Abstract
Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a heterogeneous, life-threatening disease. A subgroup of HIV-negative and HHV-8-negative MCD is defined as idiopathic MCD (iMCD) with a poor prognosis. Here we report an unusual case of a 47-year-old male patient with iMCD who experienced multiple treatment regimens such as chemotherapy, immunomodulatory therapy, and targeted therapy, all of which were considered ineffective. Subsequently, he was started on bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone for six cycles and he was in complete remission. The patient has survived nearly 13 years to date – the longest survival of any iMCD patient treated with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone. Bortezomib combined with dexamethasone may be an effective salvage strategy for severe and refractory iMCD.
1 Introduction
Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a heterogeneous group of chronic lymphoid tissue proliferative disorders characterized by enlarged lymph nodes. This group of diseases shares common histopathological features, including hyaline-vascular, plasma cell (PC), and hyaline-vascular plasma cell type [1,2]. MCD involves multiple lymph node sites, which is distinguished from unicentric Castleman (UCD), and often presents with systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, malaise, edema, anemia, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and hypoproteinemia [3]. MCD can be further divided into idiopathic MCD (iMCD), human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8)-associated MCD, and MCD with POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes) [1], where the etiology of HHV8-associated MCD is well-defined and effective treatments are available [4]. In contrast, the etiology and pathogenesis of HHV-8-negative iMCD have not been clearly defined to date. iMCD is widely believed to be driven by IL-6 signaling to develop the disease, but whether other signaling pathways and cytokines are involved remain unknown. iMCD is characterized by systemic symptoms, multiregional lymph node involvement, and the typical histopathological manifestations of Castleman’s disease. Autoimmune-related symptoms are more frequently observed in iMCD than in HHV8-related MCD and UCD, mainly including arthritis or renal insufficiency with proteinuria [5]. CD3+ lymphocytes are significantly higher in the lymph nodes and CD19+/CD5+ lymphocytes appear less frequently in patients with iMCD compared to patients with UCD [6]. In addition, unlike HHV8-associated MCD, iMCD is not correlated with plasmacytoid lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma [7]. iMCD has a low incidence, with a prevalence of only 1,000–1,500 cases in the United States and a slightly higher incidence in Asian countries [8]. Consequently, clinical awareness and management of the disease are lacking, and prospective clinical trials are difficult to conduct, preventing the diagnosis and treatment of the disease from gaining momentum. The diversity of its clinical manifestations makes the diagnosis of iMCD more challenging, where clinical features such as PC variant subtype, age >40 years, TAFRO subtype, organ dysfunction, and inflammation levels are significantly associated with poor prognosis [9]. In addition, iMCD patients have a variable response to treatment, with only 10–20% of iMCD patients receiving glucocorticoids and chemotherapy achieving CR, and those who achieve CR often experience disease relapse within 1–2 years [9]. Furthermore, the overall prognosis of such patients is poor, with 5-year survival rates of only 51–77% [2]. In continuous exploration and conclusion, the first international consensus on iMCD treatment was published only in 2018, continuous clinical practice is still needed to evaluate the optimal treatment options applicable to each patient.
Currently, siltuximab and tocilizumab (an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody) are first-line agents for the treatment of iMCD and have been proven to be safe and effective in multiple practices. In a clinical trial, van Rhee et al. demonstrated that siltuximab significantly prolonged the life expectancy of patients with iMCD, with 34% achieving remission status, and that the incidence of adverse events associated with the drug was no higher than in the control group. It also reported no treatment-related deaths, so the drug can be considered as a safe agent [10,11]. Tocilizumab is a more personalized agent available to treat not only the disease itself but also a variety of complications in MCD patients such as thrombocytopenia, ascites, renal failure, and myelofibrosis as well as cardiomyopathy [11–13]. Rituximab, which targets B lymphocytes, is used in the first-line treatment of HHV8-MCD. It is also used in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents (such as the R-CHOP) in the treatment of iMCD patients when anti-IL-6 agents are ineffective. The selective proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is only available as a second-line treatment option and beyond, but also offers hope for a proportion of iMCD patients [1]. Bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone, characterized by ablation of a highly activated immune system and blocking cytokine storm, is a second-line and above treatment option in patients with the worsening disease or in those who do not respond to siltuximab [5]. Of these, bortezomib is a selective and reversible class of 26S proteasome inhibitors, a drug that is thought to act by blocking the production of nuclear factor-κB-dependent cytokines, such as IL-6 [14–16], which is essential in the pathogenesis of iMCD. In a prospective study [17], the bortezomib–cyclophosphamide–dexamethasone regimen has been well demonstrated for its efficacy and safety in patients with relapsed and refractory (R/R) iMCD, and such multidrug combination chemotherapy regimens may provide an additional treatment option for some patients with iMCD. Here we report an unusual case of a 47-year-old male with severe iMCD, characterized by a series of complications including anemia, pleural and peritoneal effusions, multi-organ failure, and pulmonary infections, which was successfully treated with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone and achieved long-term survival.
2 Case presentation
A 47-year-old Chinese male was admitted to our hospital in April 2009. He reported bilateral lower limb edema with malaise for over 1 year, followed by a gradual onset of abdominal distention that lasted for 2 months. Physical examination revealed red papules on his face and an enlarged spleen with mild induration. No enlarged superficial lymph nodes were palpated and the rest of the medical history was unremarkable. His laboratory data revealed reduced levels of hemoglobin (11.7 g/dL; normal range, 12.0–16.0 g/dL) and albumin (2.65 g/dL; normal range, 3.5–5.5 g/dL), and elevated serum CRP levels (1.63 mg/dL; normal range, 0.0–0.8 mg/dL) (Figure 1). An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and effusion in the chest and abdominal cavity. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed multiple enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes (maximum diameter 4 × 9 mm) (Figure 2). Subsequently, a bone marrow aspiration was performed and there were no significant abnormalities. As malignancy could not be completely excluded, a puncture biopsy of the enlarged abdominal lymph nodes was performed and the pathology was consistent with multicentric Castleman’s disease, PC type (Figure 3). Further examination of the patient’s peripheral blood was negative for HHV8 and HIV.

Representative laboratory data prior to and after application of different treatment regimens. Hemoglobin (a), albumin (b), CRP (c) levels, and ESR (d) improved with bortezomib combined with dexamethasone. (a: cyclophosphamide + vincristine + prednisone; b: cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisone; c: interferon A + thalidomide; d: rituximab + interferon A + thalidomide; e: bortezomib + dexamethasone. Arrows represent the time of initiation of each treatment regimen.).

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT scan at initial presentation revealed a mild abnormal accumulation of FDG in bilateral pleural effusion, as well as ascites, and multiple small lymph nodes (located behind the 12th thoracic and 4th lumbar vertebrae, with a diameter between 4 and 9 mm) (maximum standard uptake value: 1.8–2.2).

Lymph node biopsy showed multicentric Castleman’s disease of PC type. (a) Several lymphatic follicles were detected under light microscopy. The surrounding lymph nodes are arranged in concentric circles. The germinal center is atrophic, with a large number of PCs and a few lymphatic infiltrates in the interfollicles (hematoxylin and eosin, ×400). (b) Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of cells by CD20 antibody, which shows positive follicular areas. (c) IHC staining CD138 PC expression is positive and shows cell membrane staining. (d) IHC staining CD3 and (e) CD68 interfollicular areas are scattered positive (IHC staining, ×20).
After diagnosis in April 2009, the patient was initially treated with the COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy regimen, which was replaced by the CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) regimen in September 2009 due to lack of improvement in his symptoms. During the treatment period, he developed fever, cough, and worsening edema in his lower limbs, his hemoglobin dropped to 7.8 g/dL and white blood cells dropped to 2.5 × 109/L, which precluded him receiving further chemotherapy. Subsequently, the patient’s condition deteriorated dramatically, with a weight loss from 65 to 35 kg, a rapid increase in ascites and pleural effusion, and numerous episodes of anemia requiring blood transfusions with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 4. In December 2009, the patient received 11 months of immunomodulatory therapy, mainly interferon A and thalidomide (100 mg/day), after which his general condition improved. Regrettably, the patient still had symptoms of anemia, no reduction in the enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes on CT scan, and the disease was still slowly progressing.
Hence, after discussing the treatment plan with the patient in March 2011, he received a regimen of bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2) combined with dexamethasone on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11, and repeated on Day 22. However, the patient had to interrupt his treatment after three cycles owing to the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for his gallbladder stones. After surgery, the patient continued to receive three cycles of chemotherapy. At the end of treatment, a health assessment in April 2012 showed that the patient’s HB level and albumin level increased to 15.3 and 3.97 g/dL, respectively, and CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) decreased to 0.809 mg/dL and 11 mm/h, respectively. His enlarged liver and spleen returned to normal size and the retroperitoneal lymph nodes were further reduced on CT images, with an ECOG score of 1. In general, the patient has well tolerated the medication with no adverse events during its administration. At the latest follow-up visit in February 2022, he had no recurrence of his disease and has returned to normal life and work.
-
Informed consent: Informed consent has been obtained from the patient.
3 Discussion
Until now, iMCD has been known for over 10 years, but its etiology and pathogenesis remain elucidated [1]. Various studies have shown that overproduction of cytokines (IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]), viral infections other than HHV-8, and immune diseases play a critical role in the pathogenesis of some cases [3,18]. Targeting different treatment regimens for the cause of the disease has also been refined, including combination chemotherapy, B-cell depleting agents, immunomodulators, and anti-IL-6 targeting monoclonal antibodies. Owing to the heterogeneous and rare nature of iMCD, however, there is variability in the response to treatment in different individuals [19].
According to the consensus iMCD treatment guidelines [5] published in 2018, our case was identified as severe iMCD with a PC subtype of pathology and an unfavorable prognosis. With respect to the choice of the best treatment for this patient was a clinical challenge we faced. The results of a study [20] showed that CHOP regimen had an overall response rate of approximately 90% in iMCD, with 50% showing complete remission. In another prospective study [21], of the ten patients with iMCD treated with COP or CHOP, one had a complete remission and six had a partial remission, which was a more significant treatment effect. In our case, based on our experience with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the patient was treated sequentially with a chemotherapy regimen of COP and CHOP. However, he only obtained a treatment response of disease stabilization and we abandoned this regimen. Subsequently, considering that iMCD may be due to an unexplained viral infection, the patient was treated with antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy. Interferon A and thalidomide, not only have immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-angiogenic effects but also have the property of inhibiting the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 [19,22]. Unfortunately, only a partial response was achieved in our patients. The anti-CD20 drug rituximab, which is considered to be therapeutic that can cause lasting remission [23], did not yield any positive response in our patients. Siltuximab, an anti-IL-6 targeting monoclonal antibody, is currently the first-line therapy of choice for iMCD, but we did not have access to this drug.
Ultimately, the patient was started on bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone for a total of six cycles. Bortezomib is the first selective proteasome inhibitor to enter clinical practice and is currently used in the treatment of a variety of hematological disorders. One of the most successful applications is the treatment of adult multiple myeloma, with significant anti-tumor activity in both untreated and refractory/recurrent multiple myeloma (MM) patients [24–26]. The drug inhibits the growth of MM tumor cells by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB and blocking the production of cytokines such as IL-6 and VEGF. In combination with dexamethasone, this inhibitory effect with synergy will play an even greater role [17,27]. IL-6 is also considered to be the main pathogenic mechanism of iMCD, causing B symptoms in the organism and also inhibiting albumin synthesis, which leads to pleural and abdominal effusions in patients [23]. To this extent, this may explain the initial clinical manifestations of our patient. IL-6 is thought to be intensively associated with the pathogenesis of PC tumors. Overexpression of IL-6 in IL-6 transgenic mice or introduction of IL-6-containing retroviruses into stem cells will induce iMCD [28], and monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or IL-6 receptors developed at this stage against this target may attenuate the clinical manifestations associated with iMCD patients. The blockade of IL-6 by bortezomib may be part of what allowed our patients to achieve a good outcome.
In the iMCD PC subtype, IL-6 produced by lymph nodes may induce paracrine secretion of VEGF from PCs and vascular proliferation in the intercapsular region of the affected lymph nodes [27]. We speculate that bortezomib may exert a therapeutic effect in iMCD by inhibiting the above processes. We speculate that inhibition of the above processes by bortezomib is another reason for the therapeutic effect.
Nevertheless, about half of the iMCD patients failed to respond to IL-6 inhibition, suggesting that there may be other unknown cytokines and signaling pathways involved in the development of the disease [1]. There are other hypotheses proposed for the disease, partly iMCD patients overlap with autoimmune diseases [29], yet the patients we reported had no significant abnormalities in autoantibodies and therefore could not be tested from this aspect. The hypothesis that tumor cells drive iMCD is also interesting [29], but additional data are required to support this opinion.
Previously, cases of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone successfully treating MCD combined with myeloma have been reported, achieving excellent partial remission [15,30]. Sobas et al. [19] reported that bortezomib was effective in refractory MCD associated with POEMS. This suggests that this combination therapy may be a boon for patients with severe, refractory iMCD and that further clinical studies could be conducted to assess its potential therapeutic value.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the patient and his family, as well as all the doctors at Gansu Provincial Hospital.
-
Funding information: This study was supported by grants from the Hospital Internal Scientific Research Foundation of Gansu Province Hospital (No. 19SYPYA-3,20YF8WA096).
-
Author contributions: H.L., Y.H., and Y.W. contributed equally to this work. H.L. treated the patient and revised the manuscript. Y.H. wrote the manuscript. Y.W. and M.X. were responsible for data collection. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be responsible for all aspects of the manuscript.
-
Conflict of interest: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
-
Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
[1] Dispenzieri A, Fajgenbaum DC. Overview of Castleman disease. Blood. 2020 Apr;135(16):1353–64. 10.1182/blood.2019000931.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[2] Zhang L, Zhao AL, Duan MH, Li ZY, Cao XX, Feng J, et al. Phase 2 study using oral thalidomide–cyclophosphamide–prednisone for idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2019 Apr;133(16):1720–8. Epub 2019 Feb 13 10.1182/blood-2018-11-884577.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[3] Fajgenbaum DC, Uldrick TS, Bagg A, Frank D, Wu D, Srkalovic G, et al. International, evidence-based consensus diagnostic criteria for HHV-8-negative/idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2017 Mar;129(12):1646–57. Epub 2017 Jan 13. 10.1182/blood-2016-10-746933.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[4] Uldrick TS, Polizzotto MN, Aleman K, Wyvill KM, Marshall V, Whitby D, et al. Rituximab plus liposomal doxorubicin in HIV-infected patients with KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2014 Dec;124(24):3544–52. Epub 2014 Oct 20. 10.1182/blood-2014-07-586800.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[5] van Rhee F, Voorhees P, Dispenzieri A, Fosså A, Srkalovic G, Ide M, et al. International, evidence-based consensus treatment guidelines for idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2018 Nov;132(20):2115–24. Epub 2018 Sep 4. 10.1182/blood-2018-07-862334.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[6] Yu L, Tu M, Cortes J, Xu-Monette ZY, Miranda RN, Zhang J, et al. Clinical and pathological characteristics of HIV- and HHV-8-negative Castleman disease. Blood . 2017 Mar;129(12):1658–68. Epub 2017 Jan 18. 10.1182/blood-2016-11-748855.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[7] Arenas DJ, Floess K, Kobrin D, Pai RL, Srkalovic MB, Tamakloe MA, et al. Increased mTOR activation in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Blood. 2020 May;135(19):1673–84. 10.1182/blood.2019002792.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[8] Simpson D. Epidemiology of castleman disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018 Feb;32(1):1–10. 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.09.001.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[9] Yu L, Shi M, Cai Q, Strati P, Hagemeister F, Zhai Q, et al. A novel predictive model for idiopathic multicentric castleman disease: the International Castleman Disease Consortium Study. Oncologist. 2020 Nov;25(11):963–73. Epub 2020 Sep 18. 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0986.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[10] van Rhee F, Wong RS, Munshi N, Rossi JF, Ke XY, Fosså A, et al. Siltuximab for multicentric Castleman’s disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Aug;15(9):966–74. Epub 2014 Jul 17. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2014 Sep;15(10):417. 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70319-5.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[11] Kapriniotis K, Lampridis S, Mitsos S, Patrini D, Lawrence DR, Panagiotopoulos N. Biologic agents in the treatment of multicentric castleman disease. Turk Thorac J. 2018 Oct;19(4):220–5. Epub 2018 Oct 1. 10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2018.18066.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[12] Kawabata H, Kotani S, Matsumura Y, Kondo T, Katsurada T, Haga H, et al. Successful treatment of a patient with multicentric Castleman’s disease who presented with thrombocytopenia, ascites, renal failure and myelofibrosis using tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody. Intern Med. 2013;52(13):1503–7. Epub 2013 Jul 1. 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.9482.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[13] Man L, Goudar RK. Reversal of cardiomyopathy with tocilizumab in a case of HIV-negative Castleman’s disease. Eur J Haematol. 2013 Sep;91(3):273–6. Epub 2013 Jul 22. 10.1111/ejh.12161.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[14] Robak P, Robak T. Bortezomib for the treatment of hematologic malignancies: 15 years later. Drugs R D. 2019 Jun;19(2):73–92. 10.1007/s40268-019-0269-9.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[15] Yuan ZG, Dun XY, Li YH, Hou J. Treatment of multicentric Castleman’s disease accompanying multiple myeloma with bortezomib: a case report. J Hematol Oncol. 2009 Apr;2:19. 10.1186/1756-8722-2-19.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[16] Rajkumar SV, Richardson PG, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Proteasome inhibition as a novel therapeutic target in human cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jan;23(3):630–9. 10.1200/JCO.2005.11.030.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[17] Zhang L, Zhang MY, Cao XX, Zhou DB, Fajgenbaum DC, Dong YJ, et al. A prospective, multicenter study of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory iMCD. Leuk Lymphoma. 2022 Mar;63(3):618–26. Epub 2022 Jan 31. 10.1080/10428194.2021.1999437.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[18] Casper C. The aetiology and management of Castleman disease at 50 years: translating pathophysiology to patient care. Br J Haematol. 2005 Apr;129(1):3–17. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05311.x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[19] Sobas MA, Alonso Vence N, Diaz Arias J, Bendaña Lopez A, Fraga Rodriguez M, Bello Lopez JL. Efficacy of bortezomib in refractory form of multicentric Castleman disease associated to poems syndrome (MCD-POEMS variant). Ann Hematol. 2010 Feb;89(2):217–9. Epub 2009 Jul 28. 10.1007/s00277-009-0795-6.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[20] Ocio EM, Sanchez-Guijo FM, Diez-Campelo M, Castilla C, Blanco OJ, Caballero D, et al. Efficacy of rituximab in an aggressive form of multicentric Castleman disease associated with immune phenomena. Am J Hematol. 2005 Apr;78(4):302–5. 10.1002/ajh.20283.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[21] Zhu SH, Yu YH, Zhang Y, Sun JJ, Han DL, Li J. Clinical features and outcome of patients with HIV-negative multicentric Castleman’s disease treated with combination chemotherapy: a report on 10 patients. Med Oncol. 2013 Mar;30(1):492. 10.1007/s12032-013-0492-0. Epub 2013 Feb 12.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[22] Muller GW, Corral LG, Shire MG, Wang H, Moreira A, Kaplan G, et al. Structural modifications of thalidomide produce analogs with enhanced tumor necrosis factor inhibitory activity. J Med Chem. 1996 Aug;39(17):3238–40. 10.1021/jm9603328.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[23] van Rhee F, Greenway A, Stone K. Treatment of idiopathic Castleman disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018 Feb;32(1):89–106. 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.09.008.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[24] Citrin R, Foster JB, Teachey DT. The role of proteasome inhibition in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant hematologic disorders. Expert Rev Hematol. 2016 Sep;9(9):873–89. Epub 2016 Aug 5. 10.1080/17474086.2016.1216311.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[25] Kane RC, Farrell AT, Sridhara R, Pazdur R. United States Food and Drug Administration approval summary: bortezomib for the treatment of progressive multiple myeloma after one prior therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 May;12(10):2955–60. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0170.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[26] Palumbo A, Chanan-Khan A, Weisel K, Nooka AK, Masszi T, Beksac M, et al. Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug;375(8):754–66. 10.1056/NEJMoa1606038.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[27] Nishi J, Maruyama I. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Castleman’s disease: proposed pathomechanism of vascular proliferation in the affected lymph node. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000 Jul;38(3–4):387–94. 10.3109/10428190009087030.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[28] Brandt SJ, Bodine DM, Dunbar CE, Nienhuis AW. Retroviral-mediated transfer of interleukin-6 into hematopoietic cells of mice results in a syndrome resembling Castleman’s disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1990;166:37–41. 10.1007/978-3-642-75889-8_5.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[29] Liu AY, Nabel CS, Finkelman BS, Ruth JR, Kurzrock R, van Rhee F, et al. Idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: a systematic literature review. Lancet Haematol. 2016 Apr;3(4):e163–75. Epub 2016 Mar 17. 10.1016/S2352-3026(16)00006-5.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[30] Khan AA, Siraj F, Bhargava M, Aggarwal S. Successful treatment of multicentric Castleman’s disease accompanying myeloma with bortezomib. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Dec;2012:bcr2012007646. 10.1136/bcr-2012-007646.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Articles in the same Issue
- Research Articles
- EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
- STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
- Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
- The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
- METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
- Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
- Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
- Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
- Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
- Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
- Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
- Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
- Pressure ulcers in German hospitals: Analysis of reimbursement and length of stay
- Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
- Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
- Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
- The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
- Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
- Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
- The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
- Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
- Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
- Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
- Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
- The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
- Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
- Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
- CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
- Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
- FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
- Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
- Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
- Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
- Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
- High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
- Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
- Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
- Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
- Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
- Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
- No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
- Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
- Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
- Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
- The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
- Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
- Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
- Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
- Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
- Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
- High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
- Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
- HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
- Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
- ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
- Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
- The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
- Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
- Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
- Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
- HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
- Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
- Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
- Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
- FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
- Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
- Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
- Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
- CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
- miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
- Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
- The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
- Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
- Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
- Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
- Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
- Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
- Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
- Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
- Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
- Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
- Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
- Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
- New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
- Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
- Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
- Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
- Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
- SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
- Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
- The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
- Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
- Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
- Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
- Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
- Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
- Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
- Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
- Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
- Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
- ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
- Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
- Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
- Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
- Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
- Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
- Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
- Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
- Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
- Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
- Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
- Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
- The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
- Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
- Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
- Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
- The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
- Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
- Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
- ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
- The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
- The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
- Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
- Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
- Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
- NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
- The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
- Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
- Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
- Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
- Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
- Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
- DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
- Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
- Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
- Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
- A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
- The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
- Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
- Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
- Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
- Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
- Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
- Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
- Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
- Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
- Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
- Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
- The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
- Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
- Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
- Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
- Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
- Review Articles
- Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
- XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
- A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
- Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
- Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
- Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
- Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
- Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
- Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
- Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
- Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
- Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
- Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
- Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
- Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
- The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
- CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
- Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
- Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
- NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
- Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
- Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
- Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
- Case Reports
- Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
- Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
- Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
- Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
- Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
- Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
- Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
- Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
- Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
- Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
- Letter to the Editor
- Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
- Retraction
- Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
- Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
- Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
- Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
- Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
- Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
- Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
- Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
- SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
- MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
- Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
- Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
- Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
- Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
- Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
- Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
Articles in the same Issue
- Research Articles
- EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
- STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
- Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
- The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
- METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
- Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
- Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
- Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
- Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
- Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
- Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
- Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
- Pressure ulcers in German hospitals: Analysis of reimbursement and length of stay
- Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
- Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
- Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
- The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
- Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
- Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
- The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
- Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
- Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
- Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
- Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
- The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
- Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
- Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
- CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
- Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
- FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
- Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
- Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
- Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
- Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
- High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
- Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
- Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
- Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
- Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
- Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
- Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
- No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
- Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
- Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
- Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
- The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
- Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
- Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
- Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
- Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
- Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
- High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
- Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
- HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
- Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
- ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
- Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
- The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
- Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
- Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
- Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
- HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
- Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
- Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
- Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
- FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
- Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
- Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
- Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
- CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
- miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
- Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
- The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
- Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
- Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
- Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
- Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
- Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
- Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
- Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
- Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
- Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
- Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
- Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
- New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
- Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
- Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
- Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
- Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
- SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
- Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
- The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
- Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
- Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
- Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
- Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
- Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
- Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
- Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
- Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
- Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
- ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
- Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
- Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
- Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
- Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
- Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
- Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
- Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
- Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
- Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
- Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
- Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
- The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
- Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
- Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
- Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
- The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
- Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
- Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
- ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
- The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
- The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
- Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
- Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
- Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
- NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
- The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
- Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
- Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
- Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
- Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
- Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
- DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
- Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
- Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
- Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
- A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
- The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
- Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
- Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
- Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
- Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
- Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
- Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
- Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
- Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
- Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
- Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
- The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
- Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
- Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
- Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
- Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
- Review Articles
- Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
- XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
- A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
- Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
- Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
- Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
- Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
- Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
- Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
- Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
- Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
- Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
- Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
- Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
- Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
- The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
- CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
- Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
- Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
- NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
- Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
- Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
- Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
- Case Reports
- Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
- Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
- Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
- Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
- Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
- Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
- Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
- Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
- Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
- Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
- Letter to the Editor
- Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
- Erratum
- Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
- Retraction
- Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
- Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
- Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
- Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
- Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
- Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
- Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
- Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
- SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
- MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
- Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
- Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
- Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
- Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
- Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
- Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis