Home Medicine Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
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Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures

  • Yuling Gao , Yang Liu , Hongyu Hu , Shunhong Gao EMAIL logo and Junlin Zhou EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 20, 2024
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Open Medicine
From the journal Open Medicine Volume 19 Issue 1

Abstract

Purpose

Gustilo IIIB/C injuries are common for tibia diaphysis fractures with high rates of nonunion, osteomyelitis, and amputation. However, the managements on tibial Gustilo IIIB/C injuries are still controversial and individual. The aim of this study is to introduce the tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting to treat Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC injuries.

Methods

Sixteen Gustilo type IIIB/C tibial fracture patients who underwent tibial periosteum flaps with autologous bone grafting surgeries were retrospectively studied. In the first stage, the wound was treated with debridement and the fracture was reduced and fixed with an external fixator. After covering with vacuum sealing drainage for 7 days, the wound areas were repaired by flaps. When the flaps survived and external fixators were removed, the tibial periosteum flaps were taken with autologous bone grafting for bone defects.

Results

The tibia fractures were comminuted fractures with mean size of segment bone defects 3.1 ± 1.3 cm. All the flaps survived and the wound healed in the first stage after an average of 1.5 ± 0.6 months. The mean size of the flap was 13.2 ± 2.8 cm × 7.3 ± 3.1 cm. All the autografts healed in 4.5 ± 0.7 months without infection and malunion. There was no pain in the affected limb. The weight-bearing and walking function were restored.

Conclusion

Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting is effective to treat bone–skin defect of leg with Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC injury.

Keywords: Gustilo-IIIB/III C injury; bone-skin defect; flap; periosteal flap; tibial fracture

1 Introduction

Open fractures are common for tibia diaphysis fractures which can rate up to 24%, due to its subcutaneous location [1]. Open fractures are classified based on the Gustilo-Anderson Classification. Gustilo IIIB are defined as the presence of significant periosteal stripping and Gustilo IIIC injuries are open fractures with associated arterial injury requiring repair. Both have a high risk of nonunion, because of poor vascularity, loss of soft tissue, infection, and critical-sized bone defects. The incidence of nonunion was 28.9–33%, and osteomyelitis was 9.5–11.1% [2]. The amputation rate for Gustilo IIIB/C injuries can even reach as high as 26.8% [3]. Therefore, Gustilo IIIB/C injuries pose a huge challenge to orthopedists.

However, the managements on tibial Gustilo IIIB/C injuries are still controversial and individual. The basic treatment principles focus on repairing bone defects and performing soft tissue reconstruction [4]. The treatments are usually performed in stages and the basic principles include early debridement, soft tissue cover, and bony reconstruction [5].

Finley first reported in 1978 that the periosteal grafts can produce new function bone without bone grafting [6]. Soldado et al. have successfully developed this surgical technique in pediatric patients and gradually expanded indications and donor sites of periosteal flaps [7–9]. The vascularized tibial periosteal graft (VTPG) has been used in musculoskeletal reconstruction in children [10]. However, studies about the VTPG used in the treatment of tibial Gustilo IIIB/C injuries are few. The aim of this study is to introduce the tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting to treat Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC injuries.

2 Patients and methods

We retrospectively reviewed the patients’ cases between January 2019 and December 2022 and the inclusion criteria are listed as follows: (1) patients diagnosed with Gustilo type IIIB/C open tibial fractures, (2) patients who underwent two stages of reconstruction with free flap for soft tissue coverage followed by the VTPG for bone reconstruction. We excluded patients according to the following criteria: (1) previous surgery on the affected tibia, (2) tibial bone defects caused by malignancy or other non-trauma diseases, and (3) old fractures. Patients’ demographic information, Gustilo classification, causes of injuries, bone defect size, soft tissue loss, and the time for debridement were recorded.

2.1 Surgical technique

The surgical technique was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the patient was placed in a supine position and general anesthesia was induced with a pneumatic tourniquet placed on the proximal part of the affected leg. First, soap and running water were used to wash the skin around the wound. Adequate quantity of lavage fluid was used on the affected limbs. All nonviable or questionably viable skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscle, periosteum, and bone were excised. After 10 min of lavage of povidone iodine, the wound was washed through saline–hydrogen peroxide–saline procedure. The fracture was reduced under direct vision, restored the length and line of force of the leg, and fixed the distal and proximal tibia with external fixator. Vascular injuries were detected and repaired. Skin defects were covered with flaps after the wound tissue stayed fresh and clean. The wound in the donor area of the flap was sutured directly or grafted and wrapped with pressure by a thigh skin graft.

The second stage began when the flap survived and external fixator was removed. During the second stage, the tibial periosteum flaps from the direct periosteal branch of anterior tibial vessel or intermuscular branch of posterior tibial vessel, were taken with autologous bone grafting for bone–skin defect of lower leg under supine position of patients and general anesthesia condition. The steps were as follows: (a) A longitudinal arc incision on the lateral side of the tibial crest according to the location of bone defects. (b) Identification of the vascular periosteal tibia branch with good quality and thick caliber according to the preoperative examination of color Doppler sonography. (c) Identification of the fracture sites and the location relationships between the fractures and the adjacent tibia periosteal branch. (d) The tibial periosteum flap was taken as a pedicled flap. A tibial periosteal incision should be made to cover at least half of the circumference of the tibial fracture site with around 2.0 cm deep fascia pedicle to protect periosteal branch when sometimes deep fascia pedicle attached to periosteal branch. (e) The periosteal flap was excised for preparation in the range of 7.5 cm × 3.5 cm–10.0 cm × 4.0 cm. (f) Clean the fibrous scar tissue, hardened bone and callus at the fracture end, and open the distal and proximal bone marrow cavity. (g) Internal fixation of the locking plate and screw placed outside when the medial periosteal flap is taken, and inside when the lateral periosteal flap is used to avoid placing plates on the periosteal flap and affecting the blood supply of the periosteal flap. (h) The autogenous iliac bone implanted into the bone defect with a length of 2.5–6.5 cm, with an average of 4.0 cm. (i) Rotation of the periosteal flap with vascular pedicle to cover 1/2 or 2/3 circumference of the tibial fracture. (j) Suture with adjacent soft tissue or periosteum with several needles for the fixation of the tibia periosteal flap.

For the postoperative treatment, routine anti-infection, anti-spasm, anticoagulation, heat preservation, and braking treatment were performed after the first stage operation. Passive flexion and extension exercises of adjacent joints (knee and ankle joint) were performed on the second day after the second stage operation. Weight bearing was prohibited within 6 weeks, and partial weight bearing exercises were performed until complete weight bearing after 6 weeks. The X-ray film was re-examined every month after operation until the fracture line disappeared and there was no local tenderness and longitudinal percussion pain.

  1. Ethics approval: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the guidelines for Good Clinical Practice and was approved by the Ethics Committee of affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University and the Second Hospital of Tangshan.

3 Results

Sixteen patients who were diagnosed as tibial fractures with Gustilo type IIIB/C injuries and who underwent tibial periosteum flaps with autologous bone grafting surgeries were retrospectively studied. The clinical details of patients can be seen in Table 1. There were 12 males and 4 females. The average age was 38.6 ± 10.0 years old ranging from 19 to 51 years old. The cases of affected part of the tibia included three cases in upper tibia, five cases in middle tibia, and eight cases in lower tibia. The open fractures of tibia were classified into 12 cases of Gustilo IIIB injuries and 4 cases of Gustilo IIIC injuries. The causes of injury included ten cases of traffic accidents, four cases of machine crush injuries, and two cases of fall injuries. The preoperative X-rays showed that all tibia fractures are comminuted fractures with mean size of segment bone defects 3.1 ± 1.3 cm ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 cm and combined with ipsilateral fibula fractures. There was no sign of infection in the wound area. The mean time from injury to the debridement operation was 6.2 ± 0.7 h ranging from 4 to 9 h. After debridement, the mean size of soft tissue loss was approximately 9.3 ± 1.8 cm × (7.3 ± 1.2 cm ranging from 7.5–16.2 to 6.1–8.8 cm.

Table 1

Clinical details

Patient Age (years)/sex Cause Location of defect Gustilo type Reconstruction Flap size (cm) Bone defect length Periosteum flap/size (cm) Bone union time (months) Complication
1 30/M Fall injury Middle tibia IIIB Anterolateral thigh free flap 12 × 8 2.5 7.5 × 3.5 4 None
2 50/M Fall injury Lower tibia IIIC Anterolateral thigh free flap 13 × 9 4.0 8 × 3 6 Superficial infection
3 34/F Traffic injury Upper tibia IIIB Gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap 9 × 8 3.0 10 × 3.5 4 None
4 42/M Machine crush injury Middle tibia IIIB Posterior tibial artery perforator flap 9 × 7 4.5 10 × 4 4.5 None
5 43/F Traffic injury Lower tibia IIIB Sural neurovascular flap 12 × 7 3.2 9 × 3 4.5 None
6 29/M Machine crush injury Middle tibia IIIC Gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap 10 × 6 3.0 8 × 3.5 4.5 None
7 49/M Traffic injury Upper tibia IIIB Gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap 12 × 7 3.3 8.5 × 3.5 4 None
8 56/M Traffic injury Lower tibia IIIB Sural neurovascular flap 10 × 8 4.0 8 × 4 5 None
9 32/M Traffic injury Middle tibia IIIC Anterolateral thigh free flap 9 × 8 1.5 7 × 3 4 None
10 19/M Machine crush injury Lower tibia IIIB Posterior tibial artery perforator flap 18 × 10 2.3 8 × 3 4 None
11 52/M Machine crush injury Lower tibia IIIB Anterolateral thigh free flap 12 × 7 3.5 8.5 × 3 4.5 None
12 35/M Traffic injury Lower tibia IIIB Anterolateral thigh free flap(ALTF) 15 × 8 2.5 8 × 3 4.5 None
13 30/M Traffic injury Lower tibia IIIB Posterior tibial artery perforator flap 13 × 9 2.5 8 × 3 4 None
14 41/M Traffic injury Middle tibia IIIB Gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap 12 × 8 3.3 8 × 4 4 None
15 32/F Traffic injury Upper tibia IIIC Anterolateral thigh free flap 10 × 6 4.0 8.5 × 3.5 5.5 None
16 43/F Traffic injury Lower tibia IIIB Anterolateral thigh free flap 9 × 7 3.0 8 × 4 4 None

All flaps survived and the wound healed in the first stage. Of the four cases of Gustilo IIIC injuries, there were direct anastomosis of posterior tibial artery in two cases and bridging anastomosis of great saphenous vein in two case. The remaining wounds were covered using vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for 7 days. After the wound tissue stayed fresh and clean, the skin defects were covered with gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap in four cases, sural neurovascular flap in two cases, posterior tibial artery perforator flap in three cases, and anterolateral thigh free flap in seven cases. The mean size of the flap was 13.2 ± 2.8 cm × 7.3 ± 3.1 cm ranging from 9.0–18.2 to 6.5–10.7 cm.

After an average of 1.5 ± 0.6 months, the second stage was performed. All 16 cases were followed up for an average of 21.5 ± 2.8 months ranging from 12 to 30 months. All the autografts healed, and the mean healing time was 4.5 ± 0.7 months ranging from 4 to 6 months. The formation of callus, recanalization of the medullary cavity, and absence of implant loosening or fracture were observed. The affected limb exhibited no pain, and restoration of weight-bearing and walking function was observed. Furthermore, the knee and ankle joints demonstrated excellent mobility without any signs of infection or malunion. The internal fixation was removed in six patients, on an average 22 months post-operation, with a range of 16–30 months. In the latest follow-up, based on the Johner–Wruh tibial fracture evaluation criteria [11], 14 cases achieved an excellent outcome, while one case was classified as good and another one case as fair. The overall rate of excellent and good outcomes reached 93.8%.

3.1 Case example

A 19-year-old male suffered a machine injury, resulting in a Gustilo IIIB injury with right distal tibia meta-epiphyseal fracture (AO 43C3). The debridement procedure was performed, maintaining the tibia length through the application of an external fixator, and subsequently covering the wound with a VSD device. After 2 weeks when the wound tissue stayed fresh and clean, the skin flap was repaired with posterior tibial artery perforator flap for 18 × 10 cm size. After 6 months the tibial bone nonunion was detected and the bone defect was 2.3 cm in length. The tibial bone nonunion site was transplanted by the tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting and stabilized with a locking plate. The periosteum flap size was 8 × 3 cm. The radiograph showed the bone union 4 months after the internal fixation. The patient was satisfied with the functional outcomes after 12 months after trauma (Figure 1).

Figure 1 (a) The anteroposterior radiograph showing a Gustilo type IIIB injury with tibial and fibula bone fracture. (b) and (c) The lateral and anteroposterior radiograph after 2 weeks of the external fixator fixation of the affected lower extremity. (d) Appearance of the medial view of the wound after 2 weeks of the external fixator fixation. (e) The wound covered with flap after 2 weeks of the external fixator fixation. (f) and (g) The radiograph of injury after 6 months. (h) The operation of the transposition of the periosteal flap. (i) The radiograph after the internal fixation of tibial fracture with bone graft and periosteal flap transposition. (j) the radiograph showing the bone union after 4 months of the internal fixation of tibial fracture with bone graft and periosteal flap transposition. (k) and (l) The lateral and anterior view after 12 months of injury.
Figure 1

(a) The anteroposterior radiograph showing a Gustilo type IIIB injury with tibial and fibula bone fracture. (b) and (c) The lateral and anteroposterior radiograph after 2 weeks of the external fixator fixation of the affected lower extremity. (d) Appearance of the medial view of the wound after 2 weeks of the external fixator fixation. (e) The wound covered with flap after 2 weeks of the external fixator fixation. (f) and (g) The radiograph of injury after 6 months. (h) The operation of the transposition of the periosteal flap. (i) The radiograph after the internal fixation of tibial fracture with bone graft and periosteal flap transposition. (j) the radiograph showing the bone union after 4 months of the internal fixation of tibial fracture with bone graft and periosteal flap transposition. (k) and (l) The lateral and anterior view after 12 months of injury.

3.2 Statistical method

The measured data were processed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software. All data were presented as mean ± standard deviation. The operations were performed by one experienced surgeon. The bone defect length and the size of flaps including periosteum flaps were recorded separately by three experienced surgeons.

4 Discussion

In this study, we proposed a two-stage treatment protocol for Gustilo IIIB/C open tibial fractures, involving initial flap transplantation followed by subsequent tibial periosteum flap with autologous bone grafting to address the bone–skin defect. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of VTPG in treating 16 patients diagnosed with Gustilo IIIB/C injuries.

In our study, we took earl repair (≤2 times of debridement) with free flaps on the lower extremities reconstruction. The early-repair group had a less risk of total or partial flap necrosis, lower incidence of complications, and less wound size than the delayed-repair group (>2 times of debridement) [12]. For patients with Gustilo IIIB and IIIC injuries accompanied by significant soft tissue loss, despite successful vascular repair, accurately assessing the viability of the remaining soft tissues remains challenging and necessitates further observation. VSD can obviously promote the growth of granulation tissue and reduce the wound surface area [13]. So all affected legs in our study were fixed with external fixator and covered with VSD. Skin flap translation was performed approximately 1 week later until the wound boundary was clear and the surface was fresh. In the two-stage operative protocols, timing to definitive fixation and flap coverage (2–5 days) was not associated with negative outcomes [14,15]. When selecting the soft tissue coverage, we followed the principle of pedicle flap priori over free flap and minimum of the donor site [16]. In this group, nine cases were covered with medial gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap, sural neurovascular flap, and posterior tibial artery perforator flap, which were pedicled flaps without affecting the main vessels flow. For seven cases with the large size of wound and surrounding tissues badly traumatized, the free anterolateral thigh flap was used. The medial sural vessels were anastomosed with the free tissue flaps, and all the flaps survived.

The clinical treatment of bone defect includes non-vascularized bone graft, vascularized bone flap, Ilizarov technique, Masquelet technique, and periosteal flap combined with autogenous bone graft [17]. The traditional treatment are limited by bone size availability, donor site morbidity, lack of osteogenic potential, infection, the burden of circular external fixator, and prolonged treatment time [18]. However, the periosteum has the advantage of minimal ectopic ossification and appropriate vascularization in bone healing [19]. Apart from providing the elastic fibers, collagen, and a vascular network, the periosteum also supports the formation of the chondroblasts and osteoblasts in the cambium layer [20]. Theoretically, any vascularized periosteal flap might be potentially used as a free flap. The VTPG, vascularized fibular periosteal flaps, and free vascularized medial femoral condyle periosteal flaps have been reported in the literature [7,21,22]. The direct perforating branch and communication network of the VTPG are abundant, ensuring ample blood supply. The VTPG can be divided into two periosteal grafts, the posterior one based on intermuscular branch of posterior tibial artery and the anterior one based on direct periosteal branch of anterior tibial artery. The periosteal branches of the anterior artery pass underneath or occasionally through the origin of tibialis anterior. On the periosteum they form rings around the shaft of the tibia with two or three vertically orientated anastomotic channels joining adjacent periosteal rings [23]. It means that a wide range of preferable periosteal flaps, both the medial and lateral periosteum of the tibia, can be selected without affecting the main blood vessels’ supply.

For the surgery techniques, when the lateral tibial periosteal flap is dissected, 1.0–1.5 cm of the tibia periosteum on the anterior edge and medial side of the tibia should be preserved to ensure the integrity of the vascular anastomosis chain at the anterior edge of the tibia and enlarge the VTPG range. We took some tibialis anterior muscle close to it when there is scar tissue around the periosteal flap of the direct perforating branch of the anterior tibial artery so as to ensure the blood supply to the periosteal flap. The tibial periosteal flap of the intermuscular branch of the posterior tibial vessel is located between the soleus and the flexor digitorum longus, where perforating branch is closely related to the deep fascia. So the wide fascial periosteal pedicle of 2.0 cm is preserved as far as possible to ensure the blood supply. When covering the fracture end, the periosteal flap should be sutured and fixed with the surrounding tissue to ensure the full coverage and adhesion of the periosteal flap at the fracture end.

There were several limitations in our study. First, it is not easy to perform a pedicled periosteal flap from a previous surgical treated bone fracture which would increase the difficulty of choosing the perforator vessels of the periosteal flap from the anterior or posterior tibial vessels. Second, the contribution of periosteal flap and bone grafting in bone union need to be further debated.

5 Conclusion

Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting is effective to treat bone–skin defect of leg with Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC injury.

  1. Funding information: The corresponding author Junlin Zhou discloses receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article: Beijing Key Clinical Specialty Project.

  2. Author contributions: All listed authors have contributed substantially to this work: Yuling Gao: wrote the original draft of the manuscript, collected the data, and designed the study. Yang Liu: guided the writing of the manuscript, collected the data, and did statistical analysis. Hongyu Hu: took part in the surgeries, collected the data, and did statistical analysis. Shunhong Gao: designed the study, performed the surgeries, and was in charge of this study. Junlin Zhou: designed the study and was in charge of this study.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

  4. Data availability statement: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Received: 2023-06-21
Revised: 2024-06-24
Accepted: 2024-08-27
Published Online: 2024-09-20

© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  39. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
  40. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
  41. High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
  42. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  43. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  44. Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  136. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
  137. The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
  138. Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
  139. Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
  140. Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
  141. NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
  142. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
  143. Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
  144. Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
  145. Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
  150. Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  151. Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
  152. Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
  153. A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
  154. The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
  162. Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
  165. The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
  168. Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
  171. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
  172. XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
  182. Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
  185. Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
  187. CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
  188. Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
  191. Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
  192. Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
  195. Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
  196. Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
  202. Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
  215. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
  217. Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
  220. Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
  221. SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
  223. Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
  224. Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
  227. Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
  228. Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2024-1038
Keywords for this article
Gustilo-IIIB/III C injury; bone-skin defect; flap; periosteal flap; tibial fracture
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Research Articles
  2. EDNRB inhibits the growth and migration of prostate cancer cells by activating the cGMP-PKG pathway
  3. STK11 (LKB1) mutation suppresses ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma by facilitating monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis
  4. Association of SOX6 gene polymorphisms with Kashin-Beck disease risk in the Chinese Han population
  5. The pyroptosis-related signature predicts prognosis and influences the tumor immune microenvironment in dedifferentiated liposarcoma
  6. METTL3 attenuates ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer via modulating TFRC
  7. Identification and validation of molecular subtypes and prognostic signature for stage I and stage II gastric cancer based on neutrophil extracellular traps
  8. Novel lumbar plexus block versus femoral nerve block for analgesia and motor recovery after total knee arthroplasty
  9. Correlation between ABCB1 and OLIG2 polymorphisms and the severity and prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction
  10. Study on the radiotherapy effect and serum neutral granulocyte lymphocyte ratio and inflammatory factor expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  11. Transcriptome analysis of effects of Tecrl deficiency on cardiometabolic and calcium regulation in cardiac tissue
  12. Aflatoxin B1 induces infertility, fetal deformities, and potential therapies
  13. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin and its receptors are associated with cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  14. METTL3-mediated methylation of CYP2C19 mRNA may aggravate clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients
  15. Understand how machine learning impact lung cancer research from 2010 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis
  16. Pressure ulcers in German hospitals: Analysis of reimbursement and length of stay
  17. Metformin plus L-carnitine enhances brown/beige adipose tissue activity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling to reduce lipid accumulation and inflammation in murine obesity
  18. Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
  19. Feasibility of 3-dimensional printed models in simulated training and teaching of transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  20. miR-335-3p improves type II diabetes mellitus by IGF-1 regulating macrophage polarization
  21. The analyses of human MCPH1 DNA repair machinery and genetic variations
  22. Activation of Piezo1 increases the sensitivity of breast cancer to hyperthermia therapy
  23. Comprehensive analysis based on the disulfidptosis-related genes identifies hub genes and immune infiltration for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  24. Changes of serum CA125 and PGE2 before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with GnRH-a in treatment of patients with adenomyosis
  25. The clinical value of the hepatic venous pressure gradient in patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis
  26. Development and validation of a novel model to predict pulmonary embolism in cardiology suspected patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis
  27. Downregulation of lncRNA XLOC_032768 in diabetic patients predicts the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy
  28. Circ_0051428 targeting miR-885-3p/MMP2 axis enhances the malignancy of cervical cancer
  29. Effectiveness of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  30. The construction of a novel prognostic prediction model for glioma based on GWAS-identified prognostic-related risk loci
  31. Evaluating the impact of childhood BMI on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A Mendelian randomization study
  32. Lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute heart failure: Data from the MIMIC-III database
  33. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement
  34. Efficacy of etonogestrel subcutaneous implants versus the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in the conservative treatment of adenomyosis
  35. FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
  36. Challenges in treating primary immune thrombocytopenia patients undergoing COVID-19 vaccination: A retrospective study
  37. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway
  38. Phospholipid transfer protein ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition
  39. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled study comparing goal-directed and conventional fluid therapy
  40. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction
  41. High SEC61A1 expression predicts poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia
  42. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: A meta-analysis
  43. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 protects against renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway
  44. Pan-cancer and single-cell analysis of actin cytoskeleton genes related to disulfidptosis
  45. Overexpression of miR-532-5p restrains oxidative stress response of chondrocytes in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting ABL1
  46. Autologous liver transplantation for unresectable hepatobiliary malignancies in enhanced recovery after surgery model
  47. Clinical analysis of incomplete rupture of the uterus secondary to previous cesarean section
  48. Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  49. No genetic causality between obesity and benign paroxysmal vertigo: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
  50. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in SSc
  51. Long non-coding RNA SRA1 suppresses radiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating glycolytic reprogramming
  52. Evaluation of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: An inpatient social welfare institution-based cross-sectional study
  53. The possible role of oxidative stress marker glutathione in the assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
  54. Compilation of a self-management assessment scale for postoperative patients with aortic dissection
  55. Left atrial appendage closure in conjunction with radiofrequency ablation: Effects on left atrial functioning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
  56. Effect of anterior femoral cortical notch grade on postoperative function and complications during TKA surgery: A multicenter, retrospective study
  57. Clinical characteristics and assessment of risk factors in patients with influenza A-induced severe pneumonia after the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2
  58. Analgesia nociception index is an indicator of laparoscopic trocar insertion-induced transient nociceptive stimuli
  59. High STAT4 expression correlates with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and facilitates disease progression by upregulating VEGFA expression
  60. Factors influencing cardiovascular system-related post-COVID-19 sequelae: A single-center cohort study
  61. HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis
  62. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-26a induces ferroptosis, suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation, and ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating SLC7A11
  63. Endovascular thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for primary distal, medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke
  64. ANO6 (TMEM16F) inhibits gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth and induces ferroptosis
  65. Prognostic value of EIF5A2 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
  66. The role of enhanced expression of Cx43 in patients with ulcerative colitis
  67. Choosing a COVID-19 vaccination site might be driven by anxiety and body vigilance
  68. Role of ICAM-1 in triple-negative breast cancer
  69. Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2
  70. HLA-DRB5 promotes immune thrombocytopenia via activating CD8+ T cells
  71. Efficacy and factors of myofascial release therapy combined with electrical and magnetic stimulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  72. Efficacy of tacrolimus monotherapy in primary membranous nephropathy
  73. Mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking
  74. FBXO45 levels regulated ferroptosis renal tubular epithelial cells in a model of diabetic nephropathy by PLK1
  75. Optimizing anesthesia strategies to NSCLC patients in VATS procedures: Insights from drug requirements and patient recovery patterns
  76. Alpha-lipoic acid upregulates the PPARγ/NRF2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
  77. Correlation between fat-soluble vitamin levels and inflammatory factors in paediatric community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective study
  78. CD1d affects the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells via regulating MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway
  79. miR-let-7a inhibits sympathetic nerve remodeling after myocardial infarction by downregulating the expression of nerve growth factor
  80. Immune response analysis of solid organ transplantation recipients inoculated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: A retrospective analysis
  81. The H2Valdien derivatives regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of hepatoma carcinoma cells through the Hedgehog signaling pathway
  82. Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets
  83. Comparison of short-segment and long-segment fixation in treatment of degenerative scoliosis and analysis of factors associated with adjacent spondylolisthesis
  84. Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway
  85. Methylation regulation for FUNDC1 stability in childhood leukemia was up-regulated and facilitates metastasis and reduces ferroptosis of leukemia through mitochondrial damage by FBXL2
  86. Correlation of single-fiber electromyography studies and functional status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  87. Risk factors of postoperative airway obstruction complications in children with oral floor mass
  88. Expression levels and clinical significance of serum miR-19a/CCL20 in patients with acute cerebral infarction
  89. Physical activity and mental health trends in Korean adolescents: Analyzing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2018 to 2022
  90. Evaluating anemia in HIV-infected patients using chest CT
  91. Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court
  92. Causal association of circulating immune cells and lymphoma: A Mendelian randomization study
  93. Assessment of the renal function and fibrosis indexes of conventional western medicine with Chinese medicine for dredging collaterals on treating renal fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  94. Comprehensive landscape of integrator complex subunits and their association with prognosis and tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
  95. New target-HMGCR inhibitors for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A drug Mendelian randomization study
  96. Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients
  97. Comparison of the ability of newly inflammatory markers to predict complicated appendicitis
  98. Comparative morphology of the cruciate ligaments: A radiological study
  99. Immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: The central role of TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
  100. Serum SIRT3 levels in epilepsy patients and its association with clinical outcomes and severity: A prospective observational study
  101. SHP-1 mediates cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and inflammation in 16HBE cells
  102. Acute hyper-hypoxia accelerates the development of depression in mice via the IL-6/PGC1α/MFN2 signaling pathway
  103. The GJB3 correlates with the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic responses in lung adenocarcinoma
  104. Physical fitness and blood parameters outcomes of breast cancer survivor in a low-intensity circuit resistance exercise program
  105. Exploring anesthetic-induced gene expression changes and immune cell dynamics in atrial tissue post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery
  106. Empagliflozin improves aortic injury in obese mice by regulating fatty acid metabolism
  107. Analysis of the risk factors of the radiation-induced encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study
  108. Reproductive outcomes in women with BRCA 1/2 germline mutations: A retrospective observational study and literature review
  109. Evaluation of upper airway ultrasonographic measurements in predicting difficult intubation: A cross-section of the Turkish population
  110. Prognostic and diagnostic value of circulating IGFBP2 in pancreatic cancer
  111. Postural stability after operative reconstruction of the AFTL in chronic ankle instability comparing three different surgical techniques
  112. Research trends related to emergence agitation in the post-anaesthesia care unit from 2001 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
  113. Frequency and clinicopathological correlation of gastrointestinal polyps: A six-year single center experience
  114. ACSL4 mediates inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction by activating ferroptosis and inflammation
  115. Affibody-based molecular probe 99mTc-(HE)3ZHER2:V2 for non-invasive HER2 detection in ovarian and breast cancer xenografts
  116. Effectiveness of nutritional support for clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  117. The relationship between IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6 cytokines, and severity of the condition with serum zinc and Fe in children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  118. Paraquat disrupts the blood–brain barrier by increasing IL-6 expression and oxidative stress through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  119. Sleep quality associate with the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in coronary artery disease patients: A retrospective case–control study
  120. Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
  121. Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
  122. Application value of multi-parameter magnetic resonance image-transrectal ultrasound cognitive fusion in prostate biopsy
  123. Laboratory variables‐based artificial neural network models for predicting fatty liver disease: A retrospective study
  124. Decreased BIRC5-206 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through sponging miR-145-5p
  125. Sepsis induces the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction through activation of YAP1/Serpine1/caspase-3 pathway
  126. Assessment of iron metabolism and iron deficiency in incident patients on incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  127. Tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting in the treatment of Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures
  128. The application of intravenous general anesthesia under nasopharyngeal airway assisted ventilation undergoing ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: A prospective, single-center, controlled trial
  129. Long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability suppresses gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the maturation of microRNA-34a
  130. Role of FOXM1 and AURKB in regulating keratinocyte function in psoriasis
  131. Parental control attitudes over their pre-school children’s diet
  132. The role of auto-HSCT in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma
  133. Significance of negative cervical cytology and positive HPV in the diagnosis of cervical lesions by colposcopy
  134. Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1/4/6 and calmodulin
  135. ADAR1 plays a protective role in proximal tubular cells under high glucose conditions by attenuating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
  136. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
  137. The unusual location of primary hydatid cyst: A case series study
  138. Intraoperative changes in electrophysiological monitoring can be used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with spinal cavernous malformation
  139. Obesity and risk of placenta accreta spectrum: A meta-analysis
  140. Shikonin alleviates asthma phenotypes in mice via an airway epithelial STAT3-dependent mechanism
  141. NSUN6 and HTR7 disturbed the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the immune responses of macrophages
  142. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
  143. Temporal muscle thickness is not a prognostic predictor in patients with high-grade glioma, an experience at two centers in China
  144. Luteolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cell pyroptosis
  145. Therapeutic role of respiratory exercise in patients with tuberculous pleurisy
  146. Effects of CFTR-ENaC on spinal cord edema after spinal cord injury
  147. Irisin-regulated lncRNAs and their potential regulatory functions in chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
  148. DMD mutations in pediatric patients with phenotypes of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy
  149. Combination of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio as a novel predictor of all-cause mortality in heart failure patients
  150. Significant role and the underly mechanism of cullin-1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  151. Ferroptosis-related prognostic model of mantle cell lymphoma
  152. Observation of choking reaction and other related indexes in elderly painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transnasal high-flow humidification oxygen therapy
  153. A bibliometric analysis of Prader-Willi syndrome from 2002 to 2022
  154. The causal effects of childhood sunburn occasions on melanoma: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
  155. Oxidative stress regulates glycogen synthase kinase-3 in lymphocytes of diabetes mellitus patients complicated with cerebral infarction
  156. Role of COX6C and NDUFB3 in septic shock and stroke
  157. Trends in disease burden of type 2 diabetes, stroke, and hypertensive heart disease attributable to high BMI in China: 1990–2019
  158. Purinergic P2X7 receptor mediates hyperoxia-induced injury in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway
  159. Investigating the role of oviductal mucosa–endometrial co-culture in modulating factors relevant to embryo implantation
  160. Analgesic effect of external oblique intercostal block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective study
  161. Elevated serum miR-142-5p correlates with ischemic lesions and both NSE and S100β in ischemic stroke patients
  162. Correlation between the mechanism of arteriopathy in IgA nephropathy and blood stasis syndrome: A cohort study
  163. Risk factors for progressive kyphosis after percutaneous kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
  164. Predictive role of neuron-specific enolase and S100-β in early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke
  165. The potential risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with general anesthesia
  166. Fluoxetine inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation in vitro
  167. Detection of serum FOXM1 and IGF2 in patients with ARDS and their correlation with disease and prognosis
  168. Rhein promotes skin wound healing by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
  169. Differences in mortality risk by levels of physical activity among persons with disabilities in South Korea
  170. Review Articles
  171. Cutaneous signs of selected cardiovascular disorders: A narrative review
  172. XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
  173. A narrative review on adverse drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments on the kidney
  174. Emerging role and function of SPDL1 in human health and diseases
  175. Adverse reactions of piperacillin: A literature review of case reports
  176. Molecular mechanism and intervention measures of microvascular complications in diabetes
  177. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by autophagy
  178. Molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumours: A systematic review
  179. Advances in synthetic lethality modalities for glioblastoma multiforme
  180. Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics
  181. Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment
  182. Sox9: A potential regulator of cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma
  183. Early detection of cardiovascular risk markers through non-invasive ultrasound methodologies in periodontitis patients
  184. Advanced neuroimaging and criminal interrogation in lie detection
  185. Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
  186. The chemoprotective hormetic effects of rosmarinic acid
  187. CBD’s potential impact on Parkinson’s disease: An updated overview
  188. Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
  189. Utilizing reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanoparticles for targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A review
  190. NRXN1-related disorders, attempt to better define clinical assessment
  191. Lidocaine infusion for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: Case series and literature review
  192. Trends and future directions of autophagy in osteosarcoma: A bibliometric analysis
  193. Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction
  194. Case Reports
  195. Sirolimus potentiated angioedema: A case report and review of the literature
  196. Identification of mixed anaerobic infections after inguinal hernia repair based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report
  197. Successful treatment with bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone in a middle-aged male with idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: A case report
  198. Complete heart block associated with hepatitis A infection in a female child with fatal outcome
  199. Elevation of D-dimer in eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in the absence of venous thrombosis: A case series and literature review
  200. Four years of natural progressive course: A rare case report of juvenile Xp11.2 translocations renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion
  201. Advancing prenatal diagnosis: Echocardiographic detection of Scimitar syndrome in China – A case series
  202. Outcomes and complications of hemodialysis in patients with renal cancer following bilateral nephrectomy
  203. Anti-HMGCR myopathy mimicking facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
  204. Recurrent opportunistic infections in a HIV-negative patient with combined C6 and NFKB1 mutations: A case report, pedigree analysis, and literature review
  205. Letter to the Editor
  206. Letter to the Editor: Total parenteral nutrition-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy after oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
  207. Erratum
  208. Erratum to “Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus”
  209. Retraction
  210. Retraction of “XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis”
  211. Corrigendum
  212. Corrigendum to “Investigating hormesis, aging, and neurodegeneration: From bench to clinics”
  213. Corrigendum to “Frankincense: A neuronutrient to approach Parkinson’s disease treatment”
  214. Special Issue The evolving saga of RNAs from bench to bedside - Part II
  215. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
  216. Unlocking the future of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: A comprehensive analysis of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for prognosis and drug screening
  217. Elevated mRNA level indicates FSIP1 promotes EMT and gastric cancer progression by regulating fibroblasts in tumor microenvironment
  218. Special Issue Advancements in oncology: bridging clinical and experimental research - Part I
  219. Ultrasound-guided transperineal vs transrectal prostate biopsy: A meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rates
  220. Assessment of diagnostic value of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer
  221. SENP7 inhibits glioblastoma metastasis and invasion by dissociating SUMO2/3 binding to specific target proteins
  222. MARK1 suppress malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and improves sorafenib resistance through negatively regulating POTEE
  223. Analysis of postoperative complications in bladder cancer patients
  224. Carboplatin combined with arsenic trioxide versus carboplatin combined with docetaxel treatment for LACC: A randomized, open-label, phase II clinical study
  225. Special Issue Exploring the biological mechanism of human diseases based on MultiOmics Technology - Part I
  226. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation of carnosine dipeptidase 1 and its prospective prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma
  227. Identification of signatures associated with microsatellite instability and immune characteristics to predict the prognostic risk of colon cancer
  228. Single-cell analysis identified key macrophage subpopulations associated with atherosclerosis
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