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Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo

  • Ying Liu , Qian Wu , Peng Li , Weijie Liu , Yongri Jin , Xuwen Li and Xiaolei Shi EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: March 29, 2019
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 17 Issue 1

Abstract

Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the rare ginsenosides extracted from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. The anti-allergic activity of ginsenoside Rh2 has been documented in some literature. In this work, an anti-allergic mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 was investigated by focusing on the differentiation of T cells through Langerhans cells (LCs). Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells (LDCs) were generated in vitro and were used as substitute for LCs.In vivo the mRNA expression for IFN-γ and CXCR3 of T cells was increased after being injected with ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs thereby increasing the concentration of IFN-γ in the culture supernatants of CD3+/CD28+ T lymphocytes. However,in vitro, the expression of mRNA for CD40 and CD80 on ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs was up-regulated significantly and the endocytic activity of LDCs was down-regulated slightly. These findings indicate that T cells differentiation could be regulated by ginsenoside Rh2 through LDCs in vivo by altering the antigen presenting capacity, maturation and phagocytosis of LDCs.

Keywords: anti-allergic activity; ginsenoside Rh2; Langerhans cells; T cells differentiation

1 Introduction

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is widely used in Asia in daily routine. Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the rare ginsenosides extracted from ginseng [1]. It is also known as a main metabolite of ginsenosides by bacteria from human intestine [2]. Ginsenoside Rh2 has been widely concerned for its excellent pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-oxidant and anti-allergic effects [3, 4, 5]. Anti-allergic effects of ginsenoside Rh2were well documented in literature in the past. Park et al. reported that ginsenoside Rh2 has potent inhibitory activity on β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells and in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice, it also inhibited nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells [5]. In addition, ginsenoside Rh2 has been reported to have anti-allergic activity in vivo by Li et al., the mechanism focused on the regulation of p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling in a murine model of asthma [6]. According to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, the differentiation of Th1 or Th2 cells affects allergic reactions directly. However, the exploit effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on T cell response has not been reported previously.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in immunoregulation as antigen presenting cells (APCs). It has been proved that Langerhans cells (LCs) is a subgroup of DCs as it participates in various allergic diseases such as pathogen infection, contact hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis, exerting either pro-inflammatory or regulatory functions [7, 8, 9]. LCs could constantly survey external environment and deliver signals and antigens to lymphoid organs. Once infected, LCs would capture the invading pathogens, get activated and migrate to drain the lymph nodes, finally present the antigen to T cells to elicit immune response [10]. Thus, LCs could work as APCs, and allergic inflammation might be relevant with regulation of LCs function. Furthermore, peptide-major histocompatibility complex displayed on the surface of LCs could trigger the T cell receptor and results in T cells proliferation and differentiation. It has been proved that LCs plays a major role in Th1 and Th2 differentiation in a report [11]. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells (LDCs) are usually generated in vitro and are used as substitute for LCs.

Considering that ginsenoside Rh2 has potent anti-allergic activity, while its regulation on T cells and LDCs were seldom reported. This is why, the effects of ginsenoside Rh2on T cells differentiation through LDCs in vivo were investigated in the current work.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Chemicals and reagents

RPMI-10 medium was made up of RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 25 mmol/L HEPES (Sigma, USA), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Solarbio, China). Recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), recombinant murine IL-4 and recombinant human TGF-β1 were purchased from PeproTech (USA). Anti-mouse I-Ad monoclonal antibody was obtained from Cedarlane (Canada). Anti-mouse IgG antibodywas obtained from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dynabeads® mRNA DIRECTTM Micro Kit was purchased from Life Technologies (Norway). PrimeScriptTM 1st strand cDNA Synthesis Kit and Ex Taq® DNA polymerase were purchased from Takara (Japan). SYBR Green I was obtained from BioTeke (China). Primers were synthesized by Invitrogen (China). Anti-mouse CD4-FITC and CD183-APC antibody were obtained from BD (USA) and anti-mouse CD194-PE antibody was obtained from Biolegend (USA). Dynabeads® mouse T-Activator CD3/CD28 was obtained from Invitrogen Dynal AS (Oslo, Norway). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kits for IFN-γ and IL-4 were purchased from eBioscience (USA). Other reagents were analytically pure.

2.2 Sample preparation

The roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. were obtained from Jingyu County, Jilin Province. Powdered, dried roots of ginseng (150 g) were extracted with 2500 mL 50% (v/v) acetic acid at 80°C under reflux for 1 h. Sodium hydroxide was used to regulate the pH value of the solution to 7.0, and ethyl acetate was used to extract the ginsenosides from the solution. After vacuum evaporation, the extract was subjected to silica gel column using EtOAc-EtOH-H2O (v/v/v, 10:2:1) as eluent, five pooled fractions (A, B, C, D and E) were obtained. Fraction D was subjected to silica gel column eluted with EtOAc-EtOH-H2O (v/v/v, 15:1:1) and then ODS column eluted with MeOH-H2O (v/v, 8:1) to afford ginsenoside Rh2 (85mg).

The purity of ginsenoside Rh2was evaluated by an Acchrom S3000 HPLC instrument coupled with a UV detector and Agilent SB C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm). Acetonitrile and water (57:43) were used as eluents. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, the temperature of the column was 30°C and the detection wavelength was 203nm.The

purity of ginsenoside Rh2 was more than 98%, calculated by normalization method.

The structures of ginsenoside Rh2were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance based on data reported in the literature [1].1H-NMR [Pyridine-d5 (Brucker, Swiss)] and 13C-NMR [Pyridine-d5 (Brucker, Swiss)] were measured on a Bruker Avance-600 spectrometer, using TMS as international standard. The structure of ginsenoside Rh2 was shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 The chemical structure of ginsenoside Rh2.
Figure 1

The chemical structure of ginsenoside Rh2.

2.3 Mice

Female BALB/c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were obtained from Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co, Ltd. (Certificate No.: SCXK (Ji) 2011-0003, Changchun, China). Mice were kept in plastic cages in a clean environment, allowed free access to a standard laboratory diet and water. The room temperature was controlled at 24 ± 2°C. All experiments were under the direction of Animal Welfare and Research Ethics Committee of Jilin University.

2.4 LDCs generation in vitro

The generation of murine LDCs in vitro was modified according to the report[12]. Bone marrow cells were obtained from the spinal cavity of mice and cultured in RPMI-10 medium at 37°C with 5% CO2, treated with GM-CSF (20 ng/mL), IL-4 (100 ng/mL) and TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL). The medium was supplemented 3 d later. 4 d later, the supernatant of the cells were removed. The cells were suspended in RPMI-10 medium and treated with anti-mouse I-Ad antibody. After shaken on ice for 1 h, the cells were purified by anti-mouse IgG antibody. Cells obtained were used as LDCs accordingly. LDCs (2 ×105 cells/mL) were treated with OVA (30 μg/mL) and ginsenoside Rh2 (50 μmol/L) for 18 h.

2.5 T cells differentiation in vivo

18 h later, OVA and ginsenoside Rh2were removed from the LDCs, and LDCs (5×104 cells/mouse) were injected into both footpads of mice. 2 d later, OVA (30 μg) was injected into both footpads of mice as a booster. 5 d later, lymph nodes were dissected from the leg bends of mice and grinded to obtain lymph node cells.

2.6 Detection of cytokines and chemokine receptors on T cells by RT-PCR

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect mRNA expression in T lymph node cells. An mRNA extract kit was used to extract mRNA from lymph node cells. A cDNA synthesis kit was used to synthesize cDNA from the mRNA. PCR amplification of the cDNA products (2 μL) was performed in 15 μL of reaction mixture using an Ex Taq kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The primers used were listed below, according to the report [12]: IFN-γ, forward 5’-GCT ACA CAC TGC ATC TTG GCT TTG-3’ and reverse 5’-CAC TCG GAT GAG CTC ATT GAA TGC-3’; IL-4, forward 5’-AGT TGT CAT CCT GCT CTT CTT TCT C-3’ and reverse 5’-CGA GTA ATC CAT TTG CAT GAT GCT C-3’; CXCR3, forward 5’-ATC AGC GCC TCA ATG CCA C-3’ and reverse 5’-TGG CTT TCT CGA CCA CAG TT-3’; CCR4, forward 5’-TCT ACA GCG GCA TCT TCT TCA T-3’and reverse 5’-CAG TAC GTG TGG TTG TGC TCT G-3’.Thermal conditions for denaturation, annealing, and extension were as follow: 94°C for 4 min; 94°C for 45 s, 61°C for 45 s and 72°C for 2 min (35 cycles); 72°C for 7 min. The PCR products were mixed with SYBR Green| for 10 min and resolved in 2% agarose gels. The β-actin (forward 5’-GTG GGC CGC TCT AGG CAC CAA-3’ and reverse 5’-CTC TTT GAT GTC ACG CAC GAT TTC-3’) was detected as an internal control. Values were normalized to β-actin as relative expression levels.

2.7 Detection of Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokine receptors by FCM and ELISA

Lymph node cells were selected by anti-mouse CD4-FITC antibody. Receptors related to Th1/Th2 differentiation on CD4+ T cells were detected by flow cytometric (FCM), using anti-mouse CD183-APC (CXCR3) and anti-mouse CD194-PE (CCR4) antibody. Lymphocytes were washed with ice-cold PBS 3 times. FCM analysis was performed using FACS Calibur and Cell Quest software (BD Biosciences) immediately.

Lymph node cells (2×105 cells/well) were incubated in a 96-well plate, treated with mouse T-Activator CD3/CD28. The culture supernatants of CD3+/CD28+ lymphocytes were collected after incubation for 48 h at 37⍰ in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2, and the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 were determined with the ELISA kits.

2.8 Detection of surface molecules on LDCs by RT-PCR and FCM

An mRNA extract kit was used to extract mRNA from lymphocytes. A cDNA synthesis kit was used to synthesize cDNA from the mRNA. The primers used were listed as follows according to the report [13]: CD40, forward 5’-CCT GTA AGG AAG GAC AAC AC-3’ and reverse 5’-ATC ACG ACA GGA ATG ACC AG-3’; CD80, forward 5’-GAA GAC CGA ATC TAC TGG CA-3’ and reverse 5’-GGA AGC AAA GCA GGT AAT CC-3’; CD86, forward 5’-AGC CTG AGT GAG CTG GTA GT-3’ and reverse 5’-CCT GTT ACA TTC TGA GCC AG-3’. The PCR reactions and data analysis were performed as the method above.

2.9 Phagocytosis assay of LDCs

Endocytic activity of LDCs was assessed using FITC-OVA. LDCs were cultured with 1 mg/mL of FITC-OVA for 30 min at 4°C. LDCs were washed with ice-cold PBS 3 times. FCM analysis was performed using FACS Calibur and Cell Quest software (BD Biosciences) immediately.

2.10 Statistical analysis

Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical evaluation of the data was determined by one-way ANOVA. PASW Statistics 18 software was used in the evaluation. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant and P < 0.01 was considered to be statistically very significant.

3 Results

3.1 Th1 and Th2 regulation by LDCs treated with ginsenoside Rh2

The investigation of Th1/Th2 differentiation mainly focuses on cytokines and chemokine receptors expression on T cells. As the results of RT-PCR shown in Figure2, the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and CXCR3 were increased by ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs significantly. There was nosignificant change in the mRNA expression of IL-4 and CCR4.

Figure 2 Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on mRNA expression for Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokine receptors in T lymph node cells. Bands were quantified by densitometric analysis relative to β-actin. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.
Figure 2

Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on mRNA expression for Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokine receptors in T lymph node cells. Bands were quantified by densitometric analysis relative to β-actin. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.

FCM was applied to analyze the expression of CXCR3 and CCR4 on CD4+ T cells after the harvest of T lymph node cells. As the results shown in Figure3, ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs could increase the expression of CXCR3 and suppress the expression of CCR4 on CD4+ T cells, but statistically no significant differences were shown (seen|).

Figure 3 Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on CXCR3 and CCR4 among CD4+ T cells. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.
Figure 3

Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on CXCR3 and CCR4 among CD4+ T cells. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.

Much more, the cytokines in supernatants of CD3+/CD28+ T lymphocytes were detected by ELISA. As the results shown in Figure4, the production of IFN-γ was changed from 5667.5 ± 187.5 pg/mL to 11870.6 ± 703.1 pg/mL and production of IL-4 was changed from 270.0 ± 14.0 pg/mL to 178.5 ± 25.5 pg/mL. Th1-prone immune response for increasing IFN-γ production was induced by ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs significantly, while Th2-prone immune response for decreasing IL-4 production was affected slightly although not significantly.

Figure 4 Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on IFN-γ and IL-4 in the culture supernatants of T lymph node cells. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.
Figure 4

Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on IFN-γ and IL-4 in the culture supernatants of T lymph node cells. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.

According to the results above, ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs could enhance the differentiation of Th1 cells significantly through LDCs in vivo and then affect the balance of Th1/Th2. Since ginsenoside Rh2was removed before the injection, it would be appropriate to assume that ginsenoside Rh2 affected the functions of LDCs by acting on LDCs.

3.2 Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on LDCs functions

Aimed at clarifying the functions of LDCs after being treated by ginsenoside Rh2, surface molecules and endocytic activity of LDCs were investigated. The mRNA expression for CD40, CD80 and CD86 on LDCs were investigated by RT-PCR. As it is shown in Figure5, ginsenoside Rh2 has up-regulated the expression of CD40 and CD80 mRNA on LDCs, while the expression of CD86 mRNA was not affected drastically.

Figure 5 Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on mRNA expression for surface molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 on LDCs LDCs were pulsed with OVA for 18h in the absence or presence of ginsenoside Rh2. Bands in A were quantified by densitometric analysis relative to β-actin. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.
Figure 5

Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on mRNA expression for surface molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 on LDCs LDCs were pulsed with OVA for 18h in the absence or presence of ginsenoside Rh2. Bands in A were quantified by densitometric analysis relative to β-actin. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.

In the presence and absence of ginsenoside Rh2, the endocytic activity of LDCs was detected by FCM. The results were shown in Figure6. The average fluorescence intensity of engulfed FITC-OVA in LDCs treated without ginsenoside Rh2 was 10.22±1.34%. However, LDCs cultured with ginsenoside Rh2 showed lower average fluorescence intensity as 9.01 ± 1.43%. The results indicate that endocytic activity of LDCs was suppressed by treatment of ginsenoside Rh2.

Figure 6 Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on endocytic activity of LDCs. Percentages of OVA positive cells among LDCs reflect the antigen uptake of LDCs. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.
Figure 6

Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on endocytic activity of LDCs. Percentages of OVA positive cells among LDCs reflect the antigen uptake of LDCs. (Mean ± SD, N=3), *P<0.05 vs. control;** P<0.01 vs. control.

4 Discussion

Ginsenoside Rh2 has been proved to prevent allergic airway diseases. However, studies in the past have been stuck in the apparent phenomenon, such as release of inflammatory substances and organ damage [5, 6]. As an important part of immune response, investigation related to the effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on T cells regulation was necessary. In this work, we tried to clarify whether the anti-allergic effects of ginsenoside Rh2were realized byregulation of Th1 and Th2 cells differentiation through LDCs.

Most allergic diseases like bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are thought to be related with the Th1/Th2 immune imbalance [14, 15, 16]. As we all know, levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 are usually used to reflect the Th1/Th2 balance in allergy[17, 18, 19]. CXCR3 is a typical chemokine receptor expressed on Th1 cells while CCR4 is a typical chemokine receptor expressed on Th2 cells [2023]. Thus, the levels of these cytokines and chemokine receptors could indicate the differentiation of T cells. According to the results of Th1 and Th2 regulation by ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs, the mRNA expression for IFN-γ and CXCR3 was significantly increased. Although the decrease of mRNA expression for IL-4 and CCR4 did not reach the statistical significance and the Th1/Th2 immune balance was affected without a doubt. The results of FCM based on CD4+ T cells were consistant with the results above. Further-more, ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs also increased the production of IFN-γ significantly and decreased the production of IL-4 slightly in the culture supematants of CD3+/CD28+ T lymphocytes. By combining the experimental results of RT-PCR, FCM and ELISA assays, we can draw a conclusion that ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs could induce the differentiation of Th1 cells and regulate the Th1/Th2 immune balance toward a Th1-prone immune response.

DCs have a strong stimulating effect on T lymphocytes, and even a small number of DCs and very low levels of antigen can also induce an immune response to T lymphocytes, thereby initiating cellular immune response [24, 25]. The signals from DCs cause T cells to differentiate

into different subtypes [26]. To clarify the mechanism further, cell surface molecules on LDCs and endocytic activity of LDCs were investigated. In the present work, LDCs were generated in vitro and used as the substitution of LCs. According to a literature report, LDCs obtained expressed Langerin and E-cadherin, which were thought to be typical LC surface markers [12]. Co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 are typical molecules on LCs, which are related to the endocytic ability of LCs [27, 28]. The results of RT-PCR showed that ginsenoside Rh2 increased the expression of mRNA for co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80. Although the expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 seemed a little weak, they might augment upon maturation after injected in vivo. CD40 was reported to enhance Th1 differentiation by promoting IL-12 production from APCs [29]. Therefore, an increase of CD40 expression would explain why ginsenoside Rh2-treated LDCs enhanced Th1 cell’s development. In fact, some Notch ligands related to Th2 cell differentiation were investigated simultaneously. However, the expression was very weak, so the data were not shown here. The expression of CD80 is usually associated with the maturation of DCs, which in turn affects the antigen uptake of DCs [30]. In this work, there was a significant increase in expression of CD80, and the uptake of FITC-OVA was decreased with a little relatively. The results of endocytic activity did not show significant differences due to the limited sample size. The results indicated that ginsenoside Rh2 acted on LDCs and changed the functions of LDCs.

In conclusion, the present work indicates that Th1 and Th2 cells differentiation could be regulated by ginsenoside Rh2 through LDCs in vivo. The regulation was achieved by changing the antigen presenting capacity, maturation and phagocytosis functions of LDCs in vitro. This work draws a new medicinal action of ginsenoside Rh2 in allergic diseases.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31201295).

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest

  2. Supplemental Material: The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0016)

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Received: 2018-03-30
Accepted: 2018-09-03
Published Online: 2019-03-29

© 2019 Ying Liu et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0016
Keywords for this article
anti-allergic activity; ginsenoside Rh2; Langerhans cells; T cells differentiation
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
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