Startseite Aegle marmelos phytochemical stabilized synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and their role against agriculture and food pathogen
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Aegle marmelos phytochemical stabilized synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and their role against agriculture and food pathogen

  • J. Fowsiya , I.V. Asharani , Simron Mohapatra , Akhila Eshapula , Pragya Mohi , Nishant Thakar , Supriyo Monad und G. Madhumitha EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 18. Mai 2019
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Green Processing and Synthesis
Aus der Zeitschrift Green Processing and Synthesis Band 8 Heft 1

Abstract

Nature and nanotechnology have not yet achieved a lucid correlation in the field of science but together they have exhibited immense potential towards the advancement and modification in future science and technology. Due to the unique properties of nanomaterials like nanoparticles gained considerable importance. Among all the nanoparticles, zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) are greatly utilized in sensors, catalysis, bioscience, etc. Antimicrobial activity by ZnO NPs had more attention by the implementation of nanotechnology for the preparation of ZnO NPs. At present, antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs using Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) leaves extract was done. The ZnO NPs subjected to UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. The presence of phenolic group in extract has the capacity to form ZnO NPs and act as stabilizing agent. Every 5 min interval ZnO NPs was formed which recorded by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The SEM analysis displayed a fine spherical ZnO NPs and EDAX report showed that the existence of zinc and oxygen in the ratio of 30.51% and 69.49%. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs has high percentage inhibition against A. niger at 1000 ppm. Till now, no research carryout on A. marmelos mediated ZnO NPs and applications towards antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Aegle marmelos; zinc oxide nanoparticles; antimicrobial activity; food pathogens

1 Introduction

The science behind the nano-sized materials is dealt with tiny particles which were used across all the fields of sciences including synthetic chemistry, biological sciences, electric and electronic engineering, etc. [1, 2, 3,]. Today’s researchers are finding a wide assortment of approaches to purposely synthesis materials in nano-size to increase their properties in various aspects such as biological activities, optical property, mechanical strength, magnetic property, etc. [4]. The nano-sized particles can be effectively integrated using various techniques with different methodologies accessible for the synthesis of nanoparticles which include chemical, electrochemical, radiation, Langmuir-Blodgett, and biological techniques. The synthetic methods for the preparation of nanoparticles include the use of toxic, hazardous chemicals which are harmful and lead to increase the risks of bioaccumulation followed by biomagnifications. This enhances the need for an eco-friendly method to synthesis nanoparticles. The extract mediated nanoparticles are one of the easy, safer and non-toxic methods which have gained more interest towards environmentally conscious products, synthetic chemistry, natural products, etc. [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, ].

The metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been considered as promising materials that possess remarkable antimicrobial properties caused by their high surface area [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]. The ZnO NPs have a long history of usage for antimicrobial activity and still have gained interest in antimicrobial studies. The microbes such as bacteria and fungi must be controlled because it causes infection to human and also contaminates in the water source. The microbes can also contribute to several non-infectious chronic diseases including cancer and heart diseases (Figure 1). To address the problem caused by microbes, ZnO NPs is one the key which can leads to cell death of microbe in a non-toxic way to the environment. Hence, this study we have taken Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) leaves to synthesis ZnO NPs and further applied for antimicrobial activity.

Figure 1 Bacterial infection on Human.
Figure 1

Bacterial infection on Human.

The A. marmelos is one of the traditional plants belongs to Rutaceae family and have been used to cure ophthalmia, deafness, aggravations, catarrh, diabetes, and asthmatic dissensions. The natural products are utilized as a part of treating loose bowels, stomach hurt, and cardiovascular afflictions. Logical studies have approved huge numbers of the potential application of ZnO NPs such as antimicrobial impacts, hypoglycemic, astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, demulcent, pain relieving, mitigating, antipyretic, injury mending, insecticidal, photocatalytic and gastroprotective activities [25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]. Still, there is no report found that synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using A. marmelos and we have utilized to study the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of A. marmelos extract mediated ZnO NPs.

2 Materials and methods

2.1 Materials

The commercially available leaf powder of A. marmelos was procured from Vellore local market, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. The zinc acetate was purchased from AVRA chemicals, Hyderabad, India.

2.2 Conventional extraction process of A. marmelos

About 5 g of A. marmelos powder was used to extract the phytochemicals using distilled water (100 mL) further heated at 60°C on water-bath. The aqueous solution was taken for filtration using Whatman filter paper further evaporated on the water-bath. The extract was stored in the refrigerator for further use to synthesis ZnO NPs.

2.3 Conventional green method to synthesis A. marmelos mediated ZnO NPs

The green method of A. marmelos mediated ZnO NPs were synthesized as mentioned in our earlier report [33] with slight modifications. In brief, 10 mg of extract was mixed with 1 mM of zinc acetate and heated over the water-bath for 30 min. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer utilized to screen the preparation of ZnO NPs at 5 min interval.

2.4 Analytical technique adopted for ZnO NPs

The progress of ZnO NPs formations was recorded at a wavelength of 200-800 nm by using Shimadzu UV-1800 PC, Japan. The crystalline nature was analyzed using Brucker, Germany D8 X-ray diffractometer. The functional analysis was carried out using Alpha T, Brucker, Germany instrument. The Hitachi H-7100 SEM voltage of 120 kV with the parameters to be set as EHT 19.79 kV, extractor V4.4.0 kV was utilized to identify the shape of ZnO NPs. The carbon coated grid and JEM-1230, JEOL, USA TEM instrument was used to identify the nanosize of the ZnO NPs [33].

2.5 Antimicrobial efficacy

2.5.1 In vitro antibacterial activity

The green synthesized ZnO NPs was applied for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris). The antibacterial activity was done using disc diffusion method [34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39] with slight modification. About 25 μL of ZnO NPs was poured in 7 mm well and ampicillin used as a standard. The Petri plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Each experiment was done in triplicates and measured zone of inhibition.

2.5.2 In vitro antifungal efficacy

The antifungal efficacy of ZnO NPs was carried out on Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger) as reported by Sompalle et al. (2016) [40,41] with slight modification. About 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of ZnO NPs was used to determine the antifungal activity. The potato dextrose broth (10 mL) mixed with 1 mL of fungal strain and place in an incubator at 37°C for 3 days at constant stirring (180 rpm) on the shaker for complete aeration. The percentage inhibition was calculated using the following Eq. 1.

(1)Controlweight−Sampleweight/Controlweight×100

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Observation of ZnO NPs formation

The absorption spectra were monitored against water to observe formation and stability of ZnO NPs. The turbid formation change in the mixture of plant extract and Zinc acetate is recorded by visual observation. The surface plasmon absorbance bands were monitored every 5 min interval and the optimum time interval was 30 min to get a broad peak at 250-350 nm [42,43]. The white color turbid was formed 5 min due to plasmons at the colloid surface that confirmed the development of ZnO NPs

(Figure 2). The same peak was obtained at another each 5 min interval and found to be 30 min is an optimum time to get a broad spectrum. The phytochemical including alkaloids, phenolic, and flavonoids of A. marmelos might be a capping agent for ZnO NPs synthesis. The qualitative analysis reported by Mujeeb and co-workers was found that phenolic content was high in aqueous extract of A. marmelos [44]. Here we confirmed the presence phenolic compounds in A. marmelos using preliminary test for phenols. Minimum amount of the aqueous extract of A. marmelos added with the 1 to 2 drops of Iron III chloride (FeCl3). An intense green colour was obtained. This confirms the presence of phenolic compounds.

Figure 2 Observation of ZnO NPs formation by UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Figure 2

Observation of ZnO NPs formation by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

3.2 Determination of crystalline nature

The crystallinity of ZnO NPs had an intense peak were obtained in XRD at 2θ values of 31.65°, 34.21°, 36.30°, 47.67°, 56.50°, 62.90°, 67.55° and 69.10° which are corresponding to the (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200) and (201) planes respectively (Figure 3). This was agreed with the hexagonal structure and agreed with Joint Committee Powder Diffraction Standard data (JCPDS: 36-1451). The extra peaks in XRD may due to the capping and stabilizing agent present in the extract [45,46].

Figure 3 XRD pattern for A. marmelos capped ZnO NPs.
Figure 3

XRD pattern for A. marmelos capped ZnO NPs.

3.3 Functional group analysis

The functional group of capping and a stabilizing agent was analyzed by Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR result of extract showed more peaks at 1082 cm -1which is corresponding to C-O stretching

of ester, 1648 cm-1 strong peak appeared for amide and a strong broad peak at 3372 cm-1 corresponding to O-H group of phenolic compounds (Figure 4). The FTIR result of ZnO NPs showed stretching and vibration peaks at 427 cm-1 and 928 cm-1 respectively. Therefore, after addition of Zinc acetate to extract the O-H peak at 3372 cm-1 was reduced and it can be seen in FTIR of ZnO NPs. It can be concluded that phenolic group present in the extract are responsible for the synthesis of ZnO NPs formation [47,48].

Figure 4 Functional group analysis of ZnO NPs.
Figure 4

Functional group analysis of ZnO NPs.

3.4 Morphology study by SEM and TEM

The structures of ZnO NPs were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and displayed a spherical

shape in SEM. The spherical shaped contains an irregular shape of crystal on the surface of Spherical shape and agglomerated (Figure 5). The particles were aggregated but the distance between each spherical shape was found to be considerably high. The TEM images of synthesized ZnO NPs were the quasi-spherical shape and the average nanosize was 18 ± 2 nm (Figures 6 and 7). The SAED pattern obtained from TEM result reveals that the diffraction rings of ZnO NPs exhibited the same miller indices values assigned as (1 0 0), (0 0 2), (1 0 1), (1 0 2), (1 1 0), (1 0 3), (2 0 0) and (2 0 1) respectively and the lattice planes of the face-centered cubic (fcc) indicates the nano-crystalline in nature.

Figure 5 (a,b) Morphology study of ZnO NPs by SEM analysis.
Figure 5

(a,b) Morphology study of ZnO NPs by SEM analysis.

Figure 6 TEM and SAED pattern of ZnO NPs.
Figure 6

TEM and SAED pattern of ZnO NPs.

Figure 7 Particle size distribution of ZnO NPs.
Figure 7

Particle size distribution of ZnO NPs.

3.5 Antimicrobial efficacy of ZnO NPs

The antifungal efficacy of ZnO NPs was done on A. flavus and A. niger fungus and antibacterial activity were done on E. coli, B. cereus, and P. vulgaris. From the obtained results, 1000 ppm concentration of ZnO NPs was very effective against A. flavus and A. niger. About 500 and 1000 ppm of ZnO NPs was showed 46.35% and 63.57% inhibition against A. flavus whereas 60.92% and 66.95% against A. niger (Figure 8). Therefore, A. marmelos mediated ZnO NPs was very effective against A. niger at 1000 ppm than standard fluconazole values 40.21%, 63.04% on A. flavus and 60.21%, 63.04% on A. niger.

Figure 8 Antifungal potential of ZnO NPs against A. flavus and A. niger.
Figure 8

Antifungal potential of ZnO NPs against A. flavus and A. niger.

The gram-positive (B. cereus) and gram-negative (E. coli and P. vulgaris) bacteria were tested for antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs by well diffusion method. The diameter of inhibition zones (mm) around well was measured and it was found to be 14 mm for E. coli, 12 mm for B. cereus and 16 mm for P. vulgaris. Therefore, the synthesized ZnO NPs has high antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris than other tested bacteria. The antibacterial efficacy of ZnO NPs was compared with antibiotic drug ampicillin. Still, the exact mechanism for bacteria death is not clear but researcher found that it may due to electrostatic interaction of ZnO NPs on bacteria membrane [49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55]. Further, the nanotoxicity of ZnO NPs can form oxidative stress which leads to cell death (Figures 9 and 10). Generally, the gram-negative microorganisms are susceptible to cell damage than gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, the ZnO NPs were showed high cell death on gram-negative bacteria P. vulgaris and E. coli than gram-positive bacteria B. cereus. On the basis of this research, it can be concluded that the inhibition formed by ZnO NPs could be attributed to cell damage resulting in the death of bacterium.

Figure 9 Antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs.
Figure 9

Antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs.

Figure 10 Possible mechanism for antibacterial activity.
Figure 10

Possible mechanism for antibacterial activity.

4 Conclusion

The A. marmelos extract mediated ZnO NPs was synthesized in green method and has been described by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis. The ZnO NPs showed a good spherical shape in SEM and FTIR analysis confirmed that phenolic compounds have the capacity as capping and stabilizing agent in ZnO NPs synthesis. The antifungal potential of ZnO NPs showed high inhibition against A. niger at 1000 ppm. Therefore, this green method is one of the eco-friendly, economical and effective process to synthesis ZnO NPs and it may lead to the further study on A. marmelos in the area of biomedical and nanotechnology.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore for the kind support for research work and also thankful to DST-SERB (FTYS-SB/FT/CS-113/2013) and SEED fund for Dr. G. Madhumitha from Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore for providing financial support.

List of abbreviations

ZnO NPs

Zinc oxide nanoparticles

UV-Vis

Ultra violet visible spectroscopy

FT-IR

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

XRD

X-ray powder diffraction

SEM

Scanning electron microscope

TEM

Transmission electron microscopy

EDAX EDAX

offers Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy

ppm

parts per million

°C

Degree Celsius

mM

Millimolar

min

Minutes

mg

Milligram

mL

Millilitre

h

Hours

μL

Microliter

mm

Millimeter

nm

Nanometer

FeCl3

Iron III chloride

JCPDS

Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards

θ

Theta

cm

Centimeter

SAED

Selected area (electron) diffraction

%

Percentage

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Received: 2018-03-16
Accepted: 2019-02-21
Published Online: 2019-05-18
Published in Print: 2019-01-28

© 2019 Fowsiya et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Studies on the preparation and properties of biodegradable polyester from soybean oil
  3. Flow-mode biodiesel production from palm oil using a pressurized microwave reactor
  4. Reduction of free fatty acids in waste oil for biodiesel production by glycerolysis: investigation and optimization of process parameters
  5. Saccharin: a cheap and mild acidic agent for the synthesis of azo dyes via telescoped dediazotization
  6. Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of polyethylene glycol stearate in a solvent-free system
  7. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Platanus orientalis leaf extract for antifungal activity
  8. Ultrasound assisted chemical activation of peanut husk for copper removal
  9. Room temperature silanization of Fe3O4 for the preparation of phenyl functionalized magnetic adsorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction for the extraction of phthalates in water
  10. Evaluation of the saponin green extraction from Ziziphus spina-christi leaves using hydrothermal, microwave and Bain-Marie water bath heating methods
  11. Oxidation of dibenzothiophene using the heterogeneous catalyst of tungsten-based carbon nanotubes
  12. Calcined sodium silicate as an efficient and benign heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of natural lecithin to L-α-glycerophosphocholine
  13. Synergistic effect between CO2 and H2O2 on ethylbenzene oxidation catalyzed by carbon supported heteropolyanion catalysts
  14. Hydrocyanation of 2-arylmethyleneindan-1,3-diones using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a nontoxic cyanating agent
  15. Green synthesis of hydratropic aldehyde from α-methylstyrene catalyzed by Al2O3-supported metal phthalocyanines
  16. Environmentally benign chemical recycling of polycarbonate wastes: comparison of micro- and nano-TiO2 solid support efficiencies
  17. Medicago polymorpha-mediated antibacterial silver nanoparticles in the reduction of methyl orange
  18. Production of value-added chemicals from esterification of waste glycerol over MCM-41 supported catalysts
  19. Green synthesis of zerovalent copper nanoparticles for efficient reduction of toxic azo dyes congo red and methyl orange
  20. Optimization of the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Penicillium oxalicum GRS-1 and their antimicrobial effects against common food-borne pathogens
  21. Optimization of submerged fermentation conditions to overproduce bioethanol using two industrial and traditional Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
  22. Extraction of In3+ and Fe3+ from sulfate solutions by using a 3D-printed “Y”-shaped microreactor
  23. Foliar-mediated Ag:ZnO nanophotocatalysts: green synthesis, characterization, pollutants degradation, and in vitro biocidal activity
  24. Green cyclic acetals production by glycerol etherification reaction with benzaldehyde using cationic acidic resin
  25. Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities assessment of fabricated selenium nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
  26. Synthesis of high surface area magnesia by using walnut shell as a template
  27. Controllable biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterial strains
  28. Green vegetation: a promising source of color dyes
  29. Mechano-chemical synthesis of ammonia and acetic acid from inorganic materials in water
  30. Green synthesis and structural characterization of novel N1-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
  31. Biodiesel production from cotton oil using heterogeneous CaO catalysts from eggshells prepared at different calcination temperatures
  32. Regeneration of spent mercury catalyst for the treatment of dye wastewater by the microwave and ultrasonic spray-assisted method
  33. Green synthesis of the innovative super paramagnetic nanoparticles from the leaves extract of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb and their application for the decolourisation of toxic dyes
  34. Biogenic ZnO nanoparticles: a study of blueshift of optical band gap and photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow 186 dye under direct sunlight
  35. Leached compounds from the extracts of pomegranate peel, green coconut shell, and karuvelam wood for the removal of hexavalent chromium
  36. Enhancement of molecular weight reduction of natural rubber in triphasic CO2/toluene/H2O systems with hydrogen peroxide for preparation of biobased polyurethanes
  37. An efficient green synthesis of novel 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole-3-amine and imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-amine derivatives via Strecker reaction under controlled microwave heating
  38. Evaluation of three different green fabrication methods for the synthesis of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
  39. A highly efficient and multifunctional biomass supporting Ag, Ni, and Cu nanoparticles through wetness impregnation for environmental remediation
  40. Simple one-pot green method for large-scale production of mesalamine, an anti-inflammatory agent
  41. Relationships between step and cumulative PMI and E-factors: implications on estimating material efficiency with respect to charting synthesis optimization strategies
  42. A comparative sorption study of Cr3+ and Cr6+ using mango peels: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic
  43. Effects of acid hydrolysis waste liquid recycle on preparation of microcrystalline cellulose
  44. Use of deep eutectic solvents as catalyst: A mini-review
  45. Microwave-assisted synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives using 1,1’-butylenebis(3-sulfo-3H-imidazol-1-ium) chloride in ethylene glycol
  46. Green and eco-friendly synthesis of Co3O4 and Ag-Co3O4: Characterization and photo-catalytic activity
  47. Adsorption optimized of the coal-based material and application for cyanide wastewater treatment
  48. Aloe vera leaf extract mediated green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and assessment of their In vitro antimicrobial activity against spoilage fungi and pathogenic bacteria strains
  49. Waste phenolic resin derived activated carbon by microwave-assisted KOH activation and application to dye wastewater treatment
  50. Direct ethanol production from cellulose by consortium of Trichoderma reesei and Candida molischiana
  51. Agricultural waste biomass-assisted nanostructures: Synthesis and application
  52. Biodiesel production from rubber seed oil using calcium oxide derived from eggshell as catalyst – optimization and modeling studies
  53. Study of fabrication of fully aqueous solution processed SnS quantum dot-sensitized solar cell
  54. Assessment of aqueous extract of Gypsophila aretioides for inhibitory effects on calcium carbonate formation
  55. An environmentally friendly acylation reaction of 2-methylnaphthalene in solvent-free condition in a micro-channel reactor
  56. Aegle marmelos phytochemical stabilized synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and their role against agriculture and food pathogen
  57. A reactive coupling process for co-production of solketal and biodiesel
  58. Optimization of the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-1-phenylethanol using Ispir bean as whole-cell biocatalyst
  59. Synthesis of pyrazolopyridine and pyrazoloquinoline derivatives by one-pot, three-component reactions of arylglyoxals, 3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of tetrapropylammonium bromide
  60. Preconcentration of morphine in urine sample using a green and solvent-free microextraction method
  61. Extraction of glycyrrhizic acid by aqueous two-phase system formed by PEG and two environmentally friendly organic acid salts - sodium citrate and sodium tartrate
  62. Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Juglans regia leaf extract and assessment of their physico-chemical and biological properties
  63. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones
  64. Biosynthesis, characterization and anti-microbial activity of silver nanoparticle based gel hand wash
  65. Efficient and selective microwave-assisted O-methylation of phenolic compounds using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)
  66. Anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities of Euphorbia acruensis latex-mediated bioengineered silver nanoparticles
  67. Volcanic ash as reusable catalyst in the green synthesis of 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines
  68. Green synthesis, anionic polymerization of 1,4-bis(methacryloyl)piperazine using Algerian clay as catalyst
  69. Selenium supplementation during fermentation with sugar beet molasses and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase bioethanol production
  70. Biosynthetic potential assessment of four food pathogenic bacteria in hydrothermally silver nanoparticles fabrication
  71. Investigating the effectiveness of classical and eco-friendly approaches for synthesis of dialdehydes from organic dihalides
  72. Pyrolysis of palm oil using zeolite catalyst and characterization of the boil-oil
  73. Azadirachta indica leaves extract assisted green synthesis of Ag-TiO2 for degradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes in aqueous medium
  74. Synthesis of vitamin E succinate catalyzed by nano-SiO2 immobilized DMAP derivative in mixed solvent system
  75. Extraction of phytosterols from melon (Cucumis melo) seeds by supercritical CO2 as a clean technology
  76. Production of uronic acids by hydrothermolysis of pectin as a model substance for plant biomass waste
  77. Biofabrication of highly pure copper oxide nanoparticles using wheat seed extract and their catalytic activity: A mechanistic approach
  78. Intelligent modeling and optimization of emulsion aggregation method for producing green printing ink
  79. Improved removal of methylene blue on modified hierarchical zeolite Y: Achieved by a “destructive-constructive” method
  80. Two different facile and efficient approaches for the synthesis of various N-arylacetamides via N-acetylation of arylamines and straightforward one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes promoted by recyclable CuFe2O4 nanoparticles in water
  81. Optimization of acid catalyzed esterification and mixed metal oxide catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production from Moringa oleifera oil
  82. Kinetics and the fluidity of the stearic acid esters with different carbon backbones
  83. Aiming for a standardized protocol for preparing a process green synthesis report and for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product
  84. Microstructure and luminescence of VO2 (B) nanoparticle synthesis by hydrothermal method
  85. Optimization of uranium removal from uranium plant wastewater by response surface methodology (RSM)
  86. Microwave drying of nickel-containing residue: dielectric properties, kinetics, and energy aspects
  87. Simple and convenient two step synthesis of 5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone
  88. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
  89. The effect of activation temperature on structure and properties of blue coke-based activated carbon by CO2 activation
  90. Optimization of reaction parameters for the green synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticles using pine tree needles
  91. Microwave-assisted protocol for squalene isolation and conversion from oil-deodoriser distillates
  92. Denitrification performance of rare earth tailings-based catalysts
  93. Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Averrhoa bilimbi L and Plum extracts and investigation on the synergistic bioactivity using in vitro models
  94. Green production of AgNPs and their phytostimulatory impact
  95. Photocatalytic activity of Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles on textile dye removal
  96. Topical Issue: Green Process Engineering / Guest Editors: Martine Poux, Patrick Cognet
  97. Modelling and optimisation of oxidative desulphurisation of tyre-derived oil via central composite design approach
  98. CO2 sequestration by carbonation of olivine: a new process for optimal separation of the solids produced
  99. Organic carbonates synthesis improved by pervaporation for CO2 utilisation
  100. Production of starch nanoparticles through solvent-antisolvent precipitation in a spinning disc reactor
  101. A kinetic study of Zn halide/TBAB-catalysed fixation of CO2 with styrene oxide in propylene carbonate
  102. Topical on Green Process Engineering
https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2019-0017
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Aegle marmelos; zinc oxide nanoparticles; antimicrobial activity; food pathogens
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Studies on the preparation and properties of biodegradable polyester from soybean oil
  3. Flow-mode biodiesel production from palm oil using a pressurized microwave reactor
  4. Reduction of free fatty acids in waste oil for biodiesel production by glycerolysis: investigation and optimization of process parameters
  5. Saccharin: a cheap and mild acidic agent for the synthesis of azo dyes via telescoped dediazotization
  6. Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of polyethylene glycol stearate in a solvent-free system
  7. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Platanus orientalis leaf extract for antifungal activity
  8. Ultrasound assisted chemical activation of peanut husk for copper removal
  9. Room temperature silanization of Fe3O4 for the preparation of phenyl functionalized magnetic adsorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction for the extraction of phthalates in water
  10. Evaluation of the saponin green extraction from Ziziphus spina-christi leaves using hydrothermal, microwave and Bain-Marie water bath heating methods
  11. Oxidation of dibenzothiophene using the heterogeneous catalyst of tungsten-based carbon nanotubes
  12. Calcined sodium silicate as an efficient and benign heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of natural lecithin to L-α-glycerophosphocholine
  13. Synergistic effect between CO2 and H2O2 on ethylbenzene oxidation catalyzed by carbon supported heteropolyanion catalysts
  14. Hydrocyanation of 2-arylmethyleneindan-1,3-diones using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a nontoxic cyanating agent
  15. Green synthesis of hydratropic aldehyde from α-methylstyrene catalyzed by Al2O3-supported metal phthalocyanines
  16. Environmentally benign chemical recycling of polycarbonate wastes: comparison of micro- and nano-TiO2 solid support efficiencies
  17. Medicago polymorpha-mediated antibacterial silver nanoparticles in the reduction of methyl orange
  18. Production of value-added chemicals from esterification of waste glycerol over MCM-41 supported catalysts
  19. Green synthesis of zerovalent copper nanoparticles for efficient reduction of toxic azo dyes congo red and methyl orange
  20. Optimization of the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Penicillium oxalicum GRS-1 and their antimicrobial effects against common food-borne pathogens
  21. Optimization of submerged fermentation conditions to overproduce bioethanol using two industrial and traditional Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
  22. Extraction of In3+ and Fe3+ from sulfate solutions by using a 3D-printed “Y”-shaped microreactor
  23. Foliar-mediated Ag:ZnO nanophotocatalysts: green synthesis, characterization, pollutants degradation, and in vitro biocidal activity
  24. Green cyclic acetals production by glycerol etherification reaction with benzaldehyde using cationic acidic resin
  25. Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities assessment of fabricated selenium nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
  26. Synthesis of high surface area magnesia by using walnut shell as a template
  27. Controllable biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using actinobacterial strains
  28. Green vegetation: a promising source of color dyes
  29. Mechano-chemical synthesis of ammonia and acetic acid from inorganic materials in water
  30. Green synthesis and structural characterization of novel N1-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
  31. Biodiesel production from cotton oil using heterogeneous CaO catalysts from eggshells prepared at different calcination temperatures
  32. Regeneration of spent mercury catalyst for the treatment of dye wastewater by the microwave and ultrasonic spray-assisted method
  33. Green synthesis of the innovative super paramagnetic nanoparticles from the leaves extract of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb and their application for the decolourisation of toxic dyes
  34. Biogenic ZnO nanoparticles: a study of blueshift of optical band gap and photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow 186 dye under direct sunlight
  35. Leached compounds from the extracts of pomegranate peel, green coconut shell, and karuvelam wood for the removal of hexavalent chromium
  36. Enhancement of molecular weight reduction of natural rubber in triphasic CO2/toluene/H2O systems with hydrogen peroxide for preparation of biobased polyurethanes
  37. An efficient green synthesis of novel 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole-3-amine and imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-amine derivatives via Strecker reaction under controlled microwave heating
  38. Evaluation of three different green fabrication methods for the synthesis of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
  39. A highly efficient and multifunctional biomass supporting Ag, Ni, and Cu nanoparticles through wetness impregnation for environmental remediation
  40. Simple one-pot green method for large-scale production of mesalamine, an anti-inflammatory agent
  41. Relationships between step and cumulative PMI and E-factors: implications on estimating material efficiency with respect to charting synthesis optimization strategies
  42. A comparative sorption study of Cr3+ and Cr6+ using mango peels: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic
  43. Effects of acid hydrolysis waste liquid recycle on preparation of microcrystalline cellulose
  44. Use of deep eutectic solvents as catalyst: A mini-review
  45. Microwave-assisted synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives using 1,1’-butylenebis(3-sulfo-3H-imidazol-1-ium) chloride in ethylene glycol
  46. Green and eco-friendly synthesis of Co3O4 and Ag-Co3O4: Characterization and photo-catalytic activity
  47. Adsorption optimized of the coal-based material and application for cyanide wastewater treatment
  48. Aloe vera leaf extract mediated green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and assessment of their In vitro antimicrobial activity against spoilage fungi and pathogenic bacteria strains
  49. Waste phenolic resin derived activated carbon by microwave-assisted KOH activation and application to dye wastewater treatment
  50. Direct ethanol production from cellulose by consortium of Trichoderma reesei and Candida molischiana
  51. Agricultural waste biomass-assisted nanostructures: Synthesis and application
  52. Biodiesel production from rubber seed oil using calcium oxide derived from eggshell as catalyst – optimization and modeling studies
  53. Study of fabrication of fully aqueous solution processed SnS quantum dot-sensitized solar cell
  54. Assessment of aqueous extract of Gypsophila aretioides for inhibitory effects on calcium carbonate formation
  55. An environmentally friendly acylation reaction of 2-methylnaphthalene in solvent-free condition in a micro-channel reactor
  56. Aegle marmelos phytochemical stabilized synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and their role against agriculture and food pathogen
  57. A reactive coupling process for co-production of solketal and biodiesel
  58. Optimization of the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-1-phenylethanol using Ispir bean as whole-cell biocatalyst
  59. Synthesis of pyrazolopyridine and pyrazoloquinoline derivatives by one-pot, three-component reactions of arylglyoxals, 3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of tetrapropylammonium bromide
  60. Preconcentration of morphine in urine sample using a green and solvent-free microextraction method
  61. Extraction of glycyrrhizic acid by aqueous two-phase system formed by PEG and two environmentally friendly organic acid salts - sodium citrate and sodium tartrate
  62. Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Juglans regia leaf extract and assessment of their physico-chemical and biological properties
  63. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones
  64. Biosynthesis, characterization and anti-microbial activity of silver nanoparticle based gel hand wash
  65. Efficient and selective microwave-assisted O-methylation of phenolic compounds using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)
  66. Anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities of Euphorbia acruensis latex-mediated bioengineered silver nanoparticles
  67. Volcanic ash as reusable catalyst in the green synthesis of 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines
  68. Green synthesis, anionic polymerization of 1,4-bis(methacryloyl)piperazine using Algerian clay as catalyst
  69. Selenium supplementation during fermentation with sugar beet molasses and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase bioethanol production
  70. Biosynthetic potential assessment of four food pathogenic bacteria in hydrothermally silver nanoparticles fabrication
  71. Investigating the effectiveness of classical and eco-friendly approaches for synthesis of dialdehydes from organic dihalides
  72. Pyrolysis of palm oil using zeolite catalyst and characterization of the boil-oil
  73. Azadirachta indica leaves extract assisted green synthesis of Ag-TiO2 for degradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B dyes in aqueous medium
  74. Synthesis of vitamin E succinate catalyzed by nano-SiO2 immobilized DMAP derivative in mixed solvent system
  75. Extraction of phytosterols from melon (Cucumis melo) seeds by supercritical CO2 as a clean technology
  76. Production of uronic acids by hydrothermolysis of pectin as a model substance for plant biomass waste
  77. Biofabrication of highly pure copper oxide nanoparticles using wheat seed extract and their catalytic activity: A mechanistic approach
  78. Intelligent modeling and optimization of emulsion aggregation method for producing green printing ink
  79. Improved removal of methylene blue on modified hierarchical zeolite Y: Achieved by a “destructive-constructive” method
  80. Two different facile and efficient approaches for the synthesis of various N-arylacetamides via N-acetylation of arylamines and straightforward one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes promoted by recyclable CuFe2O4 nanoparticles in water
  81. Optimization of acid catalyzed esterification and mixed metal oxide catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production from Moringa oleifera oil
  82. Kinetics and the fluidity of the stearic acid esters with different carbon backbones
  83. Aiming for a standardized protocol for preparing a process green synthesis report and for ranking multiple synthesis plans to a common target product
  84. Microstructure and luminescence of VO2 (B) nanoparticle synthesis by hydrothermal method
  85. Optimization of uranium removal from uranium plant wastewater by response surface methodology (RSM)
  86. Microwave drying of nickel-containing residue: dielectric properties, kinetics, and energy aspects
  87. Simple and convenient two step synthesis of 5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone
  88. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
  89. The effect of activation temperature on structure and properties of blue coke-based activated carbon by CO2 activation
  90. Optimization of reaction parameters for the green synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticles using pine tree needles
  91. Microwave-assisted protocol for squalene isolation and conversion from oil-deodoriser distillates
  92. Denitrification performance of rare earth tailings-based catalysts
  93. Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Averrhoa bilimbi L and Plum extracts and investigation on the synergistic bioactivity using in vitro models
  94. Green production of AgNPs and their phytostimulatory impact
  95. Photocatalytic activity of Ag/Ni bi-metallic nanoparticles on textile dye removal
  96. Topical Issue: Green Process Engineering / Guest Editors: Martine Poux, Patrick Cognet
  97. Modelling and optimisation of oxidative desulphurisation of tyre-derived oil via central composite design approach
  98. CO2 sequestration by carbonation of olivine: a new process for optimal separation of the solids produced
  99. Organic carbonates synthesis improved by pervaporation for CO2 utilisation
  100. Production of starch nanoparticles through solvent-antisolvent precipitation in a spinning disc reactor
  101. A kinetic study of Zn halide/TBAB-catalysed fixation of CO2 with styrene oxide in propylene carbonate
  102. Topical on Green Process Engineering
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