Startseite The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
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The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures

  • Dominika Barbara Matuszek EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 24. August 2019
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 17 Heft 1

Abstract

This paper presents the results of fluorescence-based analysis of homogeneity of five multicomponent granular mixtures. Analyses were performed using solutions of selected substances capable of emitting light following UV irradiation, namely Tinopal 0.03% and Rhodamine B 0.01%. Mixtures were spiked with the key component consisting of maize grains coated with the fluorescent solution. The tracer content was determined on the basis of computer image analysis, and the results were compared to those obtained using the traditional weighing method. On this basis, the proposed method was verified and assessed for applicability in estimating the homogeneity of mixtures comprised of 8, 10, 11, 14, and 20 components. The results suggest that both Tinopal and Rhodamine B may be used to estimate the tracer content in the tested mixtures.

Keywords: fluorescence; homogeneity; granular mixture; tracer

1 Introduction

The mixing of granular materials is a key process in numerous branches of industry, including the agri-food industry where an increase in animal feed production has been observed for several years. Appropriate homogeneity of the feed mixtures determines their energy and nutritional value, while simultaneously warranting an appropriate use of these mixtures; therefore, homogeneity is an important quality indicator [1, 2, 3, 4]. Mixing is a key process in feed production. The importance of mixing as well as factors affecting the correctness of the process have been described by many authors [3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. Many years of research were insufficient to the exhaust the issue, thus warranting further studies being conducted and novel solutions being employed for that purpose.

Following appropriate mixing time, random mixing status is attained. This means that the likelihood of finding a particle of a particular component is the same at every point within the bulk of the mixture. In the case of systems consisting of multiple different components, characterization of mixing status and homogeneity is one of the key analytical problems [5, 17]. Incomplete homogeneity can be achieved when mixing this type of system, and the status of the entire mixture may only be estimated on the basis of collected samples [18]. In laboratory practice, analysts have at their disposal appropriate tools to observe the behavior of granular particles [19, 20, 21, 22]. In industry, however, difficulties are still encountered in this regard. Solutions currently used in industrial practice usually consist of monitoring mixing status by determining the content of a key component in collected material samples [17, 23, 24, 25].

The use of fluorescence for detecting or separating selected material elements or tracking molecules has been the subject of many authors’ research. In particular, the development of non-invasive methods based on fluorescence and their application to examination of the constituent materials of works of art were presented by Romani, et al. [26]. Fluorescence has also been used, inter alia, for: chase analysis of amino acid systems [27], detection of cysteine ​in bioliquids [28], biodegradable hydrogel using Rodamine B [29] or identification of chemical compounds [30].

In the novel method proposed by the author of this study, the key component in an agri-food mixture consists of a selected mixture component (in this case, maize grains) coated with a fluorescent substance. The coated ingredient is introduced to the mixer because it is detectable via fluorescence following ultraviolet radiation. As a result, the quanitity of the key component in a sample may be determined accurately. The applicability of this approach has been confirmed by studies hitherto conducted by the authors. In the present study, the testing methodology is been presented, and an attempt was made to determine whether the mixture composition might present limitations to the applicability of the method.

2 Methods

The study was carried out using five different multicomponent granular mixtures (Table 1, Figure 1). Each of the mixtures contained maize as one of the components.

Figure 1 Feed mixtures used in researches.
Figure 1

Feed mixtures used in researches.

Table 1

Composition of study mixtures.

Number of components810111420Density (kg/m3)Average size (mm)
ComponentShare of component (%)
Barley-19---6003.42
Dari11041397258.14
Yellow maize32302912107427.20
Popcorn maize, small----77656.42
Red maize-36767143.85
Wheat389196107986.91
Pea mix-108-97847.22
Green pea4----7807.81
Yellow pea9,5----7924.29
Black pea, small--3-47904.54
Green pea, small--2-47004.05
Sorghum9922-104304.95
Sunflower1,5521317302.24
Millet54---7212.24
Red millet--3327322.26
Yellow millet--2-36532.50
Rape-1-2-5004.64
Safflower---14115503.48
Hemp---1226652.92
Hulled oat---5-8005.57
Soybeans---5-7002.28
Canary seed---31.256852.15
Linseed---31.257004.56
Mung bean---2-8004.63
Vetch----35503.23
Buckwheat----2.57602.25
Hulled rice----2.56002.34
Unhulled rice----1.56153.28
Mean feed grain size (mm)5.685.365.494.584.88--

A pour-through mixing station was used for the purposes of the study. A laboratory funnel flow mixer consisted of two identical containers with height of the cylindrical part of 200 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. Before each mixing, the mixing container was charged in the same manner to include 900g (90%) of feed and 100g (10%) of tracer. The key component, i.e. yellow maize, was wet-treated with tinopal and rhodamine B solutions. Tinopal was used at a concentration of 0.03% while rhodamine B was used at a concentration of 0.01%; both concentrations were determined to be optimal per the results of previous studies [25, 31, 32]. The properties of substances used are presented in Table 2.

Table 2

Applied fluorescent substances and their concentration.

FluorescentExcitationEmmisionCAS RegistryMolecularFormulaSolution (%)
substances(nm)(nm)Numbeweight
Tinopal35043027344-41-8562.6C28H20Na2O6S20.03
Rhodamine B55362788-81-9479.02C28H31ClN2O30.01

After completion of the mixing procedure (10 flows), ten samples (N=10) of 40 g were collected from the total volume of the mixing bed. This part of the test was carried out in a workstation consisting of an UV-lit chamber, digital camera, computer system with Patan® image analysis software, and analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.01g. A sample of the mixture was placed in a Petri dish (120 mm x 20 mm). The collected samples were placed in a dedicated chamber to ensure air tightness and separation from any external factors. The chamber was equipped with UV lighting (two UV rays 2x15W) controlled from the outside. The sample was placed horizontally on a movable shelf, and then the chamber was closed. Irradiation of samples triggered the fluorescence of the tracer. A camera lens was placed centrally over the sample, and it was used to obtain photos in BMP format (1600x1200 pixels). The obtained images were subjected to computer analysis using the RGB-256 color scale with Patan® software by Marek Krótkiewicz. The application allows the selection of a specific component from the surrounding background. In the first stage, three classes were segmented: 1- key component, 2 and 3 - background. In this process, each pixel of the image is assigned to the correct class in the RGB value. In the second stage, the tested surface was measured [33]. The obtained results of the key component content were verified against data obtained using a conventional method of manual separation and used to calculate the coefficient of variation as a parameter to assess the homogeneity of the mixture. The maximum acceptable difference between the results obtained by both methods was established at 5%. For each mixture, tests were carried out in triplicate.

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results

The evaluation and characterization of the mixing process of granular components is very complicated, due to a number of factors, including the variety of parameters that characterize mixing. In industrial practice, we are dealing with the mixing of many components that are characterized by a significant differentiation in terms of physicochemical parameters. Access to research and analytical methods applicable in such conditions is still limited. The proposed method using the phenomenon of

UV-induced fluorescence to follow the key component in multicomponent granular mixtures seems to be a desirable and at the same time innovative tool. The results of tests of the method are presented in Tables 2 and 3, and a graphical interpretation was made (Figure 2).

Figure 2 Graph box plot of the difference in percentage share of tracer covered with Tinopal and Rhodamine B for the tested feed mixtures.
Figure 2

Graph box plot of the difference in percentage share of tracer covered with Tinopal and Rhodamine B for the tested feed mixtures.

Table 3

Percentage content of the key component and the results of Student’s t-tests at α=0.05.

Number of mixtureShare of key component a (%)Difference (%)tp
Method 1bMethod 2c
Tinopal
17.50±0.957.50±0.932.55±0.92-0.0040.99645
27.18±1.407.16±1.472.81±1.450.0250.98020
36.75±1.246.70±1.282.22±1.550.0840.93401
46.97±1.106.96±1.042.94±1.330.0020.99844
56.39±0.876.32±0.902.95±1.350.1680.86859
Rhodamine B
17.15±0.867.13±0.901.54±0.690.0480.96219
27.33±1.297.32±1.231.43±0.810.0100.99206
37.17±1.247.12±1.192.12±0.830.0760.93948
47.21±1.317.17±1.372.31±2.340.0540.95749
57.21±1.027.10±1.052.73±1.370.2300.82053

  1. a Mean of three analyses and then samples ± SD (standard deviation)

    b Results obtained by the method using of computer image analysis

    c Results obtained by traditional method, manual separation

Table 3 presents the results of the percentage content of the key component as obtained by both methods along with the results of the Student’s t-test. Analyzing the data in Table 3, it can be observed that the results obtained using the fluorescence method are not significantly different from those obtained using the reference method. No cases of a difference exceeding the predefined threshold of 5% were observed. Differences obtained when Rhodamine B solution was used as the fluorescent agent were slightly lower compared to these obtained using Tinopal. However, the differences between both solutions were not significant (Figure 2). In addition, comparative analysis (Student’s test for α=0.05) revealed no difference in the tracer content results obtained using both methods.

Figure 2 provide a graphical interpretation of the differences between the results obtained by the two methods (i.e. computer image analysis and manual separation). The results confirm the conclusions presented above. Differences were lower when Rhodamine B solution was used as the fluorescent agent, particularly in the case of mixtures 1 and 3, which were mixtures comprised of 8, 10, and 11 components. No such trends were observed for Tinopal. The importance of this differentiation was analyzed by means of statistical analytical methods. The analysis consisted of demonstrating the significance of differences between the results obtained for five different mixtures (r=5). To this end, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used at α=0.05. The obtained results revealed a lack of statistically significant differences between the results obtained for five mixtures using Tinopal (F=0.477, p=0.75218) and Rhodamine B (F=1.429, p=0.23991). Thus, one may assume that the number of mixture components and the mean size of grains are not important limiting factors for the use of fluorescence in the analysis of the key component content.

Analyzing the results presented in Table 4, it can be observed that in two cases, the results of feed homogeneity exceeded the predefined threshold of 5%. This was the case for the mixture consisting of 14 components (mixture 4) with either Tinopal or Rhodamine B traced seeds. The magnitude of the differences were 5.64% for Tinopal and 5.13% for Rhodamine B. Mixture 4 was characterized by the lowest mean size of particles (d=4.58 mm). In the remaining cases, the predefined threshold was not exceeded. The lowest difference level of 1.85% was observed for mixture 1 for Tinopal only. The mixture consisted of the lowest number of components (8 components) and had the largest mean component size of 5.68mm. On the basis of the calculated differences between results obtained using both methods (Tables 3 and 4), one may conclude that the use of data pertaining to the content of a fluorescent-coated component for determination of feed homogeneity may be subject to error. Therefore, an analysis was performed to determine any significant difference between feed homogeneity results obtained using both methods. Results of a Student’s t-test at the significance level α=0.05 revealed no significant difference in the homogeneity of mixtures as determined using both methods for Tinopal (t=-0.129, p=0.90021) as well as Rhodamine B (t=-0.113, p=0.91311). The analysis of the results did not demonstrate any effects of the key parameters, such as the number of components and the mean grain size, on the applicability of the fluorescence method in the assessment of mixing efficacy. However, further tests are warranted, particularly using mixtures characterized by significant comminution.

Table 4

Coefficients of variation (CV) of homogeneity of mixtures.

Number of mixtureCoefficient of variation CV ( %)Difference (%)
Method 1aMethod 2b
Tinopal
112.6612.421.85
219.5020.484.80
318.4419.153.71
415.7414.905.64
513.5814.284.96
Rhodamine B
112.0612.674.82
217.5916.844.45
317.2616.683.48
418.1319.115.13
514.1114.754.34

  1. a Results obtained by the method using of computer image analysis

    b Results obtained by traditional method, manual separation

The proposed solution may be used in the homogeneity assessment of multicomponent granular mixtures that are characterized by a significant differentiation. Limitations of this method were not found in relation to the number of mixed components, which is particularly desirable in industrial conditions, e.g. when mixing industrial feeds.

4 Conclusions

  1. UV-induced fluorescence may be effectively used for the assessment of the content of a key component in a multicomponent granular mixture. The number and variety of ingredients subjected to mixing does not affect the limitations of this method, which is particularly important in industrial conditions.

  2. No significant differences were observed between the results of the determination of the tracer content using the tested method and the reference method, both for Tinopal and Rhodamine B as the fluorescence-bearing agent.

  3. Neither of the test substances was shown to be superior to the other in terms of result precision. Thus, both Tinopal and Rhodamine B may be used at specific concentrations (of 0.03% and 0.01%, respectively) to assess the content of a tracer component in multicomponent feed mixtures.

  4. Larger differences were observed with regard to the homogeneity of mixtures as assessed using both methods. The cut-off threshold of 5% was exceeded for the mixture characterized by the lowest mean grain size. The differences, however, were not statistically significant.

  5. No impact of the number of mixture components was demonstrated with regard to the study results. On the other hand, further studies are warranted due to the ambiguity of results in relation to the mean size of mixture components.

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2018-09-29
Accepted: 2019-03-06
Published Online: 2019-08-24

© 2019 Dominika Barbara Matuszek, published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0058
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
fluorescence; homogeneity; granular mixture; tracer
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Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
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