Startseite Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
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Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil

  • Guiying Li , Yueyao Jiang , Yingjun Li , Tong He , Ying Wang , Tianyi Ji , Wanchen Zhai , Lichun Zhao EMAIL logo und Xiaoping Zhou
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 25. September 2019
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Open Chemistry
Aus der Zeitschrift Open Chemistry Band 17 Heft 1

Abstract

The chemical composition and antitumor activity of essential oil were compared for four parts of the Arisaema Amuremse Maxim. Chemical constituent of essential oil in every parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim was identified by GC-MS analysis systematically. Arisaema Amuremse Maxim had 114 kinds of essential oils. Tubers, petioles, leaves, and fruits were identified 53, 48, 5 and 21 species essential oil, respectively. The antiproliferative activity against Hep2, HCT-116, A549, SW480, HepG2 cell lines had been investigated by MTT assay. The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits all had strong antiproliferative activity. The IC 50 was 19.60μg·mL-1, 17.60μg·mL-1, 23.80μg·mL-1, and 30.23μg·mL-1, respectively. Among them, the essential oil of tubers and petioles had stronger antitumor activity. The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits had strong antiproliferative activity. This study was of great significance to increase the medicinal parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim.

Keywords: Arisaema; Amuremse; Maxim essential oil; MTT

1 Introduction

Arisaema Amuremse Maxim, also called aliased corn and snake corn, is traditional Chinese perennial herb medicine, mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning Provinces of China, as well as in Korea and Russia [1]. It is bitter in taste, pungent, warm, poisonous, and effects on fight swelling [2, 3]. It can also be used to cure the dizziness, epilepsy, anti-tumor, coronary heart disease and inflammation [4, 5, 6]. Currently, there are not many reports on Arisaema Amuremse Maxim chemical components, mainly flavone glycosides, sterols, glycosides and brain esters, etc. As far as the essential oil of this plant was rarely studied, which chemical constituent is more complicated [7]. This essay concentrated on chemical constituent of essential oil. First, we used steam distillation to extract the tubers, petioles, leaves, and fruits of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim and obtained the essential oil. Then the essential oil was extracted by diethyl ether, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and analyzed by GC - MS. Finally, the antineoplastic activities of the essential oils were tested by MTT assay [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. The Arisaema Amuremse Maxim was adopted and identified by Professor Chendi of the School of Pharmacy of Jilin University in the Changbai Mountain area of Jilin Province in 2016.

2 Experimental section

2.1 Plant material

Arisaema Amuremse Maxim was collected from the Changbai Mountain in Jilin province and was identified by the School of pharmacy Chendi professor of Jilin University.

2.2 Extraction and Identification

100 g dry tubers, petioles, leaves, fruits were put in the different essential oil extractor, Then, 1000 ml distilled water were added to extract for 10 hours. After extraction with diethyl ether and drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, diethyl ether was evaporated to get essential oils which were all the pale yellow oily special aroma matters.

2.3 GC-MS chromatographic conditions

The GC-MS used for the gas chromatographic analysis consisted of a chromatographic column Agilent hp-5 (0.25mm×30m,0.25μm); the injection temperature was 260⍰ and transmission line temperature was 280⍰, carrier gas was helium, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, split ratio was 20:1, sample size was 1 μL. Temperature program: column temperature 80⍰ for 3 min, in 10⍰/ min up to 150⍰, not reserved, continued to heat in 5⍰/ min to 240⍰, not reserved, then in 10⍰/ min to 280⍰, keeping 10 min. Mass spectrometer conditions: EI ionization, electron bombardment energy 70 eV, ion source temperature 230⍰, scanning range from 20 to 800 aμm; multiplier voltage 2141 V solvent delay 3 min, nist 2008 standard mass spectrometry gallery. Using gas chromatography data processing system, data processing by computer, identified the kinds of chemical composition by NIST 2008 standard mass spectrometry gallery. The relative content of each component in the sample was determined by peak area normalization method.

2.4 The antiproliferative activity against Hep2, HCT-116, A549, SW480, HepG2 cell lines has been investigated by MTT assay

2.4.1 Cell culture

DMEM complete medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 μg·mL-1 penicillin and 100 μg·mL-1 streptomycin. Under 37⍰, 5%CO2, saturated humidity conditions. The medium was changed every other day and once every 3-4 days.

2.4.2 The tumor cells in vitro growth inhibition test (MTT)

Hep2 cells (throat cancer), HCT-116 cells (colon cancer), A 549(lung adenocarcinoma cells), SW480 (colon cancer) and HepG-2 (HCC) cells were digested by 0.25% trypsin-0.01% EDTA solution, suspending in the culture medium and counting. Adjusting the cell density to 5 x104 (a ·mL - 1), added to 96 - well culture plate (100 μL per well). After 24h, the experimental group added 100 μl different concentration of each part of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim into each well. The concentration gradients of volatile oils in the four parts were 62.5 μg·mL-1, 125 μg·mL-1, 250 μg·mL-1, 500 μg·mL-1 and 1000 μg·mL-1 and the positive control group added the same concentration gradient 5 - fluorouracil. The blank control group, cell control group, ethanol solvent control group were set up. Each group had three wells. They were put in the saturated humidity, 37⍰, 5% CO2 incubator to continue culturing for 48 h. The cell morphology changes with the inverted microscope were observed

Before the end of the experiment 20 μL of 5mg·mL-1 MTT were added to each well, removed the cell culture medium with a syringe. Then 150 μL DMSO were added into each well, and shaken on the shaking bed with low speed for 10 min to make crystals dissolve completely. The OD570nm absorbance values were measured by an enzyme-linked immune detector.

The following formula was used to calculate the fruit growth inhibition rate (IR) of tumor cells: IR (%) = (1 - (dosing average OD value - blank group average OD value) / (control group average OD value - blank group average OD value) ×100%) and found the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) by the Origin software.

Ethical approval: The conducted research is not related to either human or animal use.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Identification of essential oil

Aristides Amusement Maxim had 114 kinds of essential oil as shown in Table 1. The most was located in tubers, up to 53; the second was in petioles, totaling 48; the least was found in leaves, only 5. 2-pentadecanone, ethyl ester and ethyl oleate were more abundant in tubers and petioles. Phytone, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, methyl oleate, heneicosane were common composition of tubers and fruits. Methyl palmitate and methyl oleate were similar in tubers, leaves, fruits, petioles and Leaves both had 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecane ketone. Nonadecane was common composition of petioles and fruits.

Table 1

Analysis on chemical constituent of essential oil in every parts of Arisaema Amurense Maxim by GC-MS.

NumberChemical compositionTubersPetiolesLeavesFruits
Relative Contents
1Hexanal0.861
2trimethyl Oxazole0.543
32-Furanmethanol5.501
42,6-dimethyl Pyrazine1.562
52,4,5-trimethyl Thiazole0.171
62,3,5-trimethyl Pyrazine1.988
7Benzeneacetaldehyde1.235
83-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl Pyrazine1.317
92,3-Dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine0.942
10Linalool(3,7-dimethyl-1,6-Octadien-3-ol)0.516
112-n-Butylfuran0.491
122-Isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl Thiazole0.601
132,3-diethyl-5-methyl Pyrazine0.360
142-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-Pyran-4-one0.598
152,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropyl) Pyrazine0.209
165-ethyl-2-methyl-4-propyl Thiazole0.382
174,5-dimethyl-2-(2-methylpropyl) Thiazole0.587
182,5-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbutyl) Pyrazine0.398
19(R)-1,5,5,9-tetramethyl-,Spiro[5.5]undeca-1,8-diene0.264
20(+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene0.743
212,6-Di(tert-butyl) benzo-1,4-quinone0.853
22[1S-(1π4π5π]-1,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- Spiro [4.5] dec-7-ene0.296
232-Tridecanone1.708
242,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (Butylated Hydroxytoluene)1.242
252-Dodecanone0.345
261,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methoxy-5-methyl Benzene0.601
27(Z, Z)-6, 9-Pentadecadien-1-ol0.705
28(Z, Z)-10,12-Hexadecadienal0.387
29Cyclopentadecanone2.076
302-Pentadecanone8.904 0.543
314,5,5a,6,6a,6b-hexahydro-4,4, 6b-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- 2H-Cyclopropa [g] benzofuran0.621
322-Nonanone0.562
33Perhydrofarnesyl acetone⍰(6,10,14-trimethyl-2-Pentadecanone）7.1510.388
34(Z)- 9,17-Octadecadienal1.433
355-heptenyl Benzene1.064
36(E)-1-methoxy-9-Octadecene0.822
372-Heptadecanone0.922
38(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-Pentadecatrien-2-one1.189
39Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester1.33338.62253.452
40Dibutyl phthalate1.488
41Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester3.6920.405
42[1R-(1R*,3E,7E, 11R*,12R*)]-4,8,12,15,15-pentamethyl-Bicy- clo[9.3.1]pentadeca-3,7-dien-12-ol1.034
43Aromadendrene oxide-(2)0.598
443-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl Propane14.859
45(Z, Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester1.4755.402
46(Z) 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester0.86612.2760.117
47Oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one0.861
489,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester5.6193.586
49(Z, Z, Z)- 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester1.515
50Ethyl Oleate1.8390.527
51(Z, Z)- 9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride0.780
52Heneicosane6.2770.559
53Pentacosane2..601
54Tetradecane0.098
551-(2-nitropropyl)- Cyclohexanol0.149
561H-Cyclopropa[a]naphthalene0.067
572,6,10-trimethyl-Tetradecane0.098
58Pentadecane0.171
59Hexadecane0.770
60Heptadecane2.527
615,6-bis(2,2-dimethylpropylidene)-(E,Z)- Decane2.805
621-chloro-Octadecane1.043
63Octadecane1.755
641-Hexadecanol acetate4.052
656,10,14-trimethyl-2-Pentadecanone0.99746.276
661,2-Benzenedicarboxylic-acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester1.091
67Nonadecane1.0320.279
6814-Methylpentadecanoic acid methyl ester7.699
697,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro (4, 5) deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione7.909
70tert-Hexadecanethiol1.851
711,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid butyl 8-methylnonyl ester1.152
72Eicosane1.012
732,4,4,6,6,8,8-Heptamethyl-2-nonene0.624
745,6,6-Trimethyl-5-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)-1-oxaspiro [2.5] octan-4-one0.599
75Methyl-11,14-eicosadienoate0.570
768-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester0.755
775-dodecyldihydro-2(3H)-Furanone0.470
78Hexadecanoic acid butyl ester2.189
79Docosane0.587
80Behenic alcohol5.025
81Heptacosane4.005
82Butyl 9,12-octadecadienoate0.555
83Tetracosane6.873
84Octacosane4.641
851,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester0.516
86Hexacosane0.463
87Sulfurous acid cyclohexylmethyl pentadecyl ester0.462
889-octyl-Tetracosane0.576
89Hexatriacontane6.734
909-octyl-Hexacosane0.486
911-Hexacosene0.538
9213-dodecyl-Hexacosane5.129
93Nonacosane0.773
94i-Propyl 24-methyl-pentacos-5,9-dienoate5.109
95Triacontane2.544
96Hentriacontane3.285
97Dotriacontane1.230
98Tritriacontane1.701
991-(1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-cyclopent-2-enyl)-ethanone1.602
1003,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol1.224
101Methyl-9-Tetradecenoate0.115
102Methyl tetradecanoate1.539
103Pentadecanoic acid methyl ester0.095
10412-methyl Tetradecanoic acid methyl ester0.111
10514-methyl-Pentadecanoic acid methyl ester0.048
106(Z)- 9-Hexadecenoic acid methyl ester0.915
107Heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester0.519
1089,10,12-trimethoxy Octadecanoic acid methyl ester1.305
1099-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester5.033
11013-octadecenoate7.818
111Octadecanoic acid methyl ester2.262
112Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate0.375
113Methyl 12-hydroxystearate3,005
114Methyl 13-phenyl-tridecanoate1.031

The systematic research of essential oil in Arisaema Amuremse Maxim in this paper was the foundation for further study, which was of great significance to increase the medicinal parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim.

3.2 The antiproliferative activity was investigated by MTT assay

The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves, and fruits was tested against cancer cell lines, including Hep2, HCT-116, A-549, SW-480, HepG-2 for proliferation and survival by MTT assay. In general, the essential oil of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim all activated on cancer cells effectively. The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits all had strong antiproliferative activity. Among them, the essential oil of tubers and petioles had stronger antitumor activity. The results were presented in Table 2.

Table 2

The antiproliferative activity of essential oil.

IC50 (μg·mL-1)
PartsHep2HCT-116A-549HepG-2SW-480Most Sensitive Cells
Fruits50.47±5.2659.26±8.38105.00±18.2640.14±6.1230.23±4.99SW-480
Tubers26.71±3.8419.60±0.9527.44±1.2319.83±1.5635.46±2.37HCT-116
Leaves51.79±4.9836.75±5.2452.52±6.3223.80±2.77138.10±15.52HepG-2
Petioles23.60±1.9419.52±1.3620.80±7.6417.60±1.9627.72±7.11HepG-2

4 Discussion

In the literature, reports were mainly on the study of essential oil of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim tubers. In this paper, the antitumor activity of essential oil in various parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim (including tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits) was studied and compared for the first time.

Arisaema Amuremse Maxim had 114 kinds of essential oil. There were 24 kinds of essential oil of tubers with ingredients over 1%. The highest was three-cyclohexyl - 1-phenyl propane, occupied 14.859%. There were 25 kinds of essential oil of petiole with ingredients over 1%, the highest was 7,9-two tertiary butyl-1-oxygen screw [4.5]-decane-6, 9-diene-2,8-diketone (7.909%) and 14-methyl pentadecane acid methyl ester (7.699%). The highest in leaves was 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecane ketone (46.276%). The highest in fruits was methyl palmitate (53.452%). There were 5 kinds of essential oil for leaves with ingredients over 1%, the highest was 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecane ketone (46.276%). There were 9 kinds of essential oil of fruits with ingredients over 1%, the highest was methyl palmitate (53.452%).

The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves, and fruits was tested against cancer cell lines, including Hep2, HCT-116, A-549, SW-480, HepG-2 for proliferation and survival by MTT assay. Among them, the tubers were the most sensitive to HCT-116 cells, and the IC50 was 19.60±0.95 ；Petioles was the most sensitive to HepG-2 cells, IC50 is 17.60±1.96; Fruits were the most sensitive to SW-480 cells, IC50 was 30.23±4.99; Leaves were most sensitive to HepG-2 cells, IC50 was 23.80±2.77. It can be seen from Table 2 that essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves, and fruits of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim had a good in vitro inhibition over the above four experimental cells. With the increase of the dose, the inhibition of tumor cells gradually increased. Therefore, the four parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim, including petiole, leaf and fruit, could be used in medicine. The medicinal part of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim recorded by the first edition of the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia was its dried tubers. In addition to the medicinal studies on the tuber parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim, the petiole, leaf and fruit parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim were also studied in this paper. Therefore, this study was of great significance in increasing the effective medicinal parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim.

Figure 1 GC-MS chromatograms showed the essential oil in every part of Arisaema amurenseMaxim: (a) Fruits, (b) Tubers, (c) leaves, (d) Petioles.
Figure 1

GC-MS chromatograms showed the essential oil in every part of Arisaema amurenseMaxim: (a) Fruits, (b) Tubers, (c) leaves, (d) Petioles.

5 Conclusions

The essential oil components of the whole plant of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim were studied systematically in this paper, which would lay the foundation for further research on its chemical composition and increasing the effective medicinal parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim.

Acknowledgments

The authors expressed many thanks for the funding and support of Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, and also tgrateful for the assistance from Dr. Xiaohong Yang.

  1. Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received: 2018-06-11
Accepted: 2018-09-11
Published Online: 2019-09-25

© 2019 Guiying Li et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Public License.

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  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0054
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
Arisaema; Amuremse; Maxim essential oil; MTT
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Regular Articles
  2. Research on correlation of compositions with oestrogenic activity of Cistanche based on LC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology
  3. Efficacy of Pyrus elaeagnifolia subsp. elaeagnifolia in acetic acid–induced colitis model
  4. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive features of Bryonia alba L.: As a possible alternative in treating rheumatism
  5. High efficiency liposome fusion induced by reducing undesired membrane peptides interaction
  6. Prediction of the Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Using RP-18 Thin Layer Chromatography
  7. Phytic Acid Extracted from Rice Bran as a Growth Promoter for Euglena gracilis
  8. Development of a validated spectrofluorimetric method for assay of sotalol hydrochloride in tablets and human plasma: application for stability-indicating studies
  9. Topological Indices of Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates’ Molecular Structure in Cancer Treatment
  10. Thermodynamic properties of the bubble growth process in a pool boiling of water-ethanol mixture two-component system
  11. Critical Roles of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis and Autophagy of Astrocytes Induced by Methamphetamine
  12. Characteristics of Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes of Soil Moisture under Different Land Use in Dry Hot Valley of Yuanmou
  13. Specific, highly sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method for quantification of daclatasvir in HCV human plasma patients and in tablets dosage form
  14. Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
  15. Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells treated with ginsenoside Rh2 regulate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo
  16. Identification of Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Resistance Genes in Selected Wheat Varieties and Development of Multiplex PCR
  17. Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
  18. The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
  19. Minimal Energy Tree with 4 Branched Vertices
  20. Jatropha seed oil derived poly(esteramide-urethane)/ fumed silica nanocomposite coatings for corrosion protection
  21. Calculating topological indices of certain OTIS interconnection networks
  22. Energy storage analysis of R125 in UIO-66 and MOF-5 nanoparticles: A molecular simulation study
  23. Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS
  24. Effects of Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract, Capping Agents, on the Synthesis of Pure And Cu Doped ZnO-Nanoparticles: A Green Approach and Microbial Activity
  25. Aqueous Micro-hydration of Na+(H2O)n=1-7 Clusters: DFT Study
  26. A proposed image-based detection of methamidophos pesticide using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system
  27. Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
  28. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
  29. Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
  30. Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
  31. The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
  32. Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of Berberine on HeLa Cells
  33. Chiral and Achiral Enantiomeric Separation of (±)-Alprenolol
  34. Correlation of Water Fluoride with Body Fluids, Dental Fluorosis and FT4, FT3 –TSH Disruption among Children in an Endemic Fluorosis area in Pakistan
  35. A one-step incubation ELISA kit for rapid determination of dibutyl phthalate in water, beverage and liquor
  36. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophylata from Amboina Island and Derivatives of Eugenol
  37. Effects of Blue and Red Light On Growth And Nitrate Metabolism In Pakchoi
  38. miRNA-199a-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in prolactinomas
  39. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
  40. Influence of sub-inhibitory concentration of selected plant essential oils on the physical and biochemical properties of Pseudomonas orientalis
  41. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
  42. Complex formation in a liquid-liquid extraction-chromogenic system for vanadium(IV)
  43. Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds
  44. Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
  45. A preliminary assessment of potential ecological risk and soil contamination by heavy metals around a cement factory, western Saudi Arabia
  46. Anti- inflammatory effect of Prunus tomentosa Thunb total flavones in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells
  47. Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
  48. Methods of extraction, physicochemical properties of alginates and their applications in biomedical field – a review
  49. Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
  50. Preparation of ternary ZnO/Ag/cellulose and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation property on phenol and benzene in VOCs
  51. Influence of Human Serum Albumin Glycation on the Binding Affinities for Natural Flavonoids
  52. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of 2-methylthio-pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
  53. Comparative study on the antioxidant activities of ten common flower teas from China
  54. Molecular Properties of Symmetrical Networks Using Topological Polynomials
  55. Synthesis of Co3O4 Nano Aggregates by Co-precipitation Method and its Catalytic and Fuel Additive Applications
  56. Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant and Antiprotoscolices potential of ethanol extracts of selected plants species against Echinococcus granulosus: In-vitro study
  57. Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions
  58. Simultaneous Quantification of the New Psychoactive Substances 3-FMC, 3-FPM, 4-CEC, and 4-BMC in Human Blood using GC-MS
  59. Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
  60. Miscibility studies of polystyrene/polyvinyl chloride blend in presence of organoclay
  61. Antibacterial Activities of Transition Metal complexes of Mesocyclic Amidine 1,4-diazacycloheptane (DACH)
  62. Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and in vitro screening of their cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cell line
  63. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method
  64. Various Combinations of Flame Retardants for Poly (vinyl chloride)
  65. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of rye (Secale cereale L.) grains
  66. Oxidative degradation of gentamicin present in water by an electro-Fenton process and biodegradability improvement
  67. Optimizing Suitable Conditions for the Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen by a Microbe Isolated from Chicken Manure
  68. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Haloxylon salicornicum aqueous fraction
  69. The anti-corrosion behaviour of Satureja montana L. extract on iron in NaCl solution
  70. Interleukin-4, hemopexin, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are significantly increased in patients with unstable carotid plaque
  71. A comparative study of the crystal structures of 2-(4-(2-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)pipera -zinyl)ethyl) benzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione by synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction
  72. Conceptual DFT as a Novel Chemoinformatics Tool for Studying the Chemical Reactivity Properties of the Amatoxin Family of Fungal Peptides
  73. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk-based Mithae samples from Pakistan
  74. Kinetics of Iron Removal From Ti-Extraction Blast Furnace Slag by Chlorination Calcination
  75. Increasing the activity of DNAzyme based on the telomeric sequence: 2’-OMe-RNA and LNA modifications
  76. Exploring the optoelectronic properties of a chromene-appended pyrimidone derivative for photovoltaic applications
  77. Effect of He Qi San on DNA Methylation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Phlegm-blood Stasis Syndrome
  78. Cyclodextrin potentiometric sensors based on selective recognition sites for procainamide: Comparative and theoretical study
  79. Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
  80. Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc
  81. Enhanced adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotics in water by modified biochar derived from bagasse
  82. Study on the Mechanism of Shugan Xiaozhi Fang on Cells with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  83. Comparative Effects of Salt and Alkali Stress on Antioxidant System in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Leaves
  84. Optimization of chromatographic systems for analysis of selected psychotropic drugs and their metabolites in serum and saliva by HPLC in order to monitor therapeutic drugs
  85. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni-Doped BaFe12O19 for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
  86. Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
  87. Phytochemistry and toxicological assessment of Bryonia dioica roots used in north-African alternative medicine
  88. The essential oil composition of selected Hemerocallis cultivars and their biological activity
  89. Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
  90. Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
  91. Topical Issue on Applications of Mathematics in Chemistry
  92. Zagreb Connection Number Index of Nanotubes and Regular Hexagonal Lattice
  93. The Sanskruti index of trees and unicyclic graphs
  94. Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn
  95. Computing Topological Indices for Para-Line Graphs of Anthracene
  96. Zagreb Polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices of Dendrimers and Polyomino Chains
  97. Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
  98. Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
  99. Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
  100. Generators of Maximal Subgroups of Harada-Norton and some Linear Groups
  101. Special Issue on POKOCHA 2018
  102. Influence of Production Parameters on the Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extruded Porridge Enriched with Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)
  103. Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction (SC-CO2) on the content of tiliroside in the extracts from Tilia L. flowers
  104. Impact of xanthan gum addition on phenolic acids composition and selected properties of new gluten-free maize-field bean pasta
  105. Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
  106. The effect of selected substances on the stability of standard solutions in voltammetric analysis of ascorbic acid in fruit juices
  107. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland
  108. Special Issue on IC3PE 2018 Conference
  109. The Photocatalytic Activity of Zns-TiO2 on a Carbon Fiber Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
  110. N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations
  111. Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Hydrolysis of Adenosine Monophosphate Disodium Salt (AMPNa2) in Acidic and Alkaline Media
  112. Antimalarial Activity of Andrographis Paniculata Ness‘s N-hexane Extract and Its Major Compounds
  113. Special Issue on ABB2018 Conference
  114. Special Issue on ICCESEN 2017
  115. Theoretical Diagnostics of Second and Third-order Hyperpolarizabilities of Several Acid Derivatives
  116. Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes
  117. Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer
  118. Liquid−Liquid Extraction of Linalool from Methyl Eugenol with 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate [EMIM][HSO4] Ionic Liquid
  119. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Through Ultrasonic Assisted Electrochemical Exfoliation
  120. Special Issue on ISCMP 2018
  121. Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of some 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives against human cervical cancer cells
  122. The influence of the grafted aryl groups on the solvation properties of the graphyne and graphdiyne - a MD study
  123. Electrochemical modification of platinum and glassy carbon surfaces with pyridine layers and their use as complexing agents for copper (II) ions
  124. Effect of Electrospinning Process on Total Antioxidant Activity of Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Grape Seed Extract
  125. Effect Of Thermal Treatment Of Trepel At Temperature Range 800-1200˚C
  126. Topical Issue on Agriculture
  127. The effect of Cladophora glomerata exudates on the amino acid composition of Cladophora fracta and Rhizoclonium sp.
  128. Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds
  129. The use of UV-induced fluorescence for the assessment of homogeneity of granular mixtures
  130. The use of microorganisms as bio-fertilizers in the cultivation of white lupine
  131. Lyophilized apples on flax oil and ethyl esters of flax oil - stability and antioxidant evaluation
  132. Production of phosphorus biofertilizer based on the renewable materials in large laboratory scale
  133. Human health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Ugbawka fields, Enugu, Nigeria
  134. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition
  135. Special Issue on the 4th Green Chemistry 2018
  136. Dead zone for hydrogenation of propylene reaction carried out on commercial catalyst pellets
  137. Improved thermally stable oligoetherols from 6-aminouracil, ethylene carbonate and boric acid
  138. The role of a chemical loop in removal of hazardous contaminants from coke oven wastewater during its treatment
  139. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology
  140. Special Issue on Chemistry Today for Tomorrow 2019
  141. Applying Discriminant and Cluster Analyses to Separate Allergenic from Non-allergenic Proteins
  142. Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
  143. Chemomertic Risk Assessment of Soil Pollution
  144. New composite sorbent for speciation analysis of soluble chromium in textiles
  145. Photocatalytic activity of NiFe2O4 and Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 modified by Eu(III) and Tb(III) for decomposition of Malachite Green
  146. Photophysical and antibacterial activity of light-activated quaternary eosin Y
  147. Spectral properties and biological activity of La(III) and Nd(III) Monensinates
  148. Special Issue on Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management for the Exposure to Environmental Toxins
  149. Soil organic carbon mineralization in relation to microbial dynamics in subtropical red soils dominated by differently sized aggregates
  150. A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
  151. Special Issue on 13th JCC 2018
  152. Fluorescence study of 5-nitroisatin Schiff base immobilized on SBA-15 for sensing Fe3+
  153. Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
  154. Encapsulation of Vitamin C in Sesame Liposomes: Computational and Experimental Studies
  155. A comparative study of the utilization of synthetic foaming agent and aluminum powder as pore-forming agents in lightweight geopolymer synthesis
  156. Synthesis of high surface area mesoporous silica SBA-15 by adjusting hydrothermal treatment time and the amount of polyvinyl alcohol
  157. Review of large-pore mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica and its applications
  158. Ion Exchange of Benzoate in Ni-Al-Benzoate Layered Double Hydroxide by Amoxicillin
  159. Synthesis And Characterization Of CoMo/Mordenite Catalyst For Hydrotreatment Of Lignin Compound Models
  160. Production of Biodiesel from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) using Microwave with CaO Catalyst from Eggshell Waste: Optimization of Transesterification Process Parameters
  161. The Study of the Optical Properties of C60 Fullerene in Different Organic Solvents
  162. Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
  163. Topical Issue on Environmental Chemistry
  164. Ionic liquids modified cobalt/ZSM-5 as a highly efficient catalyst for enhancing the selectivity towards KA oil in the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane
  165. Application of Thermal Resistant Gemini Surfactants in Highly Thixotropic Water-in-oil Drilling Fluid System
  166. Screening Study on Rheological Behavior and Phase Transition Point of Polymer-containing Fluids produced under the Oil Freezing Point Temperature
  167. The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
  168. The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
  169. Special Issue on the International conference CosCI 2018
  170. Design of SiO2/TiO2 that Synergistically Increases The Hydrophobicity of Methyltrimethoxysilane Coated Glass
  171. Antidiabetes and Antioxidant agents from Clausena excavata root as medicinal plant of Myanmar
  172. Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Method Using Candida Biofilm Antigen as a Bioreceptor for Candidiasis in Rats
  173. Special Issue on Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2019
  174. Adsorption of copper ions on Magnolia officinalis residues after solid-phase fermentation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  175. Erratum
  176. Erratum to: Sand Dune Characterization For Preparing Metallurgical Grade Silicon
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