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Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection

  • Li-Wei Zhang , Yan-Chun Peng , Qiong Pan , Sai-Lan Li , Liang-Wan Chen EMAIL logo and Yan-Juan Lin EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 12, 2024
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Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 19 Issue 1

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this research was to compile a self-management assessment scale for patients with aortic dissection (AD). The questionnaire is useful in making the patient aware of the need for post-operative care in order to contribute to improving the outcome and quality of life.

Methods

The initial version of the “postoperative self-management assessment scale for patients with aortic dissection” was developed using the Delphi expert consultation method based on qualitative research results, consultation of self-management-related literature, reference to the existing self-management scale, and self-efficacy theory, combined with the disease characteristics of AD. By using the convenience sampling method, a total of 201 patients with AD who had undergone surgery were selected as the research participants. The initial version of the scale was used for follow-up investigation, and the scale entries were evaluated and exploratory factor analysis carried out to form the formal version of the “postoperative self-management assessment scale for patients with aortic dissection.” A total of 214 patients with AD after surgery were selected as the research participants. The formal version of the scale was used for follow-up investigation, and its reliability and validity were evaluated.

Results

The formal version of the scale had 6 dimensions and 35 entries. The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the total scale was 0.908, the split-half reliability was 0.790, and the test–retest reliability after 2 weeks was 0.471. The content validity index of the total scale was 0.963. Exploratory factor analysis yielded six common factors, and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 66.303%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that except for the incremental fit index, Tucker–Lewis index, and comparative fit index >0.85, slightly lower than 0.90, χ 2/df <3, root mean square of approximation <0.08, parsimonious goodness-of-fit index, and parsimonious normed fit index >0.50; all other model fitting requirements were satisfied, indicating that the model fitting was acceptable.

Conclusion

We compiled the postoperative self-management assessment scale for patients with AD, which has demonstrated excellent reliability and validity and can be used as a tool to evaluate the postoperative self-management level in patients with aortic dissection.

Keywords: aortic dissection; Delphi method; reliability and validity test; scale; self-management

1 Introduction

Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the most critical cardiovascular diseases with a high mortality rate and elevated risk, which seriously threatens the lives of patients [1]. Surgery is a crucial treatment method for AD [1,2]. With the continuous development of surgical diagnosis and treatment, the postoperative survival rate of patients with AD has increased dramatically. According to relevant studies, the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of patients with AD are 92, 77, and 57%, respectively [3].

Postoperative monitoring of the disease and prevention of postoperative complications in patients with AD primarily depend on their own management. Therefore, whether discharged patients can effectively carry out self-management is of great significance for the prevention of postoperative complications and the enhancement of quality of life [4]. There is currently no evaluation tool for the postoperative self-management of patients with AD. Therefore, in this study, we begin with the definition of self-management, combined with qualitative research and related theories of patients with AD, to develop an evaluation scale for postoperative self-management of patients with AD and provide a measurement tool for a comprehensive evaluation of the postoperative self-management ability of patients with AD. The aim of this study would be useful in making the patient aware of the need for post-operative care in order to contribute to improving the outcome and quality of life.

2 Scale compilation

2.1 Preliminary determination of the scale structure

The construction of this scale was based on the self-efficacy theory proposed by Bandura [5]. The most important function of self-efficacy in self-management was to influence their own health through the regulation of self-management behavior. Bandura believed that the beginning and continuation of a particular activity or behavior were the result of the combined influence of efficacy and outcome expectations. There are four factors that influence self-efficacy: mastery experiences (such as the accumulation of experience in the results of individual daily behavior, i.e., daily life management), vicarious experiences (e.g., other ways to acquire knowledge, verbal persuasion (e.g., communicating with others), and emotion arise (e.g., symptom management, psychological coping).

According to the above theories, four sources of self-efficacy influenced the postoperative self-management behavior of patients with AD. Therefore, the initial dimensions of the postoperative self-management assessment scale for patients with AD included the following six aspects: (1) symptom management: primarily refers to the ability of the patient to cope with symptoms such as chest pain, chest tightness, palpitations, and dizziness; (2) medical staff communication: primarily refers to the communication mode and content between patients and medical staff; (3) information management: primarily refers to the patient’s mastery and acquisition of disease; (4) daily life management: primarily refers to the patient’s diet, exercise, smoking, drinking, and disease self-monitoring; (5) psychological management: primarily refers to the patient’s ability to cope with negative emotions; and (6) self-efficacy: primarily refers to the patient’s confidence when confronting disease.

2.2 Establish a scale entry library

2.2.1 Literature research

PubMed, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases were retrieved with the keywords of “aortic dissection” and “self-management,” [6–9], and self-management entries were collected. In addition, the chronic disease self-management scales published domestically and internationally were also retrieved, particularly the cardiovascular disease self-management scales, such as the chronic disease self-management scale [10], the self-management scale-30 [11], the diabetes self-management scale [12], the coronary heart disease self-management scale [13], the heart failure patient self-management scale [14], and so on. The entries from these scales that satisfied the self-management of patients with AD after surgery were selected as alternative entries and added to the entry library.

2.2.2 Interview method

As a supplement to the literature research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 postoperative patients with AD, and four themes related to the postoperative self-management of patients with AD were extracted: (1) lack of disease-related knowledge, (2) inadequate disease management behavior, (3) absence of medical communication, and (4) weak psychological state. The themes derived from the interview results were added as alternative entries to the entry library.

2.2.3 Establishment of the scale entry library

Based on the results of literature research and qualitative patient interviews, the research group sorted and analyzed the collected entries, integrated those with similar meanings, deleted the duplicates, and constructed a scale entry library with 40 entries. There were 4 entries for self-efficacy, 7 for information management, 8 for symptom management, 5 entries for medical communication, 12 entries for daily life management, and 4 entries for psycho-social management.

2.3 Delphi expert inquiry method

One foreign expert and 12 domestic experts in cardiac surgery, cardiology, vascular surgery, clinical nursing, nursing education, and other related specialties were invited (Table 1).

Table 1

Basic information of experts

Item Category No. of people Composition ratio (%)
Education Doctor 7 53.84
Master 3 23.08
Bachelor 3 23.08
Title Senior 6 46.15
Vice-senior 6 46.15
Middle 1 7.70
Years of work 10–19 years 6 46.15
≥20 years 7 53.84
Main clinical engagement field Cardiac surgery 7 53.84
Cardiology 1 7.70
Clinical nursing 3 23.08
Nursing education 1 7.70
Vascular surgery 1 7.70
Area Fujian 10 76.92
Beijing 1 7.70
Wuhan 1 7.70
Singapore 1 7.70

All 13 questionnaires distributed in three rounds of expert consultation were recovered. The positive coefficient of experts was 100%, the overall authority coefficient of experts (CR) was 0.981, and the Kendall’s W of three rounds of experts was 0.273, 0.137, and 0.429, respectively. The screening criteria were the mean score of the entry importance score ≥4 points, the coefficient of variation <0.25, and the expert recognition rate ≥75%, which were determined after the recovery of each expert correspondence questionnaire. In the first round of correspondence, 4 entries were deleted and 16 entries were added; a total of 13 entries were deleted in the second round of consultation; and in the third round of consultation, experts recognized the dimensions and entries of the scale and did not propose amendments.

The initial version of the AD patient self-management assessment scale, with 39 entries in 6 dimensions, was developed based on the screening of three rounds of consultation. The scale uses a Likert 5-level score, and 1 to 5 points indicate “none, little, sometimes, often, always.” The higher the score, the greater the patient’s self-management.

2.4 Preliminary investigation

To test the operability of the scale, 20 patients after AD surgery were selected for preliminary investigation to adjust the expression of entries that were hard to understand, to acquaint themselves with possible problems in the investigation process, and to prepare for the response measures in advance.

2.5 Formal test

In this study, patients who had the same surgery between June 2017 and June 2020 were divided into two groups using the convenience sampling method. The patients in the first group were investigated in August 2020. Inclusion criteria included: (1) diagnosed as AD by computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography, (2) age ≥18 years old, (3) patient with the ability of communication and reading comprehension, (4) patient who underwent AD surgery and was discharged from 3 months to 3 years, and (5) voluntary and informed consent to participate in this study. Exclusion criteriawere (1) patient with a history of mental illness and (2) patient with severe complications, such as heart failure or respiratory failure. With a recovery rate of 93.5%, a total of 201 valid questionnaires were collected from 215 respondents. The average age of the 201 patients with AD who participated in this survey was (54.58 ± 12.63) years.

2.5.1 Entry re-screening

The entries of the scale were verified using entry analysis with the following screening criteria: (1) critical ratio method: an independent sample t-test was used to assess the differences in the scores of the patients between the high score and the low score groups on each entry, and entries with no significant difference were excluded. The entries with a CR value less than 3.00 were rejected from selection [15]. (2) Discrete trend method: delete the entries with a standard deviation <0.75. (3) Correlation coefficient method: delete the entries with a correlation coefficient ≤0.4. (4) Cronbach’s α coefficient method: calculate the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the total scale or each dimension, then compare the changes in the coefficients after removing a certain entry. If the Cronbach’s α coefficient increased significantly after the entry was removed, deletion was considered. Using the four approaches described above, the initial scale entries were screened, with four entries being deleted and 35 entries being retained.

2.6 Reliability and validity test of the scale

The convenience sampling method was used to conduct the second-stage survey in September 2020, and patients with AD (Part II) who underwent surgical treatment between June 2017 and June 2020 were selected as the research participants. The standard of admission remained unchanged. A total of 226 patients were interviewed in this survey, and 214 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 94.6%. A total of 214 patients with AD were aged between 30 and 77 years old, with an average age of (54.20 ± 11.16) years. Internal consistency analysis, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability were used in this study to evaluate the reliability of the scale. The test–retest reliability was carried out 2 weeks after the first measurement, and 50 patients with AD were selected to retest. Pearson’s coefficient was used to evaluate the results of the two tests. The content validity of the scale was calculated by evaluating the entries with the help of an expert. The structural validity of the scale was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out based on exploratory factor analysis to further verify the structure of the scale.

  1. Ethics approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (2020.No.80).

  2. Informed consent: A written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

3 Results

3.1 Reliability analysis

The Cronbach’s α coefficient of each factor of the scale was between 0.620 and 0.931, with a total scale of 0.908. The split-half reliability of each factor was between 0.493 and 0.897, with a total scale of 790 (Table 2). The test–retest reliability was 0.471 (Table 3).

Table 2

Internal consistency analysis of each factor and total self-management scale

Item Cronbach’s α coefficient Split-half reliability
Psychological management 0.856 0.748
Disease symptoms and management 0.931 0.897
Disease knowledge management 0.801 0.544
Self-monitoring management 0.704 0.493
Disease treatment and management 0.648 0.694
Daily life management 0.620 0.593
Total scale 0.908 0.790
Table 3

Test–retest reliability of each factor and total scale of self-management scale (x ± s)

Item First Second Correlation coefficient
Psychological management 39.00 ± 6.22 40.52 ± 5.54 0.334*
Disease symptoms and management 22.34 ± 6.15 23.36 ± 6.07 0.263
Disease knowledge management 12.02 ± 3.56 12.64 ± 3.73 0.495*
Self-monitoring management 12.42 ± 3.59 12.14 ± 3.11 0.060
Disease treatment and management 15.34 ± 2.89 16.00 ± 2.99 0.557*
Daily life management 15.92 ± 2.62 16.66 ± 2.31 0.364*
Total scale 117.04 ± 17.77 121.32 ± 17.17 0.471*

Note: *indicates P < 0.05.

3.2 Validity analysis

3.2.1 Content validity

The scale-level content validity index was 0.963, and the entry-level content validity index was 0.769–0.923, according to the results of the third round of expert consultation.

3.2.2 Exploratory factor analysis

After screening, 35 entries were assessed for Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett sphericity. KMO = 0.869, and the Bartlett test value was 5877.283, which reached a significant level (P < 0.05) and was suitable for exploratory factor analysis. Principal component analysis was used to extract common factors. Using the oblique rotation method (Kaiser standardized optimal oblique method) without limiting the extraction of common factors, the results of the first factor analysis revealed that there were nine common factors with eigenvalues >1, which could explain 76.194% of the total variation. According to the gravel map, the final number of common factors was six, and the factor analysis was repeated. The six common factors explained 66.303% of the variation, and the factor load of 35 entries was 0.520–0.934. The entries were assigned to the corresponding factors based on the size of the factor load of the rotated entries (Table A1), and the factors were named based on the content of the reintegrated entries. Finally, a formal scale with 6 dimensions and 35 entries was developed: 11 entries dealt with psychological management, 7 with disease symptom management, 5 with disease knowledge management, 4 with self-monitoring management, 4 with disease treatment management, and 4 with daily life management.

3.2.3 Correlation analysis

The correlation coefficient between entries and each factor ranged between 0.451 and 0.912. The correlation coefficient between each factor ranged between 0.178 and 0.468, while the correlation coefficient between each factor and the total score was between 0.552 and 0.756 (Tables A2 and A3).

3.2.4 Confirmatory factor analysis

Based on exploratory factor analysis, 214 patients from the second-stage survey were selected for confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the structural model fitting degree evaluation in this study revealed that, with the exception of incremental fit index (IFI), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.85, slightly lower than 0.90, χ 2/df < 3, root mean square of approximation (RMSEA) <0.08, parsimonious goodness-of-fit index (PGFI), and parsimonious normed fit index (PNFI) >0.50, all fulfilled the model fitting requirements, indicating that the model fitting was acceptable (Table A4).

4 Discussion

4.1 The scale is scientific and practical

The objective of this study was to develop a scale that accurately and effectively measures the self-management ability of postoperative disease treatment, daily life, and psychosocial aspects of patients with AD, to understand the self-management needs of patients, and to provide a basis for developing corresponding intervention strategies and health education.

To develop a scale, it is necessary to first establish the basic framework of the scale. In self-management, self-efficacy influences one’s health by regulating self-management behaviors [16,17]. This study is based on the theory of self-efficacy by American psychologist Bandura. By reviewing a large number of domestic and international literature on self-management research and published scales on self-management, six dimensions of the scale were preliminarily identified: disease knowledge, symptom management, healthcare communication, daily life management, psychological coping, and self-efficacy. The establishment of scale items is also an important component of the entire scale and forms the core content of the scale. The formulation of scale items should fully reflect the assessment purpose of the scale and possess scientific and applicability. In this study, through literature research and interviews with AD patients, as well as referencing items from self-management scales for cardiovascular diseases and combining them with the disease characteristics of AD itself, comprehensive information on postoperative self-management items for AD patients was obtained. The research team organized and discussed the obtained information, ultimately forming an item pool to ensure the scientific validity and applicability of scale construction. To ensure the rationality and completeness of the items, the Delphi consultation method [18] was employed during the item selection stage, inviting experts with profound theoretical research and practical experience in the field of cardiovascular specialization to evaluate and modify the scale items. Statistical methods such as critical ratio method, discrete trend method, correlation coefficient method, etc., were used to assess item sensitivity, independence, etc. Therefore, the developed scale in this study possesses a high level of scientific rigor (Table A5).

To ensure the practicability of the scale, we conducted qualitative interviews in this study with 18 patients after AD surgery so that the content of the scale could accurately reflect the needs of patients. The key concerns related to postoperative self-management in patients with AD were included in the scale entries through a literature review. In addition, the recovery rates of the two scales were 93.5 and 94.6%, respectively, and the recovery rate was high, indicating that the scale was acceptable. The initial scale eventually contained 35 entries after entry screening, and the time to complete the scale could be controlled within 20 min. Therefore, it demonstrated that the scale had good feasibility.

4.2 The scale has good reliability and validity

The results of this study revealed that the Cronbach’s α coefficient of each factor of the scale was between 0.620 and 0.931, the total scale was 0.908, the split-half reliability was between 0.493 and 0.897, and the total scale was 0.790. This demonstrated that the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale in this investigation was good, indicating that it met the requirements of measurement, and that the internal consistency of the scale in this study was good. The test–retest reliability of the scale was low. The scores of factors 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 were higher in the second measurement than in the first measurement, which might be related to the participants receiving corresponding feedback and guidance after the first test, resulting in the influence of the retest coefficient.

In this study, a three-round expert consultation was conducted, involving 13 experts who collectively reviewed, modified, and evaluated the importance of the scale items. Based on the results of the third-round expert consultation, the content validity index of this scale was calculated to be 0.963, with content validity indices for individual items ranging from 0.769 to 0.923. This suggests that the developed scale has good content validity [19] and accurately reflects the content it intends to measure. Exploratory factor analysis results showed that the six common factors accounted for 66.303% of the total variance, indicating that these factors can effectively represent the overall structure of the scale. Furthermore, each factor was highly correlated with the total score, while correlations between factors were relatively low, indicating good internal consistency of the scale. Therefore, it can be concluded that this scale has good structural validity.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that except for the estimated values of IFI, TLI, and CFI, which were slightly lower than 0.90, the remaining indicators χ 2/df, RMSEA, PNFI, and PGFI met the requirements of reference values [20]. It also demonstrated that the scale had strong construct validity [19,21].

4.3 Limitations and improvement

Only patients discharged from a tertiary hospital after AD surgery were selected as the research participants in this study, which reduced the representativeness of the sample and, to a certain extent, affected the generalization of the scale. In this investigation, due to the lack of a comprehensive assessment of the “golden standard” scale for postoperative self-management of patients with AD, we were unable to test the validity of the scale using criterion-related validity. The entries of the scale must be upgraded further in future practical applications.

5 Conclusion

We preliminarily developed a postoperative self-management assessment scale for patients with AD with 6 dimensions and 35 entries based on the theory of self-efficacy. The results revealed that the scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the postoperative self-management level of patients with AD.

# These two authors contributed equally.

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  1. Funding information: This study was undertaken thanks to the funding awarded by Fujian Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Medicine Construction Project (NO.2021-76) and Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Finance (2021XH019).

  2. Author contributions: Conception and design of the research: Yanjuan Lin, Liangwan Chen, and Liwei Zhang; acquisition of data: Liwei Zhang, Qiong Pan, Yanchun Peng, and Sailan Li; analysis and interpretation of the data: Liwei Zhang, Yanchun Peng, and Qiong Pan; statistical analysis: Liwei Zhang and Sailan Li; obtaining financing: Yanjuan Lin and Liangwan Chen; writing of the manuscript: Liwei Zhang; critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Yanchun Peng, Qiong Pan, and Yanjuan Lin.

  3. Conflict of interest: All authors have contributed significantly to the manuscript and declare that the work is original and has not been submitted or published elsewhere. None of the authors have any financial disclosure or conflict of interest.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Appendix
Table A1

Structure matrix of six extracted common factors after rotation

Entry Common factor
1 2 3 4 5 6
Self-management 35 0.862
Self-management 33 0.858
Self-management 32 0.833
Self-management 28 0.804
Self-management 27 0.804
Self-management 30 0.736
Self-management 29 0.720
Self-management 31 0.715
Self-management 34 0.706
Self-management 26 0.651
Self-management 25 0.581
Self-management 11 0.934
Self-management 13 0.918
Self-management 10 0.915
Self-management 8 0.883
Self-management 9 0.866
Self-management 12 0.849
Self-management 7 0.749
Self-management 1 0.866
Self-management 2 0.858
Self-management 3 0.800
Self-management 14 0.703
Self-management 15 0.686
Self-management 18 0.926
Self-management 17 0.908
Self-management 19 0.702
Self-management 20 0.617
Self-management 5 0.849
Self-management 6 0.775
Self-management 4 0.579
Self-management 16 0.549
Self-management 22 0.751
Self-management 23 0.665
Self-management 24 0.601
Self-management 21 0.520

Extraction method: principal component analysis; rotation method: Kaiser standardized optimal skew method.

Table A2

Correlation analysis between entries and factors (r)

Entry Correlation index Entry Correlation index
Self-management 1 0.771 Self-management 21 0.704
Self-management 2 0.72 Self-management 22 0.712
Self-management 3 0.699 Self-management 23 0.604
Self-management 4 0.703 Self-management 24 0.716
Self-management 5 0.783 Self-management 25 0.604
Self-management 6 0.743 Self-management 26 0.588
Self-management 7 0.764 Self-management 27 0.655
Self-management 8 0.861 Self-management 28 0.632
Self-management 9 0.873 Self-management 29 0.626
Self-management 10 0.822 Self-management 30 0.652
Self-management 11 0.912 Self-management 31 0.576
Self-management 12 0.757 Self-management 32 0.754
Self-management 13 0.892 Self-management 33 0.723
Self-management 14 0.777 Self-management 34 0.662
Self-management 15 0.776 Self-management 35 0.73
Self-management 16 0.451
Self-management 17 0.797
Self-management 18 0.785
Self-management 19 0.661
Self-management 20 0.676

Note: The above were all statistically significant (P < 0.01).

Table A3

Correlation between each factor and the total scale

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 Factor 5 Factor 6 Total scale score
Factor 1 1.000
Factor 2 0.402 1.000
Factor 3 0.348 0.313 1.000
Factor 4 0.178 0.280 0.421 1.000
Factor 5 0.368 0.383 0.361 0.337 1.000
Factor 6 0.468 0.381 0.222 0.280 0.311 1.000
Total Scale Score 0.756 0.751 0.656 0.552 0.628 0.611 1.000

Note: The above were all statistically significant (P < 0.01).

Table A4

Test results of scale model fitting

Model χ 2 df χ 2/df PGFI PNFI IFI TLI CFI RMSEA
Six dimensions 1061.636 519 2.046 0.649 0.681 0.875 0.854 0.873 0.070

A Self-management assessment scale for aortic dissection (official version)

This questionnaire is mainly used to help us understand your confidence in self-management and how to manage yourself, so as to guide our work more effectively and let more patients benefit from it. This survey data are completely confidential and are only used as a basis for understanding the living conditions of patients and improving our work. For the following questions, please mark “√” in the corresponding form according to your actual situation (or actual feeling). There is no right or wrong answer.

Number Item Options
Disease knowledge management Many Much A few Seldom Never
1 My understanding of the causes, treatment, and recovery of aortic dissection
2 I will take the initiative to obtain information about aortic dissection through the Internet, reading books, and other ways
3 I can identify the reliability of the disease information obtained
4 I will discuss any issues related to my condition with the medical staff
5 I get what I want from the medical staff
Disease treatment and management Always Often Sometimes Seldom Never
6 If I take medication, I know what it does, how to use it, how much to use it, the side effects, and what to look out for
7 I know the importance of aortic dissection review
8 I will follow the doctor’s advice and go to the hospital regularly
9 If I take medicine, I will adhere to the doctor’s advice on time and dosage
Disease symptom management
10 When adverse drug reactions occur, I can communicate with the doctor in time and adjust the medication according to the doctor’s advice
11 When adverse drug reactions occur, I can communicate with the doctor in time and adjust the medication according to the doctor’s advice
12 When sudden chest, lower back, or abdominal pain occurs, I seek immediate medical attention or help
13 I will deal with my body pain correctly and try not to interfere with my normal life
14 If numbness or weakness occurs in my limbs, I seek medical attention or help
15 When I feel tired, have palpitations, or have shortness of breath, I rest immediately
16 If the cough worsens during manual labor or lying flat at night, I will seek medical attention or seek help in time
Self-monitoring management Always Often Sometimes Seldom Never
17 I monitor my pulse every day and record it
18 I monitor my blood pressure every day and record it
19 I monitor my blood lipids regularly and record them
20 I can monitor my weight regularly and keep it in the normal range
Daily life management Always Often Sometimes Seldom Never
21 I eat foods that are low in cholesterol, high in vitamins, high in fiber, and high in protein
22 I can work and rest regularly, don’t stay up late, and ensure a good sleep
23 I can keep my bowels open and avoid straining
24 I can choose appropriate exercise items, exercise intensity, and exercise time according to my own situation or the advice of medical staff, so as to avoid recurrence of aortic dissection caused by high blood pressure
Psychological management Always Often Sometimes Seldom Never
25 I can still do the things or hobbies I love
26 I can actively participate in rehabilitation exercises related to illness
27 I am able to stay positive and try to look on the bright side of life
28 When I am in a bad mood, I will actively seek some ways to adjust my mood (such as walking, listening to music, watching TV, etc.)
29 I can handle the relationship with my family and friends well, and communicate with them proactively when I encounter troubles and anxiety
30 I can accept the fact that I have this disease
31 I still have plans for the rest of my life
32 I was able to set disease management goals and establish behavior plans
33 I have great faith in the treatment and recovery of the disease
34 I have the confidence to change the lifestyle habits that are not conducive to recovery from the disease (according to the previous)
35 I am confident that I can control the bad emotions caused by the disease

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Received: 2023-10-18
Revised: 2024-02-21
Accepted: 2024-03-04
Published Online: 2024-04-12

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

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  2. EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
  3. STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
  4. Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
  5. The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
  6. METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
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  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  14. METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
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  17. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
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https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2024-0939
Keywords for this article
aortic dissection; Delphi method; reliability and validity test; scale; self-management
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
  3. STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
  4. Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
  5. The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
  6. METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
  7. Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
  8. Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
  9. Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
  10. Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  14. METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
  16. Pressure ulcers in German hospitals: Analysis of reimbursement and length of stay
  17. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
  21. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
  22. Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
  23. Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  24. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
  25. The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
  26. Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
  27. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
  28. Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
  29. Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  30. The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
  31. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
  32. Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
  33. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
  34. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
  35. FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
  36. Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
  37. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
  38. Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
  39. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
  40. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
  41. High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
  42. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  43. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  44. Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  136. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
  137. The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
  138. Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
  139. Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
  140. Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
  141. NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
  142. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
  143. Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
  144. Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
  145. Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
  150. Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  151. Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
  152. Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
  153. A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
  154. The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
  162. Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
  165. The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
  168. Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
  171. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
  172. XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
  182. Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
  185. Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
  187. CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
  188. Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
  191. Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
  192. Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
  195. Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
  196. Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
  202. Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
  215. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
  217. Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
  220. Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
  221. SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
  223. Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
  224. Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
  227. Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
  228. Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
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