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Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions

  • Hongling Wang , Xuejing Si , Tunhua Wu and Ping Wang EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 6, 2019
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Open Chemistry
From the journal Open Chemistry Volume 17 Issue 1

Abstract

A new type of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) was prepared with simple and fast methods and low-toxic compounds. With the addition of different concentrations of AgNPs, the effects of AgNPs on the fluorescence properties of three different kinds of fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin ENR, lomefloxacin LMF and norfloxacin NOR) in water solutions were studied, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity for each of the fluoroquinolones (FQ)was firstly enhanced and then quenched with the increased concentration of AgNPs in water solutions. The possible mechanisms about the AgNPs on the fluorescence behaviors of each FQ were also investigated, respectively. In addition, new silver enhanced nanoparticles materials fluorescence methods were established for the separate determination of ENR, LMF and NOR in water solutions. As compared with the identical control fluorimetric methods with no addition of AgNPs, the new enhanced fluorimetic methods were also investigated, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the new enhanced methods could detect lower concentrations of ENR, LMF and NOR in water solutions. Moreover, the newly enhanced fluorimetric methods were validated and successfully applied for the quantitative assay of ENR, LMF and NOR in different kinds of medicinal preparations, respectively.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords: Metal-enhanced fluorescence; Silver nanoparticles; Flurorimetry; Enrofloxacin; Lomefloxacin; Norfloxacin

1 Introduction

Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is usually generated by the interactions of fluorophores with metal. It has been widely used in many research areas, including protein labeling, single molecule detection, immunoassay, fluorescence sensors and the detection of DNA [1, 2, 3]. In order to achieve MEF, metal nanomaterials, especially silver and gold, are considered as the critical factor for the fluorescence enhancement of fluorescent chemicals. Due to the wide application of MEF, many studies about precious metals have been correspondingly increased [4,5]. However, development of enhancing fluorescence by looking for new nanomaterials is still lacking. It has been reported that most of those studies based on MEF have been performed on the surface of solid substrates [6]. However, most of the life activities, physiological and biochemical reactions are carried out in water solutions [7]. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the effects of several metallic nanomaterials through the MEF in the water solutions [7, 8]. Silver nanomaterials (AgNPs) have been widely used due to their short absorption wavelength and wide wavelength range about their applications [9,10]. In addition, a large amount of research has been devoted to the synthesis and characterization of stable AgNPs [11, 12, 13, 14]. However, most of the conventional methods for the synthesis of AgNPs always use organic solvents, which might be prone to secondary pollution in the environment [11,13,14].

As the third generation of quinolone antibiotics, the drugs of FQs are effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One example is ciprofloxacin, one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide [17,18]. Thus, most of these drugs have led to a significant increase into the environment as prototypes or active metabolites in recent years. In addition, some experimental results demonstrated that these FQs might change the structures of microorganisms in the soil and aquatic environment, which eventually lead to drug resistant bacteria [19,20].

According to the reports, the aquatic environment serves as one of the most important sinks of trace FQs [21]. Up until now, many analytical techniques have been used for the detection of FQs. For instance, high performance liquid chromatography [22,23], capillary electrophoresis [24,25], liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry [26,27] and ultraviolet spectrophotometry [28,29]. Nevertheless, most of the above methods tend to require expensive and sophisticated instruments and complicated pretreatment processes. Among those methods, the fluorimetry is relatively simple, time-saving, sensitive and low-cost. It is reported that almost all the FQs contained in the conjugated heterocyclic ring could produce fluorescence. However, because of their low quantum yield, the fluorimetric methods are limited in the determination of FQs in water solutions. Therefore, it is very important to establish some methods for enhancing the fluorescence intensity of FQs in water solutions.

And in our previous studies, two different types of AgNPs were prepared by “green” methods. In the meantime, new AgNPs enhanced fluorescence methods were established for the determination of some fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines in water solutions, respectively [15,16]. Herein, for the first time, the sodium dihydrogen citrate and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as the low-toxic compounds were utilized for synthesis of a new type of AgNPs. In addition, with the increasing concentrations of AgNPs, three different kinds of FQs (enrofloxacin ENR, lomefloxacin LMF and norfloxacin NOR) (Figure 1) were investigated in water solutions, respectively. And the possible mechanisms about the AgNPs on the fluorescence behaviors of each FQ were also studied, respectively. Moreover, new silver enhanced nanoparticles fluorescence methods for the determination of trace ENR, LMF and NOR in water solutions were established, respectively. What is more, these new established fluorescence methods were validated and applied to the separate determination of ENR, LMF and NOR in medicinal preparations.

Figure 1 Chemical structure of ENR, LMF and NOR.
Figure 1

Chemical structure of ENR, LMF and NOR.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Chemicals and instrumentations

All chemicals about ENR, LMF and NOR were of analytical regent grade; Deionized water was used in this experiment. Stock solutions consisting of ENR, LMF and NOR were stored in a refrigerator (4℃), respectively. The stock solutions were further diluted as working solutions prior to us. The medicinal preparations were all bought from hospital in Wenzhou, China. For comparision, two different kinds of medicinal preparations of ENR injections (A and B) LMF (ear drops C and ear drops D) NOR capsules (E and F) were used.

Fluorescence measurements were performed using a spectrofluorophotometer (F-4600, Hitachi, Japan). A program was developed to obtain the values of maximum excitation wavelength (λex) and emission wavelength (λem) at any constant fluorescence intensity value. In addition, all the UV absorption spectra 4 were obtained using a spectrophotometer (UV-2550, Shinadzu, Japan). Moreover, the morphology and particle size of the AgNPs solutions were described by the transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, LEO-1530, Oxford, UK). All experiments were carried out at room temperature.

2.2 Preparation of the AgNPs solutions

A new type of AgNP was prepared as follows: a certain amount of tartaric acid was added to the sodium dihydrogen citrate for preparation of the sodium tartrate solutions. Briefly, in a 250-ml three-necked flask, 0.25 g β-CD, 1 ml of 38.8 mol/L sodium tartrate, 2 ml of 0.1 mol/L silver nitrate, and 47 ml of ultrapure water were mixed and heated; the reaction was vigorously stirred at 100°C for 1 h. Finally, the yellow AgNPs (1×10-3 mol/L) solutions were obtained and stored at 4°C. All experiments were carried out at room temperature.

2.3 Establishment of new silver enhanced nanoparticles materials fluorescence methods four determination of FQ in water solutions

In this work, the fluorescence behaviors of the three kinds of FQs dissolved in the AgNPs solutions were investigated, respectively. Moreover, with the addition of AgNPs in the appropriate dilution, the strongest fluorescence intensities of each FQ were observed. Finally, new enhanced fluorometric intensities of each FQ were observed. Finally, the new silver enhanced nanoparticles fluorescence method for determination of each FQ was established in water solutions, respectively.

2.4 Analysis of each FQ in the medicinal preparations

In this section, the procedures for the medicinal preparations of each FQ were as follows: (1) A certain volume of the ENR injections with two different kinds were diluted by the deionized water and added with a certain amount of AgNPs. Then the mixture for each of the ENR injections was directly determinated of their fluorescence intensity, respectively. (2) The ear and eye drops of LMF were separately diluted by the deionized water by adding of certain volume of AgNPs. Then the mixed solution of the ear and eye drops was placed into the fluorescence spectrophotometer for direct determination of their fluorescence intensity, respectively. (3) Ten pieces of NOR capsules with two kinds were separately selected and ground into homogenized powders. Then the homogenized powders for the ten pieces of NOR capsules were weighted, and the content for each of the capsule for each of the NOR capsules could be accurately measured, respectively. Then the powders were diluted by the deionized water with 5×10-5 mol/L sodium dihydrogen citrate solutions, respectively. In addition, the mixed solutions for each of the NOR capsules were separately filtered through the membranes. And some volume of the filtered product was separately added with a certain amount of AgNPs. Finally, the fluorescence intensities for each of the NOR capsules could be obtained, respectively. Each experiment repeated three times. All of the data were obtained at room temperature.

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Characterizations of fluorescence spectra of the FQs in water solutions

Steady-state fluorescence spectra of the three kinds of FQs were firstly determined in water solutions. It was obvious that the experimental results indicated that the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of ENR, LMF and NOR were basically identical, because of their similar molecular structures. Figure 2 shows the λex and λem of the ENR, LMF and NOR in the water solutions, respectively. As can be seen from Figure 2, the determination wavelengths for the three kinds of FQs were chosen as: ENR: λex=277 nm, λem＝442 nm; LMF: λex=285 nm, λem=450 nm; and NOR: λex=276 nm, λem=440 nm. Simultaneously, the autofluorescence of the solvent was very weak, which could not affect the accuracy of the measurements for the ENR, LMF and NOR in water solutions.

Figure 2 Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of each FQ mixed with AgNPs (a) and in water (b), (c): water, (d): AgNPs solution.
Figure 2

Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of each FQ mixed with AgNPs (a) and in water (b), (c): water, (d): AgNPs solution.

In the present study, a series of the standard solutions for the ENR, LMF and NOR with different concentrations were prepared and their fluorescence intensities were determined under identical experimental conditions. The results demonstrated that, within a certain range, good linear relationships were obtained between the concentrations for each of the FQ and their fluorescence intensities in water solutions. The experimental results were shown in Figure 3. Therefore, the fluorimetric methods for determination of ENR, LMF, and NOR in water solutions were established, respectively. And the experimental results were shown in Table 1.

Figure 3 the alongside with the approximation line for each of the FQ.
Figure 3

the alongside with the approximation line for each of the FQ.

Table 1

Performance date for determination of ENR, LMF and NOR in aqueous solutions.

MethodLiner range

(mg L-1)		Calibration

equation		Correlation

coefficient		Detection

limit (μg L-1)
10.10-0.60yb=15915xa+

452.7		R=0.99930.14
20.0050-0.30y=31963x+

17.911		R=0.99930.058
30.10-0.70y=13476x-

273.71		R=0.99910.19
40.050-0.50y=17283x-

11.639		R=0.99930.15
50.050-0.50y=15105x-

150.01		R=0.99910.14
60.010-0.45y=21131x+

151.89		R=0.99970.12

  1. 1: Fluorimetric method for determination of ENR with no addition of AgNPs in water solutions

    2: New silver enhanced nanoparticles materials fluorescence method for determination of ENR in water solutions

    3: Fluorimetric method for determination of LMF with no addition of AgNPs in water solutions

    4: New silver enhanced nanoparticles materials fluorescence method for determination of LMF in water solutions

    5: Fluorimetric method for determination of NOR with no addition of AgNPs in water solutions

    6: New silver enhanced nanoparticles materials fluorescence method for determination of NOR in water solutions

    a: Concentration of each FQ (mg L-1)

    b: Relative fluorescence intensity of each FQ

3.2 Characterizations of the AgNPs in water solutions

In our previous studies, two different types of AgNPs were prepared by “green” methods [15, 16, 30]. In this study, a new type of AgNPs synthesized with simple technical processes and low-toxic compounds produced brilliant yellow colloidal solutions. Further studies showed that the AgNPs could steadily survive at room temperature for two months. In addition, the spectra feature and the morphology of the AgNPs were investigated by UV spectrophotometry, TEM and SEM, respectively (Figure 4). As shown in Figure 4(a), the maximum absorption peak of AgNPs was located at 410 nm, which was the typical surface plasmon resonance absorption peak of AgNPs [15, 16, 31]. Figure 4(b) and Figure 4(c) showed the TEM and SEM images of AgNPs, which indicated that the AgNPs had similarly spherical particles with good sample dispersibility. Moreover, the average diameter was approximately 50±1nm.

Figure 4 Characteristics of AgNPs in water solutionsa: UV-vis absorption spectrum of the AgNPsb: TEM image of the AgNPsc: SEM image of the AgNPs.
Figure 4

Characteristics of AgNPs in water solutions

a: UV-vis absorption spectrum of the AgNPs

b: TEM image of the AgNPs

c: SEM image of the AgNPs.

3.3 The fluorescence behaviors for each of the FQ influenced by AgNPs in water solutions

In this section, the influences of different concentrations of AgNPs on the fluorescence behaviors of ENR, LMF, and NOR were investigated, respectively. The experimental results were shown in Figure 4. And with the increased concentration of AgNPs, the fluorescence intensity for each of the FQ was firstly enhanced and then quenched, respectively. In addition, the concentration of AgNPs was 1×10-3 mol/L, and the initial concentrations of the three kinds of FQs were all 0.3 mg/L. And the experiment for each of the FQ was taken in a colorimetric tube (10 mL). Thus, the concentration of AgNPs in the experiment was 1×10-4 mol/L, the concentrations of the three kinds of FQs were all 0.03 mg/L. Moreover, the fluorescence sensitization effect of each FQ reached the maximum with the addition of AgNPs at the volume ratio of 5%. And the fluorescence peak shapes about the excitation and emission spectra of ENR, LMF, and NOR with the addition of AgNPs were almost the same as each of the standard solutions of FQ (Figure 2).

However, the λem for each of the FQ produced a slight red-shift in water solutions (Figure 2). Moreover, with the increase concentration of AgNPs, the red-shift of the λem for each of the FQ became much bigger. With the addition of AgNPs at the volume ratio of 100%, the red-shift of the λem for ENR, LMF, and NOR reached the maximum for about 5 nm, 5 nm and 7 nm, respectively. And, the red-shift of the λem becoming much bigger for each of the FQ might be due to the increase of the polarity of the solution for each of the FQ with the increased concentration of AgNPs [32].

In this work, a little amount of β-CD was added into the preparation of the AgNPs. It has been reported that β-CD is a special material; it has a hydrophobic cavity in its structure, which could affect the fluorescence behaviors of organic compounds [33, 34]. Our previous experimental results have shown that the stability of AgNPs can be enhanced with the addition of a little amount β-CD. And the β-CD as the protective reagent was not involved in the synthesis of AgNPs [15, 16, 30]. Therefore, the synthesized AgNPs solutions were actually the mixture of AgNPs and β-CD. In order to study the interference of β-CD in this experiment, the effects of β-CD at the same volume concentrations (5%) on the fluorescence behaviors of each FQ were investigated, respectively. As can be observed from Figure 4, the fluorescence effects of the β-CD on the ENR, LMF and NOR were almost negligible, respectively. Thus, the fluorescence sensitization for each of the FQ in the water solutions was achieved totally by AgNPs through the MEF.

In this study, ENR was selected as the representative of FQ in water solutions. Figure 5 shows the surface plasmon resonance absorption spectra of AgNPs and the fluorescence emission spectra of ENR. The experimental results revealed that there was seriously overlapping between the AgNPs and ENR in water solutions. It might be that the fluorescence emitted by ENR could be reabsorbed by the excess AgNPs, which might lead to the decrease of the fluorescence intensity of the ENR [35].

Figure 5 Effects of different volume ratios of β-CD and the mixture of AgNPs and β-CD on the relative fluorescence intensities of each FQ.
Figure 5

Effects of different volume ratios of β-CD and the mixture of AgNPs and β-CD on the relative fluorescence intensities of each FQ.

3.4 Mechanisms of the AgNPs on the fluorescence behaviors of each FQ in water solutions

These experimental results showed that the fluorescence intensities for ENR, LMF, and NOR were firstly enhanced and then quenched with the increased concentration of AgNPs. And the fluorescence effects of being quenched for each of the FQ were more obvious with the further concentration increase of AgNPs. Additionally, the fluorescence effects of being quenched for each of the

FQs were more obvious with the further concentration increase of AgNPs. Though there is no absorption maximum of AgNPs at 276-285 nm where the fluorescence of fluoroquinolones was excited, there is still some absorption at these wavelengths that could give a significant inner filter effect at high AgNPs concentrations, leading to an apparent decrease in fluorescence intensity; this could be the reason for the fluorescence quenching at high AgNPs concentrations. In this study, the working concentration of AgNPs was very low. The initial concentration of AgNPs was 1×10-3 mol/L. Based on our experimental results, the strongest fluorescence intensity for each of the FQ added to the concentration of AgNPs was about 5% (5×10-5 mol/L), respectively. Therefore, the additional concentration of AgNPs was very low for each of the FQ. Our experiments also showed that the fluorescence effects of the β-CD on the each of the FQ was almost negligible, respectively. Therefore, the FQ would not bind with the AgNPs by intercalation in the β-CD. Thus, the inner filter effect of AgNPs might lead to the quenching effects of all the FQs.

3.5 New enhanced fluorimetric methods for sensitive determination of each FQ in water solutions

According to the above achievements, new fluorimetric methods for separately determination of ENR, LMF and NOR were established based-on the silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence in water solutions. And the concentration of AgNPs was added at the volume ratio of 5%. In addition, the standard equations, linear ranges, correlation coefficients, and the detection limits of the new methods are also shown in Table 1. Moreover, compared with the fluorimetric methods without the addition of AgNPs, the new established silver nanoparticles-enhanced fluorimetric methods could detect lower concentrations of ENR, LMF, and NOR in water solutions, respectively.

3.6 Detection of each FQ in medicinal preparations using the new fluorimetric methods in water solutions

In this work, the new established fluorimetric methods were employed for determination of each FQ in medicinal preparations, respectively. For comparison, the contents of ENR, LMF, and NOR in medicinal preparations produced by different manufacturers, including two different kinds of ENR injections (A and B), one kind of LMF ear (C) and eyedrops (D) and two different kinds of NOR capsules (E and F) were selected, respectively. In this experiment, the working solutions for the medicinal preparations of each FQ were obtained with the addition of AgNPs at the volume ration of 5%. The experimental results are shown in Figure 7. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the fluorescence spectra of the medicinal preparations about ENR, LMF, and NOR were consistent with the fluorescence spectra of the standard solutions of ENR, LMF, and NOR. Additionally, under these optimized conditions, those coexisting substances in the medicinal preparations did not emit fluorescence, thus could not affect the determination of the contents of ENR, LMF, and NOR in medicinal preparations.

Figure 6 Fluorescence emission spectra of ENR and absorption spectra of AgNPs in water solutions.
Figure 6

Fluorescence emission spectra of ENR and absorption spectra of AgNPs in water solutions.

Figure 7 The emission spectra of the solutions with ENR injections (A and B), LMF ear (C) and eye drops (D) and NOR capsules (E and F).
Figure 7

The emission spectra of the solutions with ENR injections (A and B), LMF ear (C) and eye drops (D) and NOR capsules (E and F).

Therefore, the contents of ENR in A and B, LMF in C and D and NOR in E and F could be easily determined by the new fluorimetric methods, respectively. The experimental results were as follows: (1) The contents of ENR in A and B were 26.0 mg ml-1 and 95.0 mg ml-1, which were generally the same with the concentrations listed in medicine specifications of the A (25.0 mg ml-1) and B (100 mg ml-1). (2) The contents of LMF in C and D were 2.9 mg ml-1 and 2.7 mg ml-1, which were not different with the concentrations listed in medicine specifications of C (3.0 mg ml-1) and D (3.0 mg ml-1). (3) The contents of the NOR in E and F were 0.1 g per capsule and 0.1g per capsule, which had no difference to the concentrations listed in medicine specifications of E (0.1g per capsule) and F (0.1g per capsule). Therefore, the new fluorimetric methods had been widely used for direct determination the contents of three kinds of FQs in medicinal preparations. It also provides new research methods and ideas for the actual detections of such medicines.

4 Conclusions

In this assay, a new type of AgNPs was prepared for the first time with simple and easy synthetic processes, and environment-friendly compounds. In addition, the fluorescence intensities of ENR, LMF, and NOR were greatly enhanced with the addition of AgNPs at the volume ration of 5% in water solutions, respectively. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the new silver enhanced nanoparticles materials fluorescence methods for sensitive determination of ENR, LMF, and NOR in water solutions were established, respectively. Additionally, compared with the fluorimetric method without the addition of AgNPs, the new fluorimetric method could detect lower concentrations of each FQ in water solutions. Moreover, the possible mechanisms about the AgNPs on the fluorescence behaviors for each of the FQ has also been discussed, respectively. Finally, the new established fluorimetric methods were successfully applied to the directly determination of ENR, LMF, and NOR in two different kinds of medicinal preparations, respectively. And the preparation processes were not more complicated than most assays for FQs required. In conclusion, the studies in this work provided not only the determination of different kinds of FQs in water solutions but may also be great potential methods and ideas to determine FQs in other environmental samples.

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to the staff in the College of the Environment and Ecology of Xiamen University for their support in the field experiments and for facilitating the work on their estate. Thanks to the support by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY15B070011) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21207103).

  1. Conflict of interest

    Conflicts of Interest: We declare that we have no conflicts of interest to this work.

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Received: 2019-03-24
Accepted: 2019-07-31
Published Online: 2019-11-06

© 2019 Hongling Wang et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
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  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
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  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
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  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
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  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
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  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
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  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
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  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
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  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
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  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
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  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
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  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
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  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
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  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
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  175. Erratum
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https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0094
Keywords for this article
Metal-enhanced fluorescence; Silver nanoparticles; Flurorimetry; Enrofloxacin; Lomefloxacin; Norfloxacin
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
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