Startseite The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
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The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment

  • Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak EMAIL logo , Marcin Sajdak , Katarzyna Rychlewska und Jan Figa
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 31. Dezember 2019
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 17 Heft 1

Abstract

Coke oven liquor is one of the most contaminated liquid streams generated by the coal processing industry, thus its proper treatment and utilization is crucial for sustainable and environmentally neutral plant operation. The conventional wastewater treatment process comprises of chemical and biological processes. Within the current research the detailed role of chemical treatment is described. Commercially available iron-based coagulants (PIX100, PIX100COP, PIX113, PIX116) were tested to understand their removal efficiency and impact on the stream parameters. The influence of iron dose in the range of 300-500 mgFe/L on the process performance was also examined.

It was found that the main role of chemical treatment was to bind toxicants harmful to activated sludge microorganisms, i.e. free and complex cyanides and sulphides. Among the tested iron-based conventional coagulants ferrous salts were more efficient than ferric salts. It was also observed that efficiency of the process strongly depended on wastewater properties (especially in regard to pH, which should be in the range of 9-10) and the coagulant selection needed to be done individually for a given wastewater type. The removal rates of particular contaminants were diversified and for free cyanides, complex cyanides and sulphides they were in the range of 23-91%, -156-77% and -357-98%, respectively. The expected, simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) during the treatment was not observed and even the parameter value increased after the process due to probable formation of compounds less vulnerable to oxidation.

Keywords: coke oven wastewater; coagulation; cyanides; sulphides; treatment

1 Introduction

Coke is produced during pyrolysis of coal carried out in coke oven batteries comprised of special chambers called coke ovens operated at temperatures reaching up to 1,200°C. During the process, volatile compounds are released from coal forming coke oven gas, whereas the remaining mass, i.e. coke, contains mainly carbon and non-volatile minerals [1]. The scheme of coke production at a typical coke oven plant is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 The scheme of coke production at a coke oven plant.
Figure 1

The scheme of coke production at a coke oven plant.

The coke is mainly used in the iron and steel industry and its worldwide annual production in the last decade varied from 650 to 700 Mt [2]. The second product of coal pyrolysis, i.e. coke oven gas, after the treatment and recovery of so called coal derivatives, i.e. tars and benzol, is used for heating of coke ovens and for other energy generation purposes, usually inside the plant. The processing of coke oven gas starts with cooling, during which condensation of organic compounds and water vapor, which washes out some inorganic gas components like ammonia, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulphide from the gas, occurs [3,4]. The condensate, known also as coal liquor, is firstly introduced to the tars separation department, in which water insoluble organic compounds are separated and directed to further processing. The remaining aqueous phase, from this stage called ammoniacal liquor, is used for flushing cooling of coke oven gas and, in case of plants operated with ammoniacal method of gas desulphurization, is involved in further washing of hydrogen sulphide from the gas [5, 6, 7]. However, the amount of ammoniacal liquor is always higher than the amount required for technological purposes. This excess liquor is directed to ammonia stripping carried out at alkaline conditions, and the stripping column downstream is the influent of coke oven wastewater treatment plant [8, 9, 10]. The scheme of formation of coke oven wastewater is presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2 The scheme of formation of coke oven wastewater.
Figure 2

The scheme of formation of coke oven wastewater.

It is assumed that at a typical plant for every 1 ton of coke produced 1-1.5 m3 of coke oven wastewater is generated [11, 12, 13]. The qualitative composition of coke oven wastewater is well recognized whereas ranges of concentrations of particular compounds present in the stream vary depending on many factors, among which the coal quality and coke oven gas processing methods are the most important. In Table 1 the typical composition of a raw coke oven wastewater (i.e. ammoniacal liquor after stripping) is presented.

Table 1

Typical composition of raw coke oven wastewater.

ParameterUnitConcentration range
pH-7-9.5
Specific conductivityμS/cm5,000-12,500
CODmgO2/L2,000-6,500
BOD5mgO2/L800-3,000
PAHsmg/L5-150
Sulphidesmg/L10-50
Cyanidesmg/L5-20
Thiocyanatesmg/L50-420
Phenolsmg/L500-1,500
Ammoniamg/L50-200
Chloridesmg/L2,500-3,500
Sulphatesmg/L900-1,200

A coke oven wastewater treatment plant is usually arranged in a conventional way, i.e. firstly the physicochemical treatment of the stream is performed and it is followed by biological removal of ammonia (by nitrification/denitrification) and organic compounds (phenols) [14, 15, 16, 17]. The chemical treatment is based on a coagulation process in which iron containing coagulants (ferrous/ferric chloride/sulphate) are used which results in the occurrence of following reactions [7, 8, 11, 12]:

(1)Fe+2+HS−→FeS↓+H+
(2)FeS+HS−→FeS2+H+
(3)Fe+2+6CN→Fe(CN)6−4
(4)Fe+3+6CN−→Fe(CN)6−3
(5)4Fe+3+3Fe(CN)6−4→Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3↓
(6)Fe+3+Fe(CN)6−3→Fe[Fe(CN)6]↓
(7)2Fe+2+Fe(CN)6−4→Fe[Fe(CN)6]↓
(8)3Fe+2+2Fe(CN)6−3→Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2↓

The biological treatment usually comprises of nitrification and denitrification processes which enable the efficient removal of ammonia and phenols. For better performance of the treatment, preliminary ammonification dedicated to decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and thiocyanates may be used, while for the improvement of COD decrease separate biological reactors for organic compounds decomposition may be installed. The exemplary schemes of different coke oven wastewater treatment plant arrangements are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Different arrangements of coke oven wastewater treatment plants.
Figure 3

Different arrangements of coke oven wastewater treatment plants.

Within the current research the role and the efficiency of chemical treatment carried out with the use of commercially available iron-based coagulants was examined. The impact of the coagulant type and dose on cyanides, sulphides, COD, pH and salinity of coke oven wastewater compared to the raw stream parameters was investigated.

2 Methods

2.1 Feedstock characteristics

Four types of commercially available coagulants based on different iron salts were used to treat raw coke oven wastewaters of different parameters sampled at three coke oven plants of diversified production profile. In Table 2, the characteristic of the coagulants is given and the parameters of raw coke oven wastewaters (COW) used in the experiments are presented in Table 3.

Table 2

The characteristics of coagulants used in the research.

CoagulantTrade nameFe2+ contentFetot. contentpHFree acid
FeCl2PIX10010.3±0.7%10.3±0.7%<12÷4%
FeSO4PIX100COP6.0±1.0%6.0±1.0%~11.5÷2.5%
Fe2(SO4)3PIX1130.4±0.3%11.8±0.4%<1-0.5÷0.0%
FeCl3PIX116max. 0.5%11.5±0.5%<10.5÷3.0%
Table 3

Characteristics of coke oven wastewater used in the research.

ParameterUnitCOW1COW2COW3
pH-9.849.3712.25
ConductivityμS/cm10,4238,72914,738
Redox potentialmV-135.2-107.5-263.1
Free cyanidesmg/L7.796.179.29
Complex cyanidesmg/L7.971.207.10
Sulphidesmg/L9.392.209.97
CODmgO2/L3,6494,1255,370
Chloridesmg/L2,7001,7942,698
Sulphatesmg/L135255293

2.2 Experimental procedure

1 L of coke oven wastewater was introduced to the laboratory coagulation reactor of total volume of 1.3 L and mixed for 1 minute at 50 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. Next, the proper dose of coagulant corresponding to the desired amount of iron was introduced and the system was vigorously mixed for 1 minute at 200 rpm. All coagulants were tested at three different doses, recalculated to the amount of iron introduced to the system, i.e. 300, 400, 500 mgFe/L. Next, the mixing was slowed down to 50 rpm and the system was mixed at such conditions for 5 minutes. Finally, the mixture was left for 30 minutes for flocculation and settling and after this time the portion of supernatant was collected for analysis.

2.3 Analytical procedures

The content of free cyanides (CN free) and sulphides was determined using ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). The standard procedure included isocratic separation of both anions in 15 minutes using Thermo-Scientific IonPac AS7 (250mm×2mm) analytical column and guard (50mm×2mm) column set with 600 mM degassed sodium hydroxide at a flow rate of 0.250 cm3/min and column temperature of 30°C. Analytes were detected by PAD using a silver working electrode, combined with pH-Ag/AgCl reference electrode in AgCl mode. The PAD waveform used for these experiments was a three-potential waveform optimized for silver electrodes and cyanide, sulphide, iodide, and thiosulphate anions in a hydroxide eluent. The method was suitable for cyanides and sulphides concentrations in the range 0.05 to 5 mg/L. Due to the complexity of the coke oven wastewater matrix, the analytical samples were firstly diluted with eluate solution in order to assure complete dissociation of cyanide and sulphide salts and allowed analysis in the desired detection range. Determination of total cyanide concentration comprised of thermal distillation in acidic conditions with a copper catalyst, during which evolved hydrogen cyanide was collected in alkaline solution placed in gas washers. The obtained analytical samples were then introduced to IC-PAD analysis and the procedure used for free cyanides detection was followed. The content of complex cyanide (CN complex) was calculated as the difference between total and free cyanides concentration. The amounts of chlorides and sulphates were analyzed using ion chromatography with conductometric detection (IC-CD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined by a spectrophotometric method preceded with sample mineralization with potassium dichromate according to HACH procedure. pH and conductivity of process streams were measured with the use of dedicated measuring probes.

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Free cyanides

In Figures 4-6 the impact of coagulant type and dose on the final concentration of free cyanides measured in particular coke oven wastewater is shown. The desired free cyanide concentration permitted for biological loop influent was established at 0.5 mg/L (standard).

Figure 4 Final concentration of free cyanides in coke oven wastewater 1 (COW1).
Figure 4

Final concentration of free cyanides in coke oven wastewater 1 (COW1).

Figure 5 Final concentration of free cyanides in coke oven wastewater 2 (COW2).
Figure 5

Final concentration of free cyanides in coke oven wastewater 2 (COW2).

Figure 6 Final concentration of free cyanides in coke oven wastewater 3 (COW3).
Figure 6

Final concentration of free cyanides in coke oven wastewater 3 (COW3).

It was found that coagulation efficiency strongly depended on all considered process parameters, i.e. coagulant type, dose and coke oven wastewater properties and any relevant relationship between these parameters could not be found. It is a very important conclusion which suggests that coagulation/chemical treatment loop of every coke oven wastewater treatment plant should be recognized individually and coagulation process parameters should be selected on the basis of preliminary research. Among tested coagulants, PIX100COP most efficiently decreased free cyanides concentration in COW1 (Figure 4), when it was dosed in the amount of 400 and 500 mgFe/L, while in case of COW2 PIX116 at dose of 500 mgFe/L was the most sufficient (Figure 5). The best treatment effect in COW3 was obtained for PIX100 coagulant (Figure 6).

3.2 Complex cyanides removal

In Figures 7-9 the impact of coagulant type and dose on the final concentration of complex cyanides in all treated coke oven wastewaters is shown. The standard, i.e. maximum complex cyanides concentration equal to 5.0 mg/L permitted for biological loop influent was established. Additionally, as complex cyanides appeared in the stream as a result of free cyanides complexation, the results were referred to initial concentration of the contaminant in the raw stream.

Figure 7 Final concentration of complex cyanides in COW1.
Figure 7

Final concentration of complex cyanides in COW1.

Figure 8 Final concentration of complex cyanides in COW2.
Figure 8

Final concentration of complex cyanides in COW2.

Figure 9 Final concentration of complex cyanides in COW3.
Figure 9

Final concentration of complex cyanides in COW3.

The best removal of complex cyanides was observed for COW2 for which the standard concentration (5 mg/L) was always obtained regardless of coagulant type or dose (Figure 8). It resulted from the relatively low concentration of the contaminant in raw stream (1.2 mg/L) and the effect of pH discussed in chapter 3.4. On the other hand, the decrease in contaminant concentration in COW3 was very poor which was most probably related to the pH effect, as even after coagulant addition the wastewater remained highly alkaline (Figure 9). In the case of COW1, only the PIX100COP coagulant did not assure the required elimination of complex cyanides (Figure 7). Nevertheless, the conclusion from free cyanides removal efficiency was confirmed, i.e. the affinity of a wastewater to chemical treatment should be checked individually for a given wastewater.

3.3 Sulphides removal

In Figures 10-12 the impact of coagulant type and dose on the final concentration of sulphides in the tested coke oven wastewaters is shown. The same standard as for free cyanides, i.e. maximum sulphides concentration equal to 0.5 mg/L permitted for biological loop influent was established.

Figure 10 Final concentration of sulphides in COW1.
Figure 10

Final concentration of sulphides in COW1.

Figure 11 Final concentration of sulphides in COW2.
Figure 11

Final concentration of sulphides in COW2.

Figure 12 Final concentration of sulphides in COW3.
Figure 12

Final concentration of sulphides in COW3.

In the case of sulphide removal, better performance of ferrous coagulants was observed for COW1 and COW2, for which the permissible concentration or level close to it was obtained for both PIX100 and PIX100COP coagulants. On the other hand, the addition of ferric coagulants to COW2 resulted in the increase of sulphide concentration, even above their initial concentration in raw coke oven wastewater (Figure 11). Probably, ferric ions caused the decomposition of some sulphuric compounds present in the wastewater and free sulphides were revealed. In the case of COW3 the doses of all coagulants equal to 400 and 500 mgFe/L allowed for efficient sulphides concentration decrease with the exception of PIX100COP coagulant where the performance was not sufficient enough to effectively eliminate the contaminant from this watewater (Figure 12).

3.4 Effect on COD, pH and salinity

Coagulation, except for cyanides and sulphides removal, is also regarded as a process suitable for elimination of some organic compounds, which is accompanied by decrease of COD. Thus, in Figures 13-15 the effect of coagulant type and dose on COD removal rate is shown.

Figure 13 COD removal rate in COW1.
Figure 13

COD removal rate in COW1.

Figure 14 COD removal rate in COW2.
Figure 14

COD removal rate in COW2.

Figure 15 COD removal rate in COW3.
Figure 15

COD removal rate in COW3.

Surprisingly, it was observed that coagulation not only did not improve COD of coke oven wastewater but also, in many cases increased the parameter value and negative removal rates were observed. It was probably caused by reactions of ferric and ferrous ions with a number of compounds present in coke oven wastewater, which led to formation of compounds less vulnerable to oxidation.

Despite its treatment effect, coagulation is also known to cause both, pH decrease and salinity increase. Thus, in Figures 16-18 the impact of coagulant dose on wastewater pH is shown, while in Table 4 the increase of chlorides and sulphates concentration in regard to the respective coagulant dose is presented.

Figure 16 Effect of coagulant type and dose on pH of COW1.
Figure 16

Effect of coagulant type and dose on pH of COW1.

Figure 17 Effect of coagulant type and dose on pH of COW2.
Figure 17

Effect of coagulant type and dose on pH of COW2.

Figure 18 Effect of coagulant type and dose on pH of COW3.
Figure 18

Effect of coagulant type and dose on pH of COW3.

Table 4

Effect of coagulant addition on wastewater salinity.

Concentration in raw wastewater, mg/Lmg of Cl- /100 mg of Femg of SO42−/100 mg of Fe
Cl-SO42−PIX100PIX116PIX100COPPIX113
COW12,70013518711036207
COW21,79425517418152209
COW32,69629316416044210
Average2,39722817515144208

It was observed, that in general pH decreased with coagulant dose, however the final effect depended on coagulant type and the buffering capacity of wastewater. Hence, in COW1 and COW2 the pH decreased most significantly with ferric coagulant addition. On the other hand, the effect of dose was more noticeable for the ferrous coagulant PIX100 in case of COW2, while in case of COW1, increase in ferric coagulants dose more significantly influenced on the pH change. COW3, the most alkaline among all investigated wastewaters, was less susceptible to pH decrease. Finally, it was observed that PIX100COP coagulant affected coke oven wastewater pH to the lowest extent regardless of the stream type.

In the case of salinity it was found that chloride based coagulants affected the wastewater salinity in a comparable way and the amount of chlorides in wastewater increased by 175 mg Cl-/100 mg of Fe in the case of PIX100 and by 151 mgCl-/100 mg of Fe for of PIX116. On the other hand, significant differences in salinity change were found for sulphate based coagulants. For PIX100COP, amount of sulphates introduced with coagulant was 44 mgSO mgSO42−/100 mg of Fe, while for PIX113 it was 208 mgSO42−/100 mg of Fe. In refer to raw coke oven wastewater, introduction of chlorides with coagulants resulted in 6-7% increase in their concentration per 100 mg of Fe added, while in case of sulphate based coagulants, the anion concentration increased from 20 to 91% per 100 mg of Fe added.

4 Conclusions

The research on the conventional coagulation process application to coke oven wastewater treatment resulted in very interesting conclusions. First of all, affinity of wastewater to treatment by means of coagulation should be checked for each wastewater type as removal of the process target contaminants, i.e. cyanides and sulphides, strongly depends on raw wastewater parameters. Therefore the coagulant type and dose has to be specifically selected. However, considering the valence of iron in applied coagulants, it may be concluded that ferrous based coagulants are more efficient in eliminating target contaminants than ferric ones. The desired effect of COD decrease is quite poor and in some cases a negative removal rate can be obtained. Coagulation always results in pH decrease, however the parameter affection depends on wastewater type and coagulant type, but this decrease is always greater with coagulant dose increase. Ferrous coagulants decrease the solution pH to a lesser extent than ferric ones. Finally, the overall salinity affection is less significant if chloride based coagulants are used, as the amount of chlorides in raw coke oven wastewater is much higher than the amount of sulphates. Thus, chloride based coagulants cause the increase in chlorides content below 10% per every 100 mg of Fe added in refer to their initial concentration in the stream, while the addition of sulphate based coagulants changes sulphates content in the stream from 20 to 91% per every 100 mg of Fe added.

Acknowledgements

The investigations in this paper were made within the INNOWATREAT project that has received funding from the Research Fund for Coal and Steel under grant agreement No 710078 and from Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education from financial resources on science in 2016-2019.

  1. Conflict of interest Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2018-12-03
Accepted: 2019-10-16
Published Online: 2019-12-31

© 2019 Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0142
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
coke oven wastewater; coagulation; cyanides; sulphides; treatment
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Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
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