Startseite Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
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Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin

  • Dian Windy Dwiasi EMAIL logo , Mudasir Mudasir und Roto Roto
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 13. November 2019
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 17 Heft 1

Abstract

The Ni-Al-NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) compound has been intercalated with benzoate anion through an anion exchange process for amoxicillin drug adsorption. The purpose of this research is to synthesize Ni-Al-NO3, ion exchange with benzoate anion to form Ni-Al-Benzoate, and then applying it as an adsorbent of amoxicillin. The adsorption process was carried out using the batch technique. The materials synthesized in this study were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA). The exchange of benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate LDH by amoxicillin was followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The pH, LDH amount, and contact time are optimized. The adsorption of amoxicillin by Ni-Al-Benzoate is fit to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, with an adsorption capacity of 40 mg/ g. The results showed that anion exchange was successfully carried out between benzoate anion and amoxicillin.

Keywords: ion exchange; hydrotalcite; adsorption; amoxicillin; organic anion

1 Introduction

Layered double hydroxide (LDH), also known as hydrotalcite or mixed metal hydroxide, is a group of inorganic materials formed with positive charged layers of metal hydroxides with mixed oxidation states, usually 2+ or 3+ through octahedral edge-sharing similar structures to brucite, Mg(OH)2, [1]. LDH has a general formula [MII1-xMIIIx(OH)2x+] (Am-)x/m.nH2O]x- in which M(II) and M(III) are divalent and trivalent cations, which make up the octahedral side of the hydroxide layer [2]. The commonly known structure of LDH consists of a brucite-like layer, Mg(OH)2, which one of the Mg2+ cations is replaced by Al3+ to form positive charged sheets due to the replacement of Mg2+ by Al3+. The positive charged layer is balanced with anions and water molecules located in between the layers [3]. One of the properties of hydrotalcite is the high anion exchange capacity, which allows the exchange of initial anions with incoming anions present in solution [4].

LDH is a biocompatible material. It has been widely studied due to the anion exchange capacity, both inorganic and organic anions. Organic anions that are intercalated in LDH show high hydrophobicity and affinity for organic molecules. The positive charge of the LDH layer is balanced by negative charged ions, which can be flexibly exchanged [5]. In the ion exchange method, anion replacement process occurs in the area between layers of hydrotalcite to produce hydrotalcite with specific anions. Carboxylic anions (citrate, oxalate, tartrate, and malate) have been intercalated in the synthesis of LDH through an ion exchange process [6]. The LDH which was intercalated by organic anions was obtained through a simple method involving mixing Mg-Al-LDH, Ni-Al-LDH, or Zn-Al-LDH which contain carbonate as a precursor. Anion acrylate has also been successfully exchanged with NO3- anion in the Zn-Al-NO3 interlayer space [7]. In this study, the intercalation of benzoate anion in the Ni-Al-NO3 interlayer space was carried out through an ion exchange process.

Research on the application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) as an anion exchanger in the pharmaceutical field is still being developed. Several studies on the application of LDH as anion exchanger in the pharmaceutical field have been widely reported, for example, the application of Ni-Al-NO3 LDH in the determination of salicylic acid in blood serum, willow leaves, and aspirin tablets. The extracts of salicylic acid were measured using spectrofluorometry with obtained 96-101% percent recovery [11]. Other works have been carried in the determination of mesalamine content in human serum through the process of preconcentration by SPE with Ni-Al LDH as an anion exchanger and obtained up to 99% percent recovery [12]. Ni-Al-NO3 LDH as an anion exchanger was reported have successfully analyzed the level of mefenamic acid in human serum and pharmaceutical wastewater samples. The results is between 94.7-104% [13]. Mg-Al-diclofenac LDH has successfully reconstructed by the ion exchange method with initial NO3- anion present in the LDH [14]. Amoxicillin drug compounds have been successfully intercalated in the interlayer of Zn-Al hydrotalcite through anion exchange [15]. The purpose of this research is to synthesize Ni-Al-NO3, ion exchange with benzoate anion to form Ni-Al-Benzoate, and to apply it as an adsorbent of amoxicillin. The process of amoxicillin adsorption is carried out through an ion exchange method. The adsorption parameters that have been tested are solution pH, LDH amount, and contact time. The important thing related to the exchange of anions in the hydrotalcite is the exchange kinetics. The exchange kinetics is needed to determine the rate, anion exchange capacity, equilibrium constant, etc.

2 Experimental

2.1 Apparatus and instruments

The UV-Vis spectra were recorded on an Evolution 201 UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The IR spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu FT-IR 820 IPC Spectrometer. The LDH morphology was characterized using XRD data obtained on a Phillips X-ray Powder Diffractometer, with a CuKα radiation source of λ of 0.154 nm, operated at 40 kV and 30 mA, with a 2θ range of 5 - 60°. LDH thermal analysis was performed using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The pH was adjusted using an Sl Analytics Lab 860 pH-meter. The other equipment was analytical balance (Shimadzu), centrifuge, hotplate stirrer (Thermo Scientific Cimarec), oven (Memmert), Teflon® vessel.

2.2 Standard solution and reagents

All chemicals were an analytical grade, and all solutions were prepared with deionized water. Nickel nitrate dihydrate, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, sodium hydroxide, benzoic acid, ethanol were purchased from Merck. Amoxicillin trihydrate was supplied by BPFI. Nitrogen gas was purchased from the local manufacturer.

2.3 Preparation of nickel-aluminum layered double hydroxide

Ni-Al-NO3 LDH was prepared by the coprecipitation method with controlled pH and followed by hydrothermal treatment. The synthesis was carried out under an N2 atmosphere to prevent the formation of carbonate, and all solutions were prepared using deionized water to avoid contamination. 0.484 g Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and 0.3125 g Al(NO3)3.9H2O were added into 25 mL of deionized water under vigorous stirring at room temperature and N2 atmosphere for about 30 min. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 10 by addition of NaOH 0.5 M solution. The stirring has been kept for 2 h under N2 protection to reduce carbonate ions formation, that will reduce the purity of LDH. The obtained slurry was treated by hydrothermal at a constant temperature of 120°C for about 20 h. The obtained product was separated by centrifuging at 3500 rpm for 15 min, and washed with deionized water and dried at 120°C for five h.

2.4 Preparation of benzoate – containing LDHs

The benzoate-LDH was prepared by adding benzoic acid 1 M to a suspension of Ni-Al-NO3 LDH, which was prepared in the previous step. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 10 by addition of NaOH 0.5 M followed by stirring for 2 h. The obtained slurry was treated by hydrothermal at a constant temperature of 120°C for about 20 h. The obtained product was separated by centrifuging at 3500 rpm for 15 min, washed with deionized water, and dried at 120°C for five h.

2.5 Optimization of adsorption conditions

2.5.1 Effect of pH

The adsorption process was done by the batch method. Each trial uses 20 milligrams of benzoate-LDH adsorbent and 16 mL of amoxicillin solution. A total of 20 mg of adsorbent was added to 16 ml of 80 mg/L amoxicillin solution, in which the pH had been varied from 4 to 12.

The mixture was homogenized using a shaker for an hour. The supernatant was separated from the solid material by centrifuging at 4000 rpm, and the amoxicillin content was measured by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

2.5.2 Effect of contact time

The adsorption process was done by the batch method. A total of 20 mg of benzoate-LDH adsorbent was added to 16 ml of 80 mg/ L amoxicillin solution at the optimum pH known from the previous step. The mixture was homogenized using a shaker with a variation of contact time of 1 - 4 h. The supernatant was separated from the adsorbent by centrifuging at a rate of 4000 rpm, and amoxicillin content was determined by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

2.5.3 Effect of LDH amount

The adsorption process was done bybatch method. Ni-Al-benzoate weight was varied from 4 to 28 mg. Ni-Al-benzoate was added to 16 mL of 80 mg/ L amoxicillin solution. The mixture was homogenized using a shaker at contact time and the optimum pH, which already known in the previous step. Supernatant was separated from the solid by centrifuging at 4000 rpm. Amoxicillin content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Result and Discussion

3.1 Characterization of LDH

Collated XRD data of Ni-Al-NO3, Ni-Al-Benzoate before and after ion exchange are presented in Figure 1. It shows characteristics diffraction peaks of (003), (006), and (009) planes. The (003) peak of Ni-Al-NO3 appears at 2θ of 11.46º, whereas (003) peak of Ni-Al-Benzoate appears at 2θ of 11.38º. A new peak appears at 2θ of 5.52º to indicate successful intercalation of benzoate anion into the LDH interlayer space, which is realized by the ion exchange process. In amoxicillin (Figure 1d), there are three strong peaks seen at 2θ of 16.19º; 18.03º; and 19.29º. Amoxicillin contains amoxicillin trihydrate which has an orthorhombic crystal system with a primitive cell unit and a lattice parameter = 15.75; b = 18.80; and c = 6.684 [14].

Figure 1 XRD patterns of Ni-Al-NO3 (a); Ni-Al-benzoate (b); Ni-Al-benzoate after ion exchange; and amoxicillin (d).
Figure 1

XRD patterns of Ni-Al-NO3 (a); Ni-Al-benzoate (b); Ni-Al-benzoate after ion exchange; and amoxicillin (d).

After the anion exchange, there was a shift in 2θ which was 5.67 º, with the peak rising and sharpening it causes the presence of a benzene ring in amoxicillin structure, then a new peak appears at 2θ 16.97º, which indicates that amoxicillin has been inserted into the galery interlayer LDH or anion exchange has occured.

Hydrotalcite characterization with FT-IR was used to determine the presence of the main functional groups in hydrotalcite and to know the type of anion (except monovalent anions) which filled hydrotalcite interlayer. Hydrotalcite adsorption bands will appear in certain wavenumber regions, including nitrate ions vibration in wavenumbers around 1300 cm-1 and 600 cm-1; the vibration of H2O at wavenumbers around 1600 cm-1; the vibration of OH at wavenumbers around 3500 cm-1; and vibration of the M-O bond at a wavenumber of about 400 cm-1 [15]. Ni-Al-NO3 and Ni-Al-Benzoate LDHs FTIR spectra are shown in Figure 2. The band at 3400 - 3500 cm-1 is due to O-H vibrations stretching LDH layer and water molecules in interlayer. In Ni-Al-NO3 LDH shows weak band at 1620 cm-1, which is attributed to water molecule bending vibration. Moreover, sharp band appears at 1381 cm-1 which is NO3- ion asymmetric vibration intercalated in the LDH interlayer.

Figure 2 FTIR spectrum of Ni-Al-NO3 (a); Ni-Al-Benzoate (b); Ni-Al-Benzoate after ion exchange with amoxicillin (c); and amoxicillin (d).
Figure 2

FTIR spectrum of Ni-Al-NO3 (a); Ni-Al-Benzoate (b); Ni-Al-Benzoate after ion exchange with amoxicillin (c); and amoxicillin (d).

After the intercalation with benzoate anion, NO3- peak has ceased. In Ni-Al-Benzoate LDH, the bands appear at 1597 cm-1 and 1543 cm-1, due to vibrational characteristics of benzene ring from the benzoate ion. The peak 1389 cm-1 is the vibration of C-O. Finally, the three fingerprint peaks of LDHs appear in the region at 400-800 cm-1; which is the type of vibration stretching and bending of Ni-O, Al-O, Ni-O-Al, O-Ni-O, O-Al-O. The FTIR spectra indicates that the nitrate anion in the Ni-Al-NO3 LDH interlayer has been successfully exchanged with the benzoate ion by the anion exchange process.

In the amoxicillin FTIR spectrum (Figure 2d), there are several minimum absorption bands in certain wavenumber. The band at wavenumber 2924 cm-1 shows the stretching vibration of the O-H group; 1774 cm-1 shows stretching vibration of the group C=O; 1690 cm-1 stretching vibration C=C; 1582 cm-1 bending vibration NH group; 1481 cm-1 is a bending vibration of the C-H group; 10901020 cm-1 is a stretching vibration of the C-N group; 1000 - 675 cm-1 is a bending vibration of the C-H group; and 563 cm-1 is the stretching vibration of the C-S group. The IR spectrum of anion exchange process between benzoate and amoxicillin (Figure 2c) shows the appearance of amoxicillin spectrum characteristic band at 2924 cm-1 which is the stretching vibration of the O-H group. C=C group appears at 1620 cm-1. Moreover, bending vibration of C-H groups appears at 1049 cm-1, and stretching vibrations from C-S groups appears at 570 cm-1. In conclusion, the anion exchange process between benzoate and amoxicillin has successfully occurred.

Thermal analysis of Ni-Al-NO3 and Ni-Al-Benzoate LDHs are presented in Figure 3. In the TGA trace (y1 axis), it shows that there is a weight loss between 75 to 259°C (Figure 3a) and 80 to 287°C (Figure 3b). This weight loss is caused by three endothermic processes, loss of surface adsorbed water, loss of co-intercalated water due to brucite layers dehydroxylation. Mass loss observed at 382 to about 500°C is attributed to simultaneous dehydroxylation of inorganic layers and decomposition of intercalated nitrate anion (loss 34.83% of the initial sample mass) (Figure 3a). In contrast, there was a rapid and large loss of mass between 290 and 500°C in Ni-Al-Benzoate, that is caused by dehydroxylation. Organic decomposition occurs in an exothermic process. On DTA curve (y2 axis) shows exothermic process in temperature range of 340 – 600°C associated with organic components combustion (loss of 35.39% of the initial sample mass). The exothermic weight loss occurs around 400°C, due to the oxidative decomposition of organic residues [7].

Figure 3 TGA and DTA curves of Ni-Al-NO3 (a) and Ni-Al-Benzoate (b).
Figure 3

TGA and DTA curves of Ni-Al-NO3 (a) and Ni-Al-Benzoate (b).

3.2 Optimization of adsorption conditions

3.2.1 Effect of pH

The effect of pH has been studied. pH is a major factor in the adsorption. The interaction between analyte and adsorbent depends on the pH at which electrostatic interactions occur between the LDH layer and the analyte. The effect pH on adsorption was tested between 4.0-12.0. The pH adjustment was performed using a solution of either HNO3 or NaOH. The results of pH optimization are shown at the pH range of 6 – 10 (Figure 4). At a pH value below 6, protonation of the amoxicillin anion occurs, so that it will be difficult to intercalate into the LDH gallery. At a pH above 9, an increase in the concentration of competing OH- anions is responsible for the observed decrease in the recovery [13]. Therefore, pH 7 was chosen as optimum value.

Figure 4 Effect of pH on the adsorption amoxicillin on the Ni-Al-Benzoate.
Figure 4

Effect of pH on the adsorption amoxicillin on the Ni-Al-Benzoate.

3.2.2 Effect of LDH amount

The adsorption capacity of amoxicillin was tested through a change in the amount of adsorbent from 4 to 28 mg. As shown in Figure 5, the percentage of amoxicillin adsorption reaches an optimum at 6 mg. Therefore, 6 mg of the Ni-Al-Benzoate sorbent was used for all further experiments.

Figure 5 Effect of the Ni-Al-benzoate amount on the adsorption of amoxicillin.
Figure 5

Effect of the Ni-Al-benzoate amount on the adsorption of amoxicillin.

3.2.3 Effect of contact time

The effect of contact time on amoxicillin adsorption by Ni-Al-benzoate was studied at 5 - 240 minutes. The results show that the adsorption process begins from the beginning of contact time between amoxicillin and Ni-Al-benzoate. The adsorption process constantly happens, so that the contact time is shortened from 5 - 240 minutes to 5 - 60 minutes. As shown in Figure 6, the adsorption percentage is seen to be constant or unchanged at range of 5 - 60 minutes. Therefore, 15 minutes of contact time is selected for all further experiments.

Figure 6 Effect of contact time on the adsorption of amoxicillin by Ni-Al-benzoate.
Figure 6

Effect of contact time on the adsorption of amoxicillin by Ni-Al-benzoate.

3.2.4 Adsorption Kinetics

The adsorption kinetics were carried out to study the adsorption of amoxicillin into the Ni-Al-Benzoate interlayer. All experiments were carried out under optimum conditions, such as, Ni-Al-Benzoate weight of 6 mg, contact time 15 minutes, and pH 7 with constant initial amoxicillin concentration of 80 mg/ L. The kinetics data of amoxicillin adsorption into Ni-Al-Benzoate were fit to pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetics models. Pseudo first-order kinetics model have been widely used to describe the adsorption kinetics process for adsorption of adsorbates from an aqueous solutions [16].

The pseudo first order kinetics model is done by plotting ln(qe-qt) versus t with the kinetics equation :

lnqe−qt=lnqe−k1t

qe = adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at equilibrium per unit mass(mg/g), qt = adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at time t per unit mass (mg/g), t = time (minutes), k1 = first order rate constant (minute-1).

This plot will give a straight line for the pseudo first order adsorption with (ln qe) as intercept and (-k1) as the slope of the graph.

Adsorption kinetics can also be explained using pseudo-second order model. The linear form of this model is given by the following equation:

tqt=1qe2k2+1qet

k2 = second order rate constant (g/mg.minutes).

A linear relationship is generated by plotting t/ qt versus t. The values of k2 and qe can be determined from the slope and intercept of the graph. The curve of each kinetics model is presented in Figure 7.

Figure 7 Kinetics adsorption model (a) pseudo first order, (b) pseudo-second order.
Figure 7

Kinetics adsorption model (a) pseudo first order, (b) pseudo-second order.

From Figure 7 it can be seen that the adsorption of amoxicillin in Ni-Al-Benzoate follows pseudo second order kinetics model with R2 of 0.9991. Table 1 shows the calculation results of the kinetics parameters for each kinetics model.

Table 1

Kinetics parameters for amoxicillin adsorption on the Ni-Al-Benzoate.

LDHPseudo first orderPseudo-second order
qe (mg/g)k1 (L/min)R2qe (mg/g)k2 (g·(mg/min))R2
Ni-Al-Benzoate1,0990,09330.8899400.006220.9991

4 Conclusions

The ion exchange process between benzoate and amoxicillin in the LDH gallery has been carried out successfully. The optimization of amoxicillin adsorption conditions have been determined to measure the anion exchange capacity, including pH, contact time and LDH amount. The optimum conditions for amoxicillin adsorption are pH 7, 15 minutes of contact time, and LDH amount of 6 mg. It also has been tested for its adsorption kinetics. The adsorption process of amoxicillin by Ni-Al-Benzoate follows pseudo-second-order of kinetics model with an adsorption capacity of 40 mg/ g.

Acknowledgment

The author would like to thank the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia for the financial support in this research (Grant number PRJ-4907/LPDP.3/2016).

  1. Conflict of interest

    There is no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2018-08-14
Accepted: 2019-05-16
Published Online: 2019-11-13

© 2019 Dian Windy Dwiasi, Mudasir Mudasir, Roto Roto, published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0122
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
ion exchange; hydrotalcite; adsorption; amoxicillin; organic anion
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Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
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