0.67, 1:0.75, 1:1.00, 1:1.33, 1:1.50, and 1:2.00, while the ratios of aluminum powder weight percentage to the fly ash weight varied between 0.01 - 0.15 %wt. The results showed that the higher foaming agent content, the lower the compressive strength and density of the geopolymer. The ratio of the geopolymer paste to the foaming agent, 1:1.33 was found to produce the strongest light weight geopolymer whose compressive strength and density were 33 MPa and 1760 kg/m3, respectively. With the addition of 0.01%wt aluminum powder, the geopolymer specimen showed the highest compressive strength of 42 MPa and density of 1830 kg/m3, respectively. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and FT-IR were utilized to study the effects of foaming agent and aluminum powder addition onto the microstructure, surface morphology, and functional groups of the geopolymer. Both types of synthesized geopolymers have the potential to be developed in terms of compressive strength and density in the future.

Keywords: geopolymer; foaming agent; aluminum powder; compressive strength; density

1 Introduction

An earthquake occurs due to the mass transfer in the rock layer of the earth, where the strength of an earthquake is affected by the amount of energy released during the shifts and collisions [1]. Indonesia is one of the countries that is heavily struck by earthquakes every year. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an advancement that may reduce the impact, especially in terms of infrastructure. The selection of construction materials with lightweight structures is one of the reasonable inventions to reduce damage and safety risks.

The mass of building construction depends on the types of materials used. The current application of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) for construction has a clear advantage in terms of strength but would result in high weight structure [2]. Should any disaster cause a building to collapse, heavier construction materials would significantly slow down the required rescue actions. Therefore, the development of light weight concrete has become one of the concerns today to produce a lighter, safer structure and to reduce the cost of construction [3]. Lightweight concrete was classified as one of materials possessing a typical density ranging from 1000 – 2000 kg/m3 for structural concrete [4]. Conventional lightweight concrete was generally produced from an OPC-based cement. The use of OPC has an adverse effect in terms of the amount of CO2 emitted from the fuel combustion, limestone decarbonization in kiln, and electricity usage at grinding plants [5]. The amount of CO2 produced from the cement industry released into the earth’s atmosphere reaches about 13,500 tons per year which contributes to the greenhouse effect with an annual increase of 7% [6]. Thus, the geopolymer is an alternative material that can be used to substitute cement in a more environmental-friendly way that does not require any combustion process.

The synthesis of a geopolymer is generally carried out by reacting an alkali activator solution with an aluminosilicate source, such as methakaoline [7], fly ash [8], and so forth. Hardjito et al., [9] stated that F class of fly ash as the starting material was suitable for a geopolymer synthesis, but in this research, the fly ash used was classified as class C with a high content of CaO (more than 8% weightage). Several studies have indicated that the use of geopolymer as lightweight non-concrete as conducted by Posi et al., [3] where the synthesized lightweight geopolymer contained an aggregate recycle lightweight block with a density and compressive strength of 1400 kg/m3 and 16 MPa, respectively. Another study by Abdullah et al. [10] explained that the use of foaming agents in their study produced lightweight geopolymers with the mechanical compressive strength of 18.19 MPa. According to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI-03-3449-2002), the minimum compressive strength of lightweight concrete was 17.24 MPa, with the highest density of about 1850 kg/m3. Since the compressive strength of lightweight geopolymer obtained in previous studies were low, this study aims to improve the characteristics of lightweight geopolymers as non-cement lightweight concrete with the addition of a foaming agent and aluminum powder as the pore-forming agent.

2 Experimental Section

2.1 Materials and preparation

The fly ash of class C from Paiton Power Plant was used in this experiment as a raw aluminosilicate source. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of this material measured by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). An alkali activator solution was prepared by mixing the prepared 7M sodium hydroxide (NaOH pellet, technical grade) solution with sodium silicate solution (Na2SiO3, technical grade). The dissolution of sodium hydroxide is an exothermic reaction; thus, the solution was cooled for 24 hours before it was mixed with sodium silicate.

Table 1

Chemical composition of fly ash class C.

OxideAl2O3SiO2CaOFe2O3MgOK2O
Mass (%)27.1146.939.076.183.181.49

The synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents were used in this study. Synthetic foaming agent is a chemical reagent containing sodium laureth sulphate that facilitates the formation of foam which would be suitable for the production of lightweight concrete with a density of 1000 kg/m3 and above [11]. The foaming agent was a colorless liquid with a specific gravity of 1.05, whereas the aluminum powder was a silver-colored powder with a specific gravity of 2.7. The aluminum powder is commonly used to obtain hydrogen gas produced from chemical reaction that tends to generate cavity in mortar [12].

2.2 The synthesis of geopolymer

The geopolymer paste was prepared by mixing the alkali activator solution with fly ash, followed by a 5-minute stirring process. The Si/Al ratio of 4 [13] and solid/liquid ratio of 2.3 [14] were used to synthesize the geopolymer. The addition of pore-forming agent was performed separately to produce the expanded paste. The geopolymer paste was then casted in cubical moulds with dimensions of 5 x 5 x 5 cm3 and cured for 28 days at room temperature.

2.2.1 Foaming agent (Cellular Lightweight Concrete)

Preformed foam from the synthetic foaming agent was added into the geopolymer paste in various ratios of geopolymer paste to the foaming agent volume of 1:0.50, 1:0.67, 1:0.75, 1:1.00, 1:1.33, 1:1.50, and 1:2.00. Formerly, the foaming agent was pre-formed by mixing the synthetic foam and water by using foam generators. The foam was, then, added and mixed for 5 minutes. Subsequently, the mixing rotation speed was lowered to avoid formation of defects. The lightweight foaming geopolymer was then poured into cubical moulds and cured at an ambient temperature for 28 days.

2.2.2 Aluminum powder (Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete)

The ratios of aluminum powder weight percentage to the fly ash weight used in this study were 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 %wt. The addition of aluminum powder was carried out directly without the foam preforming process. A certain amount of aluminum powder was added and mixed with the geopolymer paste for 30 seconds. Finally, the mixture was poured into steel cubical moulds and cured at the same condition with the foaming agent.

2.3 The measurement of density and compressive strength

The dry density measurement for both the lightweight geopolymer types were performed on the cured specimens according to ASTM C138. The density of all samples was determined by dividing the mass of dry lightweight geopolymer by its volume. The compressive strength of the lightweight geopolymer was measured at 7, 21, and 28 days by using the compressive strength machine test instrument at the Physical Laboratory of PT Semen Indonesia (Persero), Tbk. The evaluation of the mechanical strength was performed according to ASTM C109. Table 3 compares the lightweight geopolymers produced from the synthetic foaming agent with that of aluminum powder.

Table 2

Intensity comparison between quartz phase (Iq) and mullite phase in geopolymer and lightweight geopolymer matrix.

Sample IDIqImWq (%wt)
GP90.4085.6051.36
Foam Agent (FA) Lightweight Geopolymer
GP+FA 1:0.5058.1097.8037.27
GP+FA 1:0.6792.7088.4051.19
GP+FA 1:1.0055.0078.1041.32
GP+FA 1:1.3332.9081.9028.66
Aluminum Powder (AP) Lightweight Geopolymer
GP+AP 0.01%wt41.1072.2036.28
GP+AP 0.02%wt57.9093.6038.22
GP+AP 0.03%wt73.30104.8041.29
GP+AP 0.04%wt107.6092.5053.77
Table 3

Functional groups detected on lightweight geopolymer synthesized without and with pore-forming agent.

Absorption Peak (cm-1)Types of VibrationIntensity
GeopolymerFoaming agent (FA) LightweightAluminum Powder(AP) Lightweight
(GP)GeopolymerGeopolymer
3600-3000Streching OHlowhighhigh-medium
1650Bending H-O-Hlowmediummedium
1400Bending O-Hmediumhighmedium
1000Streching Si-O-Sihighhighhigh-medium
970Bending Al-O-Sihighhighhigh-medium
800Streching Si-O-Tmediummediummedium
600Bending O-Si-Ohighhighhigh

2.4 Characterization of geopolymer specimens

The microstructure of the lightweight geopolymer was characterized by using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) PHILIPS Xpert MPD with Cu-Kα radiation at a scanning range from 10ᵒ to 70ᵒ. Functional groups of geopolymer products were identified by using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Thermo Scientific Nicolet IS10 with the wavenumber range of 500 – 4000 cm-1. The surface morphology for both the lightweight geopolymer types were characterized by using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) FEI Inspect 850. All types of lightweight geopolymers were coated with gold palladium metal prior to their analysis in order to enhance their material conductivity.

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and Discussion

3.1 The effect of different pore-forming agents on geopolymer structure

The geopolymerization was initiated with the dissolution of aluminosilicate source into an alkaline activator solution, resulting in a dissolved alumina-silica species, followed by the initial polimerization which was aided by the alkaline media to produce oligomers. This process was continued to a supersaturated condition. Afterwards, the gel production promotes the structure transformation into an amorphous, solid bound structure [15]. Diffractograms seen in Figure 1(A) and (B) belong to the lightweight geopolymers that were synthesized by utilizing the foaming agent lightweight geopolymer and aluminum powder, respectively.

Figure 1 The diffractogram of (A) geopolymer without and with foaming agent addition and (B) geopolymer without and with the addition of aluminum powder.
Figure 1

The diffractogram of (A) geopolymer without and with foaming agent addition and (B) geopolymer without and with the addition of aluminum powder.

The fact that most peaks in the diffractograms are broad, indicated the existence of an amorphous phase rather than sharp configurations. The broad peak at 2θ between 20ᵒ until 40ᵒ confirmed the formation of a polymer structure of the geopolymer [16]. All the diffractogram patterns show two types of phase: quartz and mullite, but with different intensities for both lightweight geopolymer types. The intensity of quartz phase (Iq) and mullite phase (Im) are shown in Table 2 and the quartz phase weight fraction (Wq) was calculated according to Eq. (1).

(1)Wq%wt=Iq/Iq+Im

High intensity of quartz peak at 2θ of 26.55ᵒ confirmed that some part of the aluminosilicate source did not react after geopolymerization. The peak intensity decreased as the ratio of the foaming agent was added into the paste was made larger. This means that more aluminosilicate source was converted into the amorphous phase. Apart from that, the addition of 0.01%wt Al powder to geopolymer paste produces the least value of Wq intensity. The more Al powder added to geopolymer matrix, the higher Wq intensity which indicates that there was more unconverted quartz phase, therefore, not forming amorphous geopolymer matrix. Generally, the amount of aluminum powder added into the geopolymer paste changed the peak intensity rather than affecting the crystal phase of the lightweight geopolymer.

3.2 The effect of pore-forming agent on geopolymer functional groups

The functional groups of the lightweight geopolymers with and without the pore-forming agent additions were characterized by using Infrared Spectroscopy, as shown in Figure 2. Infrared spectra of geopolymers without the pore-forming agent addition (GP) showed typical peaks at 1000 and 600 cm-1 that are related to the stretching vibration bands of Si-O-Si and O-Si-O, respectively. In addition, another peak could be observed at wavelengths of 970 and 800 cm-1 due to the bending vibrations of Al-O-Si and asymmetric vibration of Si-O-T, respectively. The other FTIR spectra showed the same vibrational peaks with different intensities, as it could be seen in Table 3. The intensity of FTIR peak was related to the number of functional groups that existed in the synthesized geopolymer. The addition of foaming agent and aluminum powder increased the intensity of several functional groups and, consequently, the amount of soluble silica necessary for polymeric structure formation with amorphous aluminosilicate gel phase. Abdullah et al., obtained a FTIR spectrum of lightweight geopolymer with sharper peak, indicating the formation of a new product after the dissolution of the aluminosilicate in an alkaline environment [10].

Figure 2 FTIR spectra of (A) lightweight geopolymer without and with foaming agent addition with ratio of 1.5:1 and 1.5:2; (B) lightweight geopolymer without and with aluminum powder addition with ratio of 0.01 %wt and 0.02 %wt.
Figure 2

FTIR spectra of (A) lightweight geopolymer without and with foaming agent addition with ratio of 1.5:1 and 1.5:2; (B) lightweight geopolymer without and with aluminum powder addition with ratio of 0.01 %wt and 0.02 %wt.

Both types of lightweight geopolymers showed broad and sharp bands at wavenumbers of 3600 – 3000 and 1650 cm-1 related to stretching and bending vibrations of H-O-H, respectively. The presence of those vibrational peaks were related to the water molecules that were absorbed onto the surface or trapped inside the defect cavity of the lightweight geopolymer [17]. The larger the pores formed on the geopolymer; the more water molecules would be absorbed into the pore structure of the geopolymer. Hence, the increasing intensity of H-O-H peak indicated by the development of the pore structure that results in a lighter structure. However, this would also, inevitably, cause the reduction of the compressive strength. The intensity of the broad peak at the wavenumber of 3600 – 3300 cm-1 decreased as the aluminum powder weight ratio was made higher than 0.01 %wt. This was the result of aluminum powder addition quickening the reaction that produced hydrogen gas leading to the increase of the collapsing pore structure.

3.3 The effect of pore-forming agent to geopolymer surface morphology

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the geopolymer with and without the pore-forming agent addition as seen in Figure 3. All the geopolymer morphology images were taken with 2500x magnification. The surface morphology of fly ash geopolymer without the addition of the pore-forming agent displayed some rough parts, indicating unreacted fly ash spherical grain. Yunsheng, et al. found that unreacted particles could produce defects, thus reducing the geopolymer compressive strength. Apart from that, some fractional lines could also be observed in the images. This is related to the quick loss of water [18].

Figure 3 SEM of geopolymer sample for (a) surface geopolymer without pore-forming agent addition, (b) cross section of geopolymer - GP, (c) GP+FA 1:1.00, (d) GP+FA 1:0.67, (e) GP+FA 1:0.50, (f) GP+AP0.01 %wt, (g) GP+AP0.03 %wt and (h) GP+AP0.04 %wt.
Figure 3

SEM of geopolymer sample for (a) surface geopolymer without pore-forming agent addition, (b) cross section of geopolymer - GP, (c) GP+FA 1:1.00, (d) GP+FA 1:0.67, (e) GP+FA 1:0.50, (f) GP+AP0.01 %wt, (g) GP+AP0.03 %wt and (h) GP+AP0.04 %wt.

Geopolymer is an amorphous aluminosilicate polymer that possess some crystalline structure, such as quartz and mullite shown in XRD results. The presence

of this amorphous phase makes the reaction between aluminosilicate in raw materials with alkaline activator solution to form polymeric chains through polymerization possible. Furthermore, the presence of crystalline phases of quartz and mullite hinders some aluminosilicate components in fly ash from being involved in geopolymer formation. They are shown in the SEM image as some round-shaped particles.

The different ways on how bubbles developed and generated different sizes and foam distribution on geopolymer concrete were studied. In this study, the introduction of air bubbles was performed by executing the process of prefoaming which used the foam generator. After the production of air bubbles, the foaming agent was then introduced into the geopolymer paste and voids were consequently formed. The product produced through this kind of method was known as Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC). The surface morphology of lightweight geopolymer with low pore-forming agent, both foaming agent (FA) and aluminum powder (AP), additions showed less voids as shown in Figure 3(c) - (e). Contrary to that, bigger voids were observed on the surface when the geopolymer paste content was made lower. The higher number of pores generated on the geopolymer surface resulted in lower compressive strength. The pore distribution on the geopolymer surface also affected the density and compressive strength of the geopolymer.

In this study, aluminum powder was added into the geopolymer paste based on Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (N-AAC) where the aluminum powder was mixed directly without undergoing the autoclave process. Generally, the aluminum powder lightweight geopolymer, as seen in Figure 3(f) - (h) possessed more voids. Increasing aluminum powder weight added into geopolymer paste meant that the air voids produced were bigger. The voids produced when the aluminum powder was used resulted from the generated endogenous gas from the mixture of fine aluminum powder and geopolymer paste. Zhang et al. [15] stated that aluminum was a reactive metal that had reacted with water and hydroxide in the presence of alkaline, i.e. sodium hydroxide, to produce hydrogen gas and hydrolyzed metal complexes. The reaction stated on Eq. (2) took place when aluminum was added into the geopolymer paste.

When lightweight geopolymer was synthesized, aluminum powder as a pore-forming agent was added to a mixture of aluminosilicate source and alkaline activator solution that contains some water and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Water as alkaline solid solvent and hydroxide ionic alkaline solution would react with aluminum powder to generate aluminum tetrahydroxide ion and hydrogen gas. The presence of hydrogen gas as a product of this reaction led to the formation of the pore structure and expanded the geopolymer paste, promoting higher chances of yielding a lighter material.

(2)Als+3H2O1+OHaq−→AlOH4−aq+1.5H2g

3.4 The effect of pore-foaming agent addition on the density and compressive strength of geopolymer

The density and maximum compressive strength of the unfoamed geopolymer were 2255 kg/m3 and 51 MPa after 28 days of curing, respectively. The density and compressive strength of all geopolymer specimens as shown in Table 4. The addition of foaming agents into the geopolymer paste promoted air bubble production that led to pore structure formation; hence, the density of the geopolymer matrix decreased. This, however, resulted in lower geopolymer compressive strength, weakening the formation of polymer cluster linkage and producing cracks of destruction. The foaming agent lightweight geopolymer exhibited the lowest density at the variation of GP+FA (1:2.00), with the lowest compressive strength of 0.2 MPa. Abdullah et al., used foaming agent to produce lightweight geopolymers with a compressive strength of 18.1 MPa after 28 days of curing [10]. In this study, when the ratio of the geopolymer paste to the foaming agent was made 1:1.33, the highest geopolymer compressive strength was observed to be 33 MPa with a density of 1766 kg/m3, while the addition of 0.01 %wt aluminum powder resulted in the highest compressive strength of 42 MPa with a density of 1830 kg/m3. The foaming agent improves the pores formation within the geopolymer; thus, the more amount foaming agent used, the more pores will be formed. Hence, increasing the amount of foaming agent would decrease the geopolymer density since there will be more pores formed within the specimen itself. On the other hand, more pore formation would also result in less compressive strength of the geopolymer since the strength distribution will be non-uniform along the geopolymer surface.

Table 4

Dry density and compressive strength of unfoamed geopolymer (GP) and both types of lightweight geopolymer.

Specimen NumberDensity (kg/m3)Compressive Strength (Mpa)
7 days21 days28 days
Geopolymer (GP)225522.4032.8051.00
Foaming agent (FA) Lightweight Geopolymer
GP + FA (1:0,50)19906.8012.4015.40
GP + FA (1:0.67)19698.209.6012.60
GP + FA (1:0,75)184212.8013.008.00
GP + FA (1:1.00)13412.206.549.60
GP + FA (1:1.33)176610.0016.0033.00
GP + FA (1:1.50)10401.001.204.00
GP + FA (1:2.00)5730.400.200.20
Aluminum Powder (AP) Lightweight Geopolymer
GP + AP 0.01%wt18305.0016.0042.00
GP + AP 0.02%wt181511.0019.0020.00
GP + AP 0.03%wt137311.8017.0019.20
GP + AP 0.04%wt14248.2010.0010.00
GP + AP 0.05%wt19657.208.8016.00
GP + AP 0.10%wt10933.723.803.80
GP + AP 0.15%wt10313.043.204.60

This correlation could be applied to the aluminum powder lightweight geopolymer. While the weight percentage of aluminum powder was increased, both the density and compressive strength of the geopolymer decreased. The lowest density and compressive strength were observed when 0.15 %wt aluminum powder was used. When the composition of the aluminum powder was higher than 0.01 %wt, the formation of hydrogen gas became faster, more pores are produced as the casting and gel hardened [19]. According to SNI 03-3449-2002, the minimum required compressive strength of the structural lightweight construction is 17.24 MPa with a maximum density of 1850 kg/m3. Based on this regulation, the density of the foaming agent lightweight geopolymer (1766 kg/m3) and aluminum powder lightweight geopolymer (1830 kg/m3) is near the requirements, hence they have the potential to be utilized as an alternative to structural binder construction.

4 Conclusion

Lightweight geopolymers were synthesized by using different pore-foaming agents, namely synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder. XRD results showed that the addition of pore-forming agents would change the intensity of geopolymer peak, whereas the FTIR spectra displayed that the increase of water molecules peak at lightweight geopolymer structures were related to the higher pore production that absorbs water. The morphology of lightweight geopolymer had some hollow parts, confirming the development of pore structures above the surface. The utilization of the foaming agent produced a lightweight geopolymer that has an optimum compressive strength of 33 MPa and a dry density of 1766 kg/m3, while the aluminum powder produced a binder structure with the maximum compressive strength of 42 MPa and dry density of 1830 kg/m3. It is recommended to study the enhancement of compressive strength and density for both types of lightweight geopolymer further.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank LPPM Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia for providing Applied Research Grant of UISI, contract number 01/KP.03/11-01/04.18 April 16th, 2018. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding this publication.

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2018-09-24
Accepted: 2019-04-03
Published Online: 2019-08-19

© 2019 Ufafa Anggarini et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0073
Keywords for this article
geopolymer; foaming agent; aluminum powder; compressive strength; density
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
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